Can Bernanke Sterilize Toxic Banks?

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Worried that "Helicopter" Ben Bernanke's recent money drop will eventually spark a nasty bout of inflation? Fear not, Fools. Bernanke is gearing up for a ground war against the money supply, and with Congress' approval, he'll have a new kind of ammo that just might work.

Nothing inflated around here
Inflation's not a problem yet, because those gobs of freshly printed bills have largely remained parked on banks' balance sheets, filling holes like the thumbs of so many little Dutch boys. With these additional Grants and Benjamins unavailable for public transaction, we have not felt their inflationary effect -- or if we have, it has simply counteracted deflationary forces.

I know what you're thinking: Inflation is inevitable sooner or later. Indeed, if Bernanke cannot suck all that money back out of the system once banks start to lend again, look out. Unless you're heavily invested in SPDR Gold Shares (NYSE: GLD) or some other inflation-killer, you could be in for some pain at that point. Surging commodity costs would likely do a number on the margins of any company that uses raw materials, from Colgate-Palmolive (NYSE: CL) to Chipotle Mexican Grill (NYSE: CMG).

But not if Bernanke gets his way!

The sterilization bazooka
Recently, the Fed made a small but important remark: It is "seeking legislative action to provide additional tools the Federal Reserve can use to sterilize the effects of its lending or securities purchases on the supply of bank reserves." As John Kemp of Reuters has speculated, this likely means that Bernanke wants license for the Fed to issue its own type of debt security, which banks might be forced to purchase under a new regulatory framework, thus providing a surefire way to extract excess bank reserves from the system.

What's so significant about this idea? Recall that the normal process of reducing the money supply involves the Fed selling Treasuries to banks, and/or redeeming maturing Treasuries with the Treasury Department. But in the current situation, the Fed has expanded the money supply in part by buying assets such as mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Unlike super-safe Treasuries, banks may not be so eager to buy back these risky bets. The potentially mandatory component of the sterilization strategy circumvents this pesky issue of market freedom.

It's all in the timing
Assuming that Congress grants the Fed the power it seeks, Bernanke must still make the correct decision about when he requires banks to buy the new-fangled Fed debt securities. Wait too long, and inflation may already be on the rise. Accordingly, inflation protection in the form of a gold miner such as Barrick Gold (NYSE: ABX) or Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM) still makes plenty of sense. That said, investors who go overboard with inflationary safe havens may find their future returns a tad, well, sterile.

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Fool contributor Mike Pienciak does not hold shares in any company mentioned. Chipotle Mexican Grill is a Motley Fool Rule Breakers and (via its B-shares) Motley Fool Hidden Gems selection. Try any of our Foolish newsletters today, free for 30 days. The Fool has a disclosure policy.

Comments from our Foolish Readers

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  • Report this Comment On April 22, 2009, at 6:40 PM, bluto7 wrote:

    So let me understand this. The Fed buys toxic crap off the banks and then requires the banks to buy a new Fed security. Exactly what is gained? The banks are still full of illiquid securities.

  • Report this Comment On April 30, 2009, at 7:24 PM, TMFGlide wrote:

    bluto7--

    When the Fed buys the toxic stuff off bank balance sheets, the banks are essentially pumped full of reserves (banks get cash, Fed gets toxic assets). The problem is that once the economy starts to pick back up, banks are now free to lend against those reserves up to reserve limits. As banks lend, the money supply expands, and assuming that the money lent is used in economic transactions out in the real world, we now have both increased money supply and increased money velocity -- the two components of inflation according to the quantity theory of money. By requiring the banks to buy Fed debt securities, which would ostensibly be less liquid than cash, the Fed effectively caps banks' ability to lend by drawing down their reserves, thus limiting the degree to which the money supply can be expanded. From a monetary perspective, this limits inflation (individual goods will still be subject to supply and demand fundamentals).

    Hope that helps.

    MP

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