The One Thing to Know About Eli Lilly

I know it sounds ludicrous, but investors often overlook the people in charge of protecting their investments. The idea of gauging a company's leadership plays second-fiddle to other categories of analysis. However, at Fool.com we believe careful study of effective leadership is one of the most important areas of evaluating long-term winning investments.

We like CEOs who actually work for shareholders like us. After all, we're the true owners of the business. When you're deciding whether to invest in a company, failing to vet its CEO is a big mistake. In fact, if you've overlooked the study of a company's leadership, then that's the one important area you should know about before finalizing your investment in the company.

After reviewing thousands of companies over dozens of years, we've found several crucial characteristics of quality management. Today, we'll size up the recent performance of Eli Lilly's (NYSE: LLY  ) leadership.

How much skin do they have in the game?
Are Eli Lilly CEO John Lechleiter's interests aligned with shareholders? Here's how the Eli Lilly CEO's ownership compares to that of other companies in the industry.

CEO, Company	Shares Owned	% of Shares Outstanding	Insider Ownership Market Value (in millions)
John Lechleiter, Eli Lilly	273,942	0.02%	$10
Lamberto Andreotti, Bristol-Myers Squibb	215,815	0.01%	$6
Miles White, Abbott Laboratories	1,298,783	0.08%	$66

Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's.

Lechleiter actually owns $10 million worth of Eli Lilly, or 0.02% of shares outstanding. We Fools prefer CEOs who have higher ownership stakes in their businesses, since that better aligns their interests with shareholders'. However, while we think high insider ownership is a good sign, low insider ownership isn't necessarily a bad one. CEOs may be relatively new, or may have a low percent of shares outstanding, but a high total value of ownership.

How well are they using your money?
Return on equity can help investors determine how adeptly management gets the job done. This metric combines how well management is expanding profitability, managing assets, and using financial leverage, all in one ratio. While return on equity isn't foolproof -- managers can manipulate it with excessive leverage, for example -- it does an excellent job of suggesting how effective managers are, and how well they can generate high returns on investors' capital.

Here's a look at Eli Lilly's recent return on equity:

Despite difficult economic conditions, Eli Lilly managed to grow return on equity beyond its five-year average. Consistently increasing return on equity suggests that management is either adept at cutting costs and managing assets, or is moving the company into new high-return areas.

How productive are their workers?
Revenue per employee provides another way to gauge a CEO's effectiveness. If this metric is declining, the company might have a bloated organizational structure, or too many extra employees toiling away at new initiatives that just aren't working out. Either possibility would hint that management isn't effectively running the organization.

Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's.

As you can see, Eli Lilly's revenue per employee has moved above its five-year average. Rising revenue per employee can suggest that management's getting better at controlling costs, or encouraging more productivity from its workers. To better see whether Eli Lilly's management is excelling in this area, let's compare the company to its peer group once again:

Company	2005	2007	2009	Last Year's Revenue Per Employee vs. 5-Year Average
Eli Lilly	$344	$459	$541	22%
Teva Pharmaceutical (Nasdaq: TEVA  )	$357	$337	$396	17%
Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY  )	$433	$372	$672	42%
Abbott Laboratories (NYSE: ABT  )	$374	$381	$421	9%

Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's. Dollar figures in thousands.

Eli Lilly's been growing its revenue per employee quite nicely, even if it doesn't top its peer group.

These are just a few of the factors we look for in a company's management. If you can find leaders who continually give shareholders high returns on their capital, and align their interests with yours, you've got a better chance to enjoy market-beating returns for the long haul.