Numbers can lie -- yet they're the best first step in determining whether a stock is a buy. In this series, we use some carefully chosen metrics to size up a stock's true value based on the following clues:
- The current price multiples.
- The consistency of past earnings and cash flow.
- The amount of growth we can expect.
Let's see what those numbers can tell us about how cheap Eastman Kodak
The current price multiples
First, we'll look at most investors' favorite metric: the price-to-earnings ratio. It divides the company's share price by its earnings per share (EPS). The lower the P/E, the better.
Then we'll take things up a notch with a more advanced metric: enterprise value to unlevered free cash flow. This tool divides the company's enterprise value (basically, its market cap plus its debt, minus its cash) by its unlevered free cash flow (its free cash flow, adding back the interest payments on its debt). As with the P/E, the lower this number is, the better.
Analysts argue about which is more important -- earnings or cash flow. Who cares? A good buy ideally has low multiples on both.
Kodak has a P/E ratio of 3.6 and an EV/FCF ratio of 4.1 over the trailing 12 months. If we stretch and compare current valuations with the five-year averages for earnings and free cash flow, we see that Kodak has a negative P/E ratio and a five-year EV/FCF ratio of 4.4.
A one-year ratio of less than 10 for both metrics is ideal. For a five-year metric, less than 20 is ideal.
Kodak has a mixed performance in hitting the ideal targets, but let's see how it stacks up against some of its competitors and industry mates.
|
Company |
1-Year P/E |
1-Year EV/FCF |
5-Year P/E |
5-Year EV/FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kodak |
3.6 |
4.1 |
NM |
4.4 |
|
VistaPrint |
28.2 |
37.3 |
42.5 |
63.9 |
|
DuPont |
13.9 |
17.4 |
17.0 |
20.6 |
|
OmniVision Technologies |
43.7 |
169.9 |
48.7 |
44.6 |
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; NM = not meaningful.
Numerically, we've seen how Kodak's valuation rates on both an absolute and relative basis. Next, let's examine …
The consistency of past earnings and cash flow
An ideal company will be consistently strong in its earnings and cash flow generation.
In the past five years, Kodak's net income margin has ranged from -21.1% to 6.8%. In that same time frame, unlevered free cash flow margin has ranged from -7.4% to 7.9%.
How do those figures compare with those of the company's peers? See for yourself:
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; margin ranges are combined.
In addition, over the past five years, Kodak has tallied up three years of positive earnings and four years of positive free cash flow.
Next, let's figure out …
How much growth we can expect
Analysts tend to comically overstate their five-year growth estimates. If you accept them at face value, you will overpay for stocks. But even though you should definitely take the analysts' prognostications with a grain of salt, they can still provide a useful starting point when compared with similar numbers from a company's closest rivals.
Let's start by seeing what this company's done over the past five years. Kodak's past unprofitability renders a trailing growth rate meaningless, but Wall Street's analysts expect future growth rates of 10.0%.
Here's how Kodak compares with its peers for trailing five-year growth:
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; EPS growth shown.
And here's how it measures up with regard to the growth analysts expect over the next five years:
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; estimates for EPS growth.
The bottom line
The pile of numbers we've plowed through has shown us how cheap shares of Kodak are trading, how consistent its performance has been, and what kind of growth profile it has -- both on an absolute and a relative basis.
The more consistent a company's performance has been and the more growth we can expect, the more we should be willing to pay. We've gone well beyond looking at a 3.6 P/E ratio.
Don't get too enamored with the five-year cash flow multiple of 4.4. Much of those cash flows were built off discontinued operations. And be careful of the current earnings multiple, too. Kodak lost money in both 2008 and 2009. Last warning -- many would call analysts' estimates of 10% growth for Kodak optimistic. given its reliance on uncertain royalty payments that are often the source of litigation.
But if you find Kodak's numbers compelling, don't stop here. Continue your due-diligence process until you're confident that the initial numbers aren't lying to you.
