R.R. Donnelley Is Better Than You Think

R.R. Donnelley (Nasdaq: RRD  ) may be better than you think.

In the daily noise machine of CNBC, analyst estimates, and quarterly announcements, investors are inundated with talking heads obsessing over earnings-per-share figures.

Earnings, or net income, is an accounting construction that is the basis for the price-to-earnings ratio, the most popular way of measuring how cheap or expensive a stock is.

But free cash flow -- the amount of cash a company earns on its operations minus what it spends on them -- is another, oftentimes more accurate measure of earnings that can give you an advantage.

How R.R. Donnelley stacks up                         
If R.R. Donnelley tends to generate more free cash flow than net income, there's a good chance earnings-per-share figures understate its profitability and overstate its price tag. Conversely, if R.R. Donnelley consistently generates less free cash flow than net income, it may be less profitable and more expensive than it appears.

This graph compares R.R. Donnelley's historical net income to free cash flow. (I omitted various gains and charges such as tax deferrals, restructurings, and benefits related to stock options.)

As you can see, R.R. Donnelley has had the tendency to produce more free cash flow than net income. This means that the standard price-to-earnings multiple investors use to judge companies may overstate its price tag.

There can be a variety of reasons to disregard such a discrepancy; for example, free cash flow can overstate earnings in businesses with volatile working capital needs, or understate earnings in high-growth companies that are reinvesting capital in the business.

Alternatively, in cases where free cash flow more accurately measures earnings, such a discrepancy can indicate a company that is more -- or less -- expensive than investors realize.

Let's examine R.R. Donnelley alongside some of its peers for additional context:

Company	Price-to-Earnings Ratio	Adjusted Price-to-Free-Cash-Flow Ratio
R.R. Donnelley & Sons	21.1	6.7
Quad/Graphics (NYSE: QUAD  )	N/A*	N/A**
McGraw-Hill (NYSE: MHP  )	14.4	10.2
Avery Dennison (NYSE: AVY  )	9.8	7.9

* Negative earnings. ** Negative free cash flow.

On a net-income basis, R.R. Donnelley appears to trade at a large premium to its printing peers (except for loss-making Quad).

However, R.R. Donnelley tends to generate considerably more free cash flow than net income, suggesting that the company might be more profitable -- and its stock much cheaper -- than many investors realize.

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