We'd all like to invest like the legendary Warren Buffett, turning thousands into millions or more. Buffett analyzes companies by calculating return on invested capital, or ROIC, in order to help determine whether a company has an economic moat -- the ability to earn returns on its money above that money's cost.
ROIC is perhaps the most important metric in value investing. By determining a company's ROIC, you can see how well it's using the cash you entrust to it and whether it's actually creating value for you. Simply put, it divides a company's operating profit by how much investment it took to get that profit. The formula is:
ROIC = net operating profit after taxes / invested capital
The nuances of the formula are explained in further detail here. This one-size-fits-all calculation cuts out many of the legal accounting tricks (such as excessive debt) that managers use to boost earnings numbers, and provides you with an apples-to-apples way to evaluate businesses, even across industries. The higher the ROIC, the more efficiently the company uses capital.
Ultimately, we're looking for companies that can invest their money at rates that are higher than the cost of capital, which for most businesses is between 8% and 12%. Ideally, we want to see ROIC above 12%, at a minimum, and a history of increasing returns, or at least steady returns, which indicate some durability to the company's economic moat.
Let's take a look at Transocean (NYSE: RIG ) and three of its industry peers, to see how efficiently they use cash. Here are the ROIC figures for each company over a few periods.
|
Company
|
TTM
|
1 Year Ago
|
3 Years Ago
|
5 Years Ago
|
| Transocean |
3.8%* |
8.8% |
14.4% |
7.9% |
| Noble (NYSE: NE ) |
3.0%** |
11.1% |
25.1% |
16.2% |
| Nabors Industries (NYSE: NBR ) |
4.4% |
2.5% |
10.3% |
13.7% |
| Diamond Offshore Drilling (NYSE: DO ) |
20.3% |
20.5% |
31.6% |
20.5% |
Source: S&P Capital IQ. TTM=trailing 12 months. *Because Transocean did not report an effective tax rate, we used its 18% rate from one year ago. **Because Nabors did not report an effective tax rate, we used its 24% rate from three years ago.
Transocean's returns on invested capital have declined steadily over the past three years and are less than half of what they were five years ago. Two of the other listed companies have also seen dramatic declines in their returns over the same time period, while Diamond Offshore shows relatively constant returns over the past five years, with the exception of a 6 percentage point spike in its returns three years ago.
Businesses with consistently high ROIC show that they're efficiently using capital. They also have the ability to treat shareholders well because they can then use their extra cash to pay out dividends to us, buy back shares, or further invest in their franchise. And healthy and growing dividends are something that Warren Buffett has long loved.
So for more successful investments, dig a little deeper than the earnings headlines to find the company's ROIC. If you'd like to add these companies to your Watchlist, click below:
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