There's a new sheriff in town in the music industry, and that's unwelcome news for Apple (AAPL -1.22%).
The rise of popular streaming services including Spotify, Pandora (P), and Alphabet's (GOOG -1.10%) (GOOGL -1.23%) YouTube have shattered the old guard in the digital music industry, which was formerly dominated by a single player -- Apple.
However, as a recent industry report demonstrates, the music industry endured a watershed moment in 2015, one entertainment and technology investors would do well to follow.
Streaming > Digital downloads
Recently, the Record Industry Association of America, or colloquially the RIAA, released its year-end 2015 analysis of the music industry. As this section's heading not-so-subtly hints, the RIAA report confirmed that 2015 saw revenue from digital streaming services eclipse digital download revenue as the largest revenue source for the music industry (see graphic).
Image source: RIAA.
All told, streaming service revenue totaled $2.4 billion, barely edging out the $2.3 produced by permanent digital downloads last year.
Among digital streaming services, paid subscription services like Spotify and Apple Music remain the clear favorites within the category, producing $1.2 billion in sales, slightly more than 50% of all digital streaming sales in 2015. SoundExchange Distributions, the second largest category in streaming music, generated $803 million. The category includes payments to rights holders from non-interactive digital music services like
Image source: RIAA.
Pandora and SiriusXM radio. Lastly, on-demand ad-supported streaming yielded $385 million in revenue in 2015. This segment includes Alphabet's YouTube, Vevo, and Spotify's ad-supported version of the services.
All told, no single form of music distribution (physical, digital, etc.) accounted for a majority of the industry's $4.95 billion in total sales last year. However, even despite the rise of its own music service, the shifting sands in the music industry clearly represent a headwind for Apple and its investors.
No longer the only game in town
The problem as it stands for Apple is that newer, more popular music services threaten its once-air-tight grip on its own ecosystem. As of its most recent estimates I could find, Apple Music badly trails Spotify in the battle for on-demand streaming users. Earlier this week, Spotify CEO Daniel Ek remarked on Twitter that the Finnish streaming start-up had officially broken the 30 million paid user mark. For context, recent estimates from Forbes state that Apple Music enjoys 11 million paying users, while the Jay-Z-backed service Tidal purportedly has 1 million subscribers.
More broadly, will the rise of successful competitors in digital music damage Apple's ability to sell iPhones? Not directly. However, I believe Apple's iOS software and app ecosystem constitute the glue that holds Apple's money machine together. Aside from great design and useful hardware, one of the primary reasons consumers keep buying iPhones is because defecting to Alphabet's Android would carry legitimate switching costs in the form of lost or incompatible data, lost content, missing music, and the like. The rise of alternative services like Spotify, Tidal, Alphabet's YouTube Red, or Pandora's upcoming streaming service all make it marginally easier for a consumer to defect from Apple to a competitor.
Alone, this continued trend isn't enough to meaningfully impact Apple. However, as a general proposition, Apple losing its grip on any aspect of its ecosystem is certainly unwelcome news for the company and its investors.
