You're likely familiar with the concept of the perfect storm. Ever since the success of Sebastian Junger's excellent book of the same name, which chronicles the convergence of three separate weather systems over the North Atlantic in 1991 -- creating one of the most violent storms on record -- the phrase has become part of our cultural landscape.
We're hearing it again these days, in part with good reason, but for the most part without.
Like many items that have seeped into cultural consciousness, this phrase has lost much of its meaning. The storm that Junger wrote about was roughly a once-in-a-century occurrence. Nowadays, no combination of events seems too trivial to be called a perfect storm. A 90-point drop in the Dow in one day? I've heard that referred to as the result of a perfect storm -- even though it happens many times per year.
A brief search on Google News reveals that within the past 48 hours, "perfect storms" were responsible for the current murder rate in Philadelphia, the current ubiquity of Harry Potter, and a slight downturn for tourism in Ontario.
And a similar weather pattern, you can be sure, lies in wait to cause problems in the stock market as well.
Actually, I believe there exists a combination of occurrences that could get us closer to a perfect storm, though that's not ultimately what I'm worried about for investors in foreign markets.
Perfect storms in the market
The two market crashes of recent history that typically spark claims of perfect storm-ism are 1987's Black Monday and the tech crash of 2000 to 2002. The 1987 crash qualifies much more closely. The 20% drop in the Dow Jones on one day actually is a rare event -- certainly in the sense that it has happened only once in this century on a standard market trading day.
The Nasdaq crash of 2000 to 2002 is a bit different -- a prolonged decline in the average, though it certainly carried a few individually breathtaking days. It was a pretty long-lasting storm, though.
What's the perfect storm on the horizon today?
Today, the combination of factors that could make for a perfect storm are (1) the extreme returns of a number of foreign markets last year, (2) the growing knowledge of those returns among investors, and (3) the rush of money moving toward those markets.
Consider first the returns of some select foreign markets in 2006, which were fueled by individual darlings such as America Movil
|
Index |
Change |
|---|---|
|
China |
121% |
|
Russia |
92% |
|
Mexico |
49% |
|
India |
47% |
|
Brazil |
33% |
Second, consider this data point: According to research produced by Evergreen Capital, when hot sectors of the market trade at historically high valuations (as some but not all of these markets now are), and massive in-flows of cash are going into the mutual funds that invest in those sectors, years of underperformance result.
Third, consider this: According to Barron's, last year, 92% of all net mutual fund in-flows went into foreign funds.
That's three things, right? Hot sectors, high valuations, and significant money in-flows? Are foreign market investors in for a perfect storm scenario, a la 1987 or Nasdaq 2000?
Well, we could have had some evidence of that last February, when the Chinese market collapsed to the tune of 9% in one day, but I think other problems lurk on the horizon.
Let's recall that the 1987 event, though it qualified as a once-in-a-century market crash, wasn't really that bad. The market had returned to September 1987 levels again by June 1989. Even those who put everything in at the top were looking at a 10% gain on their investments two years after the crash. And those who got in shortly after the crash were up 30% or more after two years.
Not so with the Nasdaq crash of 2000. Seven years later, the Nasdaq 100 Trust Shares are still less than half of their peak valuation. Major components such as TD Ameritrade
What really worries me is not that there could be a sudden, massive crash of historical nature in some market somewhere in the world. I can't predict such things, though I recently wrote that I don't think the conditions are present domestically for a market crash. What concerns me more than a once-in-a-decade or -century scenario is the very mundane type of squall that habitually crushes shareholder returns.
Think about it: The vast majority of Americans invest in the stock market by buying a mutual fund with the help of a professional financial advisor. Day in and day out, through perfect storm or sunny skies, that's what people do.
And what are the results?
A recent study (link opens a PDF file) titled, "Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Brokers in the Mutual Fund Industry," is the most detailed work ever conducted comparing the record of financial advisors with those who make their own mutual fund purchases. It shows that this country's financial advisors truly cost investors money.
Here are the results for returns for 1996 through 2002:
|
Financial advisors |
2.9% |
|
Individual investors |
6.6% |
This is consistent, by the way, with other studies of mutual fund returns to investors. Investors using financial advisors habitually realize only a fraction of mutual fund returns in their accounts, and mutual funds themselves realize a fraction of the long-term returns that the stock market provides to buy-and-hold investors.
The real perfect storm: an everyday, not once-in-a-lifetime, occurrence. That's awful. That's a consequence of the true perfect storm: poor knowledge about the costs of investing, switching strategies, chasing the hot market, and self-interested financial advisors.
We hope you do better than that over the coming decades. The costs -- and rewards -- are dramatic.
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This article was originally published on March 9, 2007. It has been updated.
Bill Barker does not own shares of any company mentioned. POSCO is an Income Investor newsletter selection. The Fool has a disclosure policy.
