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United States Cellular Corporation (USM 2.46%)
Q4Â 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Feb. 22, 2019, 10:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
See all our earnings call transcripts.
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Julie. And I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the TDS and U.S. Cellular Fourth Quarter Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session.
(Operator Instructions)
And with that, I would now like to turn the call over to Jane McCahon. Please go ahead.
Jane McCahon -- Senior Vice President-Corporate Relations
Thank you, Julie. And good morning everyone and thanks for joining us. I want to make you all aware of the presentation we've prepared to accompany our comments this morning, which you can find on the Investor Relations sections of the TDS and U.S. Cellular websites.
With me today and offering prepared comments are from U.S. Cellular, Ken Meyers, President and Chief Executive Officer; Steve Campbell, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Mike Irizarry, Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer. From TDS Telecom is Vicki Villacrez, Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer.
This call is being simultaneously webcast on the TDS and U.S. Cellular Investor Relations websites. Please see the websites for slides referred to on this call, including non-GAAP reconciliations. We provide guidance for both adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization, or OIBDA and adjusted EBIT -- adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, to highlight the contributions of U.S. Cellular's wireless partnership.
As shown on Slide 2, the information set forth in the presentation and discussed during this call contains statements about expected future events and financial results that are forward-looking and subject to risks and uncertainties. Please review the safe harbor paragraphs in our press releases and the extended version in our SEC filings. Shortly after we released our earnings and before the call, TDS and U.S. Cellular filed their SEC Forms 8-K, including today's press releases and in addition, the SEC Forms 10-K have been filed.
In terms of our upcoming IR conference schedules, Slide 3, we will be attending the Raymond James Institutional Investors Conference on March 5 in Orlando and I'm doing a Non-Deal Roadshow with B. Riley FBR in Los Angeles and San Francisco on March 27th and March 28th.
Turning to Slide 4, it's been a while since we updated our progress against our goal that we articulated back in 2013, which says we intend to invest heavily in our businesses to improve their overall competitiveness and sustainability, while at the same time providing a return to our shareholders. The ratio we stated calls for TDS to return $1.00 to shareholders for every $3.00 invested back in the business at the TDS level. Given that we have not made any significant cable acquisitions for a number of years, you can see that our returns to shareholders have exceeded that planned ratio. And to that end, this morning, we announced that we yet again raised our dividend for the 45th consecutive year.
On the accounting side of the house, we adopted ASC 842 for leases on January 1, 2019. We'll gross up the balance sheet by about $1 billion and are not expecting any impact to the income statement from its adoption.
Before I turn the call over, I want to remind everyone that even though FCC Auction 101 has ended, we are unable to respond to any questions related to any FCC Auctions and for the end of Auction 102.
And now, I'll turn the call over to Ken Meyers.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Thanks, Jane. Good morning. I appreciate everyone spending a bit of time with us today. Our remarks this morning will primarily focus on our annual results, highlighting our key achievements in 2018. Steve will then cover fourth quarter operating and financial results. I'll then turn to our strategic priorities for this year, and Mike Irizarry will discuss our 5G plans. We'll finish with Steve discussing guidance for 2019.
That said, I can't, but help myself from highlighting the successes in the fourth quarter. We reported 20,000 new handset connections, along with a 2% increase in operating revenues and a 12% increase in adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization. Even with all the fourth quarter promotional spending, it's a really good quarter and a great launching point for 2019.
Looking back at the full year, we made significant progress on our goals. Slide 6. As I've been saying all year, the shift in the basis for competition away from service pricing to device promotion has been a healthy one for the industry and one that's necessary as we look to provide the added capacity into our networks to sales by the growth in data usage, plus by unlimited plans and to fund upcoming investments in 5G.
To start, we accomplished our top priority, which was to protect and grow our customer base. Postpaid handset churn remained low, indicating exceptional levels of customer loyalty and effective promotions helped grow our handset base. Much of our success is through the introduction of our total plans, which included unlimited options. Customers love the simplicity of that offering. And as Steve will cover later, our growth in total handset customers is just part of the story as we also continue to migrate customers from feature phones to smartphones, which on average produce a higher revenue.
2018 was the first full year of selling our total plans, and the unlimited options now represent 27% of our postpaid connection base. Continuing customer adoption of unlimited plans has helped drive the increases in ARPU, which we have seen over the back half of the year. We also succeeded in driving additional revenue sources such as device protection and accessories. And roaming revenue, which increased 20%. For the second year in a row, we tightly managed cost throughout the Company, generating over $200 million in savings over two years, and we believe we have more opportunities yet in 2019. A particular note was our ability to manage network costs, given the impact from increased data usage. To put this into perspective, for the full year, data usage grew 46%, while systems operations expenses grew just 4%.
All in, adjusted earnings before income taxes and depreciation and amortization for 2018 increased 17% over the previous year. And the associated margin expanded by more than 300 basis points. Our commitment to exceptional customer service and the quality of our network has always distinguished U.S. Cellular from its competition. In 2018, we continue to invest in our network for capacity and now, we have VoLTE commercially deployed in Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Washington and Oregon. We'll complete New England and the mid-Atlantic areas in 2019. All in all, 2018 was a very successful year, with free cash flow increasing significantly to $197 million.
Now, let me turn the call over to Steve Campbell. Steve?
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Thank you, Ken. And good morning, everyone. I'll begin my comments today by talking about postpaid connections shown on Slide 7 of the presentation. Total postpaid gross additions for the fourth quarter of 2018 were 179,000, reflecting nice sequential growth for the third quarter in a row. Following a similar pattern, total postpaid net additions also improved significantly over the course of the year, with 6,000 net additions for the fourth quarter.
We ended the year with 4.5 million postpaid connections, which represented 90% of our total retail base. The majority of the improvement in both gross and net additions over the course of the year is related to handsets, which have been an area of particular focus for us. So let's review that activity next.
Postpaid handset gross additions and net additions for the fourth quarter of 2018 were 136,000 and 20,000, respectively. Again note the nice trend of improvement over the course of the year.
In addition to the net growth in handset connections, we continued to have handset customers upgrading from feature phones to smartphones, and that helps to drive more service revenue given that ARPU for a smartphone is running about $22 more than for a feature phone. Including the feature phone upgrades, total smartphone connections increased by 49,000 during the fourth quarter and 138,000 for the full year. These upgrades in the handset growth contributed to growth in service plan revenues.
Along with the growth in gross additions that we've achieved, postpaid churn has consistently been at a low level over the course of the past year, as you can see on Slide 9. Handset churn depicted by the blue bars was 1% for the fourth quarter of 2018; the same is for the year-ago quarter. Churn for connected devices was 3.2%, still somewhat elevated as the heavily discounted tablets sold in connection with various past promotions continue to roll out of contract. Total postpaid churn, combining handsets and connected devices, was 1.29% for the fourth quarter of 2018, about the same as it was a year ago.
Now let's turn to the financial results. Total operating revenues for the fourth quarter were about $1.1 billion, up $22 million or 2% year-over-year. Retail service revenues, the blue portion of the bars, increased by 2% to $663 million. The increase was due primarily to higher average revenue per user, which I'll say more about later. Inbound roaming revenue, which is included in the grey portion of the bars, was $38 million. That was an increase of 10% year-over-year, driven by higher volume.
Equipment sales revenue, the green portion of the bars, increased by $23 million or about 9% to $297 million. Factors that drove higher revenues in this area included an increase in the average revenue per device sold and the impact of the new accounting standard. Partially offsetting these increases was the impact of a decrease in the number of devices sold.
Now, I want to come back for just a minute to postpaid revenue on Slide 11. Here, note the nice consistent upward trends over the five quarters shown. The average revenue per user shown at the left in blue was $45.58 for the fourth quarter, up $1.46 or 3% year-over-year. That increase was driven by several factors, including shifts and mix to handsets and higher-priced service plans, higher device protection revenue, and the impact of the new accounting standard.
We also saw a 7% increase in average billings per user to $60.46. This metric includes equipment installment billings to show the total amount billed to customers every month. Equipment installment billings per user shown in grey continue to grow, due to increased penetration of installment contracts within our base, as well as an increase in the average billings per EIP contract. On a per account basis, average revenue and average billings grew by 1% and 5%, respectively year-over-year.
Let's move next to our profitability measures. Adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization was $170 million, up 12% from a year ago. Correspondingly, the margin as a percent of total operating revenues increased by more than 1 percentage point from 14.8% to 16.2%. For those watching service revenue margins, current quarter result was 22.6%, up 2.5 percentage points from the margin of 20.1% a year ago.
As I commented earlier, total operating revenues of $1.1 billion increased by $22 million or 2% year-over-year. Total cash expenses were $881 million, up only $4 million or less than 1% year-over-year. The main area of increase was system operations expense. The two things to keep in mind here, excluding roaming expense, system operations expense went up by 7%, actually much less than the 38% growth in total data usage on our network. And roaming expense was pretty flat year-over-year as the impact of a 28% increase in off-net data usage was offset by lower rates.
Shown next is adjusted earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization. This measure incorporates the earnings from our equity method investments, along with interest and dividend income. Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $213 million, up 13% from a year ago. Most of that improvement is due to the increase in adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization, which I just covered. We also saw increases in equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities and interest income.
Now let's turn to Slide 14 where we show our full year financial results. First, I want to point out that the adoption of the new accounting standard for revenue recognition kept very little impact on our 2018 results and therefore, on the year-to-date comparisons. For 2018, total operating revenues were reduced by about 0.3% and adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization was reduced by about 1%. Unfortunately, this is the last time that we'll need to talk about this issue.
As reported under the new standard, total operating revenues were up 2% year-over-year. On the other hand, total cash expenses were down 1% year-over-year. Excluding cost of equipment sold, which was down partly as a result of a decrease in unit sales year-over-year, the other categories of expense in aggregate were held flat, despite a 46% increase in data usage on our network, a 36% increase in off-network data usage and other inflationary pressures on other categories of costs and expenses. Driven by increased revenues and reduced expenses, adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization grew by 17% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA also grew by 17% year-over-year.
Now, I'll turn the call back to Ken for a minute.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Thanks, Steve. I'm sure everybody else is going to miss the whole discussion of rev rec accounting as much as I did going forward. Well, I want to turn the discussion now to 2019 strategic imperatives, which actually are very similar to those in '18, because why change something that's working pretty well right now.
Let me start by hitting with the first big change though. We are aggressively investing in the future competitiveness of U.S. Cellular. In the past, we may have called ourselves fast followers, but I wouldn't call as leading edge either. We will not let ourselves or customers be left behind with the turn to 5G, rather I would categorize our 5G network strategy as being in-step with the rest of the industry.
Investments that we're making now to ready our network for 5G will also provide benefits such as increased capacity and speed. Our first 5G markets will be using our 600-megahertz spectrum with the expectation that we'll be able to augment that in the future with mid- and high-band spectrum. Mike will talk more about our plans in a few minutes.
In 2019, we will also continue to work to strengthen our customer base through both customer growth and increased loyalty. We are targeting to continue to grow handset customers in 2019, while connected devices primarily (technical difficulty) tablets will continue to churn. Additionally, we will be expanding our footprint and edging out into Northern Wisconsin and Sioux City, Iowa late in the year. At the same time, we're working to increase revenues from other services like fixed wireless. Lastly, we will continue to reduce costs throughout the organization. We have been quite successful in this area over the last two years and plan to continue those efforts in 2019.
Mike, would you spend a few minutes talking about our network plans?
Michael S. Irizarry -- Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Thanks, Ken and good morning. First, a key underpinning to our strategy is network quality, ensuring our customers have a great experience whenever and wherever they use their devices. To meet this objective in 2019, we need to continue to invest in capacity to meet their ever-growing demands for data. Second, we need to continue our deployment of Voice over LTE. As Ken stated earlier, we've commercially deployed VoLTE in Iowa, Wisconsin and Northwest markets and plan to roll out VoLTE in our New England and mid-Atlantic markets this year. By the way, we are very proud of the job our associates across the organization are doing with the deployment. It's a real team effort.
We are also working with multiple carrier partners on LTE and VoLTE roaming to ensure our customers have a great experience wherever they use their devices. And our roaming and engineering teams have made great progress in this area. While much of this is a continuation of work performed in 2018, this year, we are also starting a multi-year project to modernize our whole network, so it is ready for 5G NR. The modernization projects will use various technologies, including 4x4 MIMO, LAA, 256-QAM and LTE M to bring LTE advanced features to our customers. These features improve coverage, throughput and capacity of the network.
The modernization will support and utilize our existing low-band and mid-band spectrum holdings. The equipment being deployed is an enabler for supporting future 5G bands too. We will start the deployment in our largest markets and look to commercially launch these services and 5G in those markets in 2020. By the way, the multi-year approach has served us well with previous technology deployments, specifically 4G and 3G. The work involved includes replacing the base stations with software-upgradable basebands. This means new 5G features can be incorporated with simply new software rather than a hardware replacement. It also involves moving the radios up the tower, which improves coverage and there are some minor software upgrades to our core network. We are very excited about this initiative and the foundation it puts in place for us moving forward.
And now, I'll turn it back to Ken.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Thanks, Mike. One last comment before I hand this off to Steve. I want to say that none of the great results of 2018 would have been possible without the dedication of our management team and our associates. I'm impressed everyday with their passion for excellence that enhances the experience for our customers, our communities and drives Company's success.
Now, let me turn the call back to Steve to talk about guidance.
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Okay. Thanks, Ken. The guidance for 2019 in the comparative results for 2018 are shown on Slide 16 of our presentation. Before I get into the numbers, let me address the apparent disconnect between the revenue and earnings growth rates implied by the guidance. Historically, we and the industry guided on service revenues. That's what drove earnings and cash flow since equipment sales were a wash item or in fact, a loss item. With the introduction of equipment financing plans, the new revenue recognition rules and past pricing changes, service plan revenue fell and total operating revenues was a more accurate measure of a company's growth rate.
Well, it looks like we're coming full circle now. Service revenues are starting to grow at least on a year-over-year basis, and equipment revenue is more of a wash or a flow-through item again. And so, while our total operating revenue guidance of $4.1 billion to $4.3 billion implies a growth rate of just under 6% at the midpoint, our service revenue growth rate is currently expected to be more in the range of 1% to 2% reflecting the impact of some growth in the customer base and a bit of ARPU growth offset by pricing changes on roaming.
We expect adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization to grow similarly to a range of $725 million to $875 million and adjusted EBITDA to a range of $900 million to just over $1 billion. Impacting expenses will be the network modernization project, anticipated continuation of growth in customer usage and promotional costs. For capital expenditures, the estimate is a range of $625 million to $725 million. This is a substantial increase in the pace of activity for our engineering organization. And given potential supply chain issues and competing industrywide demand, it may turn out to be not fully achievable this year. Accordingly, we'll be monitoring it closely, and we'll plan to update you each quarter.
Now, I'll turn the call over to Vicki Villacrez for the review of TDS Telecom. Vicki?
Vicki L. Villacrez -- Senior Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Okay. Thank you, Steve and good morning everyone. Overall, we are also pleased with the progress we made in 2018 and feel we are well positioned to advance our strategic objectives in 2019. Today, before I review the fourth quarter results, I would like to cover a few of our accomplishments, as well as our objectives for next year. The achievement, which are shown on Slides 18 and 19, paves the way for the 2018 results. First, we completed construction of our initial fiber market in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, which added 10,000 service addresses to our footprint, as we began our out-of-territory fiber construction in five new communities in Wisconsin, currently targeting roughly 20,000 new service addresses. We also began expanding fiber in our existing markets to cover an additional 40,000 service addresses within our ILEC footprint. By the end of 2018, we had deployed fiber-to-the-home to 26% of our wireline service addresses, up from 24%, all of which was on a bigger base.
Also in 2018, we made substantial progress on our network construction under both the A-CAM and State Broadband programs, a part of which is also fiber-to-the-home. Together, these programs will bring upgraded service to an additional 170,000 service addresses in the most rural areas of our markets. All year, we've been advocating for full funding of the A-CAM program and recent actions by the FCC have further closed the gap on the digital device by extending the A-CAM support for an additional two years. It is expected to provide a stable $80 million per year in revenue support for another 10 years. We are very pleased that the FCC shares the objective that data services are just as vital to rural communities, as they are to urban and suburban areas.
And finally, our cable segment continues to drive strong results, as we execute on our broadband strategy. Earlier in the year, we completed the roll-out of our 600-megabit speeds across much of our cable footprint and launched 1 Gig services in a test market as the first phase of fiber-to-the-home to be utilized in new subdivisions. As a result, for the full year, this focus on improving our service offerings drove a 12% increase in revenue, which along with good expense control resulted in a 29% increase in adjusted EBITDA and a 410-basis point expansion in margins to nearly 31%.
Looking ahead to 2019, on Slide 20, our objectives build on the strategic priorities we have already put in place, to continue to grow revenue, improve the customer experience and increase operational effectiveness. 2019 will also be heavily focused on executing our fiber deployment strategy, as we have identified a number of new markets for fiber builds within and outside our existing territory to drive further growth.
First, we are planning on more fiber expansion in 2019 outside of our current footprint and in addition to the new locations that are currently being built. More specifically, we have targeted fiber construction in mid-central Wisconsin to create a substantial regional cluster that incorporates several ILEC markets we currently serve in the area.
And second, we are also targeting fiber construction in an attractive growing community that has the potential to be the first of several builds to create another regional cluster outside of Wisconsin. Both of these opportunities are included in our capital guidance and are expected to substantially grow our footprint over time.
2019 also includes continued fiber construction within our current ILEC markets. When completed and combined with our out-of-territory builds, our goal is to cover approximately 34% of our footprint with fiber-to-the-home by year-end. Our A-CAM projects will continue to remain a large focus in 2019, as we look to meet our first FCC service obligation by the end of 2020.
In our cable business, we expect to build on our momentum in 2019 to further increase broadband penetration to drive revenue growth. A key part of that strategy is to continue to upgrade the network to DOCSIS 3.1 to further increase speed capabilities and enhance the customer experience.
Lastly, and to the benefit of both wireline and cable customers, we expect to launch our cloud TV platform called TDS TV+ in the second half of the year. Video is important to our customers and they tell us so. More than half of our customers surveyed in our newest fiber market in Sun Prairie. They told us they choose TDS because we had a competitive video offering.
Overall, we remain very pleased with our cable and fiber investments, and we'll continue to evaluate growth opportunities, including acquisitions throughout the year. Obviously, 2019 is going to be a year heavily focused on execution, building our foundation for revenue growth in 2020 and beyond.
Switching to our quarterly results on Slide 21. TDS Telecom grew consolidated revenues 1% due to strong growth in cable revenues, which was partially offset by the continued decline in wireline revenues. Cash expenses increased 5% mostly in our wireline operations, which resulted in adjusted EBITDA decreasing 3% in the quarter. Capital expenditures increased substantially to $91 million due to our fiber initiatives, but still left us under our capital guidance for the year.
Now, let's turn to our segments, beginning with wireline on Slide 22. We continue to meet the demands of our customers for higher broadband speeds and IPTV services by leveraging the fiber deployments we have made. Our network investments are driving positive results as shown in the metrics on the bottom of the slide. Wireline residential video connections grew 11%, adding 5,400 connections compared to the prior year. And on average, our IPTV markets continued to achieve about 30% video penetration levels.
Over 80% of our IPTV customers are on triple-play bundles. In addition, churn on these bundles continue to remain very low. Our residential customers continue to choose higher speeds of up to 1 Gig in our fiber markets, and approximately one-third of all our customers are now taking 50-megabit services or greater, that's compared to a 25% a year ago, helping to drive a 3% increase in average residential revenue per connection.
Looking at the wireline financial results on Slide 23, total revenues decreased 2%. However, residential revenues increased 2%, due primarily to growth from video and broadband connections, as well as growth from within the broadband product mix. Partially offsetting this growth is a 6% decrease in ILEC residential voice connection, as we expected. Commercial revenues decreased 8%, primarily driven by lower CLEC sales, as we refocused to pursue commercial fiber opportunities primarily in Wisconsin.
Wholesale revenues decreased 1%, due to continued declines in special access and other regulatory revenues, partially offset by increased support received under the A-CAM program. In total, A-CAM support was $21 million in the quarter and $86 million for the year. Wireline cash expenses increased 6%, due to higher video programming fees and contractor charges related to network maintenance, including weather-related repair costs. As a result, wireline adjusted EBITDA decreased 13%.
Turning to Slide 24. Our cable segment continued to perform very well. Total cable connections grew 7% to over 336,000, driven by a 9% increase in total broadband connections. As a result, broadband penetration increased 300 basis points to 43% in these growing markets.
On Slide 25, total cable revenues increased 11% to $60 million, driven primarily by growth in residential connections. Cash expenses increased 1% due to increased cost of providing legacy service, primarily higher video programming costs. Lower employee-related expenses and general and administrative expenses compensated for the increased service costs. As a result, cable adjusted EBITDA increased $6 million to $20 million in the quarter, expanding margins to 33.1%.
Now, I'll turn to our guidance shown on Slide 26. We are forecasting combined wireline and cable revenues of $900 million to $950 million, compared to $927 million in 2018. For wireline, the growth in broadband and video and contributions from new fiber markets are more than offset by the continued declines in commercial revenues and residential voice revenues. We also expect total wholesale revenues to decrease with continued declines in special access and intercarrier compensation, as A-CAM funding is expected to remain equal to our 2018 levels.
We expect cable revenue growth in the high-single-digits, reflecting continued strong growth in broadband. Adjusted EBITDA is forecast to be within a range of $290 million to $320 million, compared to $313 million in 2018. Contributions from wireline broadband and IPTV growth initiatives and cable, as well as cost reductions will help offset pressures in the legacy wireline business and expected fiber expansion costs. Capital expenditures, including carryover of $35 million from 2018 fiber builds, are expected to be between $300 million and $350 million in 2019, compared to $232 million in 2018.
While we underspent our capital guidance in 2018, we intend to partner with both national and regional fiber builder contractors to be able to meet this aggressive capital expansion this year. Wireline CapEx guidance includes $155 million dedicated to in- and out-of-territory fiber deployments, as well as $40 million in success-based spending for both wireline and cable and $30 million earmarked for A-CAM program.
I'd like to close by saying that the investments we are making are intended to be transformative to the company and its future. And I'd like to thank all of our employees for the hard work toward these long-range projects and at the same time, staying focused on providing excellent customer service.
Thank you, and I now turn the call over to Jane.
Jane McCahon -- Senior Vice President-Corporate Relations
Thanks. And briefly, I'd like to say a few words on our HMS business before we go to questions. Equipment revenues were up in the quarter with some slight -- with total operating revenues declining slightly as service revenues declined due to churn and compression. OneNeck continued to add to make good progress on sales adding new logos in the quarter, and we are pleased to see strategic revenues like cloud revenues grow. OneNeck continues to implement additional cost saving program to improve its cost structure in 2019.
And now Julie, we'd like to open the call for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
We will now begin the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions) Your first question comes from Philip Cusick with JPMorgan. Please, go ahead. Your line is open.
Reed Kern -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Hi, this is Reed for Phil. Thanks for taking my question. On the USM side, if you could expand on the additional opportunities and cost savings you mentioned recognizing the data consumption growth, how are you seeing your network investments coming through and helping cost of service side. And then, maybe how the success has been on the unlimited payback plans? Thanks.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Okay. As we start the modernization, there's actually some costs associated that they go through the P&L as you got about a third of our cell sites that we lease, so you have modifications, actually some cost there. But what it does is, you have significant impact on reducing the costs per bit going forward. Additionally, what the team has actually done over the last year is change a lot of the backhaul cost structure in the business, which has been a huge, huge savings for us.
Going forward, there is actually an internal team. It's led by Steve Campbell. That's going through the whole organization. And so, there isn't an area that that isn't being looked at as we do the cost work. And we've had savings in each functional area. Over the last two years, I would expect there's still opportunity in all of the functional areas going forward yet.
With respect to the unlimited plans with payback, really pleased with it. The unlimited offering we have out there comes with payback. And so, what it really is, it removes a barrier to people that are on the fence, do I need unlimited or not. Well, if you don't need it, you don't pay for it, but what we see is as they quickly continue to adapt their lifestyle and their usage pattern and grow to where they need it. We are seeing a lot of credits related to that, but it's only -- again, it's only been out there a short period of time. I'd like to see six months before we really start talking about a lot of numbers around it.
Unidentified Participant -- -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Ric Prentiss with Raymond James. Please, go ahead. Your line is open.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everybody.
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Hi, Ric.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Hey. Couple of quick ones first actually. Ken, on Slide 8, you showed obviously really nice progression in the net adds on postpaid phones, but also it does show 1Q '18 was negative and 1Q '18 had kind of lower gross adds. I understand the goal for the year is to add handset growth, but is there some seasonality we should be aware of as we look into 2018 -- sorry, 2019?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Yeah. And I think if we look back over the last many years, the combination of fourth quarter has been strong and we've called field sales pull-through, combined with a heavy leaning toward prepaid market in the first quarter and historically, we've seen an iconic device that gets launched right at the end of the first quarter, which tends to kind of delay things in the quarter.
So, we've seen a lot of seasonality in the last few years, and I don't -- if I think about prepaid this year, I think about delayed tax returns, I think about a launch that isn't going to be available for another couple of weeks. It kind of shapes up the same way.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. And obviously sitting here in February, you got a pretty good view of what 1Q is looking like. Okay. I think Steve, you also mentioned, when you were talking about the revenue growth rate for service revenues, something about price changes for roaming, could you elaborate a little bit on that?
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Yeah, what we've seen use rates per megabyte coming down as we've continued to negotiate better rates in those contracts. So, in terms of data, the growth is, as we've said, pretty explosive, 30%, 40% per year. But the rates per megabyte, as we've transitioned from 3G to predominantly 4G and even a little bit of VoLTE now, the rates are much low. So, we'll get the benefit of that going forward.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
And that's really consistent. That's consistent with what we've been talking about in the cost to produce the megabit, right? If you we think about all the savings we saw last year (inaudible) to produce and therefore being sold and purchased among carriers at a lower price.
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
I just wanted to add, of course, that has an impact on roaming revenue too. We're seeing a lot higher usage, but those rates, since they're generally reciprocal, are coming down. And so, in my guidance comments, I mentioned that when you look at the growth rate and service revenue, we'd expect there to be some downward pressure on roaming revenue to result at lower rates.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Like you said, it's reciprocal. Okay. Two more quick ones from me. Any evidence of T-Mobile building out into your markets or AT&T FirstNet?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Yeah, there is activity. I'd call it on the construction side that we've seen for the last couple of years. In the market place, we haven't seen any change in dynamics at all at this point. And more importantly than what they're doing is what we continue to do to make sure that our networks are strong and vibrant that we are doing work on customer relations, strengthening, both the offering in our relationship with our customers. So, they're going to do what they're going to do, we're going to worry about our customers.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Makes sense. Final one from me. A lot of color on 5G, appreciate that. Mike touched on it. When you think about launching 5G and your larger markets using the low-band 600-megahertz first, what kind of speeds can you produce with the 600-megahertz? And then, what could you get the speeds up to on a fixed wireless basis, if you augment with mid and high? Just trying to understand what type of 5G flavor we're taking of?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Oh man, what a complex multi-part question because it depends upon -- in different markets, we've got different portfolios of spectrum that especially when we talk about fixed wireless device that's bigger in size, you can put more antennas and everything else, we can use more of it, aggregate more of it, you're going to have license-assisted LAA available. So, as we think about early fixed wireless, we are still -- to be clear, we're still talking about more of a rural play where we're at the end of the line from a cable perspective. But as we start to augment with mid-band and high-band, then I think we're talking about a more suburban fixed wireless, but that's probably a couple of years off.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. And with the 600 megahertz, what kind of speed could you get off of 600 megahertz?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
It depends how -- yeah, you are talking network dynamics, how fill there.
Michael S. Irizarry -- Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Right. I mean, signal strength, whether use in the external antenna or not. I mean, we're thinking about, we're going to do it together with LTE Advanced. So, 5G on 600 megahertz with LTE Advanced features, LAA what Ken mentioned will give a nice pickup to the customers in terms of speed of what they're getting now.
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. Obviously, a lot of interest on what 5Gs are looking like in fixed wireless and look forward to you guys starting to roll it out.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Thanks.
Operator
Simon Flannery with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Simon Flannery -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great. Thank you. Good morning. Just continuing on the 5G, if I could -- can. When you talk about the CapEx plan for this year, I think you talked about some potential supply chain issues, but should we think about this as being a one, two-year build or how long do you think it will take to kind of get the network 5G ready? And then we talked about fixed wireless, is there -- is that the main use case that you see for 5G or is this augmenting capacity for traditional mobile services B2B? What are the other use cases that you're interested in right now? Thank you.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Okay. Let's go to the first one, which was
Simon Flannery -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
CapEx.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Yeah, so this year, as I said, we really got three things in there. You've got continuation of VoLTE, you've got capacity and you've got 5G. By the end of this year, most of the VoLTE stuff is done, but if we -- as we push 5G throughout the whole network, we'll probably be up fully or at higher levels than we've historically run for the next few years, one. Now why do it? Lots of reasons. First, it absolutely has a change in the cost of usage going forward that of it by itself, but what's interesting is, when we started down this path with 5G as an industry, we believe we talked about revenue and that we are closer to doing it. We switched, we're starting to talk about cost and that's because some of the revenues are a little bit longer developing what we see today. And when -- and what I see today, at least, is one fixed wireless is a consumer product, that is near to mid-term, is in terms of, from time to roll-out to when you start -- you can start to deliver. I mean, once we start turning on 5G, you'll be able to do some fixed wireless at a decent competitive speed off-pick -- right away at the get go.
A lot of the other things are longer, the industrial stuff or the government stuff is a longer lead time sales cycle, right. We're starting to work on those now. But they are longer lead time. And I was recently in a meeting with people we are talking about this, and there was this discussion of the lower visibility of kind of the revenue side right now. And one of the people in the room pointed out that conversation isn't a lot different than the conversation that we had when we started the 3G to 4G conversion that it wasn't really clear what it was. But if you were to look back today at all the businesses that have been enabled, by the technology change, pre-4G, you didn't talk about Uber and Lyft and data usage at the levels that we've seen, and what 5G does is it gives us a whole new technology base that is going to both change the consumer experience as well as enable a lot of industrial and societal changes going forward. So I'm excited about it.
Simon Flannery -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great, that's very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Zack Silver with B. Riley. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you for taking my question. The first one on U.S. Cellular is, can you help us size what the agile opportunity is in Sioux City and Northern Wisconsin and as you kind of go forward with your VoLTE roll-out, do you see potential opportunities to kind of expand your existing footprint?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
So first off, if I look at that one and -- I don't know under 0.5 million people live in the areas that we will be building out right now. But it's something we haven't done in quite a few years. These are both markets that are immediately adjacent to very strong high market share markets. So we think it's just a natural. And the other -- there are other areas where there we have licenses that could not be built out with a voice product before VoLTE. Quite frankly, there wasn't CDMA, which they will use for voice available for 600 megahertz and 700 megahertz. We will continue to look at other adjacencies with our licenses. So it's not in our planning to be looking at keep picking (ph) on poor Phoenix, but something that is completely outside of our current footprint just because there's a license for sale there. We will stay close to where we're at.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks, Ken. And then one on the TDS side for Vicki. Can you talk about -- maybe give us an update on how the penetration rates are tracking in the new Madison markets? And then I guess the second one would be, how do you -- are you seeing anything developing in cable M&A pipeline?
Vicki L. Villacrez -- Senior Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. First, let's talk about our out-of-territory fiber builds and I'll start with Sun Prairie. We're just a little over a year into that market. And as I said, we're really pleased with the results we're seeing. They are exceeding our business case and our expectations in those markets. So, broadband penetration is exceeding 50% and video penetration is roughly around 25%. And we're also really pleased with our commercial successes that we're seeing in those markets.
So I said, right now, we're currently under way building in five new communities around the Dane County area. We expect to begin to launch the first of those five markets in March. And right now, we've been doing the same kind of pre-selling that we did in Sun Prairie, and we're seeing very similar reaction from the markets that we saw in Sun Prairie. So that's giving us confidence that we're going to be successful in those markets as well. And then of course, I also announced that we are expanding our capital in 2019 to include the beginning of building some new regional areas in mid-central Wisconsin as well as looking at an opportunity outside of Wisconsin. So more to come, as we move forward there.
The other question was around cable acquisitions. We certainly are keeping our pipeline active and looking at opportunities as they come. But having said that, we definitely have to make the price work. The acquisition has to work and fit well strategically within our footprint. And this is why we like our fiber deployment strategy. It gives us growth choices, and we think of the fiber investment like we would in acquisition. And without any viable acquisitions in cable at this point in time, we're going to continue to move forward on our broadband fiber deployment strategy.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you very much.
Operator
Sergey Dluzhevskiy. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Sergey Dluzhevskiy -- Gabelli & Company -- Analyst
First question for Ken on the fixed wireless and you already talked a little bit about fixed wireless, but maybe if you could elaborate what fixed wireless means for you right now? I guess, on 4G and where do you see it going on 5G, looking at your markets where you think it will be most relevant and what kind of opportunity in terms of revenues you see for fixed wireless use case down the road?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Hello, Sergey. Today, fixed wireless is a stand-alone product in the more rural areas. And currently, it is only operating off of a internally -- internal to the house antenna device. We are in the process of actually doing field testing around external mount antennas, which make it actually improve coverage, improve speed and mix it truly much more of a fixed wireless application. We will be continuing those field installation trials over the next couple of months.
And then, as we complete our modernization -- network modernization program in '19, we will be meaningfully increasing the speed and performance as well as the coverage. They will be available in that. So I see start late this year when we probably get to step on the gas there a little bit more when the modernization work takes place. It is primarily a broadband or data product today. We don't have a -- our own separate video. I mean, our customers are used to getting most of this over the top anyhow. But as the market opportunity evolves as the network improves, then we'll be looking at other video opportunities and quite frankly, when we do that, we've got a company and house that's doing it well today.
Sergey Dluzhevskiy -- Gabelli & Company -- Analyst
Great. And as a follow-up to previous question on other 5G use cases, so fixed wireless is obviously something that you see as near to medium-term opportunity, out of, I guess, dozens of other use cases that are out there. Longer term, which ones maybe -- if you could name one or two that you think could be most relevant to your markets and could be coming a fixed wireless? Which ones are closer to us rather than more in the future?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Oh, you're asking me to tell you -- kind of throw a dart here. The fact of the matter is that how dense high use areas I think are what are going to be the first to move. So I think about our footprint and all the universities that we have, the arenas that go with those universities, those are probably some of the early fertile grounds.
Sergey Dluzhevskiy -- Gabelli & Company -- Analyst
Right. And my last question is for Vicki. You mentioned that you are planning to build a new cluster in mid-central Wisconsin and also outside of Wisconsin, could you maybe tell us more about those markets, about their characteristics? What do you like about them and maybe also for markets outside of Wisconsin, how different or how similar are they to the markets that you already pursue?
Vicki L. Villacrez -- Senior Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Let's start with the mid-central Wisconsin cluster. Number one, we've got several small ILECs in the area and that is allowing us to really cluster and leverage some of our employees and our presence and our brand in those areas, but we're really targeting markets that are contiguous, they have growth characteristics and they have a nice demographics that I think our superior services that will be providing with fiber appeal to them. And so, that is the focus in mid-Wisconsin. And I think we've been working upfront with some of the cities to get their support and understand that these areas are underserved. They do not have upgraded services, and there is no current fiber overbuild presence in that area.
As I think about outside of Wisconsin and I'm not going to really disclose that right now as you can understand they don't want to tip my hand from a competitive standpoint, but equally, we are looking for attractive growing areas. So if you think about some of the cable markets and the acquisitions we made there, these are in communities that are growing at a faster rate than the average growth rate -- household growth rate in the US and have the similar and even higher attractive demographics that will buy up our premium services that we're providing. So we'll share more as we move forward in 2019.
Sergey Dluzhevskiy -- Gabelli & Company -- Analyst
Thank you.
Jane McCahon -- Senior Vice President-Corporate Relations
So, operator, we have time for one more quick question.
Operator
Your next question comes from Michael Rollins with Citi. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Michael Rollins -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Hi, thanks for taking the question. Couple, if I could, first, what are you seeing -- (multiple speakers). Yes, so what are you seeing from your customer behavior with respect to the proportion of mobile data traffic that's on your network versus the roaming networks? And has that changed much over the last few years?
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
No. Yes, it's definitely Mike. We've talked about for years how -- I don't know, 5%, 6%, 7% of our customers usage was off network. And as their total usage has increased and (inaudible) that goes back to way back when in -- with voice. And when data came along, it's about the same thing and now with data exploding, it's still about the same thing. In the other words, so our address -- our customer base hasn't changed that much in terms of who they are and how they are using it in terms of the amount of travel they do, hasn't changed. They still travel, they still take vacations, they still go to different cities for business, but it's staying down in that single-digit in terms of total percentage of uses. But clearly as usage -- data usage is up 46% year-over-year, you'd see their usage off-network up the same way.
Michael Rollins -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Thanks very much.
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Thank you. Appreciate your time to everybody.
Operator
I will turn the call back over to the presenters.
Jane McCahon -- Senior Vice President-Corporate Relations
We'd like to thank everybody for their time today and look forward to speaking with you soon.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation, and you may now disconnect.
Duration: 66 minutes
Call participants:
Jane McCahon -- Senior Vice President-Corporate Relations
Kenneth R. Meyers -- President, Chief Executive Officer & Director
Steven T. Campbell -- Chief Financial Officer & Executive Vice President
Michael S. Irizarry -- Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Vicki L. Villacrez -- Senior Vice President-Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Reed Kern -- JPMorgan Chase & Co. -- Analyst
Unidentified Participant -- -- Analyst
Ric Prentiss -- Raymond James & Associates, Inc. -- Analyst
Simon Flannery -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Zack Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Sergey Dluzhevskiy -- Gabelli & Company -- Analyst
Michael Rollins -- Citigroup -- Analyst
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