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United Therapeutics Corp (UTHR -0.07%)
Q4Â 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Feb. 27, 2019, 9:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
See all our earnings call transcripts.
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning and welcome to United Therapeutics Corporation Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2018 Earnings Call. My name is Nicole and I'll be your conference operator today. All participants will be on a listen-only mode until the question and answer portion of this earnings call. (Operator Instructions).
I will now to turn the conference over to James Edgemond, Chief Financial Officer of United Therapeutics.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you. Good morning. It is my pleasure to welcome you to the United Therapeutics Corporation Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2018 Earnings call. Accompanying me on today's call are Dr. Martine Rothblatt, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Michael Benkowitz, our President and Chief Operating Officer. And in addition, we are pleased to welcome to this earnings call, Dr. Jim White, Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center and a steering committee member for the FREEDOM-EV study of Orenitram. Dr. White will be available during the question-and-answer portion of the earnings call to answer questions regarding data from the FREEDOM-EV study.
Remarks today will include forward-looking statements, representing our expectations or beliefs regarding future events. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. Our latest SEC filings including Form 10-K and 10-Q will contain additional information on these risks and uncertainties. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements. Today's remarks may also include financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in our earnings release available on our website at www.unither.com.
Today's remarks may discuss the progress and results of clinical trials and other developments with respect to our products. These remarks are intended solely to educate investors and are not intended to serve as the basis for medical decision-making or to suggest that any products are safe and effective for any unapproved or investigational usage. Full prescribing information for the products is available on our website.
Our earnings call this morning will be divided into two sections. During the first section of this earnings call, Dr. Rothblatt, will provide an overview of the fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results and business activities of United Therapeutics and then we will transition to the question and answer portion of the teleconference for Dr. Rothblatt, Mr. Benkowitz and myself on our fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results and business activity. We will then transition to the second section of this earnings call and I will introduce Dr. White to discuss the FREEDOM-EV clinical study and then transition to the question and answer portion of the teleconference for Dr. White, Mr. Benkowitz and myself.
Now I will turn the call over to Dr. Rothblatt for an overview of the fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results and business activities of United Therapeutics.
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, James. And good morning everybody. Welcome to our 2018 fourth quarter and annual results conference call. As James indicated, the agenda for this call will be from 9.00 to 9:30, I'll review the financial results and our business activities and joining me for that review will be Mike Benkowitz, our President and James Edgemond, our Chief Financial Officer. During this first half hour after I complete few introductory remarks, we'll have questions and answers that can be directed to either myself, Michael or James. At 9:30, I'm going to turn the chairmanship of the call over to James Edgemond who will introduce Dr. Jim White and Jim White -- led by Jim White and supported by Mike Benkowitz and James Edgemind who will review the FREEDOM-EV study and its implications for United Therapeutics. We are very honored to have Dr. White with us on this call. He is one of the top tier key opinion leaders in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension and has been a member of the steering committee for the FREEDOM-EV study.
2018 was a truly transformative year for United Therapeutics. We signed four major agreements to acquire new product candidates, including an in-licensing agreement for Ralinepag, representing our largest deal to date. At the same time, we continue to execute against our existing commercial and clinical goals, including successful readout of our FREEDOM-EV clincial trial, significant progress toward near term Phase 3 readouts for our BEAT and DISTINCT studies and an increase to a record number of patients being treated with our treprostinil therapy.
Let me now go to the numbers. Our revenues declined to $381 million in fourth quarter 2018 from $465 million in fourth quarter '17, reflecting a loss of Adcirca exclusivity, but our profits grew to $65 million in fourth quarter '18 from $19 million in fourth quarter '17. We ended the calendar-year 2018 with net income of $13.39 per diluted share, compared with only $9.31 per diluted share at the end of 2017.
Let me now review our late-stage clinical pipeline. As mentioned earlier, we expect to unblind our BEAT and DISTINCT studies this year. BEAT is the Phase III study of a potent oral prostacyclin analogue called esuberaprost, taken in combination with our Tyvaso product. It is the morbidity-mortality study and if successful would significantly lengthen the period of time our patients are able to use Tyvaso. We expect that this could grow our Tyvaso patients to between 5,000 and 10,000 cases. DISTINCT is a Phase III study of our monoclonal antibody dinutuximab for small cell lung cancer. Of note, with regard to dinutuximab is that we in-licensed the humanized form of it from St. Jude and should have that product ready for its own testing next year. Now in addition to these two near-term readouts, we also have four other Phase 3 trials in which we advance enrollment to the point that we expect that they to will fully enroll within the next 24 months. Each of them would open up many thousands of new patients for United Therapeutics.
The first of these is called INCREASE, which is of a test of pulmonary hypertension in the context of interstitial lung disease and this is a form of pulmonary hypertension called GROUP 3 pulmonary hypertension for which there will be the very first approved therapy. The second study, which is also Phase 3 nicely enrolling, is called the PERFECT Study and that study is occurring in COPD, specifically testing COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension. It too occurs in this large Group 3 segment of pulmonary hypertension. Several tens of thousands of patients suffering from this and the two would be the very first therapy available for Group 3 pulmonary hypertension patients with COPD.
The third Phase 3 trial, which we're undertaking right now is called SOUTHPAW and this is the trial of our oral agent Orenitram in heart failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Again a wide-open area of pulmonary hypertension for which there is not a single approved therapy. This is called by the World Health Organization Group 2 pulmonary hypertension. And the fourth Phase 3 trial going on right now is called SAPPHIRE, which is for drug-resistant pulmonary hypertension as it is an autologous gene therapy treatment that these patients would be able to take, bascially, once every three months and perhaps even a little bit longer. Patients would go into the doctor's office for an infusion of their own cells that have been transfected with a gene that improves those cells' functionality in a bio chemical pathway that place the natural history and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We turn the patient's own cells into a microscopic medicine factory to help them combat pulmonary hypertension, two in orphan study designs.
Well, before I turn it over to questions and answers, I'd like to also mention several developments relating to our drug delivery systems. First, we find the commercial agreement with Medtronic for the implantable system for Remodulin that will augment by many hundreds the number of patients that can benefit from intravenous Remodulin. Second, we are preparing to submit regulatory approvals of Trevyent and RemUnity to provide two expanded options for patients on subcutaneous Remodulin. Taken together, these three devices should propel (technical difficulty) the range of 5,000 to 10,000 cumulative range mentioned and in addition to the range mentioned for Tyvaso previously.
Next, we are also advancing two brand new forms of Tyvaso drug delivery; a dry powder system from MannKind and a liquid MDI called(ph)Spiriva from Medscape . As you can see from all of these results, it's been a transformative year for United Therapeutics. We have never had a more activity both in the clinic with patients going on to our treprostinil therapy. And in terms of clinical trials with all of these different Phase 3 trials in the met unblinding and new technologies for the delivery of our drug to make the life and hopefully, the efficacy and the duration of activity for all of our agents longer and more beneficial to our patients.
With this introductory remarks behind us, I'd like to ask the operator to kindly now open up the phones for any questions related to all of the areas I covered for myself, Mike Benkowitz and James Edgemond. If you have questions relating to the Freedom-EV study, please hold those until 9.30, you can get freshly back in the queue at that time and you have the benefit of hearing Dr. White's expert review of the Freedom-EV readout.
Operator, you can open up the lines for any questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) And our first question comes from Carter Gould from UBS. Your line is now open.
Unidentified Participant -- -- Analyst
Hi, (inaudible) for Carter. Thanks for taking our questions. Could you talk about the evolving payor attitude engaged and how that might impact how you're thinking about your pipeline assets. Maybe put another way, should we expect payor purchase engage to evolve with new launches and what do you anticipate payor purchase space will look like in the next three to five years?
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, (inaudible) interesting question, thanks for asking it. I think the person probably most qualified to answer that question would be Mike Benkowitz, our President. He oversees all of the individuals, very talented individuals in our Company who interface on a regular basis with the payers called out our strategic operations group. And Mike, if you could perhaps provide your perspective the evolving payer landscape.
Michael Benkowitz -- President & Chief Operating Officer
Sure, thanks Martine. Yeah, I think it is an interesting question, a one that we are certainly keeping an eye on. There certainly seems to be a lot of energy and a lot of concern at the federal government level about reining in the cost of prescription drug prices and a lot of different proposals being, I guess bandied about and considered and so yeah, I think our approach right now is certainly to keep an eye on those things. See what eventually evolves. I think it's hard to predict at this point exactly what's going to happen because there are so many different proposals and approaches that are, as I said, being bandied about. I think as it relates to our medicines and to PAH, I think we have certainly expense of therapies, but I think we also have a responsibility to make sure that we're being mindful of the cost of those therapies and so historically, we've been really modest in our approach as and when price increases. Last year, we took a price increase for Remodulin. That was the first time we've done that in eight years. Our price increases with respect to other drugs are typically mid to low single digits and we think we just -- we have a responsibility to make sure that we keep our drug prices affordable. We also do a number of other things to assist patients that can't afford our drugs. We have I think a very competitive and generous patient assistance program. We offer co-pay cards for patients to help them with their financial obligation and so while the government is certainly paying a lot of attention to this and we'll keep an eye on that and respond to quarterly once there is a proposal or a bill to react to, we're continuing to do the things that we think are right -- appropriate for the PAH community.
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Thanks so much, Mike and thank you for the question from UBS. Operator, could you please bring on the next question from the queue.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Hartaj Singh from Oppenheimer & Company. Your line is now open.
Hartaj Singh -- Oppenheimer & Company -- Analyst
Great, thank you for the question. I just had a question on dinutuximab. I know that you're going to have the readout later this year, there is a study recruited close to 500 patients in the disease, you're looking at small cell lung cancer. I guess my question is, you know, it took about a year and half to recruit the patients, that's a pretty big study. Could you just give us some color around recruitment and it's a tough to treat disease and then what could the readouts have looked like just primary and the secondary endpoints. How would you -- how do we sort of expect to see a press release to look like? Thank you.
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks so much for the question. Absolutely, none of the three of us are really specifically a medical or scientific expert on small cell lung cancer. So it will be kind of, as a 30,000-foot level that I'll provide an answer to the question. The study was enrolled with our CRO partner called Precision Oncology and they have a tremendous worldwide network of oncology centers. So the study, although it was a large study for us, we felt it enrolled relatively quickly. And we've been very pleased with Precision Oncology work on that. Before we went into small cell, Precision Oncology did an exhaustive analysis based on the number of in-vitro and analytic markers that they have in terms of what would be the most promising next target for dinutuximab after its existing approval for neuroblastoma.
And basically, the dashboard was very strongly green for go in terms of small-cell lung cancer. So we felt optimistic and strong about doing that. The heat map was in its favor. So we launched into the study. I think the fact that it enrolled relatively rapidly is a positive sign. I do believe we've passed all of the DMSP type of gateway. So the only thing that we're waiting for now is unblinding and I believe the current timing for that would be in the second half of this year, hopefully, the earlier part of that second half, and we still want this optimistic enough that as I mentioned in my introductory remarks we went ahead and in-licensed a humanized form of dinutuximab which the agents were testing as a kinetic mAb.
So I'm really hopeful that this humanized form can reduce the side effect profile associated with the kinetic form and both expand the neuroblastoma market larger for us. Also of course, we'll have to do a comparability study from the humanized to the kinetic but also allow us to be including effective and even more attractive option in the small-cell lung cancer market. And we're also working with Precision now to line up a third target for this GD2 targeting antibody. And the third target, which is currently looking most attractive is glioblastoma multi-form.
So we are investing a lot in this platform Hartaj. As I mentioned, we've built up a manufacturing facility it should -- for the humanized form. It should go into operation by the end of this year and hopefully, before the end of next year, we'll have drug product that we can move into at minimum, a new trial for neuroblastoma, hopefully, also an additional trial for(ph)Odessa comparability study for small cell and super exciting would be if we could go into TDM as well.
Thanks so much for the focus on the dinutuximab and operator, you can queue up the next question.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Terence Wang from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.
Unidentified Participant -- -- Analyst
Hey guys, this is Jason on for Terence, had a quick Freedom-EV question but it's less from the clinical side, more from the Company side, have you seen any initial impact on prescribing trends or patient mix following the Freedom-EV readout?
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks Jason. I'm going to ask you to get back in the queue because that question, you will have a much more intelligent answer to that question after you hear Dr. White's expert review of Orenitram intersects with the disease and he was a presenter at the top tier Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Conference just last month. So if you would just kindly get back in queue, I'm confident we'll be able to pick up your question in next half hour. Operator, next question.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Liana Moussatos from Wedbush Securities. You're now. Your line is now open.
Liana Moussatos -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst
Thank you. After BEAT readouts in assuming it's positive because Esuberaprost isn't approved and it's being tested in combination with Tyvaso, are there any extra regulatory or clinical steps you need before you would submit an NDA?
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it's a great question Liana and the answer is no, because we have a really awesome clinical team that's been working on in terms of the CMC portion of the filing and the clinical portion, the (inaudible) like the medical portion. So everything possible has been done so that we could get that filing submitted in actually record time for our Company after a Phase 3 study. For example, like in the industry, six months is like kind of a typical time period to submit an NDA after the study is unblinded. We are aiming for three months on the B trial and there are no additional studies, no additional -- anything other than putting together the NDA during the three-month period and as mentioned just a moment ago, we're already beginning to put together a parts of that NDA.
The exciting thing about Esuberaprost is that we are manufacturing it ourselves. And as you many know it is a very complex drug manufactured because it's just a single isomer, the single effective isomer of an otherwise ischemic molecule beraprost. And even our great partners in Japan employed, the greatest chemical companies in the world was not able to manufacture the single isomer Esuberaprost form of the drug, which then had a very, but we were able to do that and that's the drug that we're using, that's a drug we'll hop on stability and that's a drug that we would get approved. So our hope is that we would unblind let's say in the second quarter of this year Liana, and then let's say that we could get this NDA filed before the fourth quarter of this year. And all of that crossing fingers and toes that there is no hold up at the FDA that would lead us to have a commercial launch of that drug in 2020.
Now, it's actually for me, one of the most exciting drugs that we will ever launch because I am always like we're always thinking about the patients at United Therapeutics and unfortunately, you know taking care of a patient with a generally fatal condition is tricky as can be and the saints in our industry are the Doctor Whites who undergo the complex algorithms of sticking exactly which agent to give which patient at what time with what dose, et cetera, et cetera. But the interesting thing about BEAT and Esuberaprost, if it's being tested on top of Tyvaso which is as you mentioned already approved and there is already lots and lots of patients using Tyvaso. So I believe that this could be the first drug that has what I like to call a kind of hockey stick takeup because if you are on Tyvaso and if we can prove that adding Esuberaprost to Tyvaso reduces your morbidity and mortality. Then it's like an immediate no brainer. So like if you're patient is on Tyvaso, you got to add them on Esuberaprost, you get like a hockey stick uptake and that's what I am hoping for.
Operator, next question please.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Martin Ulster from Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.
Martin Ulster -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Hey guys, thanks for taking the question. Martine, prior to you licensing of Ralinepag, Arena Pharma had talked about including an addition to the 3 pivotal studies head to head study of Ralinepag versus selexipag to look at PVR hemodynamic changes. Just curious if that's a clinical trial path you're still thinking about evaluating and if so when those data might be available? Thanks.
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Martin, good to hear your voice. Yeah, that's a really insightful question. So the individual who's in charge of our clinical development around that, Dr. Lee Peterson, she will she will analyze all of those different possibilities of like the head-to-head trial and she together with her team and our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Gil Golden, they'll all come to a consensus as to when or whether that would be a good study to do. In the meantime, what we found very attractive about Ralinepag is that the Arena team had successfully reached agreement with the FDA on seven different ways to get Ralinepag approved by the FDA out of just three clinical trials and three Phase 3 trials. And by the way, from the time we in-licensed to now we've began enrolling. So we -- with actual patients involved and so on. So I think you know the path that's clear and that I can say our Company is definitely committed to is through executing on Arena's very good accomplishment with the FDA, based on their previous Phase 2 data of doing these three studies, an outcomes study, a morbidity-mortality, that's an outcome study and two, if you will, secondary factor studies and exercise study and the heat map study which are much smaller and out of these three different studies, depending on whether you get a highly statistically, highly statistically significant result or just a statistically significant results having all told seven different ways to get approval and we only need one of those seven ways to get approval, so being really focused on approval and getting the drug out to patients, that's our Number 1 priority.
However, the ability to position Ralinepag compared to selexipag is also very important in the market dynamics. Right off the bat of course, Ralinepag, you take just once daily instead of the twice daily dosing of selexipag and there was some very enticing data in the Phase 2 studies that shows uniquely attractive features of Ralinepag, but we will leave it to Dr. Peterson and Dr. Golden and their teams in terms of what additional studies beyond the Arena three to undertake and then let you and the markets know as soon as we decide to undertake any additional head-to-head trials.
Already. Operator, that will conclude the first half of the call and as I prepare to hand the baton over to James to chair the second half of the call with Dr. White, I just want to reiterate that it's an extremely exciting time for all of us at United Therapeutics. We've never had more drugs in our pipeline. We've never had more prescriptions for Treprostinil product. So it's just a super awesome time and our drugs and the novelty and uniqueness of our drug delivery technology, I believe all kind of renaissance of treatment opportunities for the patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Operator, you can now turn the chairmanship of the call over to Dr. Edgemond and he'll introduce Dr. White. I mean, James Edgemond, going to be Dr. White.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you Martine. Let's transition to the second section of this morning's earnings teleconference. And we are pleased to have Dr. White join our teleconference this morning to provide some initial thoughts and insights on the Freedom-EV clinical study and after Dr. White completes his opening remarks, we will take questions for Dr. White, Mr. Benkowitz and myself on Freedom-EV clinical setting. Dr. White?
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
Good morning, everybody. It's really my privilege to get to share what I think is an extremely exciting dataset that was a long time in the making and I trust that some people have already gotten to take a look at the presentation we made in Barcelona. As the Freedom-EV study demonstrated, Orenitram versus placebo decreased the overall risk of clinical worsening by 26% and this was driven by a 61% reduction in our disease progression. It also, and I think really importantly improved clinical status across key measures that physicians taking care of patients like to see, including WHO functional class, NT-proBNP Borg score after walk. And I think that the clinical improvement part of the data package is probably the most impressive.
Our vital status assessment that the closure of the study indicated that those who were initially randomized to Orenitram are more likely to be alive than those assigned placebo with a 37% reduction in mortality at study close and I think this is also a very intriguing part of the data package. Orenitram safety and tolerability profile is very similar to Remodulin, the drug that clinicians and are very comfortable using side effects that they're very comfortable managing.
I wanted to just address the disease progression end point for a second that -- of the Freedom-EV study design involved not only in-person visits at week 4, 8 and 12, so frequent and attentive in-person visits with the investigator team, but there were mandatory weekly phone calls and because of the adverse effect profile with these mandatory weekly phone calls, the contact on the phone was likely extensive so that participants could be encouraged to do drug uptitration and be helped to managing the adverse effect profile.
I think this high degree of contact probably brought disease progression symptoms to the forefront before a more serious event like hospitalization or death. I think in every day clinical practice, hospitalizations would be much more likely as the disease progression of then is clinical worsening event, because routine clinical practice, there simply less attention to detail and less frequent contact. So patients of mine would very likely end up calling or coming to clinical time when hospitalization would be the only intervention that was sensible.
All right. Some background on the Freedom-EV study design, and I just want to remind people that this study was launched in 2013, a very different time in pulmonary hypertension.
At the time, prescribers followed the paradigm of sequential combination therapy exclusively, and in fact what we were trying to pursue in the Freedom-EV study was an earliest possible combination strategy. So instead of a physician reevaluating someone after three months on monotherapy or six months on monotherapy, the Freedom-EV study design was to push the envelope so that Orenitram would be added to a first therapy without revaluation at a very early time point. In fact, our first protocol indicated a 30-day time point to add the drug. So this was early combination therapy and really at the time was pushing the envelope for the clinical standard.
But the EV demographics ended up being a very early disease group six months since the time of diagnosis in first therapy a young group with a median age of 45, they had predominantly functional Class II symptoms and actually a remarkable exercise tolerance of almost 400 meters median. The data package that I've already top line was that clinical worsening was significantly reduced by 26% and on adjusted analysis, the log-rank positivity for that is at 0.039. The clinical trial participants separation occurred very early at median about 18 weeks and that's similar to other event-driven studies.
What is not similar to other event-driven studies was the tremendous clinical improvements, clinically relevant statistically significant improvements in NT-proBNP levels, a marker of right heart strain that is increasingly well recognized as both treatment responses and prognostically important. There were two parts of this BNP data that made us very excited. The first is actually people's NT-proBNP levels were quite high at baseline. And this was a little surprising, because the participants were mostly less symptomatic and functional Class II and mostly with longer walks. So the fact that this critical risk factor of E&P was markedly elevated in both the placebo and the Treprostinil groups at baseline highlighted for us the emerging importance of a multimodal risk assessment, looking at risk from multiple angles and not just functional class, not just walk.
We're really excited also about the large reductions we observed, which presumably reflect less strain on the right heart. The curves for NT-proBNP separated at week 12 and continued to separate out to week 36 suggesting that our reduction in the NT-proBNP was quite durable, and I just want to reemphasize most experts agree that NT-proBNP, especially in the non-obese population is a very important reflector of right heart function in the fact that we saw these very nice reductions of oral Treprostinil is probably going to be very important for treating clinicians like me.
Oral Treprostinil facilitated improvements in the Borg score. The Borg score is the degree of breathless after walking and it improved WHO functional class. So really important patient reported outcome that the FDA cares about. It's really important predictor of survival and it's certainly something that patients want to see which is an improvement in their symptoms. I want to point out that not since the approval of Adempas has a drug improved both Borg dyspnea score and WHO functional class and frankly, there were too many drugs that were able to achieve that mark even the (inaudible).
The biggest curve ball of the Freedom-EV study when we, when we unblinded the data is that a simplified and prognostically important non-invasive risk score advocated by the French, we pre-specified that in the statistical analysis plan. And what we did not expect was that the oral Treprostinil participants started substantially underwater in comparison to placebo. That is to say that the oral Treprostinil assigned participants were much higher risk at baseline than the placebo patients and this occurred at the extremes that is that the Orenitram patients were least likely to have favorable risk factors and most likely to have unfavorable risk factors.
This definitely impacted the results. When we adjusted the clinical worsening primary endpoint for the fact that the oral Treprostinil participants started worse, you can think of this as sort of a propensity adjusted score. The two groups separate substantially more. The risk adjusted hazard ratio drops to 0.61, so 39% reduction risk and the P value goes to 0.0006. And these numbers are much more in line with other recently reported event of studies. So this was very much unexpected and in fact, I've done a similar analysis of the AMBITION data at baseline and the AMBITION groups using the exact same analysis were identical at baseline. So the fact that we achieved, I'm sorry that we were so underwater at the time of randomization and yet achieved the results we saw is quite significant.
The same risk assessment score improved markedly over time with oral Treprostinil as compared to placebo. We saw highly significant differences in the number of participants improving versus those declining in risk and those differences became apparent at week 12 and continued out to week, 60. Unfortunately, this is a highly effective prostacyclin and that means it's not going to be for everyone. Event dropouts were 19% for Treprostinil overall in the study as compared to 4% for placebo. The majority of the dropouts due to drug intolerance had occurred within the first 24 weeks.
Finally deaths in hospitalizations were balanced during the randomized portion of the 310 Study, that is to say the portion when patients were on their initially assigned treatment but most participants who did not suffer adverse events stayed in the open label study and overall, most volunteered to provide final status every six months even after they left the study altogether. In the end, in October, 2018, we had long-term vital stats follow up on 89% of all the participants initially randomized. Being initially assigned to oral Treprostinil was associated with a substantial survival benefit; a 37% decrease in the risk of mortality, highly significant 0.03. The size of the effect once we adjust for that that risk difference that I discussed in just a second ago, the size of the effect is even greater; 42% reduction in mortality and a P of 0.01 by logrank test.
So I hope that this discussion of the data was helpful and I turn the call back over to James Edgemond.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Dr. White, thank you again for offering your insights on the Freedom-EV clinical study. Nicole, can you please proceed to open up the teleconference for questions for Dr. White regarding the Freedom-EV clinical study.
Operator
Thank you. (Operators Instructions) And our first question comes from Jessica Fye from JP Morgan. Your line is now open.
Daniel Wolle -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
This is Daniel for Jess. Thanks for taking our question. Where were the open label medications that patients went on to in the follow-up period, and how do you think about that playing into the mortality finding? Thank you.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
James, can I answer that?
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Dr. White, yes. Thank you very much for the question. Yes, please Dr. White, if you can answer the question.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
So this is going to be a really important next stage of the analysis. And honestly, we have just now started kicking into the 311 data, which is the data that you're asking about. So 310 is the end of the randomized treatment assignment. And when patients had a clinical worsening event, they moved over to an investigator described clinical worsening event, they moved over into the 311, the open label study and patients who were initially signed Orenitram could continue taking Orenitram as long as they could take another prostacyclin.
Patients who initially signed placebo could begin taking Orenitram during that. This is going to be a very rich dataset that talks -- that shows us about what happens to the placebo patients when they get on Orenitram. Something that we actually had not seen from some of the other event-driven studies, so we are excited to dig into that data and we're just beginning that process. So I really can't can't discuss it further, but we will very specifically look to see what other medications were added. I will tell you that we did not allow patients to be on a Orenitram and another systemically delivered inhales -- I'm sorry either systemically delivered prostacyclin or inhaled prostacyclin.
So they could beyond one for up to 30 days, but they could not be beyond that. So I think that we will have a very good sense. The main thing that we're going to learn from this is what happens to the placebo patients when they're assigned to Orenitram. And we will look carefully to see if there are things other than their initial randomized treatment assignment that might explain this so that we can better understand the mortality. It is true that in the open label extension where we have the most information there are already shift in the number of deaths, again favoring oral Treprostinil. So that if you look at the deaths, the deaths are balanced in the 310 although the risk-adjusted mortality begins to favor Orenitram. At the end of the open label study, there are more deaths in placebo at a time, initially assigned placebo at the time that we know a lot about those patients and the risk-adjusted again starts to shift even further toward Orenitram. And then finally, it's at the end of study closure and by the way, of course, deaths are still continuing to accumulate right. We are now not at October 2018 and still our most recent data favors the hypothesis that initially being assigned to Orenitram carries with it a mortality benefit, a survival benefit.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great, thank you, Dr. White. Nicole, can you proceed to the next question.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Matt Catlin from Ladenburg Thalmann. Your line is now open.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Matt. Nicole, can you proceed to the next question.
Operator
Thank you. And we have another question from Liana Moussatos from Wedbush Securities. Your line is our now open.
Liana Moussatos -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst
Thank you. Dr. White, given the Freedom-EV data that you've been describing and the mortality benefit of Orenitram, how does this change your decision on whether this prescribed Orenitram versus Uptravi and what kind of patients would you now treat with Orenitram, which you might have treated with Uptravi before?
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Liana, thanks for the question. Yes. Dr. White, can you please address Liana's question.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
So I think that the Orenitram data are going to shift people's perceptions. I think there's a couple of pieces of that. The first is that Remodulin is a drug that, that doctors and patients know and really like and have a lot of trust in, and this new data I think puts into perspective, all of the previous development work; the blood levels, the pharmacokinetics. All of the work that we've done in the development of oral Treprostinil now comes to light in the Freedom-EV data and so now I think people are going to be much more likely to look at this as an oral form of Remodulin, the drug they know and love, the drug that they are confident about the benefits of, whereas before they really just didn't understand why the drug did not perform in the initial combination therapy as people have expected and of course, we now understand that that's all about pharmacokinetics. It was all about 3 times daily dosing. It's all about avoiding very, very low trough levels, which are associated with a much worse adverse event profile. So to address the specific question about whether you're going to prescribe Orenitram versus Uptravi, I think that, of course, 3 times a day is more of a burden and it is not just 3 times a day, it is 3 times a day at carefully separate intervals. What do you get for that. You get meaningful improvements that GRIPHON study just does not show. I'll point out that the GRIPHON data for NT-proBNP is a tiny little line as the very last part of the supplement in the New England Journal of Medicine and there is no color to the data. We don't have any information about whether the NT-proBNP data was mainly because of the 200 treatment-naive patients, we don't have any information about whether the monotherapy patients improve their NT-proBNP. Were these improvements trivial, were they clinically meaningful. We're going to present that data in a very exciting way because Orenitram facilitated patient improvement at 24 weeks. Patients want to improve. They don't just want to not get worse. They want to improve Borg score, functional class. These are things that GRIPHON did not report as favorable, right.
So you can either take a drug that's very expensive with a side-effect burden, very similar to Orenitram and stay the same or you can take a drug that has clinically important benefits measured at week 24 and the first study to show this difference in risk over time, which translates ultimately into the appearance, the indication of a survival benefit and something that we have never seen in an oral drug of any kind. The post talk analysis of AMBITION suggested an initial combination therapy created survival benefit. This was a pre-specified analysis, not a post talk analysis and finally, the FDA was very concerned. If you look at the documents available on the website, the FDA was very concerned about the fact that selexipag assigned patients had more deaths in the period of randomized treatment. They were very concerned about that and (inaudible) has an interesting letter about it.
We saw balanced deaths, we do not expect to see a difference in deaths in the end of a randomized treatment. But we also did not expect to see a 37% reduction in mortality for Orenitram assigned patients at the end of the study and we're really excited about this. So you have a side effect profile that is slightly worse, it is but similar to Uptravi and in return you get clinically meaningful benefits for patients at 24 weeks. You get an improved risk profile and you may even have improvement in survival over time and I think that, that is going to make the difference very clear to physicians.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great, thank you, Dr. White. Nicole, can you proceed to the next question.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Hartaj Singh from Oppenheimer & Company. Your line is now open.
Hartaj Singh -- Oppenheimer & Company -- Analyst
Great, thank you. Thank you for the follow up question on Freedom-EV. Just following Liana's question, you know, as you said Dr. White, selexipag had a, you know, an imbalance, slight imbalance in deaths, also I think France actually a year or a year and a half ago care had stopped, you know, the dispensation of selexipag probably there because there was mortality imbalance post approval and then you combine that with the ability of oral Treprostinil to be titrated. It's a really nice increase in median dose by visit that you show. How does that impact you think the prescribing physician's thinking, you know, that they have the flexibility on the dose titration plus also in the long run, you're getting, a potential improvement on our mortality and decrease in hospitalization? Thank you.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great, Hartaj. Thanks for the question. Yeah and Dr. White would be glad to answer.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
So this is again, parries off my earlier point about physician comfort and patient, you know, benefits associated with Remodulin and I think that you just touched on dose titration, right. That's what physicians are very comfortable with, right. They're very comfortable on the dose titration aspect. And I'll tell you that we are, we had a pre-specified plan to analyze doses and dose improvements in terms of, I'm sorry, doses and clinical improvements in terms of dose response and we did actually hit that, that's data that's not been presented, and I won't talk about it in more detail except to say that we do have a clear indication that 3 milligrams 3 times daily is a dose at which clinical benefits become quite apparent in terms of NT-proBNP, in terms of Borg, in terms of WHO functional class. And so we think that the dose titration of the ability to move the dose up to continue to provide patients with further improvement and the ability to do that over time as without limitation, right. We don't have any indication that there is a dose ceiling for Remodulin, that there's a dose ceiling for Orenitram. I have a patient, who is a full time nurse working on 18 milligrams 3 times daily Orenitram.
So I think that your insight that Uptravi doesn't have that support for, you know, infinitely large dose increases coupled with physician's comfort on Remodulin and the dose titration ability for Remodulin makes this drug very attractive. Now that the data package starts to look like something they know, and then a dose titratable drugs that produces meaningful clinical improvements and has an enduring benefit in terms of clinical worsening and maybe has an indication for survival improvement.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great, thank you, Dr. White. Nicole, there is one more question, it looks like in the queue. So can you proceed to the next question.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Christopher Zopf from Cowen & Company. Your line is now open.
Christopher Zopf -- Cowen & Company -- Analyst
Hi, thanks for taking the question. Wanted to see what are your expectations about which components of the data would be added to the label. Will this include the benefits observed in the open label portion as well and what additional data should we expect to see in the upcoming two meetings that you described that, may have been included in the filing that we haven't seen yet. Thanks.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great. Chris. Thanks for the question. Dr. White, can you address Chris' question.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
I'll tell you what, I'm going to, I heard in their a question about labeling that I'm definitely not qualified to answer. So I'm going to stay far away from that piece. I'm not going to speculate on that. That's I don't write labels. But I will, what I will tell you is that we have that you asked about what we're going to see in the upcoming meetings, and in the upcoming meetings what you're going to see is the -- at IST, ISHLT Meeting in Florida, you're going to see the sort of bulk of the data, the primary data being presented, the disease progression difference and then at the, the effects on Borg, on functional class on NT-proBNP on walk and then at the ATS meeting is where we're going to focus on this is very exciting risk assessment and how risk impacted the results, how risk impacted the survival, how risk impacted -- and how risk scores shifted over time and that's very exciting platform presentation we have at ATS and then we have, I also heard a question in there about the open label data and as I said earlier, I am not at liberty to talk about, but have started to see the indications from the open label and we will be presenting that at most likely at a meeting in the next year, when that data is fully accumulated.
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Great, thank you, Dr. White. There's no more questions in the queue. So, I do want to go back to what Dr. Rothblatt talked about in terms of what we are seeing in the market. I want to turn the call over now to Mr. Benkowitz, just to follow up on that earlier question.
Michael Benkowitz -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Thanks, James. And then I guess Dr. White didn't address the question of the regulatory component of the last question. I just wanted to touch on that briefly too. So we filed our application for label expansion in December. If I understand that the 10-month review with the FDA, we included most if not all of the data that Dr. White has reviewed this morning and, you know, what makes an infill label, obviously time will tell as we engage in discussions with the FDA. So as I think as Dr. White discussed what we're really excited about the data, we think there's some really interesting and provocative things associated with this dataset. We look forward to engaging in those discussions with the FDA around the label supplement. In terms of what we're seeing in the market in terms of uptake as a result of this data, what I would say is, this level of data has only really been out in the market even to a limited degree for about three weeks. So we announced the top line results in August. From August until Dr. White gave his presentation at the PVRI Conference in January, there wasn't really additional data being presented either at medical conferences or through our medical affairs function, because we want to preserve our ability to communicate this information at these conferences and publications. So, now that this data has been presented at PVRI, I think physicians are able to look at the data in its totality, we're able through our medical affairs functions to appropriately discuss questions that physicians have around this dataset. And so, we do expect that there is going to be renewed interest in Orenitram even before we have the label updated, which will be latter part of this year and at that latter part of this year when we can put our sales and marketing machine behind it. We expect to see if you -- even further uptick. So I just wanted to kind of come back and address that question around what we're seeing in the market in response to the data. I think it's still very, very early given that Dr. White presented this data about three weeks ago in Barcelona.
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
And Mike, if I could -- Mike, if I could insert myself and just add to that the -- all of the excitement in this dataset is stuff that was not presented in August in the press release, right. So the physicians -- everything that physicians are going to be excited about, has to do with the clinical improvements, right. Hitting the endpoint of clinical worsening as the primary enables the unlocking and the analysis of the really exciting stuff which is how well patients did and and the community knew nothing about that right?. So there was, there is no reason that anybody should have changed anything that they thought about Orenitram until 3 weeks ago and I can say that we are -- that I personally as a physician and as the lead investigator for the program, I am already getting feedback from very senior peers of mine congratulating you on the data, congratulating on some of the analysis and this is a great opportunity for me to thank Martine for the incredible commitment to getting oral Treprostinil process finish line and physicians are excited about that aspect of this getting across the finish line and the data package really finally reflecting what they always had hoped to see with oral Treprostinil, but had never seen. So I let my team's commitment to making this happen. It really is, it's worth emphasizing because I think it speaks to the value of the Company in the long term.
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Great. Dr. White, Mr. Benkowitz, thank you both so much for joining this morning's teleconference. We really appreciate your perspectives and insights on the Freedom-EV clinical study. Thank you, all, who joined our teleconference this morning and Nicole, can you please conclude the teleconference.
Operator
Thank you for participating in today's United Therapeutics Corporation conference call. A rebroadcast will be available for replay for one week by dialing 1855-8592-056 with international callers dialing 140-45373-406 and using access code 1595239.
Duration: 61 minutes
Call participants:
James Edgemond -- Chief Financial Officer
Martine Rothblatt -- Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Unidentified Participant -- -- Analyst
Michael Benkowitz -- President & Chief Operating Officer
Hartaj Singh -- Oppenheimer & Company -- Analyst
Liana Moussatos -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst
Martin Ulster -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
R. James White -- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Physiology
Daniel Wolle -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Christopher Zopf -- Cowen & Company -- Analyst
Michael Benkowitz -- Chief Executive Officer
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