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ManpowerGroup Inc. (MAN 1.08%)
Q1Â 2019 Earnings Call
April 18, 2019, 8:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Welcome to ManpowerGroup's First Quarter Earnings Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode until to Q&A session after this conference. This call will be recorded. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time.
And now I will turn the call over to ManpowerGroup Chairman and CEO, Jonas Prising. Sir, you may begin.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning. Welcome to the first quarter conference call for 2019. With me today is our Chief Financial Officer, Jack McGinnis. We'll start our call today by going through some of the highlights of the first quarter, then Jack will go through the operating results in the segments, our balance sheet and cash flow, as well as comments on our outlook for the second quarter. I will then follow with some concluding thoughts before we start our Q&A session.
But before we proceed, Jack will now cover the safe harbor language.
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, everyone. This conference call includes forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. These statements are based on management's current expectations or beliefs. Actual results might differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. Slide two of our earnings release presentation includes important information regarding previous SEC filings and reconciliations of non-GAAP measures.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Jack. Our first quarter results reflect the solid start to the year in view of the current global environment. Revenue in the first quarter came in at $5 billion, a decrease of 2% in constant currency. On a same day basis, our underlying organic constant currency revenue decreased was 1%. This reflected an improvement from the fourth quarter, which was driven by the US and France, which more than offset the additional declines in Northern Europe. We have seen recent stabilization in the revenue trends in most of our European markets. In addition to the US, the rest of the Americas experienced strong revenue trends in the first quarter, and APME also performed well on an organic basis.
I am pleased to announce that we have purchased the remaining interest in our Switzerland Manpower franchise during April, and we will begin managing this business in the second quarter of this year. This is a very strong Manpower business and represents approximately $500 million in annual revenues that will now be part of our Southern Europe region.
Operating profit for the quarter was $105 million, down 26% in constant currency. During both the first quarter of this year and in the prior year, we had restructuring charges, which Jack will discuss in more detail. Excluding these restructuring charges from both years, operating profit was $145 million for the quarter, a decrease of 12% in constant currency. Operating profit margin came in at 2.1%, down 70 basis points from the prior year. And after excluding the restructuring charges, operating profit margin was down 30 basis points from the prior year, equal to the midpoint of our guidance range.
As we mentioned previously, our effective tax rate increased significantly in 2019 upon the end of the tax-exempt CICE subsidy program in France in 2018. Earnings per share for the quarter was $0.88. Excluding the restructuring charge in the quarter, earnings per share was $1.39, a decrease of 12% in constant currency.
During the first quarter, we took various actions to improve the cost base of the organization and this represents a combination of ongoing optimization initiatives, as well as additional adjustments to calibrate to the slower market environment in some of our European businesses. Although we experienced diverging trends during the first quarter across our global regions with Americas and APME growing in constant currency, while Europe declined, we remain confident in our prospects in all of these markets.
The fundamental need for human capital and the importance of workforce strategy is as strong as ever with 45% of employers around the world struggling to find the talent they need, which reflects the highest level we seen in 12 years. Furthermore, 87% plan to increase or maintain their headcount as a result of investments in automation. This environment is one in which our workforce services and solutions offerings are extremely valuable. We continue to have a strong pipeline within our Solutions business, and we're once again recognized as a global leader in our RPO offering by independent analysts for the ninth year in a row.
And with that, I would like to turn it over to Jack to provide additional financial information and review of our segment results and our second quarter outlook.
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Jonas. Revenues in the first quarter exceeded our constant currency guidance range. Our gross profit margin was flat year-over-year and came in at the midpoint of our guidance range. Our first quarter performance resulted in operating profit decline, excluding restructuring cost of 18% or 12% on a constant currency basis on a revenue decline of 2% in constant currency. This reflects operational deleveraging as the revenue decline in the current period compares to mid-single digit revenue growth in the prior year. This, combined with strong cost management during the quarter, resulted in an operating profit margin at the midpoint of our guidance of 2.9% before restructuring costs.
Breaking our revenue down into a bit more detail, after adjusting for the negative impact of currency of 6.5% in the quarter, our constant currency revenue declined equal 2%. Dispositions contributed to 70 basis points of our revenue decline in the quarter and slightly less billing days contributed to another 40 basis points of decline. This results in organic constant currency days adjusted revenue decline of 1% in the first quarter, which represents an improvement from the fourth quarter decline of 3% on a similar basis.
On a reported basis, earnings per share was $0.88, which included restructuring costs, which had a $0.51 negative impact on earnings per share. As I stated last quarter, our guidance excluded restructuring costs. Excluding these costs, earnings per share was $1.39, $0.05 above the midpoint of our guidance range. The drivers of this result include $0.04 attributable to better operational performance than expected, $0.01 on slightly better foreign currency exchange rates than expected, $0.01 on a slightly better effective tax rate and $0.01 due to a lower weighted average share count due to the impact of repurchases during the quarter. This was offset by $0.02 impact of additional foreign currency cost related to the hyperinflationary treatment of our Argentina operations.
The favorable operational performance was primarily driven by Southern Europe. Looking at our gross profit margin in detail, our gross margin came in at 16%. Our gross profit margin increase of 10 basis points from higher permanent recruitment mix was offset by 10 basis points of decline in staffing interim margin during the quarter. The staffing interim margin decline represents an improving trend from previous quarters. As we continue to experience tight labor conditions in many of our large key markets, we have been successful in various staffing margin improvement initiatives. This was particularly evident in France as they managed to offset a significant portion of the subsidy-related transition impact.
Next, I'll review our gross profit by business line. During the quarter, the Manpower brand comprised 61% of gross profit. Our experienced professional business comprised 21%, ManpowerGroup Solutions comprised 14% and Right Management, 4%. During the quarter, our Manpower brand reported an organic constant currency gross profit decrease of 4%. This was stable from the 4% decline in the fourth quarter. Within our Manpower brand, approximately 60% of gross profit is derived from light industrial skills and 40% is derived from office and clerical skills. Light industrial skills experienced a slightly higher rate of decrease in gross profit during the quarter, compared to office and clerical skills, a trend that was largely in line with the fourth quarter experience.
Gross profit in our experienced brand was flat in constant currency, an improvement from the 1% decline experienced in the fourth quarter. This was driven by improvements in the UK and the US. ManpowerGroup Solutions include our global market-leading RPO and MSP offerings, as well as Talent Based Outsourcing solutions, including Proservia, our IT infrastructure and end-user support business.
Organic gross profit growth in the quarter was up 2% in constant currency, which was consistent with the fourth quarter trend. Right Management experienced a decline in gross profit of 6% in constant currency during the quarter as outplacement activity continued to decline. I will also comment on Right Management in my segment review.
Our reported SG&A expense in the quarter was $699 million, including the $40 million of restructuring costs. SG&A expense was $650 million, a decrease of $48 million from the prior year, after excluding restructuring costs from both years. This decrease was driven by $42 million from currency exchanges, $3 million from operations and $3 million from dispositions.
On an organic basis in constant currency, excluding restructuring costs, SG&A expenses were down 1% compared to the prior year. Excluding the restructuring costs, SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue in the quarter represented 13.1%, which reflected strong cost management despite the impact of lower revenues year-over-year. We expect to recover the restructuring cost of $40 million through cost savings over the next 12 months with full run rate savings beginning in the third quarter. I will discuss the operating performance of the segments next and, as part of that, will break out the restructuring cost by segment.
The Americas segment comprised 20% of consolidated revenue. Revenue in the quarter was $1 billion, an increase of 3% in constant currency. OUP, including restructuring cost, equaled $31 million. This represented a decrease of 12% in constant currency from the prior year, excluding restructuring cost, reflecting investments in the US. Of the $5 million in restructuring cost, approximately 50% relate to the US where we consolidated branches and other facilities in optimized front-office and back-office processes. 25% related to Argentina where we centralized delivery channels and automated back-office processes, and the balance was split among Mexico and Canada where we centralized front-office processes and simplified organization structures.
The US is the largest country in the Americas segment comprising 60% of segment revenues. Revenue in the US was $604 million, down 2% compared to the prior year. Adjusting for billing days, this represented a 1% decrease, compared to a 5% decline in the fourth quarter. This 4% improvement was a good result for our US business as initiatives put in place in prior periods are now accelerating our ability to close the gap to growth.
During the quarter, OUP for the US business decreased 29% to $19 million, excluding restructuring, reflecting SG&A investment in the business. OUP margin was 3.1%, excluding restructuring, a decrease of 120 basis points from the prior year. Gross profit margin was flat year-over-year as overall new business maintained similar margins through existing business. SG&A increases reflected investment in growth initiatives as well as technology.
Within the US, the Manpower brand comprised 41% of gross profit during the quarter. Revenue for the Manpower brand in the US was down 4% in the quarter or down 3% when adjusting for billing days, an improvement from the 7% decrease in the fourth quarter. The Manpower business had a new client during the first quarter and also experienced improved trends in the existing business.
The Experis brand in the US comprised 36% of the gross profit in the quarter. Within Experis in the US, IT skills comprise approximately 70% of revenues. During the quarter, our Experis revenues declined 2% from the prior year, and after adjusting for billing days, this represented a decline of 1%. This represents a significant improvement from the 6% decline experienced in the fourth quarter. Experis has been very focused on profitable business, and this again led to another quarter of staffing margin expansion in the US during the quarter.
ManpowerGroup Solutions in the US contributed 23% of gross profit and experienced 5% revenue growth in the quarter, compared to 9% growth in the fourth quarter. The deceleration from the prior quarter was driven by the fall off the seasonal MSP business, which more than offset by improved RPO revenue trends. We continue to see strong demand by our clients for higher-value RPO and MSP solutions. We expect the US business to stay in the current year-over-year revenue trend in the second quarter.
Our Mexico operation had revenue growth in the quarter of 7% in constant currency. The business in Mexico performed well in the quarter, and we expect good mid-single-digit growth into the second quarter.
Revenue in Canada was up 13% in constant currency. We are very pleased with the performance of our Canada business as they continue to produce market-leading growth. We expect Canada to have a very strong performance in the second quarter. Revenue growth in the other countries within Americas was up 12% in constant currency. This growth was driven primarily by strong revenue growth in Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Chile.
Southern Europe revenue comprised 42% of consolidated revenue in the quarter. Revenue in Southern Europe came in at $2.1 billion, a decrease of 2% in constant currency. On days adjusted basis, this represented a flat revenue trend, an improvement from the 3% days adjusted revenue decline in the fourth quarter. OUP, including restructuring cost, equaled $87 million. Excluding restructuring cost, OUP decreased 1% from the prior year in constant currency, and OUP margin was flat from the prior year as France and Italy OUP margin expansion offset OUP margin decreases in the rest of the region.
Permanent recruitment growth was 8% in constant currency. Of the $5 million of restructuring costs, 40% relates to Italy for front-office delivery changes and back-office optimization, 25% relates to Spain for front-office centralization and organizational simplification, and the balance primarily relates to regional back-office optimization activities. France revenue comprised 62% of the Southern Europe segment in the quarter and was down 1% from the prior year in constant currency or flat on a days adjusted basis. This represented an improvement from the 3% days adjusted decline in the fourth quarter. France started the first quarter in line with the fourth quarter rate of decline and then experienced an improving revenue trend in February but slowed again slightly in March.
OUP was $56 million, an increase of 4% in constant currency, and OUP margin was up 20 basis points in constant currency, at 4.3%. Permanent recruitment growth of 6% in staffing margin expansion drove a gross profit margin increase in the quarter year-over-year. France was able to offset a significant portion of the subsidy change headwind during the quarter based on various ongoing initiatives and also experienced favorable direct cost trends in the quarter, allowing for staffing margin improvement year-over-year.
Although activity levels in France have been choppy, making it hard to forecast, we expect a similar revenue trend during the second quarter. Revenue in Italy equaled $356 million, representing a decrease of 7% in constant currency or a decrease of 6% on a days adjusted basis. This was in line with expectations. Permanent recruitment fees were very strong and increased 16% on a constant currency basis over the prior year. Excluding the restructuring cost, OUP declined 5% in constant currency to $23 million, while OUP margin expanded by 10 basis points to 6.4% as perm growth benefited gross margin combined with strong SG&A cost management.
Our Italy business is performing well in a difficult environment, and we expect similar revenue trend in the second quarter. Revenue in Spain declined 1% in constant currency from the prior year. This reflects an improvement from the 5% days adjusted constant currency decline in the fourth quarter. We expect Spain to improve slightly in the second quarter.
As Jonas mentioned, we acquired the remaining interest in our Switzerland Manpower franchise in early April and will consolidate and begin managing this business at the beginning of the second quarter. This business represents approximately $500 million in annual revenues, and we forecast approximately $120 million in incremental revenues for this business in the second quarter. I will talk more about the impact of the acquisition as part of my second quarter guidance.
Our Northern Europe segment comprised 23% of consolidated revenue in the quarter. Revenue declined 9% in constant currency to $1.2 billion. This represents a slight further decline from the 8% days adjusted constant currency decline in the fourth quarter as most countries experienced continued slowing in the first quarter. OUP, including restructuring cost, equaled $1 million. Excluding restructuring cost, OUP declined 42% in constant currency, and OUP margin was down 100 basis points. The decline was driven by significant deleveraging in Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden, combined with technology spend for new front-office systems in various markets.
Of the restructuring cost in the quarter of $19 million, 65% relates to Germany, 15% relates to The Netherlands, with the balance primarily relating to Sweden and Belgium. These actions involve organizational simplification and front- and back-office optimization activities. Our largest market in Northern Europe segment is the UK, which represented 32% of segment revenue in the quarter. UK revenues were down 5% in constant currency. This represents a slight decrease from the 4% days adjusted decline in the fourth quarter. This was a better-than-expected result as the UK business offset expected lower activity with new business.
Our Manpower business in the UK experienced an expected 17% decline in revenue in constant currency, which included the reductions in production from a large automotive client as discussed in previous quarters. Conversely, our Experis business improved to 16% constant currency revenue growth in the first quarter, largely offsetting the Manpower decline. We expect the revenue trend for the UK overall to remain the same into the second quarter.
In Germany, revenues declined 23% on a constant currency basis in the first quarter, which represented an additional 2% decline from the fourth quarter on the days adjusted basis. We experienced a slight improvement in the trend as we exited the quarter. Germany remains a challenging market driven by lower production activity. Our restructuring actions should improve the profitability of our Germany operations going forward. We anticipate slight improvement in the revenue trend during the second quarter.
In the Nordics, we grew revenues 1% on a days adjusted basis in constant currency. This represented a slight decline form the 2% days adjusted growth in the fourth quarter. The decline was driven by Sweden, which is being more than offset by very strong growth in Norway. We expect to see slightly slower revenue growth into the second quarter, largely due to the impact of timing of Easter in Norway.
Revenue in The Netherlands decreased 20% in constant currency on the days adjusted basis during the first quarter. Adjusting for the disposition of our language translation business in the fourth quarter, this represented a 17% days adjusted revenue decline, which is a slight decrease from the 15% days adjusted decline in the fourth quarter. We expect a stable to slightly improving trend into the second quarter.
Belgium experienced revenue decline of 5% in constant currency or a decline of 6% on a days adjusted basis during the first quarter. This represented a decline from the 1% constant currency growth in the fourth quarter. We expect a slightly improve trend into the second quarter. Other markets in Northern Europe had a revenue increase of 3% in constant currency, driven by strong growth in Russia.
The Asia Pacific Middle East segment comprises 14% of total company revenue. In the quarter, revenue was up 2% in constant currency to $700 million or 3% after adjusting for billing days. Adjusting for the disposition of a component of our China operations, as discussed last quarter, this represented an organic days adjusted constant currency increase of 7% in the first quarter and a slight decrease from the 8% revenue growth on the same basis in the fourth quarter.
OUP, including restructuring cost, equaled $20 million in the quarter. This represented a flat trend in constant currency, excluding restructuring costs, and OUP margin decreased 10 basis points on that same basis. Substantially, all of the restructuring cost of $4 million involve Australia where we have reorganized the business upon the divestiture of certain low-margin business and have consolidated our office footprint to better align with profitable growth opportunities.
Revenue growth in Japan was up 3% on a constant currency basis. And adjusting for billing days, this represented a 5% growth rate, which was an increase from the 2% growth in the fourth quarter on the same basis. Permanent recruitment growth was very strong at 14% in constant currency. Both OUP and OUP margin improved on the stronger revenues in SG&A efficiency in the quarter.
Revenues in Australia and New Zealand declined 6% in constant currency adjusting for billing days, representing a further decline from the 1% decrease during the fourth quarter on the same basis. As I mentioned, we are exiting certain low-margin business in Australia. And while this will improve our profitability, we expect further declines in the next few quarters in the low double digits percentage range.
Revenue in other markets in Asia Pacific Middle East were up 5% in constant currency, and adjusting for dispositions, this represented a 14% growth rate. This was a result of strong growth in the number of markets, including India, Greater China, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. Our Right Management business continue to slow in the first quarter based on reduced outplacement activity. During the quarter, revenues were down 5% in constant currency to $46 million, following a 4% decline in the fourth quarter. OUP, including restructuring cost, equaled $2 million. Excluding restructuring cost, OUP decreased 1% on a constant currency basis as SG&A reductions help to partially offset the impact of revenue reductions. Excluding restructuring cost, OUP margin increased 90 basis points.
Restructuring costs of $5 million primarily represent the transformation of Right Management's premise strategy in the US. As part of this, Right Management has closed certain legacy offices and has increased the number of locations where it hosts clients and individuals, including flexible workspaces and offices and has enhanced its digital offerings to enable on-demand access to its high-tech talent management, career development and outplacement tools.
I'll now turn to cash flow and balance sheet. Free cash flow, defined as cash from operations less capital expenditures, equaled $92 million. This compared to cash outflow in the prior year of $71 million as accounts receivable balances were growing significantly in the first quarter of 2018. At quarter end, days sales outstanding increased by 1.5 days. We continue to execute on initiatives to improve the trend of DSO.
Capital expenditures represented $10 million during the quarter. During the quarter, we purchased 1.2 million shares of stock for $101 million. As of March 31, we have 1.9 million shares remaining for repurchase under the 6 million share program approved in August of 2018. Our balance sheet was strong at quarter end with cash of $566 million and total debt of $1.1 billion, bringing our net debt to $490 million. Our debt ratios are very comfortable at quarter end with total debt to trailing 12 months' EBITDA of 1.1 and total debt to total capitalization at 28%.
Our debt and credit facilities have not changed in the quarter. At quarter end, we had a EUR500 million note outstanding with an effective interest rate of 1.8% maturing in June of 2026 and a EUR400 million note with an effective interest rate of 1.9% maturing in September of 2022. In addition, we have revolving credit agreement for $600 million, which remained unused.
Next, I'll review our outlook for the second quarter of 2019. Including the consolidated results for our Switzerland Manpower business, we are forecasting earnings per share to be in the range of $1.96 to $2.04, which included a negative impact from foreign currency of $0.10 per share. Although this guidance includes the operating results related to our Switzerland acquisition, it does not include a onetime non-cash purchase accounting gain, which we plan to disclose separately as part of our second quarter results. Our constant currency revenue guidance range is between negative 1% and positive 1%.
Walking from the midpoint of flat constant currency growth, the impact of acquisitions net of dispositions reduced revenues by about 1.5%, and due to a lower day count, the billing days adjusted organic constant currency revenue decline is 1% in the second quarter, which is a continuation of the 1% decline in the first quarter on the same basis.
From the segment standpoint, we expect constant currency revenue growth in the Americas to be in the low single digits, with Southern Europe growing in the mid-single digits with about 5% of this increase driven from the Switzerland acquisition. Northern Europe decreasing in the high single digits with about 60 basis points related to the Netherlands disposition in the fourth quarter of 2018. And Asia Pacific Middle East decreasing in the low single-digit range with about 3.5% of this decrease due to the disposition within our China business in the fourth quarter of 2018.
We expect the revenue decline at Right Management in the low to mid-single-digit range. On a regional basis, the difference in billing days will have an unfavorable impact on revenue growth of about 1% in the Americas and Northern Europe and an unfavorable impact of about 2% in APME.
Our operating profit margin during the second quarter should be down 40 basis points compared to the prior year quarter, reflecting a continuation of the down 30 basis points trend experienced in the first quarter on an underlying basis, plus the impact of the addition of the Switzerland Manpower operations.
As previously mentioned, we expect a onetime non-cash purchase accounting gain related to this acquisition, which is not incorporated into our guidance and will be disclosed as part of our second quarter results. We expect our income tax rate in the second quarter to approximate 35.5%. As usual, our guidance does not incorporate restructuring charges or additional share repurchases, and we expect our weighted average shares to be 60.3 million, reflecting share repurchases through March 31.
With that, I'd like to turn it back to Jonas.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
As you just heard from Jack, we anticipate our second quarter revenue trends being very similar to what we experienced in the first quarter. We saw a stabilization in the slowdown in some European markets during the first quarter, which is good to see in a positive evolution. We know unemployment levels are low across most of Europe and at historic lows in the US. And overall, demand for temporary and permanent positions remains strong in many markets. Companies looking for more operational and strategic flexibility in a more uneven and uncertain environment will be looking for skills that our businesses provide.
Demand for extensive portfolio workforce solutions and services across our global footprint provides us with good opportunities for profitable growth going forward. We're continuing to prioritize investments in technology. These investments are core to our strategy of maintaining our leadership in workforce solutions and enabling our people to create even more value for our clients and our candidates. We are accelerating our implementation of world-class front-office systems, cloud-based and mobile applications. We are leveraging AI-powered chat box for candidate and associate interactions and other enhancements to our global technology infrastructure, digitizing our workforce solutions offerings to achieve a better user experience and lowering transaction costs.
We are also using technology as part of our innovation initiatives. A great example of this is our Global Assessment Center of Excellence where our Chief Talent Scientist and his team is leading our investments in B2B and B2B and B2C tech-enabled assessment solutions. Another example is IntelliReach within our MSP business. IntelliReach is a platform which offers organizations the transparent analytics and compared the benchmarks they need to execute an effective workforce strategy. The platform leverages our data and provides the management tools and analytics to assess our clients needs, their spend, calculate ROI and to drive efficiencies across their MSP programs. It was the first platform in the industry to offer in-depth analytics and best-in-class tools, including the Total Workforce Index and analysis of global wages and the risk assessment program for organizations to measure workforce risk and analyze compliance.
Our investments are also focused on the critical needs, involving upskilling and reskilling of the workforce. This includes our successful MyPath program, which enables our associates to access meaningful and sustainable jobs in in-demand careers through accelerated learning programs on the job training, certification and experience. We're not only sourcing and matching talent with the best opportunities in job market on a global scale, but increasingly, we are also creating talent pipelines for the skills that are most in demand.
As I close my comments on technology and innovation, I am thrilled that ManpowerGroup is the HR partner of Viva Technology for the fourth consecutive year, one of the world's biggest technology conferences being held in Paris in just a few weeks. At this event, we will be presenting our innovative vision and workforce solutions in our lab, and we'll be hosting conferences, dynamic pitches and more than 40 innovative start-ups. This year, we'll be opening our talent center, which is a dedicated area to recruit, coach and inspire talents for the future work. We remain optimistic that the future work and the future for workers is bright, and our teams are working hard to make this come true across our global operations.
And with that, I would now like to open the call for Q&A. Operator?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the Q&A session. (Operator Instruction). Our first question is from the line of Andrew Steinerman of JPMorgan. Your line is now open.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Hi. Jonas, I know your observation of stabilization in a number of European markets in the first quarter and going into the second. I think when you sort of look at the balance, it seems that Southern Europe, particularly France, got better and Northern Europe actually got worse. Why do you think that dynamic is happening at this juncture?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I think -- Good morning, Andrew. We saw a stabilization in a number of countries. And as you correctly say, Southern Europe had some good and improving trends as did the US actually. And then we had a number of countries in Northern Europe. And the main two countries in Northern Europe that are causing the headwinds are Germany and the Netherlands. And really, if you set those aside, the rest of the countries are performing at a reasonable level, given the economic backdrop, both of those have different reasons behind it.
Last time we spoke -- we talked about the Germany and the issues with a much softer market, and we saw that market softening further in the first quarter. So we're having a tougher market condition, and then we also have our own issues that we're working through. From a Netherlands perspective, the reasons are different. It's to do with pricing discipline. And as we mentioned on our call last time, we had a number of enterprise clients, we elected not to continue to service. So those are the two countries that primarily are driving the tougher environment and the numbers in Northern Europe, Andrew.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
And if I could just add, in France, in the monthly prism numbers, I didn't see an improvement in first quarter. And so do you feel like the improvement in first quarter from Manpower France is company-specific or market?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I would say that the French team is doing a great job managing the environment in France, and we have a number of initiatives that have worked out very well for us. The French team has been able to ensure that we are managing our margins and our pricing in a way that is reflective of the quality of the services that we provide, and we've been very pleased with some of our client engagements. So at this point, I would say that the team is managing it very well.
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I would just add to that, Andrew. In the fourth quarter, we actually had a significant headwind in the months of November and December as we were closing the quarter. And that led to that heavier decrease in the fourth quarter. In the first quarter, we actually saw improvement on an overall basis versus that. I think we had much higher growth in the year ago period in the fourth quarter versus the first quarter. I think that helped a bit specific to us in terms of the year-over-year comparisons. So with that being said, I think if you look at the first quarter for us, we saw improvement in the month of February. And then what we saw in March was a step down much consistent with what we were seeing in January. And I'd say, what we're seeing here in early April is pretty consistent with what we saw in the month of March.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Jeff Silber of BMO Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you so much. You called out some of the pricing issues you were having in the Netherlands. Can we talk about the general pricing environment in some of your other major markets in Europe?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Jeff. Yes. The overall, I would say that the pricing environment remains stable and rational. We have, however, seen abilities in a number of countries to ensure that we can apply pricing discipline, and you can see that in how our GP margin has evolved. And we've seen some good evolution and better pay-bill gaps in a number of countries. You could see that we've been able to expand or we've seen expansion in our GP margins in the US Experis business, for instance. So we are just very mindful of the very tight labor market where clients have difficulties finding talent, where we have to put in a lot of effort and expertise in identifying the best match for our clients and the best careers for those candidates and ensuring that our pricing reflects that effort and the quality of our service.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Great. And for my follow-up, I wanted to focus on the acquisition of the remaining interest in the Switzerland Manpower franchise. Why now? And are there any other large franchises out there that you might be looking to repurchase? Thanks.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
We've had a great partnership with the family that was running the franchise in Switzerland. And of course, we've also had an ownership participation of 49% for decades there. And it was mostly a question of the time coming for the family to exit the business, and of course, we've been working very closely with them overall of these decades, and this was a good opportunity for us to continue running -- or to run this business now going forward.
Switzerland is the last big international franchise that we have. We have a number of franchises also in the US that are not as big as Switzerland. And from time to time, we see opportunities together with those great franchise owners to take over their franchise and run it ourselves. But those are much smaller in dimension than the one that we just concluded in Switzerland.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you so much for the color.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question is from the line of Tim McHugh of William Blair. Your line is now open.
Tim McHugh -- William Blair -- Analyst
Hi. Just maybe stepping back a little from the quarter. You talked about a number, the initiatives as part of both the restructuring and changing the business. And I guess what -- can you maybe talk a little bit more of what you view in terms of -- how much of that is, I guess, necessary or reactive to the marketplace kind of table stakes? And are there specific ones where you really feel like it's an advantage in kind of a step above what others in the space are doing right now?
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Tim, it's Jack. So I guess what I'd say is, when we look at this, and we've been talking for several quarters about our prioritization of technology spend. And we think that's critical for us to continue to deliver at a very high quality level into our clients and have optimized delivery channels within the organization, and that's helping us both on the front office side of things as well as the back office in terms of our productivity and our finance accounting shared services, our technology management solutions, our centralized recruiting centers.
So for us that is just core to our overall business in continuing to automate those processes, and we're continuing to do well on that ongoing initiative. I guess to get to your restructuring question, if I step back from the level of restructuring actions we took in the first quarter, I'd say little over one-third of that is related to optimization activities and transformation-related activities that we've talked about in terms of those back office processes and front office processes.
About 25% of it is related to office consolidation, about 25% it's related to organizational simplification and about 50% are other business changes that we've talked about in terms of Australia and a bit in Germany. So on an overall basis, we think these are all good changes for our business that are making our business stronger and will make it more cost-effective moving forward as well.
Tim McHugh -- William Blair -- Analyst
Okay. And then on Germany, can -- a follow-up, obviously, there is market weakness, but there's also an element of your own internal performance, I guess, and you've talked about that before. But where are you at in terms of, I guess, reconciling or fixing any of the internal issues? Do you feel like you've put in place the changes that are necessary? Or is that still something we're kind of working on?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I'd say we've made very good progress. We gave an update on that last quarter where we've continued to take actions to continue to improve underlying processes in Germany. And we've made -- we continue to make good progress in the first quarter. I'd say we talked about the system conversion. That's all moving forward nicely at this stage. There hasn't been any ongoing issues related to that. At this point, if I step back and look at what happened in the first quarter, we basically declined a further 2% from where we were in the previous quarter and that's primarily market-driven.
So we're not experiencing any further disruption from the changes that we made. And actually since then in the fourth quarter and the first quarter, we're making good progress in continuing to improve our underlying processes. And our goal is to continue to close that gap as we move forward. So at this stage, it's primarily market-driven, and that's what we're seeing in Germany at this time.
Tim McHugh -- William Blair -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question is from the line of Kevin McVeigh of Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Great. Thank you. Jonas or Jack, If I heard you right, it sounded like you were able to offset a lot of the CICE margin headwind to internal initiatives. As you start to anniversary that, does that potentially boat for some improvement in the margin as we work our way through the CICE headwind? And if so, is that kind of a Q3 or Q4, how should we think about that?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Kevin. I'd say we feel very good about the gross profit margin trends in France, specifically. And to my earlier comments, we actually had very good first quarter in our ability to offset that headwind. And when we talked about that headwind in the first three quarters of that 50 basis points, the first quarter was particularly strong in that regard. I did mention in my notes, there's a little bit of direct cost favorability playing into that in the first quarter. But I'd say looking out, we feel very good. We've been having very good discussions with the business regarding the opportunity to continue to implement initiatives that will increase our gross profit margin going forward, and we see that continuing into the second quarter.
So, our goal will be to try and offset as much as we can of that pressure. We feel good about the ability to offset a big piece of that again in the second quarter. And I think as we get to the fourth quarter when that headwind is only 15 basis points based on the trends we're seeing now, there could be an opportunity for us to improve GP margin overall.
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
That's super helpful. And then just the tone of client conversations and given the pricing discipline, is there any way to frame out how much revenue you kind of called out of the business just given, it just wasn't at kind of the rates that were acceptable to where you are?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, Kevin, we're very disciplined on our pricing. I don't know that we have a specific number that we can cite. But if you look at the actions we've taken, for instance, in the Netherlands, you know, we've taken similar actions in the US and you heard Jack mentioned earlier that we're taking some actions similar to that also in Australia. We're very mindful of where we want to be in terms of our margin targets, and where we think that the market is in terms of how we should think of the value of our services and our solutions.
And from time to time, we come upon situations where either existing client relationships or even new client relationships don't really reflect that value. And we are then very disciplined in terms of making sure that we reflect that into our decisions in terms of engaging with those clients and providing those services. And this is the kind of environment where we have opportunities to offset those, maybe not at the top line, but certainly at the GP line, which can then translate into better operating margins as well. Jack maybe adding some detail to that?
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I would say to your point, it's always a balance for us. We're very focused on overall growth in our key markets, but with that being said, the right type of growth. And another example of that is in Australia, as I called out in my prepared comments. So we are going to be exiting some low-margin business in Australia that's going to improve our profitability, and we're going to do that carefully. And we're going to manage the overall equation but that will cause some temporary adjustments in the trends in certain key markets, and we'll call that out in advance. But I think on an overall basis, we continue to be very focused at market rate of growth in those markets.
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of Tobey Sommer of SunTrust. Your line is now open.
Tobey Sommer -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Thanks. As you closed out your prepared remarks, you talked a lot about analytics and comp data kind of a full offering that you've got in your higher value services. To what extent is that comprised of proprietary IT resident within the firm versus assembling licensed things that allow you to put together packages that you think are most attractive in the market?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, as -- thank you, Tobey, great question. So the items we were referring to, for instance, are IntelliReach, and that's our own platform. And that's a platform that we offer transparent analytics and compared to benchmarks, leveraging our own data. So while we're not a technology company in terms of having to own the technology, we are very careful in ensuring that we have ownership of the data so we can derive value for our clients and our candidates, based on insights, forecast and analytics of that data. And we've really seen a demand from our clients to be able to provide that kind of insight as human capital and workforce strategies are a core to executing on business strategies. And we're predicting that this trend is just going to continue.
And as you heard Jack say earlier and myself as well in our prepared remarks, technology is going to be core to our ability to evolve our workforce solutions and services. And the insight that we derive from our proprietary data and play back to insights and support to our clients and candidates is going to be a crucial part of that strategy.
Tobey Sommer -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Thank you. With respect to the IT staffing business in the US, how long you think it takes for you to close the gap to industry growth? And where would you -- how would you describe that growth in the market today?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I would say that the demand for IT services and solutions in the US is still solid, and we've been working on closing the gaps through various actions, very pleased to see that those actions are now starting to come to fruition. We know we still have more work to do. We do want to get there in the right way. You've heard us talk about an improved margin profile and better bill rates in the US. So this gives us the opportunity to get there in the right way, but it's going to take some time, but we're pleased with the progress so far, just not the speed, and we're working on continuing to improve that business in the US because we think there's still good opportunities for us to see GP margin expansion as well as revenue growth in this market.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Manav Patnaik of Barclays. Your line is now open.
Ryan Leonard -- Barclays -- Analyst
This is Ryan on for Manav. Just a question in terms of the restructuring initiatives. Obviously, you've been doing this against the backdrop of declining growth. If things were to rebound and revenue growth kind of comes back, do you need to add back resources? Or do you think this is a structurally leaner organization?
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
So Ryan, I'd say that's always part of the balance in looking at the current environment. What I would say is we're -- we have tremendous history in managing these movements in markets and that gives us confidence that we would be able to take the actions needed if we decide that we needed to ramp up. When we look at the overall environment, and I think Jonas talked about the stability that we're starting to see in some of these key markets in Europe, that's taken into consideration when we make the adjustments that we make. So stability positions us for further growth if conditions improve. And we're poised to move quickly to be able to take advantage of that. So at this stage, we feel we've made the right level of adjustments. We haven't cut too deep, but we've made appropriate adjustments based on the current market. And I think we feel very good about the ability to move quickly if market conditions improve and that means up or down going forward.
Ryan Leonard -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks. And then I guess, it's been a while since you provided the long-term targets, but obviously, a lot has changed since then. I mean any update on thinking there whether it'd be timing or even just the level of long-term margins since a lot has changed over that time?
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Ryan, I'd say not a lot has changed in the environment since we talked about our new financial targets. But one of the reasons we didn't specifically talk about a time line was just due to the market uncertainty of what could be happening in the very near term. But what I would say considering that is in terms of the targets themselves, nothing has changed. We still feel very, very good about our ability to hit those targets over time. Certainly, the revenue environment that we're experiencing in the last few quarters has not been helpful.
Certainly, we've been in a deleveraging perspective from -- in terms of operating profit margin. But on an overall basis, that's not stopping us from doing the initiatives that we've talked about, about continuing to improve the efficiency of our business overall. I think the first quarter actions show you examples of where we're continuing to do that. And we're going to continue to execute on what we can control and that will improve our efficiency and increase our ability to hit those operating profit margins over time.
Ryan Leonard -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of Dan Dolev of Nomura. Your line is now open.
Dan Dolev -- Nomura -- Analyst
Hey, thank you for taking my question guys. From the US perspective, it's nice to see the improvement. Can you maybe just give us a sense of how much of that is -- those measures that you were talking about versus the actual macro getting better? Thank you.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I'd say, Dan, that most of that improvement comes on the back of the initiatives that we have taken. We've talked about this in the past that we were very confident in the changes that we've made in the US, very confident in the initiatives that we were pleased with the progress, not pleased about the speed. And the speed of course relates to the fact that we want to get there in the right way and in a sustainable way. So the market, if anything has maybe, if you look at industry stats, softened a little bit, although we still think there's good opportunities in the US, the growth rate clearly has come down. But I think that our actions are showing that they are producing the results that we're looking for. We know we still have more work to do to get back to market, especially on the Experis side. I think from a Manpower perspective, we're closing the gap very nicely. But we're focused on ensuring that we keep on making progress on both -- in both of those brands and also take advantage of all the opportunities we see on the solutions side in the US.
Dan Dolev -- Nomura -- Analyst
Got it. I appreciate it. And really quick question on France, I think -- sorry, if I missed it. I think you said that you're expecting kind of similar levels of growth now in the second quarter versus that flat growth, but you are facing a much easier compare, I think, over 700 basis points. So I just want to make sure I didn't miss like if you kind of specify the actual growth rate in France that you're anticipating in the second quarter on an ADR basis. Thank you.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Dan. I'd say just to clarify that we did say we expect the second quarter trend equal to the first quarter trend. What that means on the days adjusted basis is basically flat. Flat in the second quarter year-over-year days adjusted. In France, the days actually don't have a big impact on the overall constant currency like they did in the first quarter, but that basically takes us to a level similar to the first quarter. And that incorporates what I was speaking to when I talked about the trend during the quarter. We did see March come down a bit from February, and early April is in line with what we saw in March. So it hasn't stepped up since March, and that's why we're forecasting that flat level. It's what we're seeing at the moment, and that's what we're using for guidance. Thanks.
Dan Dolev -- Nomura -- Analyst
Very helpful. Thank you so much. Happy Easter.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. Happy Easter to you as well Dan.
Operator
Thank you. And the next question is from Hamzah Mazari of Macquarie Capital. Your line is now open.
Hamzah Mazari -- Macquarie Capital -- Analyst
Good morning. My question is on just long-term gross margins. So specifically, how much room do you have to increase mix toward more midsize customers versus sort of larger enterprises? Does the go-to-market strategy have to change for that? Or are you in a position to be able to increase that mix? Any color there.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Hamzah. Yes. No, we think we have some good opportunities in a number of areas to ensure that we move our mix. So first of all, Experis and our Solutions business are higher margin than the Manpower business itself, and of course, also Right Management. So to the extent that we managed to grow those businesses faster, which was the case in the first quarter, then we are able to shift the mix favorably in the margin.
But both within Experis and within Manpower, in particular, we think we have great opportunities to continue to drive permanent placement as our clients see us as providing not only a temporary or contract talent but also for permanent recruitment needs. And we have good opportunities to do that. We've made some excellent progress, and our percentage of GP in terms of perm was at 17.3%, so one of the highest we've seen.
So very strong perm presence already with more room to grow there, which will help us diversify the GP mix. And the midsize segment in terms of our client base is something that we're actively focusing on, and we think we have some good opportunities also to continue to grow that part of the client segments in especially our Manpower brand and that's what we're focused on.
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
I would just add briefly to that, that we actually -- I talk about the improvement in the underlying staffing margin trends. Part of that improvement is due to the fact we have been successful in increasing our -- we refer to this convenience, but convenience in SMB-related buyers activity. We've been very successful in growing that in certain markets at a faster pace than our enterprise growth in recent quarters, and that clearly will have a positive impact. That's one of our key initiatives that we're working on in all of our key markets going forward. And that's part of the reason we're starting to see some of that improvement as well.
Hamzah Mazari -- Macquarie Capital -- Analyst
Great. And just a follow-up question. We -- you talked about the European employment cycle and the improvement in France and Northern Europe, you touched on weakness in Germany, et cetera. But could you just comment on your view on EU tariffs, whether that will impact your business. It feels like the China tariffs didn't have a massive impact on you. But given your EU exposure, are you concerned there? Or should investors be worried there? Or is it just a known event? Thank you.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I think all of Europe has been subject to the forces of unilateralism, protectionism and populism to varying degrees. And at a macro level, it appears that the soft patch that Europe is in now and has been for a number of quarters, and frankly also the global growth has been slower, appears to at least in part to be affected by uncertainty around trade. And we don't have any anecdotal client-specific examples where client would tells us, look, we're not expanding because we're worried about trade barriers and the increase in tariffs. But I think at a macro level that certainly has added a significant amount of uncertainty.
Now today, it appears in terms of Europe that the Brexit concerns, although still very uncertain, the worst solutions or the hard Brexit options appear to be slightly more off the table, which could be positive, resolving China, US as well as Europe, China and Europe, US trade concerns at those ease. That would certainly also be a positive in terms of removing that overhang of uncertainty. So while we can't directly point to any clients that have cited an impact on the trade, I'm sure that, that is part of the overhang in terms of the slower patch that we've seen from a growth perspective at a global level and certainly also in a number of countries in Europe.
Hamzah Mazari -- Macquarie Capital -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And the next question is from the line of Mark Marcon of R.W. Baird. Your line is now open.
Mark Marcon -- RW Baird -- Analyst
Good morning, Jonas and Jack. I was wondering, can we talk a little bit about just the expected timeframe in terms of the payback with regards to the restructuring or how investors should think about that in terms of if we stay at a relatively constant revenue level? And obviously that's not going to be the case, but just for -- from a supposition or hypothetical perspective, how the restructuring would play out in terms of savings?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, Mark. What I'd say is the restructuring -- when we see the full run rate savings of that restructuring happening in Q3, when you think about Q2, think of about 75% of that run rate savings coming in. So we talked about payback over the next 12 months. Think of that is roughly $10 million a quarter and 75% in Q2 and pretty much full run rate savings coming from Q3 on. And I'd say that looking forward, that's what our expectation would be going forward on an annualized basis based on the actions we've taken.
Mark Marcon -- RW Baird -- Analyst
Great. And then when you think about Germany and the Netherlands, there've been some regulatory changes as well as certainly trade-related concerns and then there is submissions in auto manufacturing sector. How are you thinking about like when the overall environment should end up stabilizing over there and potentially turning back up. I know it's hard to say, but just how are you thinking about it?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
The estimate of when the manufacturing sector turns around, of course, Mark, is really hard to provide. But you can see on the PMI that Germany has actually been one of the weakest countries across Europe. But we were pleased to see this morning that the PMI although still weak, is -- appears to have been stabilizing also in Germany, although it was a little bit below expectations. So stabilization is of course the front runner to going in the opposite direction.
Earlier we talked about the uncertainties around trade and the impact that, that has had as well as the automotive changes in terms of legislation that you referred to as those inventories in Germany worked their way through. We can be hopeful that, that industry is going to start to turn around a bit and that's of course a big driver of manufacturing-related activities in Germany. Hard to tell when that's going to happen, but looking at the estimated growth rates for Germany, one would hope that this would happen sometime in the second half of the year.
In terms of the impact of some of the legislative changes in Germany, it happens against the backdrop of some industries that are doing very well in terms of the services, part of the economy in Germany, it's positive. And that means demand for labor is high and unemployment is low. So finding skill talent is difficult. And we have clearly seen an increase in conversions in our business over the last couple of quarters, so hard to tell when that trend is going to reverse.
If some of that was driven by the legislative changes, but we're hopeful that the stabilization that we saw in the quarter is going to be a good starting point for us to start to make our way back to market level performance also in Germany. Although we have a lot of work to do and it's going to take time. We're confident that the actions we've taken are going to give us that opportunity to get back to market.
Mark Marcon -- RW Baird -- Analyst
Great. And then one last one, Jonas if I may. With regards to France, obviously, there's been a lot of discussion with regards to some of the social changes. Is it your sense that as it relates to the current understanding in terms of the way that the CICE makeups or in terms of that structure, do you think that remains in place? Or is that under any sort of flux?
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
As it relates to the CICE changes and it now changed to the taxable subsidy that then would -- that has replaced it. Our understanding is that there are no plans at this point to change any of those plans. As you -- as I'm sure you could see Macron was going to give a big policy speech on Monday, which got canceled due to the unfortunate events at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris some of that has leaked out the speech that he was supposed to give, and none of that indicated any changes to the areas that would concern our business at this point. So we'll stay tuned to that, and we look at various changes as you correctly described market dynamic environment in France.
But overall, the French government is intent on making France more competitive as a place to invest and as the place to grow. And I don't see that changing with any of the legislations that are planned, proposed or change. They are still very focused on that, and big part of that is to make an encouraged labor market flexibility in a sustainable way and ensure that the cost of labor goes down. And I don't see any the changes coming to that intent.
Mark Marcon -- RW Baird -- Analyst
Perfect. Thank you.
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. And with that, we have come to the end of our Q1 earnings call. We look forward to speaking with you again on our second quarter earnings call. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. And this does conclude today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may disconnect now.
Duration: 66 minutes
Call participants:
Jonas Prising -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jack McGinnis -- Chief Financial Officer
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Tim McHugh -- William Blair -- Analyst
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Tobey Sommer -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Ryan Leonard -- Barclays -- Analyst
Dan Dolev -- Nomura -- Analyst
Hamzah Mazari -- Macquarie Capital -- Analyst
Mark Marcon -- RW Baird -- Analyst
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