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US Concrete Inc (USCR)
Q3 2019 Earnings Call
Nov 8, 2019, 10:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the U.S. Concrete Inc Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Mr. John Kunz, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Thank you. Please go ahead.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you Riche. Good morning, and welcome to US Concrete third quarter 2019 earnings call. Joining me on the call today are Bill Sandbrook, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Ronnie Pruitt, our President and Chief Operating Officer. We will make some prepared remarks, after which we will open the call to questions.
Before I turn the call over to Bill, I would like to cover a few administrative items. A presentation to facilitate today's discussion is available in the Investor Relations section of our website. As detailed on page 2 of our presentation, today's call will include forward-looking statements as defined by the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially.
Except as legally required, we undertake no obligation to update or conform such statements to actual results or changes in our expectations. For a list of these factors, please refer to the legal disclaimers and risk factors contained in our filings with the SEC. Please note that you can find the reconciliations and other information regarding the non-GAAP financial measures that we will discuss on this call in the Form 8-K filed earlier today. If you would like to be on an email distribution list to receive future news releases, please sign up in the Investor Relations section of our website under email alert.
If you would like to listen to a replay of today's call, it will be available in the Investor Relations section of our website under Events and Presentations. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Bill.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, John. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our call. In light of continued strength in each of our markets and improved weather patterns, I am pleased to announce that our quarterly revenue hit a record high of $409 million. The growth in revenue was driven by higher ready-mix volumes and increased average sales prices in our aggregates and ready-mix product lines. Our total adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $62 million, a record high as well. And our adjusted EBITDA margins came in at 15.2% with the increased volumes contributing to these improvements.
With our overall volume and revenue growth, are a bit lower than we anticipated, we did however see meaningful volume growth in our Texas markets. Our volume growth was tempered somewhat by labor shortages in Texas, the softness in the residential housing markets in Northern California and a continued erosion of the New York City Union ready-mix markets by nonunion competitors. The continued economic expansion and the overall growth of the North Texas markets has limited the availability of commercial truck drivers. We continue to aggressively recruit drivers, but the strengthening economy, the low unemployment rate and the numerous alternate employment opportunities makes the job of recruitment and retention more difficult than it has been in the past, limiting our ability to fully utilize our fleet and capture additional incremental market share.
While the driver shortage presents its challenges, it does speak to the continued strength of the underlying demand environment in our North Texas markets. We are aggressively pursuing non-traditional avenues to source and retain drivers in these markets and fully expect to overcome these challenges going into the new year. Our volumes in Northern California market are being impacted by a temporary slowdown in the residential housing markets.
While there is an increase in housing in the Central and Sacramento valley areas, where we do not participate, the exact opposite is the case for our markets in the Bay Area.
However, both at the state and local government levels and within the tech industry itself, the critical shortage of available affordable housing is recognized as being aggressively addressed through creative changes in permitting, zoning and financing alternatives. Additionally, while funding for new infrastructure projects under SB1 is being released, some of the larger projects such as Highway 99 and Interstate 5 in the Central Valley are outside of our service area.
Furthermore, in certain California regions the release of funds seems to be taking a bit longer than initially expected. And these funding delays were not anticipated earlier in the year. However, the Silicon Valley tech industry and the commercial sector remained vibrant, with many new projects on the horizon in 2020.
In New York, the competitive dynamic continues to migrate towards the non-union markets. The migration of work is not overly concerning as we participate in both the union and non-union markets, but the management of the workforce between the two presents its challenges. And we are confident that we have the correct operating model going into 2020.
As for pricing, we experienced some negative mix effects from a higher percentage of our ready-mix business shifting to the Dallas Metro markets from our Northern California markets, due to the factors previously discussed. As we have described on previous calls, our pricing in Dallas is materially lower than San Francisco because of structural cost differences. Do not let mix and its effect on average selling price mask the true strength of underlying regional real price increases.
Turning to our aggregate results, while we did experience a slight decline in aggregate volumes during the quarter, the decline was driven primarily by the logistics associated with our Polaris aggregate supply chain and a temporary low in the Bay Area residential markets. Some of our shipments were deferred into the fourth quarter as one of the ships in the rotation experienced propeller issue causing it to be temporarily taken out of service.
However, the lost volume in the quarter did not limit the team's ability to improve efficiency and profitability. Aggregate volumes in our Central and Atlantic regions were up versus the prior year period due to continued steady demand in those regions. The flooding on the Red River has subsided and production is returning to more normal levels in that location as well.
Significant operational improvements in both our Texas and New Jersey aggregate operations were evident in our improved margins in the quarter.
I'll now turn the call over to Ronnie to take us through each of our markets and to highlight our margin improvement progress.
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, Bill and good morning, everyone. As I mentioned on our previous calls, we have undertaken several strategic initiatives to improve margins across all areas of our company. These initiatives include delivery, mix, process and customer optimization. The continued development of our proprietary dispatching system WheresMyConcrete along with the embedded CRM system will play a critical role in the success of these initiatives.
To that end, I recently traveled throughout our regions hosting a series of town hall meetings with numerous members of our US Concrete team. During these meetings we discussed our C3 discipline of courage, compassion and credibility within our workforce while also reinforcing our process improvement initiatives throughout the regions. The overwhelming positive response from our team members not only embracing, but owning these goals is extremely encouraging.
We have a tremendous amount of work ahead, but I am confident in our margin improvement initiatives. As I mentioned before, our digital transformation strategy will be critical piece of our successful path. As such, we are continuing to increase our investment in the technology with the objective of improving the customer experience, while at the same time increasing revenue and reducing costs.
Our digital platform, WheresMyConcrete will be the cornerstone of the digital transformation initiative with the continued development of its core quote-to-cash functionality, mobile applications, analytics and artificial intelligence. Feedback from our early adopters of WheresMyConcrete confirms the substantial benefits to our regional teams and customer-based on enhanced transparency and improved data analytics, which is leading to more informed and quicker decision making. Beyond the targeted value proposition that WheresMyConcrete delivers to our business, our technology team is identifying even more ways to leverage this technology to further enhance the customer experience along with our delivery efficiencies.
Now let me spend some time on our regional performance. Our central region, which includes Texas, Oklahoma and the USVI operations, represented 37% of our revenue this quarter. This region continues to show strong demand as we see the North Dallas area attract new corporate office relocations, leading to added jobs and population growth. One of the more exciting additions to the corporate landscape is Uber bringing 3,000 jobs and its plan to spend more than $75 million in capital outside of Downtown Dallas. Microsoft is also expanding its reach in the North Texas market by moving more of its operations to Irving, while investing over $31 million in capital. These investments will further enhance Dallas's position as a technology hub, which should drive further investment from this sector in the future.
We are also continuing to see vertical construction outside of the traditional Downtown Dallas setting. The West Plano area, a major area of recent job growth is getting its tallest tower yet. Plans for 415,000 square foot mixed use development that will top out at 18 stories is set to begin construction in early 2020. The continued future growth in the North Dallas market will be supported by the record lettings expected and the many non-DOT projects planned.
Recently Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport and American Airlines announced plans to invest $3.5 billion to develop a 6th terminal. A significant non-DOT project that is showing major potential, passing many hurdles to get towards construction is the $16 billion high-speed rail project that will connect Dallas to Houston, which will utilize nearly 10 million cubic yards of concrete.
Just to put that in perspective, that's nearly three times as much as we used to –or as was used to construct the Hoover Dam. Strengthening our position in this market, we continue to focus on vertical integration opportunities. We recently began commissioning on one of our previously mentioned greenfield aggregate plant, MW Ranch located south of the DFW Metroplex. This operation will serve both internal needs as well as grow our external customer base in this high growth area of the Metroplex. We anticipate this plant being fully operational by the end of this year.
We are also progressing with the modernization of our Amarillo aggregate operation. This new production facility should be fully operational in the first half of 2020 and add much needed production capacity as well as lower production cost supporting our downstream assets in this high growth West Texas market.
Our West region, which includes Northern California ready-mix operations and Polaris aggregates, represented approximately 30% of our revenue this quarter. This market is seeing strong results in commercial construction, driven by the tech sector and public programs. We are confident that infrastructure spin will continue to support this sector as funding from California's SB1 legislation continues to be more widely rolled out. This is an important step for the safety of all the constituents of California and further supports both our aggregate and ready-mix concrete operations.
More specifically, Polaris will benefit from increased aggregate demand in both Northern and Southern California as ready-mix demand increases from these public projects. While we have seen some softness in the residential housing markets that we serve, we feel confident that the spin for commercial, industrial and infrastructure projects should mitigate this softness. In fact, Facebook recently announced they are committing $1 billion towards better land utilization for housing middle-income workers and more appropriate housing that help solve many other entities needs.
Apple has committed $2.5 billion towards affordable housing in California, while Google has also committed $1 billion for housing development. The East region, which includes New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia and DC, Virginia represented 33% of our revenue this quarter. We have a high degree of optimism in this regional market and are seeing the benefits from strategic changes we made to our sales structure earlier this year, specifically, greater alignment with our customers and markets.
In the New York region, we are experiencing a more competitive landscape of non-union contractors gaining opportunities from union projects. With the shift in work to the outer boroughs, our footprint gives us a distinct advantage that allows us to competitively pursue work while controlling delivery costs.
This can be seen in our high-profile work that we have across all boroughs that will continue to drive volumes well into next year. We are also aggressively focused on driver recruitment, and training to help us overcome delivery issues and further reduce delivery and personnel costs. New York is also taking infrastructure very seriously. Like many of our other markets, they are doing what is necessary to handle the specific needs to support the safety and sustainability of their community.
The New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority recently approved a $51.5 billion capital plan to overhaul the city's transportation system. Plans for the Big U, the $1 billion wall and park around the southern tip of Manhattan, seems to be moving forward with funds awarded and the September flooding providing a stark reminder of the need. Staten Island is also planning to build a protective wall to defend against the possibility of storm surges and reduce the impact of flood related damages.
With regards to aggregates, we are in the process of enhancing the output of both of our Northern New Jersey aggregate operations. Through both increased reserves as well as additional processing equipment, we anticipate better efficiencies and increased production throughout the next calendar year. We have also continued to enhance our sand operations in South Jersey, which we transport by water into the New York market. We anticipate these enhancements to continue to provide more efficient operating cost as well as additional long-term capacity improvements. In our Washington DC market we continue to see growth spurred by Amazon's HQ2, a 19-story mixed use tower was approved to be built in Pentagon City. Recent news is also out about one of Amazon subsidiaries Perspecta, expanding Amazon's data center portfolio with a new facility in Northern Virginia.
This adds to what is expected to be an economic boon for the Northern Virginia area from the data center market. Each of our markets presents their own positive outlook for continued building and growth, reaffirming confidence in our construction markets. Now, I would like to turn the call over to John to discuss our financial results.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks Ronnie. For the third quarter, our total revenue of $409 million and adjusted EBITDA of $62 million, both of which were all time company records, were driven by higher ready-mix volumes, which resulted from more favorable weather conditions and an active construction economy. Our material spread was $65.94 on a dollar per cubic yard basis. Our EBITDA adjustments for the quarter relate primarily to stock compensation, acquisition-related costs and officer transition expenses. SG&A was 7.8% of revenue for the third quarter of 2019, compared to 8% in the prior year quarter.
Adjusted SG&A, excluding stock compensation, acquisition-related costs and officer transition expenses was 6.3% of revenue in the third quarter of 2019, compared to 6.6% in the prior year quarter, primarily reflecting the impact of higher revenue. As we discussed previously, stock compensation expense was higher as our annual awards were made at the beginning of March, but the valuation for accounting purposes did not take place until shareholder approval at our Annual Meeting in May.
In 2019, we expect our adjusted effective tax rate to be approximately 27% for the full year and our interest expense is expected to be around $46 million. Our adjusted effective tax rate of 27% is based on the expectation that language unfavorable to manufacturers related to the interest deduction limitation currently included in the proposed regulation is removed by the treasury in the final version. As of September 30th, our total debt, including current maturities, was $706 million and we reported $72 million in operating lease liabilities.
As of September 30th, we had total liquidity of $263 million, including $27 million of cash and cash equivalents and $236 million of availability under our revolver. Our net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA was 3.7 times. With our anticipated improvement in volumes and performance in the fourth quarter versus the year ago quarter, we would expect to see further reduction in this ratio at year end. We continue to have a solid liquidity position and no near-term maturities associated with our senior notes or ABL facility.
Moving to our cash flow and balance sheet, during the third quarter of 2019 we generated $51.5 million of cash provided by our operating activity as compared to $42.3 million in the prior year quarter. We generated $41.5 million of adjusted free cash flow compared to $45.5 million in the prior year quarter, remembering that last year's cash flow included $16 million from the sale of our Dallas line business. We will continue to focus on managing working capital and capital expenditures in the coming quarter to generate increased cash flow.
We make contingent consideration payments associated with past acquisitions of approximately $23 million during the third quarter of 2019 and expect that any further contingent consideration payments in Q4 would not be significant. During the third quarter of 2019, we spent approximately $10.5 million on capital expenditures, primarily related to our plants and machinery and equipment to support the continued demand in our markets compared to approximately $11.4 million for the same period last year.
For the full year of 2019, we continue to anticipate managing capital expenditures in the range of $30 million to $35 million and anticipate that our equipment acquired through capital leases would be in the $20 million to $25 million range, excluding capital for the development of Texas aggregates quarry. Our cash flow from operating activities are expected to be in the range of 50% to 60% of adjusted EBITDA. We continue to see a robust demand environment as we look to build upon our third quarter results. We anticipate continued solid cash flow generation along with sufficient liquidity to support our ongoing operational needs.
I'll now turn the call back over to Bill.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, John. As we look into the fourth quarter and into 2020, our customers are telling us to expect a continuation of the type of activity that we have seen in the past few years. There continues to be a solid pipeline of projects coming to market with meaningful volumes and solid margin potential. Visibility for 2020 is becoming clear as we near the end of the year and our customers remain positive on the cycle and the outlook for continued growth. So far, the fourth quarter has gotten off to a good start with volumes exceeding their levels of a year ago.
As we refine our 2019 full year guidance, we anticipate total revenue and EBITDA to be around the lower range of our previous guidance. As we look out into 2020, our preliminary view anticipates low to mid single-digit volume growth and low to mid single digit growth in pricing. In closing, I want to emphasize that we will continue to work strategically and operationally on the areas of our business that we believe will most efficiently and effectively enhance shareholder value. We intend to actively pursue our strategic vision to build and profitably grow defensible, vertically integrated positions in major metropolitan markets, with an increase in concentration on aggregates, in order to create unique market-leading and value enhancing franchises, which are impossible to replicate.
With this focused strategic vision, we believe we are well positioned to successfully execute on our plans to maximize shareholder value over the long-term. Thank you for your interest in US Concrete.
We would now like to turn the call back over to Riche for the question-and-answer session.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Trey Grooms with Stephens Inc.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Hey, good morning.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Trey.
Good morning.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
So few on the end markets first. So North Texas, clearly strong fundamentals, but you're being constrained by the drivers or availability of drivers. So I know the outlook for demand is good there. But why would this labor issue change anytime soon? And do you think that's going to continue to kind of constrain you guys’ ability to benefit from the strong market going forward.
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Hi, Trey. This is Ronnie. Yeah, I think as we move into the future of what we're doing for labor, I mean, our focus has been really on hiring and hiring and hiring. And I think we're doing a really good job of attracting. Where we've seen the most impact on that is really on our turnover and the ability for these drivers to pick and choose to move not only to other companies that may be competitors, but also other industries like Bill referred to earlier.
So our focus now is really a retention effort just as heavy as the hiring effort. And I truly believe we can have an impact on that. The demand like you said is there. And it's really going to come down to our ability and our customers' ability on the labor side as well. Customers that place and finish also have been struggling with labor as well. So, on a positive side, I think we've got a lot of good programs in place that will be focusing on the turnover piece and the retention piece, but at the end of the day, Trey, I mean what this also should bode to is better pricing in DFW. That's what we have to see is better pricing moving forward in DFW and that's what we're going to be pushing.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Okay, all right. That makes sense. And then just on the guidance. So low end of the full-year top line guide implies a pretty good rebound in your year-over-year top line growth in the 4Q versus what we saw in 3Q and it's not the easiest comp in the world.
So what's -- given the headwinds that you mentioned that kind of constrained you in the 3Q, what's the level of confidence in kind of getting to that low end of the range?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Trey, we feel pretty confident. I mean if you look at the guidance that we gave, if we’re guiding to the low end of the range, it's really suggesting the revenue right around that $400 million mark, maybe a little higher, to get to that low end of the range and your EBITDA number is going to be 56 plus in that range.
When you talk about that in light of where -- how we performed in Q3 and your quarter-over-quarter comparison, we feel relatively confident with where we are. As Bill mentioned, our volumes are ahead of where we were last year at this time and we see continued progress like we have in the first month or a little bit over a month now, we feel pretty confident that we can get there.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. Last one for me is the ship being down, if you could quantify the impact from that in the quarter on your shipments. And are those shipments delayed or were they picked up by somebody else. Or is it just kind of gone? And then also, is that issue behind you at this point?
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. The issue is behind us and it is delayed and it is deferred and it is not picked up by anyone else. And really where it impacted us was in the Southern California going to Long Beach. It was a ship going to Long Beach and so the delay on -- if you said there is 70 plus thousand tons per ship and we missed about a ship and a half. I mean that's kind of the context of that, but it's not lost, it’s deferred because those projects are specified with Polaris Materials.
So we will be continuing to supply those projects. It was really just a flow and we'll make that up.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
And that's baked into the Q4 numbers as well. Our expectation is that ship will be able to -- we'll be able to make those shipments up in Q4.
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
And Trey I would also add, on your previous question what John said, don't underestimate the initiatives that we have. I mean I think we're seeing good improvement in our margin profile. And I think the changes and the focus we have on optimization of our delivery cost and all the other things that we're focused on will continue to show positive results into the fourth quarter. So I know it is a tough comp, but just to understand that we're focused on those margin improvements and that's not going to stop.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Yeah, I did want to say, good job on the EBITDA margin. That was a good showing there and I know that's something you guys have been striving for and working hard at. So hats off to you on the margin, and I'll. --
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Thanks a lot.
Operator
And your next question comes from the line of Larry Solow with CJS Securities.
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Great, thanks, good morning guys.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning.
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Can you maybe just discuss a little bit more on the pricing? I fully get a little bit of a mix shift obviously to Dallas area, which is growing faster. But can you maybe just give us a little more color on the individual markets and then the trends in Dallas, perhaps maybe I think the price increase late in this year will help next year?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Yeah. Larry this is Ronnie. So I can give you some broad trends on what we're seeing in the markets by our regional profile. I would tell you on the West side, even though we're seeing what we've talked about on the housing slow, the pricing is extremely strong and we're seeing mid to high single-digit price increases year-over-year in the West.
In the Northeast, the Atlantic market, we're seeing the same kind of trends with mid low single-digit price increases year-over-year. And yeah on DFW we've talked about the competitive nature here and the things we've seen in this market. So I would say and what we define as central, which is DFW West Texas, Oklahoma and USVI, if you pull DFW, obviously DFW is flat to a little down, the rest of the markets in Texas are good, and so we're seeing the same mid-level single digit increases year-over-year.
So it's really DFW and I think the impact of DFW, if you really go back to the second quarter and when all the weather that we talked about in the second quarter, when material price increases and ready-mixed price increases are normally happening in that second quarter, there were so many headwinds there with weather that coming out of that we just saw the flatness. And I do believe you'll see the continued improvement in our pricing in the DFW market going into this year into the next year and that's our focus.
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Okay. And on the volume, I know you called out a couple of things, which have been reoccurring certainly on the labor constraints. Obviously 2%, a little disappointing coming off a pretty wet Q3 of last year. The biggest driver, it’s just sort of that the lower numbers were less than I think even you guys expect a little bit. Is it Northern California, I'm just trying to bucket that in areas that could maybe improve or is it just a good mixture of residential in California, the labor issues in Dallas or is it just a mixture?
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, I mean I think we called out mix. And I would tell you that most of that is driven by the Northern California footprint that we have. And if you look at -- I mean it's, expectation wise, I know what people felt like we should have recovered in the third quarter in the DFW market. But overall, that was our second largest quarter volume wise for our DFW ready-mix assets.
So wouldn't overly bad, but labor is, there is more work out there if we have more labor. And I think everyone is consistent in saying that, that labor is the biggest force, but the market is extremely strong, on the public work side, on the commercial side, on the residential side, new homes being built, new buildings being built, everything is really strong in the DFW area.
So it's just going to be a continued focus on labor inefficiencies.
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
I got it. Yeah. And just to clarify, it definitely wasn't bad, it's just maybe some thought it could be a little better, but that's fine. And just lastly, any update on just switching gears to players. Any update on recent or pending contracts, whether it be Asia or what have you and then plans for the Black Bear quarry in 2020?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
So, as far as Black Bear goes, we're progressing with everything we've talked about in the past with permitting, engineering, plant design. We have several different projects going on there with the anticipation of that being full steam ahead in the following next year's calendar year. So I think we're right on plan and right on schedule for what we think is going to be happening at Black Bear.
As far as you know, Polaris, we're still, -- we still have the opportunities. We're not baking in anything for Asia, the projects -- these were project specific opportunities. The projects that we believe, the product would be used on in Asian markets are some very large infrastructure projects. Those projects have still not started, but we're not baking that into anything. If that opportunity comes, we're in a very good position to take advantage of that and if it doesn't, we're continuing to pursue other markets that we believe Polaris has the ability to serve as well.
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Got it. Great, thank you very much, I appreciate it.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from line of Paul Roger with Exane BNP Paribas.
Robert Whitworth -- Exane BNP Paribas -- Analyst
Hi, -- thank you very much for taking my question. This is actually Robert Whitworth on for Paul. I've got a couple of questions, I wanted to start with some metrics. How concerned are you about leading indicators like the Dodge index, the ABI index, which suggest non-resi markets could actually fall next year.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, this is Bill, Robert. We participated in all end markets, infrastructure, which is anticipated to be fairly healthy, especially with state’s self-help projects. Residential in most of our markets, as we described earlier in the call we are bullish going forward on Northern California. Actually, the New York housing numbers in September for total building permits that is for units to be constructed was up 68.3% over September 2018. The US Chamber of Commerce commercial construction index has83% of contractors reporting stable or increased project backlog, backlog meaning projects still to be built, and that's up 5% from quarter two. I'm not that concerned about the leading indicators, in fact I'm bullish with low unemployment rates, continued low interest rates, healthy backlogs in our customer base.
I'm more concerned with what we've talked about on this call on the labor being able to be available in order to accomplish all that both on our side of the supply chain and on our customer side. Every end of the economic forecasts that we look at from PCA, Portland Cement Association, the McKenzie report, all looks towards a stable to slightly growing construction environment in 2020.
So I'm more concerned about making sure we have the human capital resources to accomplish the opportunities that we face. And the offset of that in a constrained labor environment is going to be very bullish for pricing as Ronnie has already said previously in the call.
Robert Whitworth -- Exane BNP Paribas -- Analyst
Very clear. Thank you. And just my other follow-up question, you've briefly touched on that earlier on. But in terms of concrete margins, they’re usually full sequentially between Q3 and Q4.Do you expect this to happen sort of this year or could you hold sort of the Q3 levels that you've seen?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Good. Yeah so, Robert, if you look quarter-over-quarter versus Q4 of last year, Q4 last year was a challenging quarter for us. So we're certainly expecting to see margin improvement versus Q4 of last year. When you look at Q3, we expect, -- we don't expect to achieve the type of margins that we had in Q3. So we would expect an overall decline in that area. When you look at the guidance that we get, if we're at the low end of the range for our guidance, that would suggest right around a 13% full year margin. So if you back into the numbers, I would suggest right around 14% margin for EBITDA for the fourth quarter. So that's just the math of our guidance.
Robert Whitworth -- Exane BNP Paribas -- Analyst
That's pretty much what we had. Thanks, thanks for confirming. Thank you very much.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Rob.
Operator
Your next question from the line of Adam Thalhimer with Thompson Davis.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Hey, good morning guys.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Adam.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
So to get to $400 million of revenue for Q4, I think that implies a pretty small sequential, I guess decrease from Q3 to Q4. I mean do you think that the ready-mix volumes, the ags volumes for Q4 can be close to Q3?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Well, I think, as Bill talked about earlier, as of October, we were right in line with where we think we need to be. So the remainder of the year is going to become -- I mean we base this on normal weather. So that's the best we can do right now, let's say, what we believe normal weather is in our markets that we can get there and if it's abnormal weather and we've seen both sides of it.
We've seen drier weather in some places. We've seen wetter weather in other places. So we believe right now based on normal weather that we can, the demand is there.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Okay. Did you see any impact from the fires in California?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
We haven't seen any structural impact, we have had some power outages in some of our facilities. But we have not had any structural damages at all.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Okay. And then, Bill, I mean you sound good on New York. It's just this issue of the union versus non-union. Is that correct?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I'm fine on New York and I fully believe that we have our model sorted out. It's taken a while to source drivers into the B wage rate. The lower level of our labor agreement and that is just about completely sorted out now. The trick is delivering non-union or B-level work with B drivers. So there is some structural differences in pricing of those jobs and we have to ensure that we have the structurally lower priced labor available to deliver those B project.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Okay. And just lastly, the Dallas pricing, I think there was a price increase in October, did we talk about that at all?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
We did talk about an announced price increase in October, yes.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
And so do we have a sense of how that flowed through at this point?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
I think as we've explained in the past, with announced price increases in ready-mixed concrete, we get a chance to negotiate those jobs one by one. We get a chance every day literally, when we quote work to move that price. We have very good confidence that the pricing is going to continue to improve and that labor is going to drive a lot of that, where in the past it's been more tied to raw materials. And when cement went up or when aggregates went up, now it's going to be more tied to labor, which I think is a very good force to move pricing in this market.
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Okay, that's it from me. Thanks guys.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question right now Julio Romero with Sidoti & Company.
Julio Romero -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Hey, good morning everyone.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey Julio.
Julio Romero -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
You had mentioned you're focus on Texas is really about those driver retention initiatives. I wanted to ask, how that works alongside the operational initiatives you're doing at the same time to optimize some driver efficiency. Just thinking about those two areas of focus, you know from my point of view it looks like they might conflict going forward. So can you just talk about how you're planning to maybe balance both retention efforts and at the same time optimize efficiency?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So when we talk about retention efforts I mean the, -- and we have a lot of studies. We've done a lot of work with both some of our national associations as well as some other independent groups, and the majority of people leaving jobs is not due to pay. So everyone just automatically says well you must have to pay them more. It's not yet, it's scheduling, it's inconsistent communications. There is payers like number 5 on the list. And so we're investing in technology to say we're going to give our drivers more visibility into controlling their workday and the times they want to spend time with their family.
I mean it's, there's a lot of things going into this. There will not -- I believe it will be the opposite. But I believe it will make our drivers more efficient, which is our efficiency goals and driving down better productivity and better delivery times with these things we're investing in to make our drivers have more control over their daily schedule and more buy-in into what's happening and more accountability into their performance. So it's not just, we're just going to pay them more money and we think that solves the problem. That's not it.
Julio Romero -- Sidoti &Company, LLC -- Analyst
Understood. And maybe if you can give us a sense of maybe within this quarter what was the primary factor that maybe pressured some of your driver retention? Was it other ready-mix companies or other industries as you mentioned that also need drivers as well? But looking at it at least for 3Q, given the better weather backdrop, which one was maybe the biggest factor in the quarter?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I mean if you look at it quarter-over-quarter on a year-over-year basis, Dallas was still up. So it's our ability to maintain and put drivers in the seats is really our ability to meet anticipated growth moving forward. I mean it's not like we're looking up and saying, “Wow we lost 15% or 10%.” I mean we were up year-over-year and so it's more of our ability to predict and anticipate and put more drivers in the areas.
And when you look at Dallas, talk about the DFW Metroplex because it's not as easy as saying, well, it's just Dallas. It's 20 plus plants scattered over 150-mile radius that we consider DFW Metroplex. So it's a big area where we're trying to attract in the northern suburbs of Northwest, Fort Worth, at Southeast in the Midlothian area, out to Forney. I mean all of these areas have so much growth going on, but it's really our ability to reach outside of Dallas and find drivers in lot of these remote areas and so that's our focus. But I just don't want to lose the fact that Dallas was up, and we're continuing to see great opportunities, which as Bill said and as I want to reinforce, gives us extreme confidence in our pricing in this market.
Julio Romero -- Sidoti &Company, LLC -- Analyst
Helpful. And if I could just squeeze one last one here is, do you still feel on track to drive those 150 basis points of margin expansion, underlying over the next 12 to 18 months.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes, I think we're very much in line and we have those programs in place and we're tracking everything. And at the end of the day, as someone had mentioned, I mean it's our confidence in the market too. So when we have the confidence we have in the market, we can put these programs in place to drive more efficiencies based on the underlying demand of our products that we believe is very strong.
Julio Romero -- Sidoti &Company, LLC -- Analyst
Great, thanks very much and best of luck in Q4.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks Julio.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Your next question comes from line of Stanley Elliott with Stifel.
Stanley Elliott -- Stifel -- Analyst
Hey, morning, guys. Thank you for taking my question. I apologize if you guys mentioned this. Did you all say anything about backlogs at the end of the quarter and I missed it?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
No, we didn't. And one of the things I've mentioned I think I mentioned with you and at your conference as well. Our backlog is non-contractual. So I mean it's not really a good indicator. I mean we provide revenue guidance. But with that said, our backlog is consistent with where it was last year. We were right around the $8 million yard mark last year in Q3. Our backlog is same. But going forward, we don't anticipate continuing to provide that just because we do provide revenue guidance and it's non-contractual.
Stanley Elliott -- Stifel -- Analyst
That's fair. You all talked about some of the improvements that your customers are seeing and that you're seeing from some of the analytics that you're putting out in the marketplace. I guess one, is it going to require additional capital spend into next year for that? And then two, is there any sort of way to quantify some of the savings that you all are seeing or maybe they are seeing and making you more of a preferred vendor?
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Yes. It is going to require an additional capital spend. So we're in the middle of both the rollout and the development and will continue to develop on WheresMyConcrete and our CRM.
The benefits that provides us is that we're in control. And we know what drives our business, so we know what technology we need to develop to focus on the areas that are really impactful around the lack of analytics or the lack of decision making. So everything we do in that system is going to make us a better company not only for ourselves operationally, but for our customers to do business with.
So we've rolled out not only the dispatching system in New York and Washington DC, New Jersey, now we're starting in Texas. We are also rolling up the customer apps that gives our customers more visibility into their orders, into their timing of trucks, into their billing, electronic billing, paperless. I mean all these things we're doing as an industry which may sound very slow to the normal person that says, we've been doing this in our real lives for 10 years and the ready mix industry is just catching up, which is true, but just think about the efficiencies. We believe we can gain just the efficiency you've gained in your life off of your technology. And that's what we're pushing is to catch up to where real life is and we've got some -- a lot of steps to take.
So we're going to continue to invest, and it's both development cost and headcount and people and then as we roll out, training and more development of our own internal users of it.
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Stanley, let me clarify to just for the accounting side of it. When you talk about capital investment, it's both going to be capital from a capex perspective and then an investment from an operating expense perspective. So we will be incurring additional costs from an operating expense perspective for this as we head into 2020.
Stanley Elliott -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay and then lastly, is there a way to kind of quantify the savings you all are going to see on a kind of run rate go-forward basis by kind of differentiating the A labor rates from the B labor rates in New York or maybe how much you could save? And then I guess lastly the confidence around having all of that kind of matched up here on a go-forward basis.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So when you talk about the difference in A versus B and our ability to serve the B-market with the right amount of drivers in the seats and the right footprint that we have, that difference is on the labor cost side of it. It's about a 10% to 15% savings on just labor cost alone.
And then our ability to write source that. And so where we're located at being able to, it didn't affect the delivery cost of it with the other efficiencies we gain. So that's kind of the magnitude of where we could pick up on the delivery piece of that.
Stanley Elliott -- Stifel -- Analyst
Perfect, guys. Thank you very much. Best of luck.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks Stanley.
Operator
And your next question comes from the line of Bill Newby with DA Davidson.
Bill Newby -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst
Good morning guys, Bill on for Brent today. Thanks for taking my questions.
Bill you mentioned the strong permit in New York. I guess, do you see any potential for a more significant volume shift, I guess, back into the Manhattan area from the boroughs over the next year, just given what you see in front of you?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I would say perhaps marginal because we are in a little bit of a lull on high-rise construction in Manhattan. But we're looking at equivalent margins on A and B work. So I wouldn't look at the mix of high-rise versus mid-rise, low-rise construction in Manhattan versus the other four boroughs as a real determinant of our profitability or overall EBITDA opportunities in New York. I think what's more important is our ability to deliver B rate work with B rate drivers to drive that margin effectively. So I'd say it's marginally improved high-rise construction, but that's not the driver of it. I am bullish on overall New York opportunities.
Bill Newby -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst
Got it, got it. That's helpful. And then I guess on the aggregate side, it seems kind of industry commentary for next year seems to be for pricing seems to be kind of in that mid single-digit range. I understand you guys don't want to get too far ahead and guide for next year, but is that kind of consistent with what you're seeing in a reasonable starting point as we think about 2020?
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, that's consistent.
Bill Newby -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst
Okay. All right. That's all I have. Thanks for taking my questions.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And I will turn it back over to Bill Sandbrook, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for closing remarks.
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay, thank you Riche and thank you everyone for participating in the call this morning and for your continued support of US Concrete. This concludes our call and we look forward to discussing our fourth quarter and full year earnings with you in February. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 51 minutes
Call participants:
John E. Kunz -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
William J. Sandbrook -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Ronnie Pruitt -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Trey Grooms -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst
Larry Solow -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Robert Whitworth -- Exane BNP Paribas -- Analyst
Adam Thalhimer -- Thompson Davis -- Analyst
Julio Romero -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Stanley Elliott -- Stifel -- Analyst
Bill Newby -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst
