Lincoln National (LNC) Q4 2019 Earnings Call Transcript

Lincoln National (LNC -2.41%)
Q4 2019 Earnings Call
Feb 06, 2020, 10:00 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good morning, and thank you for joining Lincoln Financial Group's fourth-quarter 2019 earnings conference call. [Operator instructions] Now I would like to turn the conference over to Corporate Treasurer Chris Giovanni. Please go ahead, sir.

Chris Giovanni -- Corporate Treasurer

Thank you Catherine. Good morning, and welcome to Lincoln Financial's fourth-quarter earnings call. Before we begin, I have an important reminder. Any comments made during the call regarding future expectations, trends and market conditions, including comments about sales and deposits, expenses, income from operations, share repurchases and liquidity and capital resources are forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations. These risks and uncertainties include those described in the cautionary statement disclosures in our earnings release issued yesterday as well as those detailed in our 2018 annual report on Form 10-K, most recently -- most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q and from time to time in our other filings with the SEC. These forward-looking statements are made only as of today, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise them to reflect events or circumstances that could occur after this date. We appreciate your participation today and invite you to visit Lincoln's website, www.lincolnfinancial.com, where you can find our press release and statistical supplement which include a full reconciliation to the non-GAAP measures used in the call including adjusted return on equity and adjusted income from operations or adjusted operating income to the most comparable GAAP measures.

Presenting on today's call are Dennis Glass, president and chief executive officer; and Randy Freitag, chief financial officer and head of individual life. After their prepared remarks, we will move to the question-and-answer portion of the call. I would now like to turn the call over to Dennis.

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you Chris and good morning everyone. Our dynamic business model and continued execution produced record adjusted operatings per share in the fourth quarter, results consistent with expectations we communicated during our third-quarter call. For the quarter, we grew adjusted EPS 12%; increased book value, excluding AOCI, to over $71, a record; and our adjusted ROE was nearly 14%. Over the course of the year, we further advanced strategic priorities and leveraged the benefits of our business model and risk management culture to drive profitable top-line growth, successfully executed our expense initiatives and maintained a high-quality balance sheet.

All of which position us for continued financial success. Let me touch on each of these. First, on profitable top-line growth. Strategic product actions drove sales gains as new products, such as our indexed variable annuity and our proprietary target date retirement product, YourPath, complemented our best-in-class product portfolio.

We also leverage our powerful distribution franchise to reach new customers. We now have more than 99,000 producers that sold a Lincoln product over the past 24 months, up 8% from the prior year, as we participate in more distribution channels, such as property and casualty, and gained momentum in other channels, such as independent marketing organizations. This combination of product and distribution expansion resulted in strong growth in the fourth quarter and the full year. Specifically, the annuity business delivered positive net flows in every quarter of 2019, including positive flows in both variable and fixed annuities in the fourth quarter.

Life sales exceeded $1 billion for the year as we benefited from our broad product portfolio. And in the fourth quarter, we capitalized on upcoming regulatory changes. Group protection sales increased for the full year and in the quarter as we leveraged our broader capabilities to enhance our overall offering to all employer-size segments. And RPS generated positive net flows for the quarter and year, marking its fifth consecutive year of positive flows.

These strong top-line results contributed to operating revenue growth in every business segment during both the fourth quarter and the full year. Importantly, we stayed disciplined with product repricing occurring throughout the year and we continue to shift -- the shift of our sales mix toward shorter-duration products, which are less interest -- or less sensitive to interest rates. We are fiercely focused on growing the top line on terms attractive to our shareholders. Though expenses were elevated in the fourth quarter due to strong sales volumes and seasonality, we continue to successfully execute on two significant expense saving programs during the year.

First, our digital initiative is progressing well as savings offset investments in 2019 consistent with our plan and we expect net savings to ramp up this year. Second, we are well on our way to achieving our target of $125 million in expense savings from the Liberty acquisition by the end of 2020. Lastly, on our high-quality balance sheet. Prudent assumptions, active risk management and disciplined capital management have long been evident at Lincoln.

In 2019, we made appropriate adjustments to our assumptions, maintained disciplined asset liability matching and utilized significant cash flow to both invest in opportunistic growth and return capital to shareholders. As we enter 2020, our capital ratios are strong and our balance sheet is well positioned. Now turning to the business segments, starting with annuities. Our strategic decision to broaden the product portfolio and participate in more segments of the marketplace enables us to meet varying customer needs, expand distribution, improve our organic growth rate and maintain a diversified sales mix.

For the full year, total sales increased 17% and net flows were positive for the fifth consecutive quarter, including in both variable and fixed annuities in the fourth quarter. Full year net flows were positive for the first time since 2015. Our growth rate has improved by more than 4 percentage points in just two years, as we successfully launched new products and increased total producers by 11% while repricing where needed. Our most successful new product has been our indexed variable annuity, which helped drive a 45% increase in sales of VAs without living benefit guarantees.

As a result, we had a very balanced sales mix for the full year as VAs with living benefit guarantees, VAs without living benefit guarantees and fixed annuities each represented approximately one-third of total annuity sales. This year, we expect a further shift to VAs without guarantees as we continue to expand shelf space and new producers. So another strong quarter and year for the annuities business as growth metrics are clearly benefiting from our broad set of consumer solutions, our multichannel distribution model and consistent market presence. When combined with prudently adjusting pricing and product features to respond to lower interest rates, appropriate assumptions and industry-leading hedge program.

We are well positioned to deliver strong operating results. In retirement plan services, we have a competitive advantage in our target markets as a result of our high-touch, high-tech, digitally focused service model. This model distinguishes us from our competitors, attracts new customers and drives higher participation and contribution rates resulting in strong retention and sales growth. In the fourth quarter, first year sales increased 47% with growth across all target markets.

Distribution expansion in YourPath, our proprietary alternative to target-date funds, continue to differentiate us in the marketplace. Recurring deposits also increased 8% for the quarter and the full year, with strong growth in both the small and mid-large markets. Net flows were once again positive in the quarter and totaled more than $0.5 billion for 2019. Overall, it was a strong quarter and year for the retirement business, and we are well positioned to compete in our target markets.

Turning to life insurance. Sales momentum has strengthened in recent quarters as we have expanded distribution and focused on fast-growing industry segments. This led to total life insurance sales exceeding $1 billion for the full year, boosted by a particularly strong fourth quarter as we opportunistically increased sales at attractive returns. Specific areas that drove strong growth include IUL, where we are benefiting from product actions taken earlier in the year, a fast-growing IUL market and greater focus in segments of the market where we were underrepresented.

As a result, our sales more than doubled for the quarter and the full year. MoneyGuard sales also more than doubled in the quarter and were up 32% for the year, ahead of price increases, reflecting new principal-based reserving changes and lower interest rates. And lastly, executive benefits sales, which can be lumpy, were particularly strong for most of the year ahead of the transition to a new mortality table. Additionally, our network of producers has increased 8% over the past year, which contributed to our strong growth.

As we enter this year, we anticipate sales levels to decline given 2019 strong sales, continued focus on maintaining appropriate returns on capitals and we operate under new principals-based reserving. Turning to group protection. We continue to capitalize on the competitive advantages created by the acquisition and effectively execute on strategic objectives, including leveraging our larger book of business and expanding capabilities to cross-sell additional lines of coverage. Sales increased 9% in the fourth quarter compared to the prior year and 30% for the full year, with strong growth in both employer and employee-paid markets.

When combined with solid retention, premiums once again increased sequentially. Looking forward, maintaining disciplined pricing and achieving the efficiencies I noted upfront are important levers that will enable us to continue to achieve attractive margins. Briefly on investment results, we invested new money at an average pre-tax yield of 3.6% during the quarter and 4% for the full year, both more than 180 basis points over the average 10-year treasury rate. We continue to find good value in purchasing high-quality, less-liquid assets such as mortgage loans, structured securities and privates, where we achieved attractive illiquidity premiums and have ample room to grow.

These strategies have also further diversified the portfolio, with public corporate bonds decreasing as a percentage of invested assets. Additionally, we remain focused on selective derisking, and for the full year, we reduced our holdings of lower rate BBBs and below investment-grade bonds by 2%. The alternative investment portfolio achieved a 7% pre-tax annualized return for the quarter and sharply recovered following the writedown of a large private equity holding in the third quarter. We continue to target a long-term pre-tax return of 10% and expect solid results in the first quarter of 2020.

In closing, I am pleased with the strong end of the year and our continued execution. Low interest rates remain a headwind, but we have successfully dealt with this for many years. We expect incremental spread compression to be mitigated by our normal expense discipline and additional initiatives, such as digital programs, combined with growth. On the product front, we'll continue to reprice products where necessary, shift emphasis to existing products that are meeting our or exceeding return requirements and add new well-priced products.

Again, all actions we have successfully implemented in the past. To the extent sales or net flows decline in the short run because of our disciplined pricing actions, we expect to redirect capital to additional share buybacks. I'm confident our business model and action-oriented management team can sustain our track record of excellent financial performance and add further shareholder value. I will now turn the call over to Randy.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Thank you Dennis. Last night, we reported fourth quarter adjusted operating income of $482 million or $2.41 per share, a record and up 12% over the prior-year quarter. There were no notable items within the current or prior-year quarter. However, there were a few items driving some variability, both up and down.

And I will touch on those in the business segments. But let me briefly note that expenses were elevated in the quarter due to a number of items, including strong sales, costs associated with ending our Liberty transitional service agreements and typical volatility in the fourth quarter. Touching on the performance of key financial metrics in the fourth quarter compared to the prior-year quarter. Adjusted operating ROE increased 40 basis points to 13.9%.

Book value per share, excluding AOCI, increased 5% to $71.27, an all-time high. Every business segment reported an increase in operating revenues and operating income, and consolidated net flows increased 36%. Finally, net income per share was $2.15 with the decrease relative to operating EPS, driven by a loss from variable annuity nonperformance risk. When adjusting for this noneconomic impact, net income was 101% of adjusted operating income.

Now turning to segment results, starting with annuities. Reported operating income for the quarter was $269 million compared to $258 million in the prior-year quarter. The increase in earnings was primarily driven by higher account values from equity market growth and positive net flows. Operating revenues increased 6% from the prior-year quarter and 5% for the full year.

As I mentioned earlier, expenses were higher in the quarter due to a 13% sequential increase in sales and typical fourth-quarter seasonality. You will note that base spreads, excluding variable investment income, came down in the quarter, driven by our mix of business. However, fixed annuities earnings growth was in line with account value growth. Looking forward, I would expect spreads to be consistent with this quarter's results, subject to our sales mix.

Return metrics remained solid in the quarter with ROA at 78 basis points and a 22% ROE, both largely consistent with the full year when adjusting for notable items. Risk metrics also remained strong as net amount at risk as a percent of account value sit below 80 basis points for living benefits and 40 basis points for death benefits. So another very good quarter and year for the annuities business. With end-of-period account values 3% higher than average account values and positive organic growth, we are well positioned to continue delivering strong financial performance.

In retirement plan services, we reported operating income of $47 million compared to $45 million in the prior-year quarter, with the increase in earnings primarily driven by higher average account values. Net flows totaled $422 million for the quarter and $620 million for the full year. When combined with strong equity market performance, average account values increased to $76 billion in the quarter, up 10% compared to the prior quarter. G&A expenses, net of amounts capitalized, were flat compared to the prior-year quarter and down slightly for the full year, which drove a 60-basis-point improvement in the expense ratio in 2019.

Base spreads, excluding variable investment income, compressed 13 basis points versus the prior-year quarter, consistent with our expectations. ROA came in at 25 basis points in the quarter, a basis point above the full-year average. The retirement business ended the year with strong results, and momentum in sales and expense management should serve as positive drivers going forward. Turning to our life insurance segment.

Operating income of $179 million increased 2% from the prior-year quarter, driven by continued growth in the business and favorable mortality relative to the prior-year quarter, offset by lower variable investment income. Underlying earnings drivers were strong, with average account values up 6% over the prior-year quarter and average life insurance-in-force up 10%. Base spreads, excluding variable investment income, were down 6 basis points compared to the prior-year quarter, consistent with our expectations. In the fourth quarter, mortality was in line with our expectations for the quarter.

For the full year, mortality came within 1 percentage point of our annual expectation, a solid result. As we move into the first quarter, I would remind you that we typically expect seasonally higher mortality early in the year and more favorable mortality in the back half of the year. During the quarter, amortization expenses were favorable to our expectation, but this was offset by higher G&A expenses net of amounts capitalized primarily related to strong sales growth. Over the course of the year, the life business produced steady driver growth and culminated the year with very strong sales positioning the business well as we enter 2020.

Group protection reported operating income of $54 million, up 8% from the prior-year quarter driven by premium growth and a more favorable overall loss ratio, which came in at 74.4% compared to 75.8% in the prior-year quarter. This quarter's loss ratio included a net benefit of approximately $4 million compared to a more normal quarter, as a higher disability loss ratio driven by fourth-quarter seasonality and an increase in severity impacted earnings by $15 million. This was more than offset by a favorable life loss ratio driven in part by management actions that helped improve claims efficiency. G&A expenses increased 5% over the prior-year quarter as we incurred $9 million of onetime costs associated with the exit of the Liberty transitional service agreements and other nonrecurring expenses.

For the full year, the expense ratio improved 60 basis points as we benefited from integration synergies and I expect the expense ratio to continue to trend down. The after-tax margin was 5.2% in the quarter and 5.8% for the full year, both up 30 basis points over the comparable periods. Looking forward, we expect to sustain attractive margins as we execute on our growth and expense-saving initiatives. Turning to capital and capital management.

We ended the year with $9.7 billion of statutory surplus and an RBC ratio of approximately 435%, which includes 25 RBC points from noneconomic goodwill associated with the Liberty acquisition that will go away at the completion of a legal entity merger. Holding company cash exceeded $700 million as we prepare to pay off our upcoming February debt maturity. We continue to target $450 million of cash at the holding company. During the quarter, we returned $173 million of capital to shareholders and $938 million for the full year.

Fourth-quarter buybacks of $100 million were slightly below our recent quarterly average as we opportunistically allocated more capital to new business with attractive returns. Looking ahead to 2020, we expect capital return to shareholders to be at least $900 million. To conclude, we reported record adjusted operating EPS in the fourth quarter, a 13.9% adjusted operating ROE and book value. Excluding AOCI, increased 5% to over $71 per share, an all-time high.

While our annual third-quarter assumption review impacted our full-year results, we continue to see solid drivers of EPS growth including strong sales and positive net flows, which contributed to an increase in operating revenues for every business segment. End-of-period account values exceeded average account values, which provide a tailwind to future earnings. Expense saving programs leave us well positioned to achieve meaningful run rate savings in 2020 and beyond. $640 million in buybacks, brought our share count down 5% for the year, consistent with the average reduction over the past five years.

We also announced an 8% increase to our shareholder dividend for 2020. And looking forward, we will continue to focus on diligently returning capital to share capital to shareholders while investing in new business when attractive returns can be achieved. Bottom line are we well positioned to deliver strong financial results. With that, let me turn the call back over to Chris.

Chris Giovanni -- Corporate Treasurer

Thank you Dennis and Randy. We will now begin the question-and-answer portion of the call. [Operator instructions] With that Catherine, will you please open up Q&A?

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] And our first question comes from Jimmy Bhullar with J.P. Morgan. Your line is open.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Hi. Good morning. First, for Randy. Can you quantify the extra expenses you might have had this quarter because of the transition off of the TSAs with Liberty in the group business?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Hey Jimmy. As I mentioned in my script, about $9 million after tax, so roughly $11 million or so of pre-tax elevated onetime expenses.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

And those would...

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Some of which or most of which were associated with the exit from TSA.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

OK. And those you're expecting to be gone beginning in 2020, right?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yes.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

And on buybacks, this -- I think this was the weakest quarter you've had in buybacks or the lowest amount in the last seven quarters since you resumed buybacks. Any reason for why the amount dropped to $100 million?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Jimmy, we had very clear visibility that we were going to have very strong sales in the fourth quarter. And we also had very clear visibility that the returns we were going to get on those new sales were going to be very strong. And so we made the decision to allocate a little more capital in the quarter to new business than we did to buybacks. Now as I mentioned in my script, when you move into the first quarter and into 2020, we fully expect to be back from a buyback standpoint, in line with our historic practices.

As I mentioned, at least $900 million of capital return is our expectation for 2020 to shareholders. With the dividend increase I mentioned, shareholder dividends will be just a little over $300 million. What's the implication of that? At least $600 million of buybacks or $150 million on average a quarter, which is where we have been running. And key thing is I used at least, because as we have been doing for nearly a decade, we're going to do everything we can, especially when we see an environment that exists like it does today, which is a share price that objectively is well below book value.

And subjectively from our standpoint, is well below where it should be based upon both past performance and what we expect going forward. You can fully expect that we're going to do everything we can to, as I mentioned, do at least $900 million of total capital return to shareholders in 2020.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

And in the past, you've done -- like at least in 2019, you did a little bit more early in the year and then it tapered off as the year went on. Would you try to be more opportunistic and do more buybacks given your capital position early or should we expect them to be more sort of flat line throughout the year?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

I think as with always Jimmy, we've had this discussion coming into any year within the past, like I'd start out with the average ratably over the year. And then understand that when we believe the opportunity arises, we're going to do everything we can to accelerate when we believe it makes sense. And as I mentioned, we believe with the share price where it is today, that it makes sense. So we're going to do everything we can to the extent we are going to accelerate above the $900 million, to do it when we believe it's opportunistic.

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Erik Bass with Autonomous Research. Your line is open.

Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you. Can you just talk a little bit more about the outlook for expenses in the group business as we head into 2020? And how much room is there to bring those down now that you've exited the TSAs? And will we start to see that immediately in the first quarter or will it come through over the course of the year?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Well the one-time nonrecurring expenses I mentioned, they're gone, right? We wouldn't expect them to repeat I should say in the first quarter. So take those out right away. Broadly speaking, in my script, I mentioned that we expect expense ratios to continue to trend down in 2020 relative to where they were in 2019. And that's what I would use when you think about where expenses will be in the group business.

If you go back to the first quarter of 2019, I believe our expense ratio came in at 13.7%. And absent non-recurring expenses like occurred in the fourth quarter, we'd expect to improve over that level.

Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Got it. And I guess given the opportunity to bring down expenses, would it then be reasonable to expect you to be at the upper end of the -- kind of the 5% to 7% target range for margins?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

We came in at 5.8% for the year. That was 30 basis points better than we were the preceding year. It's obviously well ahead of where we thought we would be when we closed the acquisition of the Liberty business. From an integration savings standpoint, we exited 2019 in line with our $100 million expectation.

And as we look through 2020, we'd expect that to ultimately grow to roughly $125 million. I'd expect that to occur ratably over the year. So you're going to get some benefit from additional integration-related savings. But I think we're very happy with the year's results.

And as we talked about earlier, over time, our expectation for a group business is 5% to 7%. We said with the additional scale that we've achieved with this acquisition that we believe over time that we can perform in the upper half of that range. So I think I'll leave it at that. We will have some additional integration savings in 2020, and we believe that over time, we should perform in the upper half of that 5% to 7% range.

Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Ryan Krueger with KBW. Your line is open.

Ryan Krueger -- KBW -- Analyst

Hi. Good morning. I guess, Randy, following up on your comments on the stock price, I know I've asked you this before. But clearly, the market's view of variable annuity value differs greatly from, I think, your own view of the value of your block.

I guess have you -- would you reconsider any sort of third-party transaction just for a small piece of the block to prove out third-party value is higher than the market thinks it is? And I guess related to that, it does seem like there's a lot more VA buyers now than there used to be. So I just wanted to hear your perspective on that.

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hey Ryan. This is Dennis. And it's a good question, and we've touched on it quite a bit over the last couple of years. The first thing is that our book is cleaner, better and more profitable than the rest of the industry, and we continue to grow it on a basis consistent with that.

So we're very comfortable with our VA business from an economic perspective. Now to the broader question, will we continue to look at the sale of blocks of business including VAs? Yes. But we're going to do that on an economic basis. I get the point of sort of trying to use a VA block to give more comfort to The Street about how it's valued.

But we're more driven by economics, and we'll consistently be driven by economics as it makes sense to sell something, use those proceeds more attractively as we did with the Athene transaction. I'll tell you I'm a little skeptical of the idea of revaluations as being a motive. Over my years in the business, certainly in the M&A sphere, I really never have counted on revaluation as a benefit from an action. We premise it, are the economics right for our shareholders?

Ryan Krueger -- KBW -- Analyst

Understood. Thanks Dennis. And then for Randy, I assume this is the case based on your capital management guidance of at least $900 million, but do you still view free cash flow in that same $850 million to $950 million range for 2020?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yeah, Ryan. We're largely in that range. I mean it continues to grow a little bit with the growth of the company. And that's why I said the at least $900 million as opposed to the $850 million to $950 million that we talked about before.

Ryan Krueger -- KBW -- Analyst

OK. Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Thomas Gallagher with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Thanks. Dennis, just a follow-up to Ryan's question, not approaching it from the variable annuity side but more from the individual life side. Voya transacted, by our calculation, about a nine to 10 times valuation when they sold their individual life block. And that was a block and runoff that at least in my view was inferior to the quality of Lincoln's block.

So you have a private market value that, I think, shows a pretty good number relative to certainly what I think your life block's being valued at. So I guess my question is, would you consider maybe even like a partial reinsurance deal, an in-force treaty or something like that for your life insurance business, if there is that kind of -- I would call it considerable arb that may exist in the market on life insurance? That's my first question.

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Tom, absolutely. We have an M&A group. We're in the flow of the market, if you will, for all these types of transactions. And if we find something that we can execute on in any of our businesses where we can, to use your term, arbitrage the public versus private market for the benefit of our shareholders.

Absolutely, we'll do that.

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Gotcha. And then the -- my other question is, Randy, the comment you made about the attractiveness of life insurance sales in the quarter and how that was -- you view that as like an attractive opportunity and a reason to pivot capital deployment to life insurance. I guess my question is, if you're in the process of raising prices, doesn't that imply that's going to be a lower-returning slug of life sales in terms of the MoneyGuard and other significant life sales? Or how do you kind of reconcile the fact that you're in the process of I presume meaningfully raising prices, yet you're saying there was an attractive IRR opportunity in the quarter?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Tom, thanks for the question. The fourth quarter, when it comes to life insurance sales, is what I would describe as the perfect selling environment for a company with among the strongest capabilities in the life insurance space in the business. And so let me dig into that a little bit, what do I mean by the perfect selling environment. I mean that there was a number of reasons for consumer demand to be very strong, driven by regulatory changes that were driving some price increases or a different value prop for consumers.

And on our side, there were a couple of items, including the existence of very strong returns on the products, along with a couple of initiatives that we had put in place, which contributed to the very strong sales growth. Really need to go product-by-product to understand the phenomenon and how it impacted the quarter. So let's start with the executive benefits business, which was up significantly in the quarter. This is a business that is an accumulation-focused business.

With the change in the underlying mortality table in 2020, what happens to accumulation products is that they have less capability to put in dollars. For each unit of life insurance, you can put in less dollars so the value prop changes. So there was a huge factor that companies had to take into account. And what you saw is a lot of companies accelerating their plans to establish these big cases.

We benefited from that at very attractive returns. Let's go on to IUL and Term. Those products and those strong sales were the result of initiatives that we've talked about over the course of the year. We had in the first quarter of the year, really in a big way, entered the IUL space with a product that was competitive.

We actually improved the economics on that product as we moved into the last half of the year by lowering what's called the cap on the product. So once again, you had execution on initiatives in two product spaces with very attractive returns. Now you have MoneyGuard. So you mentioned the word fire sale.

Tom. What is a fire sale? To me, when I think about fire sale, the definition is that you have a price increase coming in the next quarter and you're getting subpar returns in the current quarter. In the case of MoneyGuard, we have a price increase coming in the first quarter, but the returns were still strong in the fourth quarter. Why is that? It's because a significant piece of the price increase is related to the implementation of PBR, which in the case of MoneyGuard hurts the product.

It requires a product to have more capital put into it upfront. Well, that didn't exist in the fourth quarter of 2019. Now I admit some of the price increases because rates have come down. And so that means we weren't -- our returns were a little below where they were the quarter before or two quarters before, but they were still attractive returns.

So Tom, once again, I think a very attractive environment for consumers to buy our products. And a very attractive environment overall for us to sell products existed in the fourth quarter and we took advantage of it.

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

That makes sense, Randy. So more on the MoneyGuard side, statutory strain as opposed to being a lower economic return.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yeah. I'll try to explain a little bit why that happens with PBR. PBR, for instance, was something that helped the Term insurance business. So why does a product like MoneyGuard get hurt? It happens because MoneyGuard is a relatively long product.

PBR was a great move by the regulators. It was needed, a single formula, and it was no longer working for the diversity of products that exist in our industry or it wasn't going to work if you looked forward. So they came up with PBR, which -- where a company projects out its cash flows, discounts come back and establishes a reserve makes a ton of sense. One of the downsides of PBR is that the approach they took was to put a margin on each assumption that goes into the projection of those cash flows as opposed to a margin on the present value.

On a product, a longer product like MoneyGuard, that really gives you a significant amount of redundancy when you project out those cash flows into the future and discount those margins on each one of the assumptions. And that's why PBR, for a product like MoneyGuard, hurt the expected return and was part of the reason we had to raise prices.

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. It's as simple as our costs are going up, in the next quarter we're going to have to raise prices. Our costs did not increase in the fourth quarter and so we could hold prices.

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

OK. Thanks guys.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Humphrey Lee with Dowling & Partners. Your line is open.

Humphrey Lee -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst

Good morning and thank you for taking my questions. My first question is related to the expectation for lower sales for life insurance in 2020. I was just wondering if you can remind us in terms of the sales stream for every dollar sales. I think you've given that number for annuities in the past, but maybe just remind us in terms of how should we think about every dollar of sales strength in the life space?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Humphrey, it varies by product. But broadly speaking in 2019, it was roughly $0.50. It's going up a little bit in 2020 because of what I talked about on a product like MoneyGuard. And it's one of the reasons you will see sales come down in 2020.

Humphrey Lee -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst

Got it. So I guess in terms of thinking about capital return sort of historically, and I think you also alluded to that in your prepared remarks, is that -- but any kind of sales decline you would anticipate or some offset from additional share repurchases. So for the $900 million of -- at least $900 million of capital return, I guess, the above $900 million will represent the potential from kind of lower sales strength in 2020?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

It would reflect everything Humphrey, including whether sales come down more than we expect whether, as Dennis talked about, we did some sort of block transaction. I mean there are many ways that capital can be generated or retained at Lincoln. So I think there's a number of factors. And as we have in the past, you can rest assured that we're focused on everything we can do to as I mentioned, take advantage of what we believe is a very attractive opportunity to buy our stock back.

Humphrey Lee -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst

Got it. I appreciate the color. And then a question related to group protection. So you talked about how some of the benefits from the expense synergy would come along in 2020.

Is the $120 million still the expectation? And then also compared to where you are at the end, I guess, how much cost savings have you realized at the end of the quarter? So could help us think about how the excess savings would emerge in 2020?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

We ended the year in line with our guidance which was $100 million or so. And we expect to grow that to a run rate of $125 million by the end of the year. For lack of better, I'd just say, assume that ratably occurs over the year.

Humphrey Lee -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst

OK. Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And next question comes from Andrew Kligerman with Credit Suisse. Your line is open.

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Good morning. I -- just along the lines of those life sales that were so incredibly robust in the quarter, and then I'm trying to reconcile that a little bit with your allocated capital to the Life segment, which has been roughly 8% over the past couple of years. So what were these -- maybe you could give us -- maybe if you don't want to zero in exactly, maybe give us a range of these very strong returns as I think you said Randy.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Andrew, we're not going to give the specifics, but I would tell you that they were at or above what we target for the life insurance business which is 12% to 15%.

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Got it. OK. And then shifting over to the annuities segment. On crediting rates, it looked like the normalized yield for fixed annuities came off about 20 bps and your crediting rate actually went up 1 basis point.

So the question is what is your crediting rate flexibility there? And I know there were questions about selling the life blocks and the variable annuity blocks, so why don't I throw in the fixed annuity blocks and ask if there's any possibility of doing another Athene-like deal?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

There are two very different halves to that question. So let me take the first one, which is a question about spreads. If you look at the quarter, you'll see that our spread came down in the annuity business. And I mentioned this in my script, but what you see there is really about business mix.

And so let me dig to what I mean by when I say business mix. There's really three things I'd point out. The first thing is that post the sale we did to Athene, we have a very young book of business. And the nature of the fixed annuity business is that in the early years from the policy of life, your targeted spread is a little bit lower and then you grade up modestly over the surrender charge period.

The other thing I'd point out is the products that we sell today in 2019 or we did sell in 2019 have lower targeted spreads than products we have sold in years past. Why do they have lower targeted spreads? Commissions have come down. So the average commission has come down, which drives a lower targeted spread without changing the economics. The third thing, the nature of the products we sell, FIAs -- fixed indexed annuities, excuse me, indexed variable annuities, they can create some inherent volatility that I would describe as noneconomic just in the calculations.

It can have to do with when the options pay off versus when the anniversaries occur. You can just get some inherent volatility. What I'd point you to, Andrew, is the earnings on the fixed annuity business, and you can see this in our statutory supplement. The earnings grew 38%, while the average comp values grew 32%.

So I know the spread, reported spread had some noise, but the economics of the business are being maintained as evidenced by that earnings growth.

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

That's helpful. And then the potential divestiture of blocks?

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I don't think Andrew, we have much more to add than what I said a minute ago which is we're very focused on maximizing shareholder value. And if we can do that through a sound economic transaction of selling in any of our business some of our in-force, we'll do it.

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Dennis, maybe is it very challenging right now in this low rate environment to do these type of transactions?

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Andrew, absolutely. Well, let's put that into perspective. If we sell a block of business, we would expect to buy our shares back.

And so the economics or the balancing of where is our share price at the moment and what's the price on the block transaction, that's why I come back to economics, and so those two things have to work together. And when we did the Athene deal, it worked for both parties, but there wasn't much room left in that transaction from either side. So it was a good transaction for both parties. Our share price is down a little bit from the point that did that transaction.

And likewise, interest rates are down a little bit from when we did that transaction.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

The only caveat I would to add Dennis' response was just correct. When you think about deployment for smaller-sized deals, I agree completely. The bigger the deals you do, the more you have to think about do you have to allocate some of the capital to debt reduction, for instance.

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

I see. Thanks very much.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Suneet Kamath with Citi. Your line is open.

Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst

I'm not going to ask about block deals but I will ask about interest rates. So I think last quarter, Randy, you talked about an incremental drag of $20 million from low rates. Is that still kind of your view in terms of where we sit today?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yeah. The way I think I got there, Suneet, was if you go back a few quarters, go back to the beginning of the year, we talked about a 2% to 3% headwind to EPS growth from spread compression. And we said at the time, we were traveling in the lower end of that range. Moving to the end of the year and what we said is we're more in the upper end of that range, and simply 1% of our earnings is about $20 million.

I think as we move into 2020, with rates where they are, I think that fact remains the same. We're traveling in that upper end of that 2% to 3%.

Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. And then the other numbers when -- I had was on annuities and the amortization expense there. It looked like it was up maybe $16 million year over year. And I know there was some impact in terms of what happened in the fourth quarter with the markets.

But just any sense of how much over the amortization was in the quarter versus what you'd expect on a go-forward basis?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yes, Suneet. Thanks for the question. If you look at the variable annuity earnings, they're relatively flat. I think they grew $1 million fourth-quarter 2019 compared to fourth-quarter 2020 despite the fact that account values were up.

So I would explain the vast majority of why earnings didn't grow in line with account value is having to do with amortization-related noise. And what was that amortization-related noise? We have a phenomena in our amortization patterns having to do with how the equity markets perform in a particular quarter. So what we see when we have very strong equity market performance is that during the quarter, you'll have a higher-than-average amount of policies where their benefit base resets higher. We will then put those policies into our process and the account value will get immediately pulled down by the reversion process that will create some elevated amortization in that quarter.

That was about $4 million to $5 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 of extra amortization. Go back to the fourth quarter of 2018, when the markets were down a lot and you get the opposite phenomena. So year over year, it's roughly $8 million to $10 million.

Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst

Got it. And then just the last one for proof, if I could. Another company in this space had talked about some increased competition, particularly in the voluntary space related to high sort of upfront commissions that may be causing some churn. And I think your voluntary business is a little different, but I just want to get a sense of if you're seeing anything like that in terms of commission-driven churn in the voluntary space.

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Not in our markets. So far across-the-board and the group business, we continue to see fairly rational pricing.

Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Thanks.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks. Good morning. My first question was also on the group business.

We've heard some companies kind of allude to the pretty strong economy leading to pretty good disability results. As you think about your business and more about 2020, I guess, are you expecting still pretty good trends in that business? And also within group in the interim remarks, Dennis, I think you mentioned some cross-selling opportunities. Can you just give us a sense of where you sit today versus what you would have expected to come from the cross-sell side of things when you announced the Liberty acquisition?

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Elyse, good questions. And the -- maybe I'll take the latter one first. There's a lot of benefits that come out of the transaction besides cost saves. For example, in the voluntary space, Lincoln -- old Lincoln, before the merger, had more percentage of total sales coming from the voluntary sales than old Liberty did.

And so as we brought the two companies together, we can take some of the advantages that we had or programs that we had at Lincoln and apply them to the merged companies book. So that would be an example. The -- another example would be that we -- old Liberty had much better absence management capabilities, and we were able to bring those into our sort of 1,000 to 5,000 employee segment and increased sales there because of the combination. So we continue to see good potential from the combination of the company in a variety of ways.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Elyse on the first part of your question, I agree completely that over time a strong economy and specifically low unemployment should create disability results that are on average better than your longer-term expectations. And that's I think one of the reasons why we have outperformed the expectations that we had when we did the acquisition of the Liberty book of business in 2018. Now quarter to quarter, you can get some noise. So as I mentioned, we expect seasonally higher loss ratios in the disability business in the fourth quarter and we saw that this year.

Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

OK. That's helpful. And then in terms the variable annuity accounting changes, are you guys adopting those as of the start of 2020? Or are you guys using a three-year phase-in?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

I think you are talking about the statutory changes or Oliver Wyman VA -- driven VA reform, and we're going to adopt that on 1/1/2020. As a reminder, we do not expect any impact on RBC or capital, and we believe that the statutory reform is good in that it reduces the tails of the statutory noise that you can get. What I mean -- what do I mean by noise? I mean statutory can move differently from the economics of the business and the reform has improved that.

Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

OK. Thank you for the color.

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Yup.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Alex Scott with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Alex Scott -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Thanks for taking it. First one I had was on group. And I know, I guess, in 1Q you guys typically have had a little seasonal DAC, and I think it's been related in part to some repricing of the existing block and then I guess delivered the Liberty Mutual block. And so I was just interested to know if you'd expect that to continue? And also specifically, if sort of the transition off the TSAs would impact persistency and I guess thus, the DAC in 1Q as well?

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

You are correct. You have a good memory, Alex. That has been improving over the last three years. I think we may have a little bit of excess amortization due to that phenomena in the first quarter, but it will be at a smaller level than it was last year.

The other thing I would remind you about is we do have some intangibles associated with the acquisition, some amortizing intangibles and the amortization of those will step-up a little bit in 2020. Chris can give you the exact numbers, what it will step up.

Alex Scott -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

OK. That's helpful. And then as a follow-up I guess, just on the annuities segment. I'd be interested if you could talk a little bit about flows.

I mean those have held up pretty darn well with the interest rate environment. So I was just interested to know what you're doing that's driving that. Do you think you can kind of continue the positive flows into 2020?

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Alex, the flows were positive across all of the different types of products. And we've been talking about price changes that could affect the level of sales volume, and consequently, positive negative flows. It's hard to predict today whether we'll have positive or negative flows in 2020 from one of the -- either the VAs without, VAs with guarantees or fixed annuities because it's, in part, dependent on what the competition does.

But I guess I would say that to the extent that we did have a negative flow, we come back to -- from an earnings per share perspective, that would be because sales are lower. We'll take capital from that reduced sales and we would expect to buy our shares buyback. So from -- down to the bottom line, EPS growth will be a little indifferent between those two economic outcomes. We continue to focus on the franchise strength and maintaining a level of sales that's consistent with keeping our quality distribution organization, our quality distribution partners.

And so it's combination of all those things that go into the dynamics around positive or negative flows and where it comes out from a long-term earnings perspective.

Alex Scott -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Got it. OK. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And I'm showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back to Mr. Chris Giovanni for any closing remarks.

Chris Giovanni -- Corporate Treasurer

Thank you all for joining us this morning. As always, we'll take your questions on our investor relations line at 800-237-2920 or through email at [email protected]. Thank you all and have a great day.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 66 minutes

Call participants:

Chris Giovanni -- Corporate Treasurer

Dennis Glass -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Randy Freitag -- Chief Financial Officer and Head of Individual Life

Jimmy Bhullar -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Ryan Krueger -- KBW -- Analyst

Thomas Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Humphrey Lee -- Dowling and Partners -- Analyst

Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst

Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst

Elyse Greenspan -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Alex Scott -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

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