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Dana Incorporated (DAN -2.08%)
Q3Â 2020 Earnings Call
Oct 28, 2020, 9:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the operator. Today's call is scheduled to begin momentarily. Until that time, your lines will again be placed on hold. Thank you for your patience.
Good morning and welcome to Dana Incorporated's 3rd Quarter 2020 Financial Webcast and Conference Call. My name is Regina and I will be your conference facilitator. Please be advised that our meeting today both the speakers' remark and Q&A session will be recorded for replay purposes. There will be a question and answer period after the speaker's remarks and we will take questions from the telephone only. [Operator Instructions]. At this time, I would like to begin the presentation by turning the call over to Dana's Senior Director of Investor Relations and Strategic Planning, Craig Barber. Please go ahead, Mr. Barber
Craig Barber -- Senior Director of Investor Relations and Strategic Planning
Thank you, Regina and good morning to everyone on the call. Thank you for joining us today for our 3rd quarter Earnings Call. You'll find this morning's press release and presentation are now posted on our investor website. Today's call is being recorded and the supporting materials of the property of Dana Incorporated. They may not be recorded, copied or rebroadcast without our written consent. Allow me to remind you that today's presentation includes forward-looking statements about our expectations for Dana's future performance. Actual results could differ from those suggested by our comments today. Additional information about the factors that could affect future results are summarized in our safe harbor statement found in our public filings, including our reports with the SEC. On the call this morning. as usual is Jim Kamsickas, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Jonathan Collins, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Jim will start us off this morning, Jim.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning and thank you for joining us today. When we spoke with you last quarter, we were just beginning to come out of our global lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. I cannot be more proud of how the Dana family successfully navigated the shutdown and restart of our operations around the world, driving strong sequential improvement in our quarterly results. Throughout this challenging time, we have not wavered from ensuring the safety of our people, while we meet the needs of our customers. During the 3rd quarter, our customers accelerated production to meet growing demand, particularly in the light truck market, driving sales for the quarter to nearly $2 billion. While sales this quarter were down compared to last year due to the COVID-19 related customer demand impact early in the quarter, sales rebounded sharply to finish nearly 1 billion higher than the 2nd quarter. Adjusted free cash flow for the quarter was 261 million, driven by improved working capital efficiency. Adjusted EBITDA in the 3rd quarter was $201 million or 10.1% margin. The Dana team did a tremendous job adjusting from a slow start to a dead sprint in production in the quarter, achieving financial results better than we had expected. These results are only possible due to continuation of numerous cost mitigation efforts deployed during the pandemic shutdown as well as the incredible cross-company team work required to restart -- not only our operations, but in support of our supplier partners around the world. These efforts led to diluted adjusted earnings per share of $0.37, which was a sizable $1.06 increase from the 2nd quarter.
Moving to the key highlights in the upper right hand side of the page, we will provide our perspectives on the end markets in these dynamic times. Although the global COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely impact our industry, we remain positive on the end market outlook, as most markets continue to rebound around the world. Also during the quarter, we are pleased to announce exciting new electric vehicle business that Dana has been awarded. Of course, winning and delivering e-Propulsion programs is only possible if a company has the technical capabilities to successfully execute and deliver on customer requirements and commitments. Therefore, consistent with Dana is very decisive and methodical approach of organically and inorganically accumulating the critical skills and experienced personnel required to successfully supply E-powertrains. We are excited to share more details regarding this very important new investment. Our acquisition of a substantial stake in Pi Innovo LLC, a leader in electric vehicle software development. Finally, over the past years, you have witnessed our intense commitment to sustainability by developing clean and efficient products through our efforts in electrification. Later in the presentation, I will expand upon and illustrate other key areas of Dana sustainability plan that you may or may not be aware of.
Please turn to page 5, as I'd like to provide you an update on our market conditions. As we see our markets recovering, the bright spot for us has been the light vehicle market, and in particular full frame truck demand has been better than expected. Inventories on some of our key vehicles remain low, indicating that most of what is being produced is being sold. We have seen the fast recovery in North America and China. Moving to the center slide, the heavy vehicle market are also seeing pockets of strength. We began this year with softer expectations in both the medium and heavy-duty commercial truck segments, and obviously the pandemic slow down or shutdown has adversely impacted them as well. But as production resumed in the 3rd quarter, we saw a strengthening in Class 8 trucks medium-duty demand in North America. Demand in Brazil and India while showing signs of improvement remain comparatively soft.
Lastly, our Off-Highway markets we have seen continued improvement in the agriculture end market, while the construction markets remained stable. Specifically markets in Asia continue to be stronger than expected, driven by China where recovery began earlier in the year. As markets around the world continue to recover, we remain intensely focused on partnering with our customers to navigate these challenging times, all while remaining diligent about safety, quality, and cost discipline.
Turn with me now to slide 6 where I will provide details about an exciting new electrification program when it is launching next year. All around the world, we are seeing global governments continue to push for cleaner emissions and improve fuel economy across all mobility sectors including construction, agriculture, mining, and material handling, industries that Dana has supported for nearly a 100 years. To date, many major port authorities have aligned with the International Maritime Organization's Standards of reducing emissions by at least 50%, but it goes even further, as many of these ports are targeting aggressive initiatives to reduce emissions. Across Asia, Europe and North America major ports are committed to zero emissions over the next few decades. For example, the 2 largest ports in California are required to be zero emission by 2035. In Europe, the Port of Valencia is aiming to zero emissions by 2030 and [Indecipherable] is committed to a 50% reduction in emissions, and Oslo is committed to an 85% reduction in CO2 by 2030. Ports across Asia are also adopting similar regulations with Singapore committed to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2050 and China committed to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 on its way toward carbon neutrality. As global logistics continue to push heavily toward zero emission vehicles to meet the global regulations, Dana Electrified Technology is well positioned to help our customers meet their sustainability goals. This quarter we're excited to announce that all new electric-wheel drive system launching in 2021 that is suited for the large port container material handlers. This Dana designed all electric solution replaces the diesel engine and traditional driveline by leveraging our core capabilities and innovation acquired through the strategic acquisitions of Fairfield, Brevini, and TM4 combined into an all-new Spicer electrified hub drive. In addition, we provide software integration by leveraging the electrification competencies we've gained through our recent acquisitions of [Indecipherable], rational motion and as communicated in my opening remarks Pi Innovo. The bottom line Dana can provide a full line of advanced technologies that deliver class-leading performance in the ever-increasing regulations across mobility markets from small interior access equipment such as scissor less [Phonetic] to port container handlers, while at the same time, we will be able to increase our contemporary vehicle by 4 times in a growth segment and further expanding our portfolio of sustainable products.
Turning to slide 7, I want to highlight some of the exciting things, one of Dana's customers has been doing in the electric mobility space. As many of you are aware, Lion Electric is a leader in the development and manufacturing of all electric architectures from Class 5 to Class 8 trucks, full-sized school buses and minibuses. In early 2019, Lion chose Dana as their preferred supplier for traditional and electric componentry on it's all electric urban Class 8 vehicle, the Lion 8. Lion Electric stated that have chosen to partner with Dana, because of our unmatched proficiency improving e-Propulsion Systems, stating our capabilities will be a strong addition to the development of their all-electric truck platform. That's forward to September of this year, and Lion Electric announced it will deliver battery electric trucks to Amazon, with the first being delivered later this year. Amazon plans to use these trucks in the middle mile trucking operations. The truck has range of up to 250 miles and features Dana's TM4 direct drive system coupled with Spicer driveline systems. Additional Lion Electric vehicles include a zero emission waste disposable truck featuring Dana's E-Powertrain vehicle controller and onboard charger. Our relationship with Lion Electric began in 2016, when they introduce the Lion type C school bus, North America's first all-electric zero emission school bus and powered by a complete Dana drive system. With hundreds on the road Lion Electric buses have proved themselves in harsh cold climate conditions with millions of miles driven. Our collaboration with Lion Electric and all our electric vehicle customers further solidifies Dana's position as an industry leader in e-Propulsion.
Moving to slide 8, I'd like to talk about the recent addition of software engineering capabilities to our product portfolio. Earlier today Dana announced that it acquired a 49% stake in Pi Innovo, a leading developer of custom embedded software solutions and electronic control units for the light vehicle, commercial vehicle and Off-Highway markets. This acquisition will enable Dana to further enhance our software and controls offerings for customers, which are critically important for the management of the complete e-Propulsion system. With more than 25 years of systems, control units, software and electronics design expertise, Pi Innovo's team of software engineers leverages experience to provide proven, flexible growing demand for software in the e-mobility market and beyond. When combined with Dana's complete systems capabilities for e-Propulsion, we will be able to further enhance the efficiency of the entire system, while adhering to the highest functional safety requirements. As I talked about on slide 6, our customers are increasingly required acquiring advanced software in control solutions that are capable of managing a complete e-Propulsion system as well as the telematics and ancillary control systems of today's vehicles. For example, Pi Innovo's electronic control units or ECUs and software platform will be used on an upcoming medium-duty electric vehicle program that we will be launching in the New Year. This investment will further our capabilities in electric powertrain software and we're excited to be partnering with Pi Innovo as we look for further opportunities to develop capabilities and solutions that will enable lead systems.
Turning to slide 9, I'd like to talk in more detail about Dana's commitment to sustainability. If you turn on the news or read the paper. it's hard to miss the increased focus on sustainability. There is a growing movement across industries in our personal lives to be even more responsible stewards of the world around us. Combined this with an ever-increasing global regulations intended to drive down emissions it becomes very clear that clean energy sources such as electric, hydrogen fuel cell and natural gas will continue playing an important and increasing role on our day-to-day lives. Over the last 5 years, our enterprise strategy has been focused on being a leader in electrification with class-leading portfolio of technologies that enable all vehicles, no matter their power source. As these trends continue to quickly evolve Dana is prepared for them. Our industry has a unique opportunity to lead by example in how we not only design, but also how we manufacture our products that will have a positive impact on the environment. That is why I publicly announced last week that Dana is committed to reducing our total annual greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50% before the end of 2035. This will result in a reduction of more than 300,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, while this is an aggressive target, it is a very important one. To achieve this, we have developed a roadmap focusing on 3 core areas. The first is reducing our energy consumption and increasing the efficiency of our processes. Over the past 5 years, we have completed more than 400 projects to take direct aim at reducing our emission generation and we have many other projects in progress. Dana is currently utilizing Solar Arrays at several locations globally and we will be implementing the further use of renewable energy such as wind or solar, to make use of clean energy sources that will further reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. Lastly, as we look at reaching our target, we are exploring the use of renewable energy credits purchased on the open market. These credits represent proof that energy was generated from renewable source and sent to the grid. Dana has a long history of developing advanced technologies that address current industry needs and potential future challenges. We not only believe it's good business, but it's the right thing to do. Thank you for your time today. Now I'd like to turn it over to Jonathan to walk you through our financial results for the quarter.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Jim. Good morning and thank you everyone on the call for being with us today. I'd like to begin with the review of the 3rd quarter financial results. The comparison on page 11 shows the change from both the prior years 3rd quarter as well as the sequential change from the 2nd quarter of this year, highlighting the rapid improvement from the pandemic-related shutdowns earlier this year. If you recall, last quarter, we outlined our expectations for the 3rd quarter that called for a sequential increase in sales of over 50%, positive adjusted EBITDA and positive-adjusted free cash flow. In the 3rd quarter we all 3 of these targets. Sales were nearly 2 billion in the 3rd quarter, a sequential increase of more than 900 million, compared to the 2nd quarter or 85% growth, due to increased demand as customers rapidly resume productions after the pandemic-related restrictions were lifted. Sales decreased 170 million compared to the same period last year, driven by lower demand early in the quarter, resulting from COVID-19 production shutdowns and an eventual restart in June. Adjusted EBITDA for the 3rd quarter top 200 million, a significant sequential improvement from the near breakeven level in Q2, but remain 49 million lower than the same period last year, primarily due to loss contribution margin in our heavy vehicle segments on lower sales. Net income was 45 million, up 219 million sequentially, but down 66 million from the prior-year. Changes in net income were primarily driven by the changes in adjusted EBITDA. Diluted adjusted EPS, which excludes the impact of nonrecurring items was $0.37, up $1.06 from Q2, but down $0.37 versus prior year, and finally, adjusted free cash flow was 261 million for a sequential improvement of 394 million as well as a 136 million improvement versus last year as improved working capital and lower capital spending more than offset lower profits.
Please turn with me now to slide 12 for a closer look at the sales and profit changes in the 3rd quarter. The change in 3rd quarter sales and adjusted EBITDA compared to the same period last year is driven by the 4 key factors shown here. First, organic sales were 159 million lower than last year, primarily attributable to our heavy vehicle segments where production has yet to return to pre-pandemic levels. However, in our light vehicle businesses volumes increased dramatically during the quarter and were largely in line with the same period last year. The rapid increase in volumes led to a number of our plants in North America, running at maximum capacity when they were completely idled just a few months before. This dramatic increase in production led to premium cost, which held back the sequential incrementals and increase the year-over-year decrementals. Second is the impact of the Graziano and Fairfield acquisition, which we closed in the 1st quarter of last year. Since we've lapped the one-year anniversary of the acquisition, the impact illustrated here is the year-over-year improvement due to cost synergies. Third, the currency impact during the quarter was negligible as the US dollar was generally unchanged from the same period last year and finally, lower commodity costs, provided a 25 basis point benefit as gross commodity costs decreased by 13 million for a net profit gain of 4 million.
Please turn with me to slide 13 for a closer look at how adjusted EBITDA converted to cash flow. Adjusted free cash flow for the 3rd quarter was 261 million, offsetting a nearly $0.25 billion use of cash in the first half of the year, leaving us with positive free cash flow on a year-to-date basis. For the quarter, lower onetime cost related to acquisitions, lower taxes and reduced capital spending all contributed to the improvement, but by far the largest driver was our improved working capital. As we had guided at the end of last quarter, working capital efficiency improved in the 3rd quarter as sales volumes increased in our light vehicle segments and inventory was reduced in our heavy vehicle businesses. The strong cash flow performance in the 3rd quarter positions us to deliver a positive free cash flow in 2020 despite the challenging circumstances.
Please turn with me now to slide 14 for our outlook for the remainder of the year. As a result of the dramatic improvement in our end markets during the 3rd quarter, we are reinstating our full year financial guidance, which does not anticipate production stoppages in the 4th quarter due to pandemic containment measures. We expect full year sales to be approximately 6.8 billion at the midpoint of our range and adjusted EBITDA to be about 560 million, which implies a profit margin of about 8%. This guidance anticipates lower sales on a sequential basis, which is typical in our business as the 4th quarter has fewer work days. It also implies relatively high decrementals margins compared to the 4th quarter of last year when we received 17 million in proceeds related to an indirect tax expense recovery in Brazil. We expect positive adjusted free cash flow on a full-year basis of up to a 1% margin. Diluted adjusted EPS is expected to be approximately $0.45 per share at the midpoint of the range.
Please turn with me now to slide 15 for a closer look at the year-over-year sales and profit changes at the midpoint of our guidance ranges. Shown on slide 15 are the 4 factors driving our expected sales and profit changes in 2020 compared to the prior year. The difference between our current guidance and the initial guidance we issued at the beginning of the year is almost exclusively, due to the impact of the global pandemic including production shutdowns and end market disruptions. First organic changes are expected to be about a 1.8 to 1.9 billion headwind to sales, again primarily driven by the pandemic related shutdowns and end market disruptions. We are expecting decrementals in the mid 20% range as we indicated on our last earnings call, leading to nearly a $0.5 billion profit decline. Second inorganic growth from the Graziano and Fairfield business is shown on this chart, include the sales and profit for the first 2 months of 2020 and the full year incremental cost synergies. This business will add nearly a 115 million in sales and should expand margins by 20 basis points as a result of the subsequent contribution margin, and the delivery of the remaining 15 million of cost synergies. Third, we anticipate the impact of foreign currency translation to be a headwind of about 50 million to sales and about 5 million to profit with no margin impact. Finally, we expect a commodity cost tailwind of about 10 million in profit. Our input cost have been lower this year, so the recovery from customers are lower as well, representing about a 30 million headwind to sales. The combination of lower sales and higher profit will generate about 20 basis points of margin expansion. While this certainly has not played out as anyone had anticipated we remain committed to managing our cost and remain on track to deliver decremental margins in the mid '20s through this unprecedented period.
Please turn with me now to slide 16 for a closer look at how we expect adjusted EBITDA will convert to cash flow. As mentioned previously, we expect positive free cash flow this year up to 1% of sales at the top end of our expectations. The chart on the page illustrates the major components that would deliver free cash flow of about 50 million and compares the major changes to last year. More than half of the year-over-year profit decline should be offset by lower onetime cost associated with last year's Graziano and Fairfield acquisitions, lower cash taxes from lower profits, a modest source of cash and working capital as sales are lower, and a meaningful reduction in capital spending.
Please turn with me now to page 17 where I'll provide some color on our end market outlook as we begin to think about how 2021 is shaping up. As we look forward, we expect generally positive end market conditions. First, in the light vehicle market, we anticipate full frame truck demand to continue its recent strength as vehicle inventories for our key platforms remain in abnormally low levels. We will also see a sales benefit from our backlog as new models such as the Bronco Sport launches later this year and from the highly anticipated Bronco launch slated for next year. Second in the commercial vehicle market, Class 8 and medium truck demand in North America has strengthened this year coming out of the production shutdowns. Improving demand is expected to continue into next year as 3rd-party estimates call for production near replacement levels. We'll also begin production on key EV truck platforms for customers in mid 2021 adding modestly to our topline initially, but growing in importance, from a margin contribution perspective as the programs mature. Finally, our key segments of the Off-Highway equipment to market, demand for agriculture equipment has strengthened over the last few quarters and that trend is expected to continue into next year, driven by government incentives around the world, aimed at stabilizing the farming sector and from normal equipment replacement activity.
Construction equipment demand has stabilized and is expected to improve as we move into next year, driven by low inventory levels and infrastructure investment. The foundation of the Dana Operating System is underpinned by 4 major pillars; Safety, Quality, Delivery and Efficiency. As a team, we will remain laser focused on utilizing this system to protect our employees and customers while maximizing value for shareholders as we capitalize on these improving market conditions next year. Thank you for listening in today and I'll now turn the call back over to Regina. So we can take your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
And at this time, we would like to begin the Q&A session. [Operator Instructions]
Your first question is from the line of Aileen Smith with Bank of America.
Aileen Smith -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Good morning, everyone. First question, using the midpoint of your revenue and EBITDA outlook for 2020 implies an EBITDA margin. I would think a little less than 9% for the 4th quarter. Some of which you noted with seasonal and then also function of the Brazilian indirect tax recovery. However, as we think about the starting point for 2021 in terms of margin performance is 3Q or 4Q the more appropriate level to think about or perhaps as another way, whether factor that work in the 3rd quarter, like very favorable volume mix and price that perhaps inflated margins a bit more than you would think would persist going forward, even despite you working down factors like premium freight and other cost efficiencies.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Good morning Aileen. This is Jonathan. You know typically our margin cadence is higher in the 2nd and 3rd quarter with normal seasonality, so typically we have fewer work days and a larger margin or lower margin profile in the 1st and 4th quarter. So, seasonally Q3 is closer to a better performance, but really I think the answer is neither a quarter is typical of what we would have expected to see at the beginning of the year, sales levels still remain below where we would have anticipated, particularly in the heavy vehicle business and the contribution margin from the Off-Highway segment is a very meaningful profit indicator to get us to that 12% range, closer to where we were last year. So I think that's probably a better way to think of it, as those markets continue to recover, which we expect, as we indicated early into next year that will start to happen, we expect to see margin upside from where we are today.
Aileen Smith -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay, great, that's helpful. And the second question, I believe your last disclosure in the 4th quarter of last year was that about 15% of your 2020 to 22 backlog was attributable to EV programs, given what appears to be real traction more recently with EV technology and EV players across all end markets as well as some of your partnerships like High Lion [Phonetic] do you have an updated or even high level view around the percentage of your backlog or even programs launching next year that are attributable the EVs.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, when we provide our refreshed backlog early next year, we'll absolutely give an update on that. But you're spot on, we've had a lot of traction there, we would expect that percentage to grow. We talked about the Medium Duty platforms that we've won both in the US and in Europe. Jim touched on the Reach Stacker application that's is going to be coming to market next year. So we really are starting to see some traction. We would expect that to improve and more to come on the specifics early next year.
Aileen Smith -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay. And last question if I may. And I appreciate it may be a tough one. As we think about the upcoming US election and potential implications from the new administration on internally, what are some of the things that you're thinking about whether taxes or trade or environment and you're planning around with respect to the election and perhaps some pre-emptive actions you might be taking to mitigate those implications, if there are any under new administration?
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hey Aileen, this is Jim. Thanks a lot for the question. You're right. That's a bit of a toughy. I will tell you, from our standpoint, they're not really changing a lot, we at Dana have already been doing, some would have argued, which I think [Indecipherable] in their own argument looking back on it would have argued that we were ahead of the curve, jumping on the electrification and sustainability trail a good 5 years ago doing what that is. There's certainly a lot of, a lot of optics and that could be a much stronger push, not just here obviously in United States, but around the world. Besides that, I'd say we were very plugged into what is going to happen in current administration, whatever the next administration may or may not be and very representative that was being a leader in the USMCA process as the only mobility supplier that was even deep into the discussions and trying to support our customers in that. So, we'll will continue to be plugged in and supportive in what we believe is the right direction to support our customers and our stakeholders.
Aileen Smith -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Great, that's very helpful. Thanks for the questions.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Emmanuel Rosner with Deutsche Bank.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hi, good morning everybody.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning. Manuel.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Just quick additional clarification on the 4th quarter implied guidance. So I think it's midpoint, we're talking about maybe revenue coming down sequentially by $200 million or so, maybe 10%. So, I understand the seasonality like is but at the same time, a lot of production, especially in the light vehicle side, seems to be running flat out as you pointed was low inventory. So any specific segments within, where you would expect some of the seasonal sequential decline to happen more than elsewhere.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. We're probably just a bit more cautious on the heavy vehicle market. So I think you're right, I think we're going to continue to see quite a bit of strength in light vehicle on the margins, it may be slightly lower, but I think the space where we're probably a bit more cautious is just on the heavy vehicle side. So these are quite uncertain times we're confident enough to put guidance out because we have pretty good outlook through the end of the year, but I would say that's probably the area where we're a bit more cautious is on both of our heavy vehicle segments.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay. So that's what's implied in guidance, the bulk of the sequential decline in commercial and in Off-Highway revenues. All right.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, that's fair.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay, perfect. And then just one more clarification on the 4th quarter so that implies, sort of 8.8% EBITDA guidance that's I understand your point on the year-over-year decremental and the absence of a tax recovery, but just in terms of absolute margin, can you just go back over some of the factors there. I think there is some currency and if you also to think about
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Biggest driver is just the sales level. So a $1.8 billion quarter is pretty low for us particularly compared to where we would have been last year. So the loss contribution margin in the Off-Highway business as an example is a pretty meaningful impact on that and then the second factor you noted compared to last year is the mention we made to the indirect tax recovery in Brazil. So when you take both of those into account that's what's driving the margins that are high single digits versus into the double-digit.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay, great. And then just following up on the electrified vehicle pipeline and your backlog. Can you just remind us sort of the the main segments or I guess the rough breakdown of where your current backlog is or at least as of what was last disclosed before the update and what you've announced since then. And I'm sure you're seeing a lot of increased activity in the light duty trucks as well like such as pick-ups, when would you expect some of those first industry awards to happen.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So as you alluded to in our indication earlier this year of our backlog having about 15% in electrification, the largest portion of that was in the commercial vehicle segment where we had announced our first, medium-duty electrification win toward the end of last year. Since then, we won another major program in Europe, we've picked up some programs in the Off Highway segment, one of those that we featured today. So those would be the incremental wins that would be driving that increased proportion of our backlog that we would expect to come in electrification. You know as it relates to the light vehicle segment tremendous amount of activity right there, we don't have anything that we can talk about right now within the light vehicle space on the major program side, but I would indicate that that's going to be coming in the next couple of years, as we see the more effort put into that category, but a lot of effort right now on the medium-duty segment with a host of customers and as well on the Off-Highway side.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Noah Kaye with Oppenheimer.
Noah Kaye -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst
Hey, thanks for taking the questions. Let me just follow up on that last one because I think it speaks to kind of an ongoing debate around degrees of in-sourcing around electrified powertrains and certainly with your current backlog reflecting relatively more exposure to commercial vehicle and Off-Highway, it just strikes that between all the acquisitions you've made, including the investment you announced today, you just continue to focus more on integrated systems and getting the software capabilities, the motor integrated E-axle, and I guess just how do you think broadly about the defensibility that sort of integrated go to market, when you look at commercial vehicle and Off-Highway versus say the light vehicle market.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, sure. So when we think about the traction we've gotten the heavy vehicle markets, you're absolutely right, our customers are looking for full systems. But in those markets today, the customers do a lot of drive system work-in-house, and that many of them are working on in-house solutions for those vehicles as well too, and we think the same is largely true on the light vehicle side, certainly many of the early programs customers have announced an in-house content in those, but just to continue to remind everyone in the light vehicle business today for traditional internal combustion engine propulsion systems many of the rigid axles and driveshafts are done in-house today by customers as well, and they also outsource a number of those to us and many of our competitors. So we expect that trend to continue as we continue to indicate there is a lot of activity with many of our customers across the all end markets, demonstrating the systems capability and we continue to believe that customers from all 3 of our major end markets will outsource e-Propulsion systems in the future as well too and that's why these investments to give us full electro dynamic capabilities in-house, the software capabilities to continue to develop and grow to the Pi Innovo are going to help us to deliver really strong systems when our customers look to have some of these platforms done on the outside.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
If I may just to kind of give you some color to it. I would almost argue or not argue, but reference it wasn't by accidents of our cover page picture this time, just reminding maybe a very good chunk of the audience in today's call about the multiple end market exposure that we have and commercial channels, which is not by accident. That's our strategy and it's a very intentional, secondarily what is [Indecipherable] i.e. gives us plenty of lessons learned, road miles or other miles. If you want to call that are kilometers and as we're continuing to develop and launch medium-duty vehicles those are obviously on the smaller side of the commercial vehicle market. All of that benefits us in terms of being prepared for our markets on light duty as they come through, but we've said since the beginning of the enterprise strategy development back win is that our markets are going to come further down, downstream and we've provided the keyword I would offer you to hang on is optionality, optionality of which markets within light vehicle, optionality outside of into our other multiple markets that it's all coming together, the way we, I guess I would say as we expected.
Noah Kaye -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst
Yeah. I appreciate that, Jim. And I think it makes sense in terms of seeing these middle mile and last mile, medium-duty applications being some of the first to really show strong demand, so I understand your positioning there and thanks. I guess, just wanted to go back to the comments you made around the near term, you mentioned you're just a bit more cautious in terms of the near-term outlook on the heavy vehicle side and I guess it would be helpful if you can provide any regional color on where you think there might be some softness as certainly, I think in North America here we are seeing improving construction trends as we head into the 4th quarter. obviously the build rates for Class 8 seem pretty stable if not on an upswing. So, I don't know if you're thinking about that potential, the sequential softness coming from China and other region, but any kind of color you could provide would be helpful.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Just a couple of markets I'd point to that we're a little bit concerned about South America, the Brazil market is very important for us that market continues to be quite sluggish. The second one would be India that market, particularly on the construction side has been a bit slow. So those are a couple of areas that we would point to. As you know, and as we even noted as we look into 2021, we think that there is promise for improvement, not only in agriculture, but also in construction globally, but just in the near term. I think we're a little bit cautious on the next couple of months and a couple of those spots outside of the US I'd point to as areas of concern.
Noah Kaye -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst
Okay, that's very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of James Picariello with KeyBanc Capital Markets.
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hey, good morning guys.
Good morning, James Can you quantify maybe I missed it, can you quantify the premium freight and inefficiency cost that light vehicle incurred in the quarter this is expected to continue in the 4th.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, it had a material impact not only on light vehicles results, but also on overall Dana had we not had premium cost in the 3rd quarter, you would have seen decrementals closer to the mid '20s like we saw in the prior quarter and as we mentioned the premium freight was the biggest driver. The positive there is that has subsided so we saw the highest spike in the month of August, September improved a bit, October is on track to improve again sequentially. So we're seeing that come down, we think we'll be in a much better spot by the end of the 4th quarter and as we mentioned, we think we're going to be in a really strong position to have a strong year-over-year incrementals in the light vehicle segment next year.
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
So some spillover related to premium freight in the 4th quarter. [Indecipherable]
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I mean it's considerably lower, but we're still incurring some in the month of October. But the important part is the trend is moving in the right direction and we're working our-self in a better position.
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay and then just back on the guidance for revenue, the 4th quarter. Yeah, the implied decline is maybe a point worse than 3rd quarters and I mean. Yeah. If we look at commercial vehicle production comps for the 4th quarter. we look at trends in Off Highway, I mean there is nothing that would directly support a worst revenue comp year-over-year for Dana in the 4th quarter compared to the 3rd. Is it really just Brazil sluggishness and in India construction or is there more to kind of round that out.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Those are the best discrete examples I can point to and then also, I think we're just, we're cautious in this environment and we are reinstating our guidance, but we're certainly in a position to make sure that we want to have a strong finish to the year.
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, fair enough. And then just one last one for me. As we think about next year and Dana has normalized incremental margins. Are there any one-time costs or permanent savings kind of you call out as we consider next year's earnings bridge. I mean, just the unwind of this year temporary austerity measures, tamper next year's incremental margins or they're positive offsets to sustain a normalize contribution margin possibly something better, how should we think about maybe some of those buckets.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, I think you touched on a couple. For example, you're right. We will pay all our people for a full 5-day work-week we would expect next year where obviously some of those austerity measures, in the 2nd quarter of this year were temporary. So you're right, there will be some what we're traditionally fixed costs that we flex that will come back, but we've also indicated that we took some -- we made some very difficult decisions and made some investment and took some permitted austerity measures during the midst of the crisis, that will have a lasting benefit into next year. So we'll be in a position where those cost reductions will benefit that and help us to make some of the investments, we would like to bring some of these exciting new products to market. So more to come on that. We'll give some color on the permanent cost reductions when we give a guidance for next year, hopefully early next year.
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Got it. Thanks guys.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure, absolutely.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Rod Lache with Wolfe Research.
Rod Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Hi, everybody. I just wanted to follow up with a few more questions on electrification. So you focused on the commercial vehicle and Off-Highway side I think not only because you thought it would come first, but also because you kind of saw a more attractive competitive landscape. Can you just give us your high level view on the light vehicle side, are you still kind of looking at a sector that will be significantly more competitive, are there any specific areas that you see as a more compelling for Dana specifically within light vehicle and over time, you just, you believe your position in light vehicle will be sustained. Is that electrified.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, good morning. This is Jim. Thanks for the question. Thanks for joining us today. I think it's a good question. My view is that it's not marketing or just let me give you the positive. The reality is, is that we, as you know, but for everyone else, I mean, we're focused on large SUVs and trucks on up and purely the fact that rigid axle, beam axles and all of the torque and robustness of those products in all your knowledge and understanding the markets and all that is still going to be very critical. Not to mention everything as it relates to this significant upswing in the Off Road enthusiast markets and those type of products which you know, we are on Wrangler, we're on the Gladiator, we're on the Bronco and all that stuff. We're going to participate in different ways, there is no doubt about that as it comes through the system, and I hope I can answer your question. what I can't do is gun jump and get any further than what I can talk about. All I can tell you is back to overuse of my word I said earlier, we have positioned ourselves in the optionality standpoint of supporting our customers with the full 3-in-1s in the future in these areas and we're going to have the benefit of a lot of lessons learned and on the road products that are out there for some period of time, not to mention the full operating system software that's on these vehicles and we're going to be on the road next year that will pull back as it relates to just 3-in-1 side of it, but it's going to be a very efficient systems that are going to put our customers in that same situation they've been in for years, which is sometimes they do it in-house, sometimes they don't do it in-house, sometimes they break it up between the products of a motor, inverter and gearbox. So all we can do is position ourselves for success and we feel pretty strongly that we're in a good position.
Rod Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Great, thanks for addressing that. And just lastly, I know you're not updating backlog or mid-term revenue expectations, but can you give us any kind of high level thoughts on either volumes or potential content per vehicle on some of these applications and medium-duty and Off-Highway that you've cited.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Rod, we've given a general comment that the adding electric dynamics will at least double the content, but certainly we're seeing better than that. We indicated for example the medium-duty electric platform are launching next year at a multiple much higher than that because we were responsible for the full e-Powertrain system, but we also feel that the proof point on the Reach Stacker is interesting as well too where that quadrupled our content. So we continue to see that this is going to be at least 2 times the content and certainly there's quite a bit of upside on that depending on the application. So as we bring forward the backlog, the CPE increases a big driver of what's helping to create this revenue potential.
Rod Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Joseph Spak with RBC Capital Markets.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you. Good morning, everyone.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Joe.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Just to go back to the some of the inefficiencies in the premium costs, I understand that you say there, they're getting better and it sounds like you think they should subside as this is moving to '21. Is that because I understand the source. If I guess the cost this quarter, was it really a function of the pace of the recovery and not a function of freight capacity and availability and hence price is that why you see it coming better.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Joe. This is Jim. This isn't your first rodeo you hit the nail right on. They had. It totally was all about pace. If you just kind of out the programs we're on, the demand that you can imagine that was out there and the markets that certainly our customers wanted to capitalize on. We will do what it takes to do that no matter how fast that pace is and then all the challenges that are around the world it relates to people getting people to go to work and all that other stuff. So it was a, I'll call it a window in time that we had to do, but if you kind of take sequentially between the months of June to July, August, September, etc., etc., I've never in my life, I can tell you that I know you know this, about, I mean I come from manufacturing and they will come from somewhere, right, and never in my life by taking down over 150 facilities to a dead stop then start them all up and then all by the way, put them, not kind of a run rate, normal capacity. We'll put them fully at full giddy up maximum capacity, it just is what it is and the team did a remarkable job. Frankly, I can't even put into words what a remarkable job our operating team did to pull it off and do what they're doing today. So I hope that answers your question.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yeah and helps explain why if things are relatively smoother next year, you could see better margins. Just on implied free cash flow in the 4th quarter I think typically the 4th quarter is stronger than the 3rd quarter from a free cash flow side of the guidance, I saw that lower was some of that timing and our working capital timing between the 3rd and the 4th or there is anything, any other color you can provide there.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
No, you're absolutely right, more of our seasonal generation of free cash flow came in the 3rd quarter. So that's the primary driver between that typically, most of that comes in the 4th quarter, but just due to the shutdowns in Q3 that's the biggest driver.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay and then just to follow on some of the electrification questions as it pertains to the light vehicle side, we're seeing in some cases on the light vehicle side, the concept of the motor moving closer to the wheel and in some cases even in the wheel, I think you actually have that type of technology for the Off-Highway segment, but what's your view on that approach for the light vehicle market and can you participate if that's the way that market evolves, if it's not sort of a straight E-axle for light vehicle like you currently.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Let me start with that. And you said, it's the now formula little bit there. Joe, the way you put that question I would take the audience back to the visual that we showed in the Off-Highway market just a starting point. Essentially that is a form, albeit in a Reach Tacker, it's a form of wheel-end technology. The point here is, is that every vehicle is going to have, it's not going to be a one size fits all depending on which type of propulsion system. It's going to depend on the vehicle. I would tell you that there is going to be certainly a lot of them that probably I would argue, more in the passenger car side that maybe closer to the wheel, but when you think about the load-bearing and the load-carrying requirements on pick-up trucks and medium-duty trucks and all that stuff, you still need that support i.e. beam axles and others. So I'm not going to tell you, I'm not an OEM I never pretend to be an OEM and I don't design cars and trucks for living, but I would tell you, at least from a propulsion system standpoint and actual standpoint and what we do for a living. I think you're still going to continue to see a mixed bag, as it relates to the design of the vehicles and if it's either again a beam axle or it's at the wheel.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
And you aren't different or between [Indecipherable] I guess you can participate here on either side approaches.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, absolutely. Again, maybe I didn't make it very clear, but just I used the example without gun jumping again with that Reach Stacker is a form of wheel-end type of electrification execution, but if you take the vehicles that we're going to we've already communicated to you or presented to you that will be on the road in the New Year. Some of the medium duties, those are going to be more historical beam axle with the electric either integrated design for the motor or a direct drive as we call it. Thank you.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thanks Jill.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Brian Johnson with Barclays.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays -- Analyst
Good morning. Jim, John and Dana team. Everyone circling around the same question, so I'll just ask it directly. I know you're not giving mid-term guidance or backlog. But if we think mid-decade and I think what people are trying to get their heads around is what's the upside opportunity in commercial and Off-Highway from electrification versus the potential erosion of light vehicle as things like the Rebien [Phonetic], the Badger if it comes to market etc. kind of eden, at least to some end of the SUV pick-up truck market.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah sure Brian. The best thing I can point to last year at our Investor Day, we highlighted that we believe by 2023 our electrified business would achieve $0.5 billion of sales and that in 2018 it was only $100 million business. So that $400 million of upside over that period, was one of the big drivers to our longer-term revenue growth outlook, we don't believe there'll be any cannibalization of internal combustion product in the light vehicle side over the next few years. So that was a pretty meaningful, it was largely all upside or you could add to, and that's where we had. This was pre-pandemic, but we had indicated that we felt sales could go from the mid $8.5 billion range to $10 billion and that electrification growth story was one of the major drivers there, so that's probably the best thing I can point to, right now and we'll hope to get a little more color on the progress as we prosecute against that plan early next year, when we lay out a guide and a backlog refresh.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays -- Analyst
And will that go through at least mid-decade when electrification and suctions likely to accelerate.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. We typically do a 3-year backlog. So I guess next year would take us through to 2023 on the backlog side and that's where our target was, and we'll give some thought to what we indicate beyond 2023.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay. Secondly, could you maybe elaborate a bit on where you see the applications for the Pi software in your portfolio and kind of how quickly that relationship could ramp up in a kind of accelerate your module business.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it's probably no surprise the relationship started quite some time ago. So the investment follows working with them on some existing programs in their open ECU platform and software architecture, we're utilizing on a few programs already. This software can sit on electronic control unit that is managing the 3-in-1 system. It could be a vehicle control or on a full electrified powertrain. There are number of applications that will use this in and the real key here is having a stronger relationship and an ownership stake in this business will help to improve our competitive position as the software and control logic of these systems can be a meaningful differentiator. So really excited about further expansion there. But to your question, it's quite broad, it can be used in the 3-in-1 system, it can be used in the full embedded vehicle software, the vehicle control unit. There are a number of places that can be used in the electrified propulsion architecture.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Ryan Brinkman from JP Morgan.
Ryan Brinkman -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Hi, thanks for taking my question, which is how are you thinking about normalized margin now relative to before COVID-19. So sort of putting aside all of the social distancing or protective equipment cost to sales deleverage, the premium cost and inefficiencies associated with the shape of the recovery, the structural cost saves when you add it all up, what do you think that means for the normalized margin of the business relative to whatever path you are on prior to the pandemic.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. While we're not in a position Ryan necessarily to update our longer-term guidance right now. The indication, I'd give you is that we think that these puts and takes are probably pretty balanced, maybe a little bit more leaning to upside with some of the structural cost improvements that we made. So, we still remain convicted in the long-term margin expansion potential in the business and of equal if not greater importance, the ability to convert more of that to cash than we have in the past. The growing pains that we've talked about in light vehicle in the 3rd quarter as Jim mentioned, or just unprecedented, never have we idled factories for months at a time and then brought them back up to max capacity shortly thereafter. So we think those things are temporary, and we'll work through, and we remain pretty optimistic about the long-term profit and cash flow prospects of the business.
Ryan Brinkman -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure.
Operator
Our final question come from the line of Dan Levy with Credit Suisse.
Dan Levy -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. thank you. Hey. So first question just wanted to ask on Power Technologies 13 plus percent margin that I think like the highest quarterly margin that we've seen in over 2 years. Just give a little color on the underlying dynamics to that result and I mean how much should actually carry forward. And I think historically the segment was doing 15% margin. I think there were some issues on commodities and reduced aftermarket mix. Is 15% margin in Power Technologies feasible in the future.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. If Dan, if you go back to what caused margin compression in power tech last year that we talked about, it was a few factors, first geographic mix hurt, we saw some reduction in highly profitable regions outside of the US. Second was the commodities, as you mentioned, we really saw some increases in some of the key components, for aluminum and nickel, and then finally on the front of the product launches, we had a couple of really big product launches that brought new technology into the business and we needed some self-help to improve those and really all 3 of those have improved in 2020 compared to 2019. So lower commodity costs getting past those initial launches that we had touched on for new technology and then also an improvement in geographic mix have gotten us there. So, as you noted, delivering 13.5% margins and still, what's not a fantastic global market is a pretty good indicator that the profitability of this business has some room to improve going forward. So we'll continue to focus on that and executing to help to deliver some margin expansion out of the profit over the power tech segment as well.
Dan Levy -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Great. And then i just have a question on EV and I guess, actually let's call it, maybe you're Powertrain 1.0 content because I think all your customers on the light vehicle side pretty clear going needs to focus much more heavily on the transition to EV and so there's a lot of deallocating resources away from combustion vehicles, but we know combustion vehicles are still nearly all of vehicle sales, so combustion is still very well, but is it possible that given combustion is very relevant, but OEMs need to shift a lot more of their focus toward EV that you could arguably gain more what's called a Powertrain 1.0 content to OEMs need to rely more heavily on the supply chain. So let's call it more of a opportunity over the next 3 to 5 years to capture that incremental business.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, that's something Dan that we've talked about, when we talked about our laid out our strategy kast year, one of the real key components. The second element of our strategy is continuing to strengthen customer centricity, and the view there is that by being close to our customer performing well. There is greater opportunity to pick up some of the outsource content as they focused on the other mega trends such as shared mobility, autonomous driving, digitalization of vehicles. So we absolutely believe that their capital is precious and we have shared some proof point over the last proof points over the last few years, where we've picked up some incremental internal combustion engine driveline content as customers reallocate capital. So we do think that continues to be a bit of a tailwind for us and we're focused on having the right performance to make sure we're the supplier of choice when they make those decisions.
Dan Levy -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
And those outsourcing discussions accelerated more heavily in the last, call it 6 months as EV has become much, much more and focus is that.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, last 6 months have been a lot of focused on EV and a lot of focus on navigating through these challenging times. But it's fair to say that we still think that that trend and opportunity exists.
Dan Levy -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you.
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Dan.
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. This is Jim. With that, I'll do a quick close. Again thank you for everyone for attending today. With Dana, I hope it's pretty obvious, not just this quarter, but any quarter that we tend not to let the grass grow under our feet. We tend to keep moving, like everyone we're certainly managing through the effects of COVID-19 and that cann't be minimized, and as a quick shout out to particularly all of our associates in our manufacturing facilities and technical centers or test centers would think about it. There is a lot more folks that are working at Dana on site than that are not and we appreciate everything they do, not just for us at Dana, but for everyone. It isn't by accident that ambulances get built and we're part of that solution, and many others. So thank you to our team members.
Secondarily from that we're managing at maximum how cities and supporting our customers and the team has done a great job with that, but at the same time we're maintaining that optionality that I talked about earlier, which leads to scale across multiple end markets. It's not for the faint of heart, but it is for the right thing for our stake, our shareholders and we do that at the same time while coming up now, we'll be launching new business associated with, for example the Fiat Chrysler TRX or the Bronco Sport in the quarter, but we don't stop there. As you heard today, we also added panel with outstanding partnership as it relates to gaining access to the open ECM platform, which has superior software controls that really truly provides us the ability to optimize our systems and create maximum value for our customers. So we're going to continue down with following our enterprise strategy, taking care of our customers and doing the right thing for our shareholders, at the same time being very focused on sustainability. We thank you again for your attendance and look forward to talking to all of you very soon.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks].
Duration: 63 minutes
Call participants:
Craig Barber -- Senior Director of Investor Relations and Strategic Planning
James Kamsickas -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jonathan Collins -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Aileen Smith -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Noah Kaye -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst
James Picariello -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Rod Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Brian Johnson -- Barclays -- Analyst
Ryan Brinkman -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Dan Levy -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
