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Essent Group Ltd (ESNT -1.01%)
Q3Â 2020 Earnings Call
Nov 6, 2020, 10:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the EssentLimited Third Quarter 2020 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. [Operator Instructions]. [Operator Instructions].
I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Chris Curran, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Thank you. Please go ahead.
Christopher G. Curran -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, Whitney. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our call. Joining me today are Mark Casale, Chairman and CEO; and Larry McAlee, Chief Financial Officer. Our press release, which contains Essent's financial results for the third quarter of 2020 was issued earlier today and is available on our website at essentgroup.com. Our press release also includes non-GAAP financial measures that may be discussed during today's call. The complete description of these measures and the reconciliation to GAAP may be found in Exhibit M of our press release. Prior to getting started, I would like to remind participants that today's discussions are being recorded and will include the use of forward-looking statements.
These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially. For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties, please review the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements in today's press release, the risk factors included in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020, as subsequently updated through other reports we filed with the SEC, and any other reports and registration statements filed with the SEC, which are also available on our website.
Now let me turn the call over to Mark.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Chris. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Earlier today, we reported third quarter earnings and are encouraged by our financial results, notwithstanding the COVID-19 operating environment. For the third quarter, we earned $125 million compared to $15 million last quarter and $145 million for the third quarter a year ago. The increase in this quarter's earnings was driven by a decrease in new default notices, which resulted in a lower loss provision of $55 million versus $176 million for the second quarter. Our outlook on the COVID-19 economy remains cautious. However, we are pleased with the resilience and strength that housing has demonstrated throughout the year. Unlike the great financial crisis when housing played a big role in the downturn, during COVID-19, housing has been a bright spot in the economy, low mortgage rates, affordability and rising demand for single-family homes have been the primary drivers of strong refi and purchase mortgage volumes.
For 2020, total mortgage originations are forecasted to be in excess of $3 trillion with over $500 billion of industry NIW. During the third quarter, we grew insurance in force 19% to $191 billion compared to $161 billion at September 30, 2019. Our growth this quarter was driven by $37 billion of NIW, offset by runoff as our persistency was 64% compared to 68% last quarter and 82% for the third quarter a year ago. We continue to be pleased with the high credit quality of our NIW, noting that the last two quarters production is stronger than earlier this year. This is due to the credit tightening by the GSEs and our industry in response to COVID-19, along with increased share of refi mortgages. For the third quarter, our NIW maintained an average FICO of 751 compared to 749 last quarter and 744 for the third quarter a year ago. Since the onset of COVID, our focus has been on enhancing our balance sheet and further strengthening our capital and liquidity positions. Most recently, we closed on a $399 million ILN transaction, increased our credit facility to $625 million and generated $385 million in net operating cash flow during the second and third quarters combined. As a result of these actions and including our $440 million capital raise in May, we now have access to over $1.1 billion of incremental capital versus where we were at March 31st.
From a PMIERs perspective we remain well positioned at September 30. After applying the 0.3 factor for COVID-19 defaults, Essent Guaranty's PMIERs sufficiency ratio is strong at 156% with $981 million in excess assets. Excluding the 0.3 factor, our PMIERs sufficiency ratio remained strong at 132% with $657 million in excess assets. Note that the PMIERs excess does not include the $685 million in cash and investments at the holding company nor the capital credit provided by our October ILN transaction. Essent Guaranty remains the highest rated monoline in our industry at single A by A.M. Best, and A3 and BBB+ by -- and S&P, respectively. On the Washington front, we continue to believe that Essent and private mortgage insurance are well positioned regardless of the outcome of the election. As mentioned, housing has been a bright spot in the economy during COVID-19 and private mortgage insurance plays a key role in facilitating homeownership. Certainly, as the political landscape begins to take shape over the coming months, we will focus on any new initiatives pertaining to housing finance and implications on our business. Finally, our buy, manage and distribute operating model provides us confidence in managing our business through cycles and mitigating franchise volatility. In connection with this confidence, along with our strong capital and liquidity positions, our Board of Directors has approved a quarterly dividend of $0.16 per share to be paid on December 10. We will evaluate future dividends as we continue to navigate the COVID-19 economic environment.
Now let me turn the call over to Larry.
Lawrence E. McAlee -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Mark, and good morning, everyone. I will now discuss our results for the quarter in more detail. For the third quarter, we earned $1.11 per diluted share compared to $0.15 last quarter and $1.47 for the third quarter a year ago. Weighted average diluted shares outstanding for the third quarter of 2020 was 112 million shares, up from 103 million shares in the second quarter due to the full quarter impact of our equity offering in May. Net earned premium for the third quarter of 2020 was $222 million, which represents an increase of $19 million or 9% from $203 million in the third quarter of 2019. Third quarter earned premiums are up $11 million compared to the second quarter of 2020, primarily due to a 9% increase in average insurance in force. The average net premium rate for the U.S. mortgage insurance business in the third quarter was 46 basis points, down from 48 basis points in the second quarter of 2020 and 49 basis points in the third quarter of 2019. The decrease compared to the prior quarter is primarily due to a one basis point decline in the base premium rate and a reduction in single premium cancellation income of $2.1 million. Single premium cancellation income contributed five basis points to the average net premium rate in the third quarter, while ceded premiums reduced the premium rate by five basis points.
Note that these rates exclude the impact of premiums earned by Essent Re on our GSE risk share transactions. Related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, during the third quarter, we received 12,614 new notices of default, which is down 66% compared to 37,357 defaults reported in the second quarter. Due to the lower number of default notices during the third quarter, the provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses was $55 million compared to $176 million last quarter. Also, as a result of lower defaults at September 30, our default rate declined 65 basis points to 4.54% from 5.19% at June 30. Since April 1, 2020, we've assumed that all reported new defaults relate to COVID-19. For these defaults, we continue to use a 7% claim rate assumption to provide for losses and loss adjustment expenses. This compares to an approximate 9% claim rate, which was used in the first quarter for early stage defaults prior to the onset of the pandemic. We believe programs such as the federal stimulus, foreclosure moratoriums, and mortgage forbearance may extend traditional default to claim time lines. Because of this, we are estimating a lower claim rate on COVID-19 defaults than our historical experience, where borrowers did not have access to these types of programs. As of September 30, our consolidated reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses was $308 million.
Of this amount, $247 million relates specifically to the COVID-19 defaults reported to the company in the second and third quarters of 2020. $12 million of these reserves were ceded under the quota share reinsurance agreement. The COVID-19 related reserve recorded in the second quarter was $189 million. Note that we did not adjust this reserve in the third quarter as this amount continues to represent our best estimate of the ultimate losses to be incurred for claims associated with these second quarter defaults. Other underwriting and operating expenses declined $2 million to $37 million in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the second quarter. The expense ratio was 16.7% in the third quarter compared to 18.4% in the second quarter of 2020 and 20.4% in the third quarter a year ago. The effective income tax rate for the nine and three months ended September 30 was 16%. The consolidated balance of cash investments at September 30, 2020, was $4.7 billion. Essent Group Limited paid a quarterly cash dividend totaling $17.9 million to shareholders in September. As Mark noted, on October 14, the company executed an amendment of our credit facility, which provided for issuance of an additional $100 million term loan and an increase in the revolving component of the credit facility to $300 million.
The proceeds of the additional term loan as well as cash at our holding company were used to pay down all amounts drawn under the revolving credit facility. Accordingly, we currently have approximately $580 million of cash and investments at the holding company and $300 million of undrawn capacity under the revolving credit facility. The amended credit facility matures on October 16, 2023. On October 8, we closed our second Radnor Re insurance-linked note transaction of this year which provides for $399 million of reinsurance protection on approximately $13 billion of risk in force. This transaction pertains to our new insurance written from September 2019 through July 2020, which was not previously covered by our quota share reinsurance agreement.
Now let me turn the call back over to Mark.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Larry. In closing, while the COVID-19 operating environment persists, we were encouraged by our financial results and the lower number of new defaults reported to us during the third quarter. Even though our outlook on the economy remains cautious, we are confident in managing our business during these uncertain times with a strong housing backdrop and a robust levels of high credit quality NIW, our business is operating on all cylinders. Given the measures that we have taken in strengthening our financial and liquidity positions, along with having 95% of our portfolio reinsured, the economic engine of our franchise is firmly in place.
Now let's get to your questions. Operator?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions]. Your first question is from the line of Douglas Harter with Credit Suisse.
Douglas Harter -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Thanks. Mark, can you talk about the competitive dynamic that you're seeing for writing new business? You guys have been quite successful following capital raise of writing a lot more business than the industry. And just if you could shine some light on the competitive nature of it?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I mean, Doug, I don't think the competitive nature has changed too much. Although there's been some changes in the second and third quarter, which I think resulted in higher market share for us. You had a few of the MIs kind of really back down for credit or capital reasons. And we mentioned this on the second quarter call. I think just our strong balance sheet and liquidity enabled us to probably write more business and take advantage of those opportunities. We're basically open for business. And again, a few other guys backed out, we were able to take advantage of it. And I think it's just a good signal of the strength of the franchise. Overall, just in terms of the market, it's very large. So all the MIs are writing a lot of business. I think the pricing levels remain elevated. From a unit economics basis, they're pretty strong, pretty consistent with the 12% to 15% kind of returns that we look for. We continue to grow insurance in force, and we grew at 19% year-over-year. So I think it's a healthy environment. And a lot of that's because housing is healthy, right? I mean its strong demand for housing, both with the millennials, as we spoke about. And then you're seeing kind of the impacts of COVID, right? I mean, you're seeing more folks work from home.
So they need a bigger house. Maybe the kitchen table isn't the perfect home office anymore. You're seeing folks leave the city probably a little bit earlier. You're seeing people move out -- move further on the outskirts of cities. Again, with telecommuting, makes it easier to live further from the home office. And I think even post COVID the work environment is going to change. So you're going to see more kind of a hybrid type model. All those things are positive for housing. Low rates have clearly driven mortgage originations. So we're really the beneficiary of all that. So I think that's much larger than kind of what the competitive environment is for pricing. I think at some point, sometimes we get too caught up in some of that minutia, so to speak, and not look at kind of the bigger picture, which is we really follow where housing is going and housing in the current environment is quite strong.
Douglas Harter -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
I guess just to follow-up on that, now that you kind of had another quarter of market share gains and where in theory the competitors were back and open for business. Any thoughts as to whether any of that is kind of sticky and your longer-term view as to the share that Essent can get has changed?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
No, not really. I think, again, we're kind of 106. So that 15% to 16%, still kind of our long-term kind of goal of disposition in terms of market share. It's pretty much where we are now in terms of even insurance in force. We've kind of reached, I think, 15% of the total pie. It's a commodity business. And I think it's price-driven both at the borrower level via the engines, and it's price-driven off of kind of the remaining rate cards. So I would expect it to continue to be competitive, where our share is going to end up in the fourth quarter. Who knows, I mean, we didn't even know what our share was until to the other night when we got everyone's results. In terms of the pricing, Doug, the business is just changing, right? It's becoming much more opaque in terms of how pricing is delivered. It's done at the borrower level. I would say most senior management at the mortgage bankers don't even know who's getting the MI. It's really done the best price wins for the borrower. And I think that's great. It's great for the borrower. It's great for the lender. It's actually good for the MI because we don't always have to be the lowest price. And you've heard me say this over the past couple of years, EssentEDGE is really a risk management tool. It's helping us shape the portfolio. And just -- I know every MI, we've heard all the calls, every MI was the first one to change pricing. It seems like we all changed it like the day after COVID hit.
But the key point is the industry was able to respond very quickly. And make changes. And let's just go back three years, right? And let's assume we all had rate cards, and we wanted to make a pricing change. Well, every MI has to file in all 50 states, we have to then -- we have to come out with the pricing first, then we have to have discussions with the larger lenders who need to modify their systems. So in that environment, it's usually the first or second MI that kind of has pole position because the larger lenders program for -- and they are going to program it once. That's very easy to do when prices are lower, right? The first guy there, the lenders we're making, every other MI come in line. That's not the case today, right? I mean, if that was the case, it would have taken us six months to change pricing. And here, everyone -- most of the MIs did it within, say, four to six weeks. And that's a fundamental change of the business. And so when you think about what's the future hold, is there going to be a p-margin increase? Is there going to be a change in the tax rate? I think the industry is well equipped to change pricing, not so much on a dime, but really be able to change pricing quickly. So the pricing power has actually shifted much more to the MIs than I think investors think. So when you think about pricing, whether it goes up or goes down, it's really based on unit economics and unit economics, that's really what's driving kind of a lot of the pricing, much more analytical industry across the board when you examine all the -- look at all the different management teams.
And I think that's missed, I think people are still looking at the old pricing environment and just to power the engines and the ability to kind of dial up or dial down is important. And I'll give you one more example. I think in the summer, over the summer, we raised pricing in approximately 6% to 8% of our insurance in force. And those were areas, Doug, in MSAs where we saw the default rate significantly higher than our core default rate, right? So that you start to surmise that unemployment is higher in those areas, which it is. And over time, unemployment correlates to HPA. So again, with our engine, we're able to go in there and raise pricing. If we're able to get that business at higher rates, that's great, right? Good unit returns. If another MI sees the business differently and offers the borrower better rate. That's good too. So again, I think longer term, the engine is really a fundamental change. We said previously, the biggest change in the industry has been the reinsurance and the ability to take the volatility out of the balance sheet, and that's true. The pricing engines are becoming a close number, too, and it's really changing the nature of the business.
Douglas Harter -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Thanks, Mark.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Rick Shane with JP Morgan.
Rick Shane -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Hey, good morning everyone. Mark, you made some really interesting points about the granularity in terms of how you're looking at things. As we move forward and think about how the world is evolving, it's fair to say that not all credit is going to be the same and that there are going to be some distortions that occur. When you look forward and think about how you want to continue to grow the book, where do you think the best opportunities for better credit are and where are the opportunities -- or where are the greater risks in the system in the sort of new world post COVID?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
It's a good question. I think the answer is going to be just increased analytics, Rick. The old ways, I mean, remember, up until a couple of years ago, we priced off of FICO and LTV. Now we're doing -- we're pricing off additional factors such as the MSA and DTI and some of the other well-known factors. I think the next step is just increased analytics. So it's going to be other factors that really differentiate between what -- the 760 borrower. There's really good 760 borrowers who have been on the job for 10 years. And there's other 760 borrowers that may be right out of school, a much thinner file. And you know this from your credit card industry background. So those 760s are different, and they're going to perform differently, and they should be priced differently. Again, up until this point, there hasn't been a technology available to not only -- you could use the technology to come to an answer and use many more factors. You couldn't deliver that to the point of sale. And that's just changed. And you're going to see -- you're going to really see analytics be the key differentiator in the business going forward among the MIs. The model of, hey, 'Mark goes out and talks to a lender, they think he's great. It's a good relationship.
We're going to bequeath you 20% of the volume,' those days are gone, Rick. They're not gone overnight, but if you look and just see over the next one or two, three years, you can see it changing. So the business is really going to be more about increased analytics, managing your costs, right, managing your capital. It's going to look a lot more. You've heard me use the GEICO Progressive model. I'd also use the credit card model, where you're going to try to get out and try to have as many users using -- remember used to drop mailings on the credit cards. It's very similar if you just think through that. The holdback in this industry forever was the lender technology. It wasn't the MIs. It was just because of the technology; we weren't able to deliver that increased pricing or more granular pricing at the point of sale. And I would say now with Optimal Blue, Ellie Mae and Encompass, just some of the systems that the lenders themselves have, you're going to see that more and more readily available. I would say probably 70%, 75% of the volume in the industry is probably via the engine. And there's probably 25% that's still on the cards. But over time, you're going to see that move much closer to 100%, which again, is a big advantage for folks who can really leverage analytics and technology.
Rick Shane -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
You've understood the question exactly the spirit and the thought process behind it. I agree with you that there is going to be alpha to be generated, identifying an above-average 760 borrower versus a below-average 760 borrower. With that in mind, as you develop alternative sources of data, how easy is it to integrate new data strains into your underwriting API?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Five years ago would have been impossible. Today, it's available and is readily accessible.
Rick Shane -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Welcome.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Bose George with KBW.
Bose George -- KBW -- Analyst
Good morning. I just wanted to ask first about the OpEx line. The expense ratio is very low at 17%. So how should we think about that -- the trend for that line item?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Bose again, I think we're pleased with it. The line is moving. It's been going up for a long time. So it's nice to kind of see it go the other way. A couple of moving parts there. Clearly, now in a remote environment. And again, we're not remote. I mean, the -- our home office is actually back in, and we've been back in since Labor Day, and we're on kind of an alternative schedule and complying with all the safety standards. We're kind of back in the office and being very productive in terms of looking forward to build the business. But we haven't done a lot of travel. So we saved a ton of money on travel. And it's something, quite frankly, you're going to reexamine going forward in terms of leveraging travel, technology with Zooms. You're not going to have to go to every single meeting and travel as much as you did before. You're still going to go out and meet people and meet investors and meet lenders? Absolutely. But you're going to be able to do it a little bit more judiciously, and I would say, more efficiently. And then the other moving piece is the ceding commission on the quota share. And again, that's a service we provide to the reinsurer, and it's a way to leverage our expenses.
So -- and you've heard me say just earlier, those, as this business becomes more analytical and pricing expenses are key. So right now, we have the lowest expense ratio in the industry, and we almost have the lowest nominal cost, too. I mean, there's one other MI that has slightly lower operating expense levels, but their expense ratio is obviously significantly higher. So it's something we focus on all the time. There's the old saying, the best risk managers are the best cost managers. And we're focused on it. And I think part of that is our heritage, right? We started the company. A lot of the senior team put their own money into the business. I still sign checks over a certain size. And to me, that's a long-term advantage. It's one of the advantages we've had for a while, and I think it's starting to actually widen when you start to examine the expenses across the industry.
Bose George -- KBW -- Analyst
Okay. That makes sense. And then actually, I wanted to go back to the early question just on some of the market encourage your dynamics. Can you just talk about the bulk market? Has that grown as some of the big vendors who use that have become bigger? And then your comment about some of the MIs backing away a little bit. Was it more in the bulk market? Or was that kind of a broader comment?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I mean, I think there's a misconception around the bulk market. I would kind of break it out between the lenders who use the engine and lenders who are still on card. So there's the bulk cards that get bid out. There's also a negotiated card. So it's kind of like a -- it's another way to discount price. So again, that's about 25% of the market in the bulk market, which I think it's apparent. We're the only MI that competes in it because we haven't heard anyone else. Everyone else is denied that they compete in the bulk market, which we find a little humorous. I think in that market, yes, to be honest, those two large lenders came to us during the second -- one in the second and one in the third and said another MI could not fulfill the commitment, and we were able to basically step in at higher pricing. Because we raised the cards and we're able to kind of -- and that's really kind of driving some of that incremental share. That did come up for a bid again, and that was something where the pricing changed. I think one of the other MIs alluded to it on the call, and we moved away from it.
So we'll just continue. Again, it's -- we've always said market share ebbs and flows. When we see opportunities to put on risk, originate risk at attractive pricing. We're going to take advantage of it, but we don't have to reach for it. I mean we've been in the business now 10 years. We're going to run it for another 10 years. We don't get too caught up in kind of the ebbs and the flows, but we're also not religious against competing in it either, right? I mean, this is all about growing insurance in force at good economics. Longer term, do you want to drive the business more to the engine? Absolutely. But again, these things take time. Nothing happens overnight. But I do think, again, just the fact that those two lenders came to us is a good example of kind of the financial strength and the flexibility that we've built into the model.
Bose George -- KBW -- Analyst
Okay. Makes a lot of sense. Thanks.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Mark DeVries with Barclays.
Mark DeVries -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thank you. Mark, could you talk a little bit about the demand you saw for the latest ILN, how that compares to demand kind of pre-COVID and the implications longer-term for the ability to access that market through cycles?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Good question, Mark. We thought the demand was actually pretty strong, albeit a little bit higher pricing, right? It's not at the pre-COVID levels. And we structured around that, right? So if you look at our last ILN deal, we kind of went from a 3% to 6%. So we limited the band and that was really to kind of reduce. And we always think about in terms of premium basis points that we have to give up. So again, our equity raise, our ability to kind of hold more of that first loss piece even in our past business, despite the provision we've had on -- those are falls, we don't think we're going to hit those levels. So I think from our view, we made kind of a risk-reward trade-off, right? It's all about managing those unit economics. And we were pleased -- we were pleased with the demand. And I think every MI has hit the market, and I think that bodes well. I think it's close to $13 billion, $14 billion now of MI ILN, so which is good. The more the merrier in terms of that market because it provides more liquidity. And again, it's a big part of our model and the fact that it came back so quickly and in such strength is a good positive indicator for the longer term.
Mark DeVries -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay. Great. And then what level of HPA are you guys assuming in current reserves? And if we remain on trend, kind of what are the implications for the current reserve levels?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think with our reserves, I would say we were conservative, right? So I think we didn't -- we haven't -- HPA to us is a little bit of a backdoor opportunity. So when we set the reserves for both the second and third quarter, as Larry mentioned, we set at 7%, but it's right about 100% severity, which is our normal default. So if you kind of flash forward over the next six to 12 months and say forbearance ends, and that borrower goes into foreclosure, we think there's an opportunity with elevated HPAs for them to either not default, sell the house and get out of that. And part of that is just where our defaults are. I think the mark-to-market on our defaults is close to 80%. So they definitely have some cushion even if HPA doesn't move or if it even goes down a little bit, say there's a second recession, right, a recession after the recession, there's enough build in equity, that, that's a potential to limit defaults. That's kind of in our estimate of 7%, our estimate tend to be light, right? I mean, it can end up being 10%, but then severity is lower. You kind of all get to the same place, and that was all factored in.
Mark DeVries -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Jack Micenko with SIG.
Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. Mark, I was curious how you think about -- in the context of Bose's question with bulk business and competing for a one-off basis. How much does persistency or the forward view of persistency factor into your decision, meaning on a per unit basis, if you make a policy today and that policy on the books for six to eight years instead of three to four does that change your pricing or your inclination so that might increase a little more today because while it onset that permit transaction may be a little bit lower, the duration of it gets you back into or above sort of your sort of target return requirements?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
It's a good question. I would say on the singles business, although that kind of has dissipated, you're definitely going to factor in rates, right, because it's an LPMI, the shorter the policy, the better the benefit and kind of the unit economics. I think for BPMI, Jack, we're really hesitant to make interest rate calls, right? I think that's not something we're very good at, and I don't think we'd ever be good at it. So I think we structured on a kind of a consistent duration. And when we look at persistency versus kind of new originations, we do believe there's -- it's not a one-to-one correlation, but they're pretty correlated. So again, $500-plus billion NIW market this year, well, you're going to know that persistency is going to be in the 60s. So as we look forward and as we price business, if NIW continues to stay strong, we know persistency will continue to stay low. So I'm not trying to dodge the question. It's just that we don't try to get -- we try to be generally right around a lot of these pricing decisions versus kind of precisely wrong. And I think sometimes you can get a little too precise if you're trying to factor that stuff in.
Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst
But it sounds like credit is still the overriding sort of driver or the matrix of the engine in pricing strategy. Larry, quickly for you, we've been wrong on the investment yields for all these companies this quarter, it seems. Where are you raising new money, going to the portfolio? And how do we think about additional yield compression going forward? And also understanding that more cash on hand than you have because of the capital raises over the summer.
Lawrence E. McAlee -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Jack. I mean, rates are down. So our yield on new investments purchased during the quarter, the most recent quarter was about 1.6%. So you're seeing some rates go down. We've invested some things shorter. And so the average duration of the portfolio has come down as well. But we really are continuing to focus on the quality of the investment portfolio and managing a really high-quality investment portfolio. But yields are down. And as some of the existing fixed income securities mature and we reinvest that at some of the lower yield you'll see the average yield go down, but we continue to generate significant cash, as Mark had mentioned in his prepared remarks. So as a result, we would see the average balance going up. And I think that will drive a nominal increase in investment income ordinarily, but yield will continue to go down in this rate environment.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And Jack, this is Mark. Again, it's really a philosophy. So we're trying to keep the investment portfolio as clean as possible. And I think that turned out to be a benefit, firstly, when COVID first did. Because remember, it's companies tend to, and it's natural you will reach for yields when things are good. But with a business like ours with talking 60%, 70% operating margins, the investment income that reach for that is a little bit like picking pennies up in front of a steamroller. You don't really get paid for it. And then when things go bad, you really start to lose focus because you have to manage those type of investments. So we're going to try to isolate the MI business, keep it super clean in terms of the investment portfolio. So we're just going to follow rates. So if rates go down, we're obviously going to see lower yields. But again, you saw some of the benefit in new business. There is a correlation among all that, but we're trying not to win every event there.
Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst
Got it. So it just sounds like maybe dollars unseen because the offsetting growth versus lower yield? So not a thing about --?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, Jack, I think that's fair. And again, the yield actually for the third quarter is about 1.3%. For new purchases.
Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks guys.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Mihir Bhatia with Bank of America. Mihir, your line is open.
Mihir Bhatia -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hi. Sorry for that. Thank you for taking my question. Just real quick. I wanted to go back on the return comments momentarily. Just wanted to make sure I'm understanding. So my understanding is you guys always price based on a normalized environment. So when times are good, it's not like you're saying prices go down. Now you increased your prices post COVID. And I suspect some of that have to do with just the uncertainty and what happens with credit. But clearly, housing has held up pretty nicely. You've had some support. If we end up in a situation where you go back to what we had pre-COVID, where you had decent housing trends and what -- I guess, if that was the new normal, if you will. Does that mean we will see returns above the 12% to 15%? Or is there something else that we -- that I'm missing here when I think about it like a understand, because I am thinking if you increase pricing and you have all this government support for housing, why are your returns going to be lower or even 12% to 15%, why wouldn't it be higher?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I mean, again, we usually -- again, it's a general range, right? These are three to 4-year predictions when you write the business. So when we raised pricing in the spring, a lot of that was predicated on home prices kind of actually being, I think we did flat to slightly down. It could still happen here, right? We're only six months into it, and the future is a little bit uncertain. So that's why we're kind of hedging the bet. If you model it out, it probably looks better than 12% to 15%. But again, this is reality. And we still have an unemployment rate that, again, it keeps going down, but that's close to the 7%. So I would look at it like even in the past with us. We price in this range if returns or results end up being better, we'll print better returns. But you try not to factor a lot of that stuff into the model. I think that's -- it's very difficult to do that, especially in this environment.
The question is, do the -- and I've heard this before, we've heard it kind of through the summer. Did some of the pricing stick if home prices remain kind of strong. And I kind of think they do. Again, I think, again, it gets back to the opaque nature of the engines. It's much easier for MIs to kind of change pricing, and it's actually relatively transparent on the engines because one of the providers, you can see, they send us a monthly -- you get a monthly feed of kind of where pricing is in the market. So you don't really -- you're not going to outsmart your competitors in terms of pricing. I mean, everyone kind of sees the same thing. Again, it just gets back to my pricing power comment. I think folks, it will remain kind of in this range. Does it decrease a little bit because some MIs may reach a little bit behind? It could. But again, I think the factors or the fundamentals are in place to have pricing at this point.
Mihir Bhatia -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Well, that makes sense.Thank you. And just one last question for me. In terms of your October trends, it looked like the insurance in force growth was pretty healthy, 2% month-to-month. Is there anything special worth calling out of October that we should be aware of? That's all for me. Thank you.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
No. I mean, I guess the comment is the NIW market for the industry was strong again in October. So I'm sure others did just as well. It can't -- our insurance in-force is a little younger, so we're growing it, and it's a little smaller than some of the other guys. So they're the victim of kind of large numbers. But yes, I think the NIW market for October for the industry remain quite healthy.
Mihir Bhatia -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
Okay. Your next question is from the line of Phil Stefano with Deutsche Bank.
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Yeah. Thanks and good morning. Going back to the question earlier around risk-based pricing. Are there metrics that you're capturing that you're not using right now? I'm just trying to think about the importance of analytics. And I'm wondering, to the extent you have other data points that you're not using in pricing, but maybe you're collecting to help augment the analytics that you could do moving forward.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I mean, I don't want to get into the details of it. We kind of had EssentEDGE 1.0, which is in the market now, but you're always working on improvements to that. So yes, behind the scenes, and we're definitely looking and testing improvements to the model, which, again, will continue to kind of roll out in stages. And I would expect the other MIs to be doing very similar things. Again, this is when this becomes the analytics game, I think we're kind of made for it. This is really probably our sweet spot. So we've invested in it. We brought in folks with credit card backgrounds to look at things. We're not inventing anything new. We're taking trends and analytics from other industries and just applying it to this business. So it's actually -- again, I think it bodes well for the industry to get much more analytical in terms of -- because I think it will show off in returns over the long-term and less volatility around the turns.
When you think through Phil, just the hedging on the back end, which is really kind of reinsuring out that mezz risk, which created all the volatility in the downturn back in the Great Recession, that's pretty well hedged out, and it's kind of continuing, right, based on Mark's question around ILN market, that continues to be healthy. The quota share market, some of the MIs have tapped that. So the back end part of kind of capping the liability on the balance sheet is critical, right? This credit is the #1 killer of the MI businesses. But just again, just the changing nature of the front end, I really think bodes well for the industry and could eventually, again, just -- I think when investors start to understand it and see -- and you have to see proof of it, right? I mean they see proof on the ILNS. I just think proof on the pricing side and how we can differentiate will start to separate some of the MIs even further.
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay. And talking about the ILN. Structurally, can you just help me understand how they work when we drop below the rate at which the amortization of the coverage freezes. I think it was somewhere in that 5% range once the default rate got above that, the ILN coverage stopped amortizing down. If we drop below that rate, is there a onetime catch up or like a quick change in the amortization to get the portfolio back into alignment. And we're going with it.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
They just start to amortize again. They basically think it's just the clock starts again. So there's no catch up. It just goes back to its normal kind of amortization schedule.
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Okay.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
We can go offline and walk you through it, if you want, we'd be glad to do that.
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Yes, perfect. Okay. And the last one I have for you; I feel like it's been a while since I asked about the internal quota share. And maybe it's early days, just given the uncertainty that COVID has before us. But if you could just talk about how you contemplate that in the broader capital management plan? Any thoughts there would be appreciated.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
It's certainly something we've talked about over the past couple of months was the election. I do think it is -- again, it's another positive or flexibility in our model that we're able to kind of -- we have the ability to take that up. We haven't done that yet. There's capital considerations with that. But again, given our capital position, I think we're certainly in good shape around that. So we're going to wait and see. We'll see what happens kind of with the election and whether -- in terms of where corporate taxes are going. But we could -- we do have the flexibility to mitigate some of that tax increase. And a lot of tax rates stay the same, it's certainly something given our capital position. So we may evaluate to lower the effective tax rate even further.
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Go it. Thank you. Have a good day.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
Your next question is from the line of Geoffrey Dunn with Dowling & Partners.
Geoffrey Dunn -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. I wanted to go back to the investment yield discussion and ask, how does your yield expectation play into how you set pricing? And is it -- Mark, as you said, it's not always good to be too precise. Is it one of those factors? Or is there a point at which yields drop enough that you have to think about not hitting the targeted returns versus what you assumed in your pricing scenarios?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Great question, Geoff. I would say we use like a normalized yield. It's definitely a long-term yield that we've used, I would say, over the past seven or eight years, we tweak it up and down based on where you thought we don't get -- we don't -- we certainly don't factor in higher yields. And if lower yields, yes, that also get -- when I say 12% to 15%, that there's a range within there, where our yields are a little bit lower over the normal term that, again, that's kind of factored in.
Geoffrey Dunn -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
So if we're envisioning an environment that rates can stay at current levels through '21, do you think the industry needs to rethink pricing just based on that? Or is it really more of a longer term view?
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I think it's a longer-term view. I don't think -- we certainly wouldn't change our pricing based on our expectation of investment yields. I'd rather just accept a lower return. Again, we're really in the business of analyzing consumer credit, making sure we're pricing for that long tail risk precisely and well versus trying to factor in just changes in the investment yield. I don't think it moves the needle that much. I mean, just look at our P&L, Geoff, right? I mean the investment income line is important, and it's a nice revenue source, but it's certainly not the ultimate driver of kind of longer-term profitability.
Lawrence E. McAlee -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. And Geoff, just to echo on Mark's point, I mean, premiums are 12 times investment income. We're just build a lot different than many other insurance companies. It's premiums and insurance in force that really drive economics of the business.
Geoffrey Dunn -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
At this time, there are no further questions. I will now turn the call back to management for final comments.
Christopher G. Curran -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Well, thanks, everyone, for your participation today and enjoy your weekend.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks].
Duration: 49 minutes
Call participants:
Christopher G. Curran -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Mark A. Casale -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Lawrence E. McAlee -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Douglas Harter -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Rick Shane -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Bose George -- KBW -- Analyst
Mark DeVries -- Barclays -- Analyst
Jack Micenko -- SIG -- Analyst
Mihir Bhatia -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Phil Stefano -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Geoffrey Dunn -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
