Schrodinger, inc (SDGR) Q2 2021 Earnings Call Transcript

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Schrodinger, inc (SDGR 1.31%)
Q2 2021 Earnings Call
Aug 12, 2021, 8:30 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Thank you for standing by and welcome to the Schrodinger Conference Call to Review the Company's Second Quarter Financial Results. My name is Kevin and I'll be your operator for today's call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised, this call is being recorded at the company's request.

Now I'd like to introduce your host for today's conference, Tracy Lessor, Executive Director of Corporate Communications. Please go ahead.

Tracy Lessor -- Executive Director, Corporate Communications

Thank you and good morning, everyone. Welcome to today's call during which we'll provide an update on the company and review our financial results for the second quarter of 2021. Earlier this morning, we issued a press release summarizing our financial results and progress across the company, which is available on our website at www.schrodinger.com.

Here with me today are Ramy Farid, President and Chief Executive Officer; Karen Akinsanya, Executive Vice President, Chief Biomedical Scientist and Head of Discovery R&D and Joel Lebowitz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Following our prepared remarks, we'll open the call for Q&A.

I remind you that during today's call, management will make statements related to our business that are forward-looking and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, without limitations, statements related to our future financial performance, including our outlook for the full year 2021, the potential advantages of our platform, our strategic plans to accelerate the growth of our software business and advance our collaborative and internal drug discovery programs, risks relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, our expectations related to the use of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, as well as our future operating expenses.

These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and are subject to a variety of assumptions, uncertainties, risks and factors that are beyond our control, including the demand for our software solutions, our ability to further develop our computational platform, our reliance upon our drug discovery collaborators and other risks detailed under the caption Risk Factors and elsewhere in our most recent Securities and Exchange Commission filings and reports.

Except as required by law, we undertake no duty or obligation to update any forward-looking statements discussed in this call as a result of new information, future events, changes in expectations or otherwise. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to today.

With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Ramy.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Thanks, Tracy, and thank you everyone for joining us today. At Schrodinger, we have developed a computational platform that is transforming the way therapeutics and materials are discovered. The platform is enabling our customers and our internal teams to discover high-quality molecules for drug development and materials application faster at lower cost and with, we believe, a higher probability of success compared to traditional methods. We license our platform to pharmaceutical, biotech and materials companies and universities and government labs worldwide. As Karen will review shortly, we are also advancing an internal drug discovery pipeline and leveraging our platform in a number of drug discovery programs in collaboration with pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

We announced a new drug discovery collaboration this month with Zai Lab. The collaboration marks the first time we have the opportunity to co-develop and co-commercialize a therapeutic. Zai Lab has a deep pipeline in oncology with multiple approved products and we are excited to be working with them. The collaboration with Zai will focus on a target in the area of DNA damage response, an important therapeutic strategy for a broad range of cancers, and builds on the knowledge we've gained working on our own programs in this area.

Under the terms of the agreement, Zai will make an upfront payment to help fund our share of research costs. We have co-development and co-commercialization rights that will allow us to share equally in the profits of a future marketed product in the U.S. if we choose to co-fund U.S. development. We are also eligible to receive up to approximately $338 million in pre-clinical development, regulatory and sales-based milestone payments, as well as royalties on net sales outside the U.S. This collaboration provides us with the opportunity to gain expertise in late-stage clinical development and commercialization, as well as the ability to participate more significantly in the downstream value of the program.

As you will hear shortly from Joel, we reported a strong second quarter with 29% revenue growth compared to the same period last year, and we ended the quarter with cash resources of $617 million. Our financial strength allows us to continue to invest in advancing our science, invest in growing our software business, advance our internal pipeline and add new talent to support our strategic initiatives. We are excited by the progress we've made as we continue to transform the way therapeutics and materials are discovered.

I'll now turn the call over to Karen for an update on our drug discovery programs.

Karen Akinsanya -- Executive Vice President, Chief Biomedical Scientist, Head of Discovery R&D

Thank you, Ramy, and good morning, everyone. We are continuing to make important advances on many fronts across our internal pipeline and portfolio of collaborative programs. We have collaborations with both biotech and large pharmaceutical companies, spanning a broad range of target classes. And in these collaborations, we are leveraging our platform at the same scale we do internally. We believe this level of large-scale deployment enables us to more rapidly identify high-quality development candidates. We expect several collaborative programs to continue to advance in the clinic and new programs to enter the clinic this year.

We are excited to begin working with our new partner Zai Lab on a program targeting DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer that we anticipate will be synergistic with PARP inhibitors. Marketed PARP inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in multiple cancers, but new regimens and combinations that result in durable responses are needed especially in patients who relapse or become resistant to treatment.

We are also continuing to build early stage clinical experience to support the advancement of our internal program. Today, I will highlight our three most advanced programs, MALT1, CDC7 and Wee1. We have initiated IND-enabling studies for our development candidate targeting MALT1 and we are working toward the nomination of development candidate for CDC7 and Wee1. Subject to completion of the pre-clinical data packages, we expect to submit up to three IND applications in 2022, with our first submission expected in the first half of next year.

Starting with our MALT1 inhibitor program. MALT1 inhibition is gaining increasing attention as a therapeutic strategy to treat certain relapsed or resistant B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The MALT1 enzyme is downstream of BTK in the NF kappa B signaling pathway and constant activation of NF kappa B is a hallmark of several types of lymphoma. Pre-clinical data previously presented from our MALT1 program showed potent in-vitro inhibition of MALT1 enzymatic activity and in-vivo anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Additionally, in in-vivo patient-derived tumor mass models, our MALT1 inhibitors demonstrated dose-dependent anti-proliferative effects as monotherapy and in combination with ibrutinib and venetoclax, which are approved BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors, respectively. In the second quarter, we selected a development candidate for this program and have since initiated GLP tox studies required for IND submission. All our IND-enabling activities are on track and we expect to submit the IND and begin Phase 1 studies in patients with hematological malignancies next year.

Now, I'll turn to CDC7 and Wee1; two programs that target cancer through replication stress and DNA repair mechanisms. CDC7 is thought to be linked to cancer cells proliferative capacity and ability to bypass normal DNA damage responses. Targeting proteins that play important roles in DNA replication and replication stress is gaining momentum as a therapeutic approach for cancer. Earlier this year, we presented pre-clinical data from our CDC7 inhibitor program, which showed that our compounds are synergistic with several approved and investigational cancer therapies that modulate apoptosis, DNA repair mechanisms and DNA checkpoints. These compounds significantly inhibited tumor growth in mouse models of both acute myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer. The data we have generated to-date suggests that we have an opportunity to develop a best-in-class inhibitor with a very favorable pharmacokinetic profile.

Our other DNA damage repair program targets Wee1; a tyrosine kinase regulator of the G2-M cell cycle checkpoint, which when inhibited, reduces cell viability by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. Wee1 inhibitors from other companies have shown clinical proof of concept as monotherapy in uterine serous carcinoma. Combinations with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors and PD-1 antibodies are being pursued by others in the clinic. We have identified multiple Wee1 inhibitors that are highly selective for Wee1 and show strong pharmacodynamic responses and anti-tumor activity in-vivo. Our molecules also have optimized drug-like properties, including no observable inactivation of CYP3A4; a key liver enzyme. We believe this profile limits the potential for accumulation and the need for dose adjustments of combination products.

In summary, we have multiple programs advancing toward the clinic to enable up to three IND submissions in 2022. As these programs advance and transition into development, we are initiating new programs. We have begun drug discovery on an undisclosed target in immunology and have prioritized several additional program opportunities with human genetic support and emerging pharmacology data in oncology and immunology that we expect to advance this year. We are excited about the progress that we and our collaborators are making, and look forward to updating you on our R&D activities throughout the year.

I will now turn the call over to Joel to review our financial results.

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Karen, and hello, everyone. This morning I'm pleased to discuss our financial results for the second quarter of 2021 and I'll also review our outlook for the year.

We reported total revenue of $29.8 million for the second quarter, up 29% compared to the second quarter of 2020. Software revenue was $24.1 million, representing 15% growth compared to the second quarter of 2020. The growth in software continues to reflect increased adoption of our platform by existing customers and the addition of new customers. Drug discovery revenue was $5.7 million for the second quarter compared to $2.2 million in the second quarter of 2020. Second quarter drug discovery revenue included $3.3 million recognized from our collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Discovery revenue also included a payment from a collaborator associated with the acquisition of intellectual property following the achievement of a lead optimization milestone.

Gross profit was $12 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $13.6 million in the second quarter 2020. Software gross margin was 77% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 82% for the same period in the prior year, reflecting our planned investment to drive and support long-term large scale adoption of our platform.

Operating expense was $42.3 million compared to $30.7 million in the second quarter of 2020, reflecting our investment in R&D to advance our pipeline and our technology, the addition of staff to drive long-term software sales growth, and expenses required to build a public company infrastructure and support the company's growth as we scale globally.

Other expense, which includes changes in the value of equity investments, was $4.6 million in the second quarter of 2021, driven primarily by a loss of $4.9 million from the mark-to-market of our shares in Morphic Therapeutic. This compared to $13.1 million in income for the second quarter of 2020. As we revalue our shares each quarter, we can experience significant fluctuations in the value of our holdings, depending on stock price movements. The value of our shares in Morphic recorded on our balance sheet as of the end of the second quarter was $48 million, demonstrating the value we have helped create through this collaboration so far.

We recorded a net loss after adjusting for non-controlling interest of $34.6 million for the second quarter of 2021 compared to a net loss of $3.4 million for the same period last year. This year-over-year change is driven by quarterly fluctuations in the value of our collaboration equity, particularly our shares in Morphic, as well as planned investments in our business to drive long-term growth. We ended the second quarter with cash resources of $617 million compared to $649 million at the end of the first quarter of 2021. I

N March, we provided our financial outlook for the full year and today we are reaffirming that guidance. We expect total annual revenue in 2021 to be in the range of $124 million to $142 million, which includes software revenue of $102 million to $110 million and discovery revenue of $22 million to $32 million. Also, we expect the majority of our second-half growth in software revenue to occur in the fourth quarter. Drug discovery revenue can be highly variable based on the timing of potential milestones related to collaboration agreements.

As we've said before, we anticipate that full-year operating expense growth will be higher than the 42% annual growth rate we saw in 2020, primarily driven by our commitment to fund R&D to advance our technology and our internal drug discovery pipeline. We also anticipate that software gross margin will be lower than the 81% reported in 2020, reflecting investments to drive and support large scale adoption by our customers.

We continue to execute on our strategy across our business. Our new collaboration with Zai Lab enables us to more significantly participate in the downstream value of the programs. Our collaboration programs and internal pipeline are progressing and we are continuing to make scientific advances in our software to drive large scale utilization, both in drug discovery and materials science. And finally, we have the resources to invest in our long-term growth strategy.

I'll now turn the call back over to Ramy.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Thanks, Joel. As we pass the halfway point in the year, we are very pleased with the progress we are making across our business. We continue to innovate and our technology is having a significant impact on our collaborative and internal drug discovery programs. Our internal programs are advancing toward the clinic. Our software customers are increasingly recognizing the benefits of deploying our solutions at scale. And we are growing our team of exceptional scientists and professionals to deliver on our mission of transforming drug discovery and materials design.

At this time, we'd be happy to take your questions. Operator?

Questions and Answers:

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Michael Yee with Jefferies.

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi, good morning and thanks for the update. Thanks for the question. We wanted to ask around -- the confidence around your guidance and reflecting the confidence in your business. Specifically, you're maintaining the guidance halfway through the year of $102 million to $110 million for software. But it feels like the low end of that would be a pretty big deceleration, not only year-over-year, but also just from the first half of what's going on this year. So, two parts. One, can you just comment on the lower half of your guidance and why you're maintaining the overall guidance and your confidence in hitting the higher end? And then secondly, if COVID may or may not be picking up, is that actually a headwind or tailwind to your business? Maybe just talk about how COVID, if at all, impacts things. Thank you so much.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Joel, you want to take the first part of that question and I can...

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Sure, Mike, thanks for your...

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

...answer the second one?

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Thanks, Ramy. Thanks, Mike, for your questions. Sure. So as you mentioned, we are maintaining our overall guidance and our software guidance is a part of that. And obviously that annual guidance provides you with our expectations for the back half of the year. So we have pretty good visibility on our business based on the fact that we have very high historical customer renewal rates. But there is some inherent variability in the business, particularly with regards to new customers that we add each quarter, as well as decisions from our large customers who might be making commitments for much larger deployment of our solutions in a particular quarter, which, as you know, is a key growth strategy for us.

So some of these decisions actually -- individual decisions can be quite large and can have pretty significant impact on a particular quarter growth rate. So as we look out to the rest of the year, we think that the guidance that we've provided appropriately captures some of this inherent short term variability and we're -- and so that's why we reaffirmed the guidance.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

And with regard to COVID, as we talked about in 2020, I think a lot of software companies did the same thing. There did seem to be some sort of interesting uptakes and renewed interest in computational methods as a result of scientists essentially being locked out of their labs. I'd say, at this point, and I think this is what we're hearing from a number of other companies, the sort of accumulation of sort of the long-term absence of travel and face-to-face interaction, I would say, is not helping. It's making it, of course, more challenging to initiate strategic discussions, not impossible, obviously, but it's more challenging, again, especially given that it's now been, I think, year and a half or so of essentially zero travel.

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Yeah. That's very helpful, thank you, guys.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah, absolutely, yeah.

Operator

Our next question comes from Michael Ryskin with Bank of America.

Michael Ryskin -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Hey, guys, thanks for taking the question. Really quick follow-up on what Mike was just asking about. You mentioned sort of strong renewal rates in the software business. Could you give us -- could you quantify that a little bit, how has that trended in the first half of the year? Are you still in the sort of in the high-90s? Any impact as we sort of lap the comps from last year?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Joel?

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Thanks, Mike, for the question. So that's one of our annual key performance indicators and we don't provide specific guidance. So we're reporting on the mid-year numbers as they can be affected by timing. But what I'd say is that last year we came in at 99% renewal and -- of those contracts over $100,000. And over the last seven years, it's never dipped below 96%. So we're pretty confident in our ability to continue to achieve a very high customer renewal rate.

Michael Ryskin -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Okay, I'll take that. And then on the Zai Lab collaboration announced recently, you mentioned, first of all, the upfront payment. Could you give us a sense of sort of how sizable it'll be? We saw some details there in terms of the potential milestones, but specifically about the upfront and when it will be recognized. And then sort of bigger picture question on that, should we expect more deals like that? You have a couple of different ways of working with biopharma or between the software business, the JVs, the partnerships and now this is again something a little bit new. Is this another avenue we expect you to sort of explore more going forward?

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Sure, I'll answer the first part and maybe Ramy will want to add to the third.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah.

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

So with regard to the size of the upfront payment, we didn't disclose that. It is to help us fund some of our research activities. And we are still evaluating the accounting around this deal. But we expect that like many of these types of deals that the upfront payment will be recognized over a period of time. And I think if you think about typical deals where there is upfront payments that we've talked about in the past, that has been the case and, in many cases, it's been over several years.

Michael Ryskin -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Okay.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

And with regard to this kind of deal, we're very excited about this kind of deal. We are in discussions with a number of companies around, sort of, innovative types of deals. This is the kind of thing as we've sort of talked about before, we're not only innovating in the science, we're definitely, I think, pretty creative in the types of deals we've done, as you can see from the history of the company going all the way back to Nimbus. And we're very pleased with the nature of those interactions now and certainly expect to do other collaborations in the future.

Michael Ryskin -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Okay, thanks so much.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Of course.

Operator

Our next question comes from Gary Nachman with BMO Capital Markets.

Gary Nachman -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Hi, good morning. First, for MALT1, what's involved in the IND-enabling studies? What will be included in the pre-clinical package that you plan to file next year? And I think you'll be presenting some pre-clinical data for one of your programs in the second half. In what form do you think that's going to be? And then last one, so it seems like you are looking to expand your platform to other areas in materials like aerospace and electronics. How much of an initiative will you have behind those efforts? And how aggressively you'd be finding partnerships in those areas relative to the Life Sciences that you've been doing more of? Thanks.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Great. Karen, you want to take the first two and I'll cover the last?

Karen Akinsanya -- Executive Vice President, Chief Biomedical Scientist, Head of Discovery R&D

Yeah. Sure. So with respect to the MALT1 program, we will be presenting the IND-enabling package to the FDA, which will include the results of GLP tox studies, all of our CMC support that we've got for our clinical product and really the typical package that you would expect to see going into the FDA to support approval of an IND and initiation of clinical studies. With respect to the science, we've continued to make great progress there. We've characterized our MALT1 inhibitors in a number of different models and have new data with respect to how MALT1 performed, both alone as monotherapy and in combination with other products. As you can imagine, we've been putting together abstracts and sending them out to the regular scientific forums and so we expect to be able to share some of that in one of those scientific meetings later on this year. So looking forward to that.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah. And with regard to material science, thanks for asking about that. We're, of course, very, very excited about the progress we're making on that business; the increased adoption of the technology by -- as you correctly pointed out, by a pretty diverse set of industries. We are -- as we've said before, we are leveraging a lot of the existing technology. But as we get deeper and deeper into this field, we are recognizing areas where we can build on the existing technology and develop new advances. And we are absolutely investing in that as a result of this sort of clear interest in computation in quite a number, again, quite a number of these different fields. So it's a very active area of research. Again, it's very important to point out, it leverages a lot of the existing technology and we're building on that.

Oh, and then you asked about collaborations. That's absolutely something, as we've talked about before, that we're pursuing. We're very pleased with the progress that's being made there with regard to the discussions around collaborations. And you should absolutely expect to to hear more about that in the future about collaborations following a very similar path that we took with Life Sciences a number of years ago. I already mentioned Nimbus and, of course, we've mentioned Morphic. We learned so much from those collaborations, they generated a lot of value. Those were incredibly important for Schrodinger, that's not lost on us and that's something that we absolutely intend to pursue on the material science side as well.

Gary Nachman -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from David Lebowitz with Morgan Stanley.

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thank you very much for taking my question. When you look back at 2020, there was a huge step up in ACV. I believe 10 companies went to -- went from 10 companies to 16 companies for -- over a period in ACV. What quarter did you -- what quarters did you see the bulk of that shift? And, I guess, when do renegotiations with those particular companies -- when are they untapped?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Sure, I can talk about that. Thanks, David. So, I think consistent with what we've been talking about this year that fourth quarter is expected to be -- provide most of the growth in the second half of the year. A lot of -- just because of the seasonality in calendarization of our business on the software side, we do see a lot of contracts and a lot of large contracts renewing and obviously making decisions on what size to renew at in the fourth quarter. So we see it throughout the year really. But the fourth quarter, there can be a concentration. I'm sorry, and the second part of your question was, again, remind me please?

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

I guess, following up on that is, when do negotiations for those particular contracts start? Is it something that would start this early or does it really come down much closer to the actual renewal date when the discussions occur?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah, I can answer [Speech Overlap] oh, sorry, sorry, go ahead.

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Historically, what the precedence are -- is -- are big purchasers typically more likely to continue being big purchasers?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Well, with regard to your question about when the negotiations start, they actually really are -- happen throughout the year. There is constant interactions with the companies throughout the year. We're not just sort of sending the software over the fence and not speaking to them until a few weeks before the renewal. So we're learning about the impact the software is having and the technology, talking to them about new advances. Remember, we have four releases a year. So, every time there is a release, that's an opportunity to reach out, talk about the new tech, new products that have come out, new technologies, new impacts that we're seeing from the collaborations. And so the discussions are really happening throughout the year, obviously, intensify as you get closer to the renewal. So I hope that answers that part of the question. And I think you asked -- oh...

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

The big purchasers, their propensity to -- are they the ones that usually [Speech Overlap]

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah, well, again, when you see the kind of retention rate that we're having right in the very high 90s, there is no -- right -- that's the answer there. Right? If there were -- we wouldn't have that kind of retention rate if a meaningful [Speech Overlap]. Yeah.

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

And the one thing I -- sorry, Ramy. And one thing I can add to that, David, is that we're very pleased that in this quarter that we're seeing the continued momentum and trends that we saw in previous quarters, which is driving the growth on the software side, which is not just the addition of new customers, but also customers increasing the adoption of our solutions. So we've seen that for several quarters. It's an ongoing trend. And so we think that we can continue in the future in encouraging customers to increase adoption of the solutions at higher levels.

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

And one additional question on the drug discovery side. Is it possible you could run through the drugs from partners that we could expect to see data from before year-end and which drugs might actually step into the clinic?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Thinking about who should answer that. So I think, Joel, kind of hinted at that. It's very difficult to -- first of all, it's difficult for us to predict when those sorts of events will happen, but it's also because of the nature of the agreements and confidentiality and so on. That's not for us to be presenting. That's really for the collaborators. A number of them have been pretty open about that. I mean, one of them is a public company, a number of them have been very open about where their programs are and their plans for the clinic. So I think that's the kind of information that's pretty straightforward to get from the collaborations that we have, where they have more advanced programs. A number of the other collaborations that we started more recently, of course, our are earlier and are still in sort of stealthy mode. And so it will take a little bit longer, of course, to hear about that. But I hope that's answering the question. If not, please ask it a different -- yeah, go ahead.

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Oh. Thank you very much for taking my questions.

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Okay, great.

Operator

Our next question comes from Matt Hewitt with Craig-Hallum.

Matthew Hewitt -- Craig-Hallum -- Analyst

Good morning and thank you for taking the questions. A couple on utilization and I've got one regarding the new collaboration. But regarding utilization, can you give us a sense for how many of your customers are coming back multiple times during a year to increase their capacity versus just coming in once a year and adding what they believe they will need for the upcoming year?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Sure. Yeah, that's a good question. We can't really quantify that. But what we can say is the very, very large majority of deals are annual. There are a few examples of customers that purchased the software in a way that does require kind -- upping during the year as the number of compounds that they're running calculations on, as they hit the limits that they purchase, but that's unusual. The large, large majority are annual licenses.

Just going back, I think, to the question just before, just want to -- I'm really sorry to do this. There's just a little bit of information that might be useful to have. We currently have six of the collaborative programs that we're involved in are in IND-enabling studies and four are in Phase 1, just to give a sense of sort of where those programs are. I'm so sorry to do that, but I just wanted to throw that in there.

Did you have another question or have I answered your [Speech Overlap]. Yeah, yeah. go ahead.

Matthew Hewitt -- Craig-Hallum -- Analyst

Yeah, I did. And no, that's fine. Regarding visibility, how much visibility do you have into your current customers' utilization trends and does that enable you -- given where we're at, this point in the year, you know where the customer is at from a utilization perspective and you can see the growth, does that really help you from a projection standpoint on what that customer is likely to renew at?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

No, we do not have insight into their usage. That's something that is closely held to the customers. That's not something that we have the ability to quantitatively look into that. We do, however, of course, know one thing that's important here, which is, we know how they're capped. Obviously, we know how many licenses they have, we don't know if they're maxing those out, but we know what their maximum is. And we know that in almost every one of our customers, including the largest customers, the maximum number of calculations they can run is still an order to two orders of magnitude lower than what our -- what we're using in our collaborations and what we're using internally.

And so -- and we can have those sorts of discussions and we're engaged in those discussions. So even though, again, we don't have access to the exact usage day to day, there is that general knowledge and that's what the nature of the discussions generally are; first of all, pointing that fact out, what I just said, and then talking about what's the -- how are we going to get to those higher usage. And often that requires training, expertise in both -- by the way, technical -- both on the technical side, so for example, obviously, to be able to run that number of calculations, you need access to a lot of computers and that has to -- that generally occurs through the cloud, so there's training there and how to use the cloud at this large scale and, obviously, deploying the technology from the point of view of the science as well.

Matthew Hewitt -- Craig-Hallum -- Analyst

That's really helpful. Thank you. And then, I guess, one last one for me shifting gears a little bit. Regarding the collaboration with Zai Lab, were they an existing customer or how did that relationship come about? And as you look at it, adding more of these types of partnerships, are you typically seeing that these are -- these customers are new to the platform or are the existing customers saying that we would really appreciate your help and assistance to kind of work through these calculations and this work?

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Yeah, thinking back at all of the collaborations we've done, either they were with companies that were newly created, so, of course, were -- did know, but there was somebody in the -- either in the VC that's funded them or one of the founders that knew Schrodinger from a previous interaction. Remember, we're pretty well known in the field and I think it's hard to find somebody who doesn't know who Schrodinger had some kind of experience with the software, either in the current position they're in or from a previous position. That was the case with Zai as well. We've known them for a while. We've known members of the Board. They were -- things like that and so that's generally how it's -- there isn't usually some sort of surprise or an interaction where there wasn't already some previous sort of interaction with some key person at the company. I hope that's answering the question.

Matthew Hewitt -- Craig-Hallum -- Analyst

Yeah. That helps. Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Duration: 38 minutes

Call participants:

Tracy Lessor -- Executive Director, Corporate Communications

Ramy Farid -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Board Member

Karen Akinsanya -- Executive Vice President, Chief Biomedical Scientist, Head of Discovery R&D

Joel Lebowitz -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Michael Yee -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Michael Ryskin -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Gary Nachman -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

David Lebowitz -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Matthew Hewitt -- Craig-Hallum -- Analyst

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