The Macerich Company (MAC) Q4 2021 Earnings Call Transcript

The Macerich Company (MAC -3.10%)
Q4 2021 Earnings Call
Feb 10, 2022, 1:00 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good day, and welcome to the Macerich Company fourth quarter 2021 earnings call. Today's conference is being recorded. [Operator instructions]. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Samantha Greening, director of investor relations.

Please go ahead.

Samantha Greening -- Director of Investor Relations

Thank you for joining us on our fourth quarter 2021 earnings call. During the course of this call, we'll be making certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking within the meaning of the safe harbor of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding projections, plans or future expectations. Actual results may differ materially due to a variety of risks and uncertainties set forth in today's press release and our SEC filings, including the adverse impact of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 on the U.S., regional and global economies and the financial condition and results of operations of the company and its tenants. Reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the earnings release and supplemental filed on Form 8-K with the SEC, which are posted on the investors section of the company's website at macerich.com.

Joining us today are Tom O'Hern, chief executive officer; Scott Kingsmore, senior executive vice president and chief financial officer; and Doug Healey, senior executive vice president of leasing. With that, I turn the call over to Tom.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Samantha. And thanks to all of you for joining us today. We are pleased to report an outstanding quarter with virtually all of our operating metrics trending very positively. After battling through a very tough 2020 to see the results we've achieved in '21 is a testament to our team and the quality of our portfolio.

We continue to see very significant and accelerating retailer and mixed-use demand. Our shoppers have come roaring back to our centers to shop with a purpose. We see a higher capture rate than pre-COVID with traffic at about 95% of fourth quarter 2019 traffic but with tenant sales exceeding the 2019 levels. In the fourth quarter, we again saw double-digit tenant sales gains, and that's three quarters in a row compared to 2019.

Retailer demand is at a level we have not seen since 2015. During 2021, we signed more leases in terms of square footage than we did in 2019, and in fact, the volume equaled the previous high-volume year, which was 2015. In general, 2021 delivered a strong holiday season, more full-price sales, less promotional, strong volumes, even when compared to the 2019 holiday season. We certainly experienced that with our fourth quarter comp tenant sales up 12% versus the fourth quarter of 2019.

Some of the quarterly highlights included on a sequential-quarter basis, we had occupancy gains of 120 basis points. That's on top of the 90-basis-point gain we saw in both the second and third quarters. At year-end, our occupancy level was at 91.5%. We continue to make great progress on pushing occupancy up to pre-COVID levels.

Since our low occupancy point in the first quarter of 2021, we've seen 300 basis points of improvement. We saw robust leasing volumes for the quarter and the year, both were in excess of 2019 levels. We executed 3.5 million square feet of space and that compares very favorably to the full year of 2019, which was about 3.4 million square feet of space. Leasing spreads were positive at 4.9% for the trailing 12 months.

We saw great same-center NOI growth of 36% in the fourth quarter. That was the third double-digit quarter we gained in a row. We are optimistic heading into the fourth quarter as we raised the FFO guidance range to the midpoint of $1.96. That was a 3% increase on top of the increase in guidance from the previous quarter.

Actual FFO per share exceeded the top end of that range and came in at $2.03. And that result was heavily driven by record-setting percentage rents. We continued to ramp up our redevelopment efforts as we moved past COVID. During the fourth quarter, our joint venture with HPP on One Westwood in Los Angeles, we delivered a 584,000-square-foot, three-level creative office space to Google.

We expect Google to open in the summer of 2022. The project remains ahead of schedule and on budget. The project is being fully funded with a construction loan. In addition to Google, we have numerous near-term openings with many exciting and prominent large-format users, including, among others, Scheels all sports at Chandler Fashion.

Caesars Republic Hotel at Scottsdale Fashion Square, Target at Kings Plaza, Lifetime Fitness at both Broadway Plaza and Scottsdale Fashion Square, Pinstripes at Broadway Plaza and Primark at both Green Acres and Tysons. These projects are expected to be funded with excess cash flow from operations. Focusing now on the leasing environment. The depth and breadth of leasing demand has us very optimistic about 2022 and beyond.

The leasing interest we are seeing comes from a wide range of categories, including health and fitness, food and beverage, entertainment, sports, co-working, hotels and multifamily. All those categories are at interest levels we've never seen before. That is on top of demand from more traditional retailers like Target, Primark, UNIQLO and SCHEELS. During the quarter, we saw many retailers experience accelerating sales as they get further into the holiday season, and that's something they had not seen in years.

In addition, because of the waning COVID restrictions, the importance of physical stores has become more significant to retailers as consumers want more social, in-person experience of brick-and-mortar shopping. In addition, many retailers have strengthened their balance sheets and are financially in a position to expand their new store openings. The combination of all these very positive factors have us very optimistic about 2022 and 2023. We expect significant gains in occupancy, net operating income and cash flow this year.

And now, I'll turn it over to Scott to discuss in more detail the financial results and balance sheet activity.

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Tom. Now on to the highlights of the financial results for the quarter. Once again, we posted extremely strong operating results in the fourth quarter with same-center NOI increasing 36% relative to the fourth quarter of 2020, both with and without lease termination income. For the year, same-center NOI growth was 7.3%, including lease term income and 6.1% excluding lease term income.

Early in 2021 and consistently thereafter, we signaled strong double-digit growth was likely to come during the second half of 2021, and that is, in fact, how the latter half of 2021 played out, with 29% same-center NOI growth within the second half of '21 relative to the second half of 2020. Funds from operations for the quarter were $46 million or 63% higher than the fourth quarter of 2020. FFO per share for the quarter was $0.53. This was $0.08 or 17% higher than the fourth quarter of 2020 at $0.45 per share, and it also represents $0.05 or 10% increase over consensus FFO estimates of $0.48 per share for the quarter.

This was a very strong earnings quarter. Primary factors contributing to these quarterly NOI and FFO gains are as follows. On the positive front, One, the quarter included a $30 million or $0.19 increase in percentage rents resulting from the continued dramatic increase in sales that we reported earlier today and that Doug will soon explain in more detail; two, minimum rent and tenant recovery income increased by $18 million or $0.11 per share; and three, common area income, which has recovered quite nicely, contributed another $0.07 of NOI and FFO and including from our urban parking garages. As we have noted during the past few quarters, our common area business has recovered beyond our expectations and in 2022, it may surpass pre-pandemic levels.

Offsetting these factors were: one, a decrease in non-cash straight line of rental income of $29 million or $0.18 per share resulting from the high level of rental assistance granted to our tenants in the fourth quarter of 2020 due to the pandemic; and lastly, the fourth quarter also included a decrease of roughly $0.14 in FFO per share that resulted from the increase in share count due to the common stock sold in 2021 through our ATM programs and it was offset also by the interest expense from the proceeds raised from those equity offerings. This morning, we issued 2022 FFO guidance. 2022 FFO is estimated in the range of $1.85 to $2.05 per share. While certain guidance assumptions are provided within the sub filing from earlier this morning, here are some further details.

This FFO range includes a very healthy same-center NOI growth range of an estimated 4% to 5.5%. At the guidance midpoint, we anticipate a $14 million increase in FFO. The guidance also includes an estimated $10 million decline in non-cash straight-line of rent in '22 versus 2021. So when you exclude that non-cash straight-line of rent, FFO is estimated to increase by $24 million or 6%, which is an increase of $0.11 per share.

So our outlook for 2022 reflects a very healthy increase in operating cash flow, which is what we've been focusing on for some time now. And given the strong pace of both reported occupancy growth, as well as leasing activity, we anticipate that trend to continue beyond 2022. The guidance range assumes no further government-mandated shutdowns of our retail properties. It does not include the issuance of common stock in 2022, and it does not assume any acquisitions or dispositions other than land sale transactions.

In terms of the quarterly cadence for 2022 FFO per share guidance, we expect 25% in the first quarter, 22% in the second quarter, 24% in the third quarter and the remaining 29% within the fourth quarter of 2022. More details of the guidance assumptions are included on Page 17 of the company's Form 8-K sup, which again was filed earlier this morning. As for the balance sheet, as part of our continuing commitment to reducing our leverage, in 2021, we reduced our share of debt by an extremely noteworthy $1.7 billion or 20%. During 2021, we generated free cash flow after payment of dividends and recurring capital expenditures of roughly $240 million.

We expect continued cash flow growth over the coming years as our business continues to positively rebound post-COVID and grow. Net debt to forward EBITDA at the end of 2021 was nine times. This, relative to leverage in the mid-11s at the end of 2020 is a result of the severe disruption from the COVID pandemic. So that's a full two and a half turns of progress in reducing leverage during just the past 12 months.

And with what we believe is a very clear view to the future operating cash flow and NOI growth, we are well on our way to continued healthy improvement in leverage reduction and getting to our target of a sub-eight times net debt-to-EBITDA. Including undrawn capacity on our revolving line of credit, of which only $96 million of the $525 million aggregate capacity is currently outstanding, we have approximately $622 million of liquidity today. From a secured financing standpoint, in October of '21, we closed a five-year $65 million refinance of the shops at Atlas Park, which is a Lifestyle center near Queens, New York, and we recently closed a $175 million five-year refinance of Flatiron Crossing, an enclosed regional Town Center in Broomfield, Colorado and the Northern Denver market. As we have mentioned, we continue to see positive progress within the debt capital markets with the execution of a growing number of retail deals on generally improving terms.

Now I will turn it over to Doug to discuss the leasing and operating environment.

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Thanks, Scott. We closed out 2021 with very strong leasing metrics and leasing volumes. In fact, 2021 was our strongest leasing year since 2015 when viewed on a same-center basis. I'm going to run through some various metrics and statistics, some of which Tom mentioned in his remarks.

And in doing so, we'll hopefully provide a bit more detail and color. Sales were robust in December, and this is on top of a very productive October and November. Fourth quarter sales were up 12% over fourth quarter 2019. All categories, including food and beverage, comped positively during the quarter.

And this is on top of both the second and third quarters each being up 14% versus 2019. Occupancy at the end of the fourth quarter was 91.5%. That's up 120 basis points from 90.3% at the end of the third quarter. Over the past nine months, portfolio occupancy has increased 300 basis points relative to the 88.5% occupancy rate on March 31, 2021.

And this pace of recovery certainly exceeds our expectations from early on last year. As I stated last quarter, and I still believe given the much healthier retail environment that exists today, coupled with our strong leasing pipeline, we anticipate that occupancy will continue to increase throughout 2022 and into 2023. There were no bankruptcies in our portfolio in the fourth quarter. Trailing 12 leasing spreads were 4.9% as of December 31, 2021.

We feel good about the progress we're making on our 2022 lease expirations. To date, we have commitments on 39% of our 2022 expiring square footage with another 55% in the letter of intent stage. In the fourth quarter, we opened 276,000 square feet of new stores. For the full year 2021, we opened 900,000 square feet of new stores which is about 2% more square footage than we opened during the same period in 2019.

And I'm actually very pleased about this statistic. If you think about it, the vast majority of 2021 store openings were a result of leasing done in 2019 and 2020, both of which were very difficult and challenging years to lease in given the pandemic and the uncertainties it presented. Notable openings in the fourth quarter include Aritzia at Tysons Corner, Alo Yoga at Scottsdale Fashion Square, Urban Outfitters at Arrowhead and Chandler, Crunch Fitness at Deptford, six stores with Papaya at Arrowhead, Chandler, Desert Sky, Freehold, Scottsdale and Superstition Springs and three stores with Windsor Fashion at FlatIron, South Plains and Victor Valley. In the luxury category, we opened Marc Jacobs at Scottsdale Fashion, Chanel face and beauty at Kierland Commons and Versace at Fashion Outlets of Chicago.

The effort of sourcing new and exciting emerging brands continues to pay off as we open Fabletics, Frankies and Lucid Motors at Tysons, SimGolf and Warby Parker at Washington Square, FORWARD at Scottsdale Fashion, Tenshoppe and TONAL at Santa Monica Place and GUESS Originals at Los Cerritos. Now let's take a look at the new and renewal leases we signed in the fourth quarter. In the fourth quarter, we signed 146 leases for 0.5 million square feet. For the full year 2021, we signed 833 leases for 3.5 million square feet.

And as Tom mentioned, this represents the highest square footage leasing volume for Macerich since 2015 when viewed on a same-center basis. And speaking to the diversity of tenant demand we're seeing today, during 2021, we signed 99 new-to-Maserich tenants, spanning 88 different brands for over 840,000 square feet. Notable leases signed in the fourth quarter include two key renewals with Apple at Fresno Fashion and Los Cerritos, as well as new leases with pre-people movement at Village of Corte Madera, Travis Mathew at Kierland Commons, and Windsor Fashion at Fashion Outlets of Chicago and Fashion Outlets of Niagara Falls. We signed our first release with Lidl, a 30,000-square-foot international grocer from Germany with 11,000 stores across Europe and most recently in the United States.

They'll open at Freehold Raceway Mall in summer 2023, and we look forward to further scaling our business with them. In the home furnishings category, we signed leases with Lovesac at Freehold and Country Club Plaza, Ashley Furniture at Kings Plaza and Jembro Green Acres Commons. In the emerging brands category, we signed leases with Fabletics and LEAP at Broadway Plaza and Scotch and Soda at Scottsdale Fashion. Lastly, as we continue to make our centers something for everybody by adding ancillary service uses to traditional retail, we're pleased to announce the signing of the Department of Motor Vehicles at Valley River and the Veterinary Emergency group at 29th Street in Boulder, Colorado.

Turning to our leasing pipeline. At the end of the fourth quarter, we had 133 leases signed for 2 million square feet which we expect to open in 2022 and 2023. In addition to these signed leases, we're currently negotiating another 93 leases totaling 710,000 square feet, which will open in 2022 and early 2023. So in total, that's over 225 signed and in-process leases totaling 2.7 million square feet of new openings throughout the remainder of this year and into 2023.

And I want to emphasize, these are new openings. These numbers do not include renewals. So to conclude, sales continue to be much stronger than they were pre-COVID. Occupancy is up 300 basis points over the past three quarters and is expected to increase throughout 2022 and into 2023.

There are no bankruptcies in our portfolio in the fourth quarter. And bankruptcies overall are at their lowest level since 2015, which is consistent with our significantly reduced tenant watchlist. Leasing velocity is at its highest level since 2015, as evidenced by the 3.5 million square feet we leased in 2021, the result of which is a very strong, vibrant and exciting pipeline of tenants slated to open yet this year and into 2023. And given the new and emerging brands, brand extensions and nonretail uses that want to be in our centers, I don't see these trends reversing anytime soon.

I believe 2022 and 2023 are going to be very exciting years on the leasing front, years in which we will continue to transform traditional malls into experiential town centers where people want to come to shop, to dine, to socialize and to be entertained. And now, I'll turn it over to the operator to open up the call for Q&A.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator instructions] First, we'll go to Derek Johnston with Deutsche Bank.

Derek Johnston -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Hi, everyone. Thank you. I was hoping you could discuss private markets for a bit. Cap rates are so compressed for residential and industrial assets.

Thus, there really seems to be a surging interest in retail right now. And notably, local and grocer is certainly getting a lot of interest. But how is the interest in Town Center assets evolving? And could this perhaps impact your noncore assets and the dispo pace. And I say that, especially as 90% of your NOI is derived from your top 30 centers. 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Derek, it's a good question, although there certainly have not been any transactions for some time now, certainly in Class A regional malls. So it's really tough to speculate what a cap rate would be because there haven't been transactions. But given, as you mentioned, the very low cap rates in some other sectors, at some point, the regional mall assets on the private side are going to be found to be very attractive. I can't tell you what that is yet because we haven't seen any transactions.

But I will tell you if the market returns for some noncore type assets for us, we certainly would be active on the disposition side. You saw us do a couple of dispositions in 2021. Paradise Valley, which is going to be converted from an all mall into mixed-use, as well as a lifestyle center in Tucson, we sold last quarter, and that was at about 5.25% cap rate or so. But other than that, we don't have any transactions that we have seen that we could use as a good basis for speculating what the cap rate might be today on a quality regional model.

Derek Johnston -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

OK. Great. And I guess, switching gears, it is a trailing 12-month metric, but rent spreads were positive across the board for the first time since 3Q '20 and that's on a consolidated JV and total basis. So have you reached an occupancy level where you're a little more comfortable and perhaps able to push rents a little more? And then, on the flip side, is the tenant demand and the breadth is strong enough to actually get pricing at this point? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Derek, I would say that it's always a fine balance between occupancy and rental rate. And certainly, we were under pressure in the beginning of 2021 when we hit a low point in occupancy of 88% to fill space. And I would say that likely in the first and second quarter, we filled space, and it may have cost us a bit on rate. We felt that started to change in balance out in the third and fourth quarter as demand accelerated.

So we had less space available and we had an accelerating leasing environment, which really helped balance things between occupancy and rate, and we expect that to continue. Doug, do you want to elaborate? 

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Yeah, Derek, to the point of the breadth of tenants, I mean, I think that is really going to be a factor in rate in the future. we're leasing to all different sorts of uses, not just traditional legacy retailers, although they're still very important to our portfolio. But when you factor in the digitally native emerging brands, tenants were doing internationally, food and beverage, fitness, entertainment, grocery, health and wellness service. It just adds a whole new dimension of retailers that we have to choose from, which is going to create competition and then ultimately affect rate.

Derek Johnston -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Thank you, guys.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Moving on, we'll go to Craig Schmidt with Bank of America.

Craig Schmidt -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Yeah, I wanted -- I mean, obviously, great news of the continued elevated leasing and the opening of new stores. I'm just wondering, is there going to be a problem with staffing these new stores? I mean, obviously, to get new work this is getting more and more competitive, higher minimum wages, bonus signings and just the shortage of workers, could this be a cap although they've leased these stores, can they get them all open in a regular space at time? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Craig, that's a good point, and it's going to continue to be a challenge for the retailers, and that's hiring enough good people. That's true of almost any industry today. But it doesn't seem to be slowing down the pace of new store signings and openings. They have granted -- some of those locations may be understaffed a bit and service may not be quite what we'd like to see but they're getting their stores open.

Craig Schmidt -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hey, thank you. OK. And then, just maybe a word on the Bloomingdale's and ArcLight redevelopment. It looks like you're going to be bringing in both entertainment and office.

I just wondered which would be on the top floor and which might be on the lower levels that Bloomingdale's occupied? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, we're still in the process of that, Craig. As you know, that's a great location. It's right across the street from the end of the train line, great visibility, and it was a two-level Bloomingdale's. And then, on top of that was an ArcLight theater.

So we now have possession of the theater space. It'd be very logical to put another theater up there. And then, put either one or two new tenants in on the first and second floor. We've had a fair amount of demand from creative office users, co-working, as well as more traditional retail.

So a lot of different choices to make there. And you'll be hearing more about that in the quarters to come. But it's a great space. It's a quality situation for us. 

Craig Schmidt -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

And next, we'll go to Samir Khanal with Evercore ISI. 

Samir Khanal -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Hey, good morning, everybody. So just on your level of termination income that you're assuming for the year, the $22 million. Just wondering kind of what's driving that? I would have thought maybe that number would have been lower considering the amount of closures that have been sort of at the lowest point here. So maybe, Doug or anybody wants to take that? Maybe tell us what maybe the tenants categories that are just driving that number?

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, sure, Samir. It's Scott. Yes, we've had a few termination settlements that have already triggered actually during the first part of this year, which is one of the reasons why you see the FFO a little bit higher than it would typically be in the first quarter. And so, given that -- given those few transactions, and these are really kind of proactive brand closures from ongoing interest.

They've just decided they want to consolidate brands. And so, we've been able to negotiate settlements without naming names. Given those already inked and executed deals, we've got some termination income that's unspoken for, but that's really what's driving the high-level of the termination income in '22.

Samir Khanal -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Got it. And then, I guess, as a follow-up, just maybe if we can unpack the guidance a little bit. I mean, it's a big range. And when you think about the sort of the low end and the top end of the range, I mean, is there anything that you can provide, whether it's what you're assuming for occupancy or any other kind of sort of line items here? 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, the biggest factor that's really driving the range, and I think you probably heard this earlier this week, too, from one of our peers is the tenant sales environment. We've made some assumptions in our detailed budgeting that sales are going to be relatively flat versus '21. That could certainly change. That's not a predictor of what's to come.

I think, that's just a reasonable assumption. And if it proves to be conservative, we could certainly exceed our percentage rent estimates in our detailed guidance. In addition, lease termination income again is a little bit large. We've got some of that spoken for, some of it that's not.

We just touched on that, Samir. I'd say lastly, we also have some land sale transactions that are planned to be consistent with where we landed in '21 in terms of those gains and those FFO increases, but those are -- take a lot of planning and entitlement and due diligence to actually execute on. So that could ultimately occur or not occur and so those are really some of the primary factors that are driving the wider range.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Samir, you asked about occupancy, and we picked up 300 basis points in '21, which is fairly incredible. We are not expecting to be quite that high in '22 and '23. But if you said pre-COVID, our occupancy level was 94%. Today, we're at 91.5%.

It's 250 basis points to get back to where we were pre-COVID and on occupancy. And I would expect roughly half of that to be picked up in '22 and half in '23. So we don't typically give guidance on occupancy, but I'll give you a ballpark there that roughly half of that 250 basis points will be picked up in '22 over the course of '22.

Samir Khanal -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Great. Tom, thanks so much. Scott, appreciate it.

Operator

We'll now hear from Alexander Goldfarb with Piper Sandler.

Alex Goldfarb -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Hey, good morning out there. So two questions for me. First, Scott, on the refinancing, certainly, the mall performance, the fact that you guys are exceeding 2019 sales healthily and the leasing volume, etc. I would think that would be making the lenders much calmer and better mood to do refinancing.

So is there something else that's going on as far as like the refinancings of the 2020 and the 2021, so I would have -- I would think that the letter should be pretty excited with how you guys have shown the rebound of the malls and certainly the strength of leasing. 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Alex, I think, you're reading it correctly. The markets continue to get better quarter after quarter. And in fact, we're pretty active right now. We just closed last week, as I mentioned, alone on FlatIron Crossing.

We are active on a few other transactions as well. The CMBS market is very productive right now, both on a single asset, as well as a conduit basis. We are seeing some fairly strong interest and that ranges from assets that start at $500 a foot headed north. If you look at our pipeline, we feel pretty good about it.

We've got some very high-quality assets coming with maturities like Scottsdale Fashion like Tyson's Corner, like Green Acres, where we've done a lot of leasing. And I think, those are going to be very well-received in the '23 time frame. And like I said, we're extremely active. Banks are out there doing business, debt funds are out there.

And even some of the life companies are bidding on high-quality A mall transactions. So given the quality of our portfolio, I feel good about our ability to execute here. And like I said, we're very active and we'll continue to report those deals as and when they occur. 

Alex Goldfarb -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Oh, yeah, so just reading between the lines, it sounds like the 2020 and the 2021 that are on short-term extensions, it sounds like those are still being worked through. So I guess, I'll wait. That's what it sounds like. My next question is on unfortunately, I'll be the first to prime what's been in the headlines.

Obviously, you guys are not immune. Has there been any impact to leasing as far as tenants reacting one way or the other I mean, your peer already commented on security expense going up. But just curious if there's been any fallout on the leasing front, either positive or negative as tenants assess the other locations? 

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Hey, Alex, it's Doug. I'm talking to the retailers all the time. My team is talking to the retailers all the time. I would say the answer to that question is a solid no.

And I say that because as we look at the deals we approve and we bring deals to committee every other week, we're substantially outpacing where we were actually in 2021. So we have not seen it.

Alex Goldfarb -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Thanks, Alex.

Operator

Moving on, we'll go to Floris Van Dijkum with Compass Point.

Floris Van Dijkum -- Compass Point Research-- Analyst

Thanks for taking my question. Just delving into the same-store NOI number a little bit more. Obviously, you still have your 3% fixed bumps, so all things being equal, everything else would go up by 3% if the world stayed the same. But you're going to see some occupancy gains as you alluded to, Tom, maybe 125.

It looks like you're saying that open pipeline is about 5% of your total space, a ballpark figure there. So again, some significant -- significantly higher upside potential in terms of NOI, as I look at it. But what's your temporary tenant percentage today? And I know your peers indicated what the rents were for the 10 tenants. It looks like it's a threefold increase to permanent rents.

What kind of delta is there? Is it similar in your portfolio?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

I mean, I would say that you get between two and three times the rent from a permanent tenant than you get from a temporary. And what happened is we did see some good temporary tenant leasing in 2020 and 2021 because as we got a lot of that space back very quickly by virtue of the 2020 bankruptcies, takes a while to generate a permanent lease. So we put a lot of that space in the hands of our specialty leasing group, and they had more inventory than usual, and they did a great job of filling a lot of that space on a temporary basis. I'd say, temporary occupancy when we were at 88% permanent occupancy, we probably had close to 7% of our space was being leased on a temporary basis.

And that's going to shrink and continue to shrink as we convert these leases to permanent leases. Another thing on the same center number, you got to keep in mind that we're going to get a full year impact of that 300-basis-point gain in occupancy that happened in 2021, but we won't see that economic impact until 2022. And in some cases, '23, if there's a delayed opening as a result of an extensive build-out. So that's part of what's driving same center, not just in '22, but should drive it also in '23.

Floris Van Dijkum -- Compass Point Research-- Analyst

And then, maybe I noticed that your -- while your leasing spreads were positive, which was very encouraging, the average rent signs is still below the average in your portfolio. Do you expect your average ABR on leases, new leases executed to continue to steadily increase. And what has been the -- how much ability do you have to push to those rents? And maybe talk about your occupancy costs as well and what has happened to your occupancy costs relative to the last couple of years? 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Floris, good afternoon. Yeah, we would expect average base rent to continue to tick up. When you think of it, especially in the context of some of the COVID negotiations from 2020 where we did some heavy variable rent deals. We will continue to see variable rent convert to fixed rent with fixed annual escalators.

So that's exactly where we want to be. So I would expect over the course of the next couple of years, as that variable rent converts to fixed, we'll see average base rents continue to tick up. On the cost of occupancy side, we've certainly seen that metric drop with the increase in sales. We haven't reported that.

But I would say we're probably at, what would be considered, a historic low, just given the sales environment today. There's definitely some room to push.

Floris Van Dijkum -- Compass Point Research-- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Next, we'll go to Linda Tsai with Jefferies.

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi. Hi. Sort of tacking on to Alex's question. Can you discuss how you'll approach the mortgages coming due in 2022? You noted a very healthy refinancing market.

But what are the main steps to reach eight times net debt-to-EBITDA? And it sounds like raising equity isn't factored into your guidance.

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Well, we continue to chip away at the maturity schedule. Linda, as I look at the debt that is rolling in '22 and 2023. Those assets are pretty well-positioned. They're generally very high-quality assets.

I called out a few earlier. And as I look at several of those, they're extremely underleveraged which leads me to believe that we'll probably have a net liquidity -- events over the course of the next 18 months as we refinance '22 and '23. We are picking those off in order of time date and order of maturity. So again, we're very active in the market, spending a lot of time on it.

And receiving quite a good reception. So I feel good about where we stand right now. 

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

How about the time frame for getting to eight times?

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Well, I think, part of that is going to be driven by increase in NOI. We painted, I think, a pretty optimistic picture for '22 with our same-center NOI range at roughly 4.75% with the occupancy growth that we're seeing, and again, occupancy being a leading indicator and you'll see a lot of that cash flow come online later in '22 and into '23. And also with the pickup in leasing environment, we really don't see that abating at all. And so, as we continue to grow EBITDA and NOI, we'll continue to see that sub target become much more of a reality.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

I would expect it to happen by the end of 2023. Some of it depends on the -- not just the pace of NOI pickup but also our ability to sell noncore assets. We kind of quietly went out, sold $150 million worth of assets this year, and use those proceeds to delever. And I would expect we'll see some of that in '22 and '23 as well, Linda.

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Are you getting inbounds in terms of interest for your noncore assets?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Occasionally, we do. Generally, we're out trying to create the opportunity. And we do these on a one-off basis. We sold La Encantada lifestyle center in Tucson last year to a local buyer, and we sold Paradise Valley to a local developer, and they weren't necessarily marketed deals, but we knew somebody that had a mandate, had capital and had an interest in those particular assets.

So I think, we're going to continue to operate that way in '22 and '23. And just to remind you, coming out of the financial crisis, we sold 29 malls, we decided to sell our lower quartile assets. and we were successful in selling those 29 centers and that was roughly 2010 through 2015.

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Thanks. Just one last one. On percentage rents, it seems like those were elevated in the quarter. Would you expect that to kind of remain the case over the next few quarters? 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, I think so. Again, we've guided with flat sales assumptions. So over the course of time, as I mentioned to Floris earlier, we'll continue to see percentage rents convert to fixed, those will naturally tick down. But we don't see the sales environment slowing down at this point.

I think, our assumptions are, like I said, relatively conservative. But I think, over the course of time, we'll see variable rent continue to tick down to more historic levels probably over the next two to three years.

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Sure.

Operator

And next, we'll go to Hong Zhang with J.P. Morgan.

Hong Zhang -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Yeah, I guess, just adding on to Linda's question on the percentage rent side of things, if you're assuming flat tenant sales next year, does that mean you're essentially assuming a similar level of percentage rent in '22?

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

We are showing some decline in percentage rent, again, just as a result of the negotiation and converting large store fleets that are renewing to fixed-rate deals. So we do see some decrease of percentage rent in our '22 guidance. Again, percentage rents, the sales assumptions may be flat, but it's very individuated on a deal-by-deal basis. You may have some tenants that pay more percentage rent than others.

So it's really kind of a broad assumption. Some tenants may have fantastic performance like they did in '21 and generate some outsized percentage and it's very, very hard to predict and budget with a lot of specificity. But we are seeing some decline in percentage rent in our '22 guidance, just as a result of the negotiation to fixed rents.

Hong Zhang -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Got it. And I guess, on that topic, as you convert tenants from, I guess, a higher percentage rent component to a more -- to a higher fixed rent component. Is there, I guess, any slippage in revenue? Or what it can be whatever the they would be paying percentage rent would kind of essentially be converted more to a fixed-rent basis. Does that makes any sense?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, yeah, essentially, the percentage rent would get converted to fixed. If anything, there might be a bit of a pickup. So typically, we're going to get the benefit of whatever that percentage rent was. It's just going to come in the form of guaranteed rent, which we'd rather have, which our lenders would rather see, it's easier for them to underwrite.

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, and that would typically come with the net charges as well, right? So you convert it to base rent to convert it to fixed CAM, you convert it to tax. So it's much more of a return to a traditional lease structure. 

Hong Zhang -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Got it. If I could sneak one last question in there. Your non-cash rent guidance represents a step down from where you used to try historically. Is there anything onetime in nature going on with that -- with those lines? 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

No, not really. It's a function of if we've historically provided rental assistance as a result of COVID to tenants, there was elevated straight line of rent. And conversely, as you move forward and you flip the calendar year, and you compare back, if there's less rent relief in prior years, then you're going to get less straight line in the subsequent year. So it's just that kind of natural seesaw relationship.

If you look at our '22 guidance, there's basically not a lot of non-cash accounting noise in the FFO, which kind of makes it a cleaner underwrite from our perspective. So that's really what's going on there.

Hong Zhang -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

And moving on, we'll go to Greg McGinniss with Scotiabank.

Greg McGinniss -- Scotiabank -- Analyst

Hey, good morning. Just thinking about that trailing 12-month rent spread number at plus-5%, how would that spread be impacted if you included the overage of percent rent that those leases have been achieving as well? 

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Yeah, good morning, Greg, or afternoon. We haven't quantified that, but it would certainly increase when you add the percentage rent element. We have historically provided our spreads based on just base rent, but we'd probably see a tick up. I don't have a figure for you though.

We'd certainly see a tick up there. 

Greg McGinniss -- Scotiabank -- Analyst

OK. Yeah, I mean, obviously, one of your peers talked about it on their call it was pretty significant. So I just wanted to see if you guys had that, but we can discuss later. And then, regarding your comment on several assets being under leveraged, the expectation that you'll increase the LTV on those assets? And then, what would be the use of those funds? And how do you kind of balance that against the pursuit of lower leverage? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, I think, to the extent we borrow in excess of the maturing principal amount, that would go to pay down debt. Line of credit or other variable debt that we're able to pay down without penalty.

Greg McGinniss -- Scotiabank -- Analyst

OK. Great. Thank you.

Operator

And next, we'll go to Rich Hill with Morgan Stanley. 

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Hey, good morning, guys.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Hi, Richard.

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Hey, how are you? I have a clarification question about sales being flat. This has actually come up a fair amount with your peer. When you talk about sales, are you talking about like gross revenue? Or are you talking about transactions? And the reason I mentioned it is if we're talking about revenue and given the price of a good is up, does that mean transactions are down and your views that sales will be flat is actually fairly conservative? If you can just maybe talk us through a little bit more what sales being flat actually means? I think, that would be helpful. 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, and I think, when Scott said sales being flat, he was relating that to the percentage rent question. So the full universe of tenants don't pay percentage rent. Maybe 8% of your tenants are in percentage rent. And so, for him to calculate and make a guidance assumption in 2022, he was assuming that those tenants that paid percentage rent, their sales would be flat for 2022.

I don't believe sales are going to be flat for 2022. We see the momentum we've got. Can it remain at double digits, that's unlikely. But I could easily see sales moving forward at levels between 5% and 10% increase this year.

I don't think we're going to lose that momentum. So I think, that was just a comment that was specific to the percentage rent calculation for guidance purposes.

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you. Taking up a lot of oxygen in the room over the past couple of days, at least, at least -- I have a headache --

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

So in other words, Rich, we probably have a conservative percentage rent assumption in the guidance.

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Well, that was going to be my next question, guys. I think, everyone, including ourselves, and hopefully, I'm not unique in this, we have trouble modeling percentage rents. You just had a blowout year and quarter with percentage rents. Could you maybe just provide a little bit more transparency on what you think you should assume or we should assume for percentage rents in 2022 as a percentage of 2021? Hopefully, I didn't use percentages too many times in that question. 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, there's a lot of percentages in there. So I'll try and steer away from the statement. I would say it's probably like point eight to point eight five times what it was in 2021. I think, we're going to see a little bit of tick down, but I think they'll still remain elevated.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, Rich, to give you just some anecdotal information at Scottsdale Fashion Square, where we've got a luxury wing that we added a few years ago. Luxury did not do well in 2020. But 2021, for many of them, they had sales that were two times what they had in 2019, and in some cases, three times. So those tenants got into -- and I'm not going to mention names, but those luxury tenants got into percentage rent to a much greater degree than we expected and probably greater than they expected.

And certainly, we don't expect that's going to continue in perpetuity. So we took a fairly conservative stance as we did our forecast and made our guidance as it related to percentage rent. And that's why we've got a wide range.

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

OK. Got it. Hey, Scott, maybe we can just follow up offline when we catch up in a couple of days. I'd like to just unpack that a little bit more.

One more question, if I may. I actually think the Class B, C mall sale market is -- I wouldn't call it vibrant, but by our count, there was almost 40 mall sales in 2021. 25 of those were operating Class B and C malls. Cap rates came in fairly significantly in 2021 versus 2020 as you would expect them to.

So I guess, I would love to just go back to the question Derek was asking about mall sales. Is this a function of you thinking that cap rates are going to tighten even further, and therefore, there will be a better time to sell the noncore in the future? Sorry for asking such a direct question, but why can't you sell? Why aren't you selling your non -- the assets?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, we were fairly active last year. We've only got, I would say, 10 noncore assets, and we sold two out of the 10. So part of it, too, Rich, you have to keep in mind the debt market hasn't been there for that type of asset. And it's slowly coming back, and I think that could change things fairly quickly.

But we were very successful with our disposition program in the 2011 to 2015 range. And we've shown a willingness an ability to sell noncore assets and redeploy that capital into our better assets. And that's what we're going to continue to do. So if you think there's an opportunity somewhere or you see a fund that's actively buying, give me a heads up.

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

All right. I will can you about that then. Thanks for humoring my obnoxious sell-side question. I think, they're pretty nice quarters.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Richard.

Operator

And next, we'll go to Todd Thomas with TD Bank Capital Markets.

Unknown speaker

OK. Thanks. First question, Doug, I appreciate the color around the executed leases in the pipeline. But I just wanted to go back to that 225 new leases, 2.7 million square feet, I think you said.

Can you just share what Macerich's share of the NOI is that's associated with that backlog of leasing. So all tenants including anchor spaces over 10,000 square feet, CAM tax recoveries. What's the NOI look like for that backlog? And what's the time frame for that to come online?

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Yeah, I'll go ahead and take that one, Todd. Our average share is about 70%. So you can kind of use that as a barometer, including consolidated, as well as our share of unconsolidated centers. And I'm sorry, what was the second part of your question?

Unknown speaker

The NOI associated with that for all spaces, so over 10,000 square feet anchors, everything fully loaded. 

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Yeah, yeah, so I'm sorry. We haven't quantified that. We aren't providing guidance for that. But I think, your other question was, look, how -- what's the time frame for that to come online? Small shops are typically six to nine months to get permitted for the landlord and the tenant to do their build-out work.

You've got some large format space in there, bear in mind. We've got things like Caesars Republic in there. We've got things like Google in there. So obviously, those take a lot longer to gestate.

You've got box backfills like Primark and Pinstripes and the like. Those typically take about 18 months between lease execution and the cash flow to come online. So that's why we feel not only good about '22. We feel very good about '23 as well in terms of the occupancy, actually, the cash flows from that occupancy really hitting the ground and running.

Unknown speaker

OK. And then, just following up on the occupancy discussion a little bit. And given some of the terminations, I guess, that you discussed that will take place in the first quarter. And normally, there is some seasonality at the beginning of the year where you do see occupancy decrease with a little bit of higher tenant turnover.

But it does sound like leasing is really strong and the pipeline is fairly robust. Do you expect -- within the roughly 125 basis point maybe occupancy uptick that you expect throughout the year, do you expect the occupancy to decrease sequentially to start the year? Or do you think that it could continue to just climb higher, which, I think, you experienced for a couple of years in the recovery after the GFC.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, Todd, you're right, first quarter is typically the low occupancy quarter. That being said, as Doug mentioned, it's almost a record low in terms of bankruptcies in '21, and there's fewer people on our watch list. And typically, we would see closures in the first quarter from weaker tenants. And we very well may have a year this year where we don't see that happen.

That being said, I would expect occupancy to kind of accelerate through the course of the year in that 125-basis-point pickup would happen probably mostly in the second and third quarter.

Unknown speaker

OK. So it sounds like --

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

I mean, those are typically our most active in terms of lease signings.

Unknown speaker

Got it. So it sounds like occupancy might sort of hold steady 4Q to 1Q before picking back up throughout the balance of the year a little bit?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

That's a reasonable assumption, yes. 

Unknown speaker

OK. And then, just lastly, with regard to the lease term fees that you mentioned, Scott, I think within -- for the full year, how much of that do you expect then to be collected in the first quarter roughly?

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A pretty decent chunk, I would say, in the order of magnitude of 40% to 50% of it.

Unknown speaker

OK. All right. Great. Thank you.

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Thanks.

Operator

And we'll move on to Katy McConnell with Citi. 

Katy McConnell -- Citi -- Analyst

Great. Thank you. Just going back to a prior comment you had on land sales. Could you specify what you're assuming for a range of potential landfill gains within your FFO guidance for this year? 

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Katy, it's going to be very similar in '22 relative to 2021. Again, there's multiple deals, I think we executed on probably 15 to 18 deals or so in 2021, roughly. And I think, it's about the same type of volume in '22. There's a lot of transactional activity, some could slip into '23.

Some could actually go away. But right now, in our guidance, we've got similar amounts in '22 relative to 2021, which were in the $20 million range. 

Katy McConnell -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Great. Thanks. And then, just on the --

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Operator, I think -- I'm sorry, go ahead.

Katy McConnell -- Citi -- Analyst

Sorry. I was just going to ask your plans for leasing capex spend this year? And then, separately, what you're planning for redevelopment spend, including the anchor repositioning projects.

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Yeah, I don't think you'll see the leasing capex change a lot. Our development capex will continue to increase. We have about $100 million of expenditure in 2021 last year. I expect that to increase roughly 50% or so in 2022.

And then, going forward into '23, I expect it to increase even further. We've outlined a few projects that we're getting entitled right now. So it's just natural for the development pipeline to start to ramp up.

Michael Bilerman -- Citi -- Analyst

Hey, Tom, it's Michael Bilerman. I had a quick question just on the overall transaction market, and you're responding to Rich a little bit on deals. Westfield came out a little bit more strongly this morning to say that the U.S. is definitely on the chopping block to be sold.

Obviously, a lot of those assets are in some of your core markets. How do you think about potential ways to enhance the platform and the portfolio? And are there capital sources that you can tap to effectuate a type of transaction to enlarge the pie?

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

I mean, we just -- we'd have to see, Michael, they came once before with assets and their pricing did not seem appealing. We didn't get a lot of activity. And we'll, obviously, look at what they've got there. We've done a lot of joint ventures over time, and there's always ways to structure if it's a deal that makes sense for the portfolio. 

Michael Bilerman -- Citi -- Analyst

Right. I'm just -- I wonder what the appetite is of your joint venture partners right now? And what would they be looking for in terms of assets relative to what they're invested now, right? If they want to put incremental capital to work, what are they really looking for today? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, there hasn't been a lot of institutional capital lined up for the mall sector in '20 and '21. We, obviously, got hit pretty hard and immediately by COVID. That being said, I think their appetites are starting to warm up, particularly as they look at the type of yields they're getting on other property types. So I think, it's only a matter of time.

It's improving. I don't think it's there yet, though.

Michael Bilerman -- Citi -- Analyst

Really focused on -- I'm just trying to get a sense of -- and I recognize the market has been very dry. There hasn't been much product, and obviously, the sector has gone through some challenges. You, obviously, have very deep relationships with some very deep-pocketed investors that have put out incremental capital elsewhere. So you're talking about that relative spread.

But when they're going to consider investing in a mall, what are the characteristics today relative to where they've been before for what would pass their threshold, assuming that the price is right, what are they really looking for? 

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, again, it's probably more a question for them. But obviously, they're looking for post-COVID stability. I mean, we've never been through this before. I think, everybody is looking to see how long the recovery takes, how quick the pace is, how quick the cadence is, whether the current leasing environment can stay as strong as it is.

And if all those things remain, I think they're going to start to see more interest in, hopefully, some transactions.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 66 minutes

Call participants:

Samantha Greening -- Director of Investor Relations

Tom O'Hern -- Chief Executive Officer

Scott Kingsmore -- Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Doug Healey -- Senior Executive Vice president, Leasing

Derek Johnston -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Craig Schmidt -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Samir Khanal -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Alex Goldfarb -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Floris Van Dijkum -- Compass Point Research-- Analyst

Linda Tsai -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hong Zhang -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Greg McGinniss -- Scotiabank -- Analyst

Rich Hill -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Unknown speaker

Katy McConnell -- Citi -- Analyst

Michael Bilerman -- Citi -- Analyst

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