Intuitive Surgical (ISRG) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Intuitive Surgical (ISRG -1.93%)
Q4 2022 Earnings Call
Jan 24, 2023, 4:30 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Intuitive quarter 4 2022 earnings release. At this time, all lines are in a listen-only mode. Later, there will be an opportunity for your questions.

[Operator instructions]. And as a reminder, today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to our host, head of investor relations, Mr. Brian King, please go ahead.

Brian King -- Head of Investor Relations

Good afternoon, and welcome to Intuitive's fourth quarter earnings conference call. With me today, we have Gary Guthart, our CEO; and Jamie Samath, our CFO. Before we begin, I would like to inform you that comments mentioned on today's call may be deemed to contain forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of certain risks and uncertainties.

These risks and uncertainties are described in detail in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our most recent Form 10-K filed on February 3, 2022, and Form 10-Q filed on October 21, 2022. Our SEC filings can be found through our website or at the SEC's website. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Please note that this conference call will be available for audio replay on our website at intuitive.com on the Events section under our investor relations page.

Today's press release and supplementary financial data tables have been posted to our website. Today's format will consist of providing you with highlights of our fourth quarter results as described in our press release announced earlier today, followed by a question-and-answer session. Gary will present the quarter's business and operational highlights. Jamie will provide a review of our financial results.

Then I will discuss procedure and clinical highlights and provide our updated financial outlook for 2023. And finally, we will host a question-and-answer session. And with that, I will turn it over to Gary.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you for joining us today. The fundamentals of our business were healthy in Q4 and for the full year 2022. Procedure growth for the full year approached pre-pandemic levels. Installed base growth was solid, and customers concurrently increased utilization of existing systems.

Our investments in product development extended our multiport, single-port, and flexible robotics ecosystems through new instrument accessories, digital products, and indication expansions. Finally, the fine work of our operations teams and supply partners largely mitigated the supply chain challenges that persisted through the year. Turning first to procedures. We saw 18% procedure growth for the quarter and the full year.

Areas of strength included general surgery in the United States, particularly benign procedures such as bariatric surgery, cholecystectomy, and hernia repair. Colon and rectal procedure growth also continued. Strong growth beyond urology outside the U.S. was accretive to our global performance.

We attribute this diversification to the value of our ecosystems and our strategic investments in organization, clinical trials, data products, and market access. Regionally, the United States, Japan, Europe, and India stood out in the quarter and year. Procedure growth in China was hampered by the COVID wave in Q4 with procedures progressively declining starting in November through the end of '22. Ion procedures showed continued strength with 218% growth in '22 compared with '21, and SP procedures grew 38% over the same period, with the majority of its growth coming from Korea.

Global core procedure areas of urology and gynecology moved toward recovery in the year, both exceeding their three-year compound annual growth rates in '22. On the capital front, we placed 369 systems in Q4 compared with 385 in Q4 2021. For the full year, we placed 1,264 systems compared with 1,347 in '21. Our installed base growth rate was 12% for multiport, 149% for Ion, and 22% for SP in 2022.

Overall, our capital placement trends showed sustained demand for additional capacity in multiport and strong interest in expanding capacity for Ion with several hospitals now operating multiple Ion systems in their programs and variable demand for SP as we continue to pursue our additional indications. System utilization is an important predictor of future demand and utilization grew 5% for multiport in the year and 10% for Ion. Utilization was roughly flat for SP over the year, however, utilization increased by 9% in Q4 measured year over year as our organization incorporated learnings. Touching on our finances.

Revenue grew 9% in 2022. Revenue was impacted by the strength of the dollar in the year and the decline of the trade-in population of third-generation multiport systems. Our expenses landed at the higher end of our spend guidance reflecting continued R&D investments that support the growth of our platforms and digital products, expansion of our manufacturing and commercial capabilities, and capital amortization driven by expansion of our global footprint. Structurally, we have been increasing our own capital expenditures as we continue to build the company to supply the globe at industrial scale.

This is an important investment as several procedures using our systems have become the standard of care in several countries. We have been vertically integrating key technologies to develop a more robust supply chain and bring important products to market at attractive price points. These investments include increased ownership of our imaging pipelines, strategic instrument and accessory technologies, and software and digital products that allow us to serve our customers. The investments make our business more capital intensive than years past, in support of industrial dependability, a more robust supply chain, and lower product costs.

I'd also like to take a moment to walk through our platform investments. Intuitive starts with the end in mind. Coordinating our efforts to enable our customers' pursuit of the quadruple aim in specific procedures, for example, those in general surgery. We design all our systems to allow for the addition of new functionality over time.

For our multiport platform, this design philosophy has enabled us to continuously strengthen our fourth generation da Vinci Xi by adding new regulatory clearances, a new model with the da Vinci X, new instruments and accessories, new imaging capabilities, and new software products. These products include our stapling lot of instruments, as well as our advanced energy instruments, which contributed approximately $890 million in revenue in '22 with revenue growth of 18% in the year and are a key enabler of the general surgery growth discussed a minute ago. We added 65 representative clinical procedure indications in the United States to our fourth-generation multiport platform since its launch. Our multiport indications now span six surgical categories and total over 70 procedure indications for multiport platforms in the United States today.

We routinely improve our platform operating systems with roughly 10 significant fourth-generation OS releases since launch and dozens of smaller software upgrades. We launched our next-generation Xi visualization, Endoscope Plus, and have been integrating digital products, including virtual reality training Intuitive Hub and the My Intuitive app. We expect to launch additional Gen 4 compatible products and operating system software this year. Concurrently, we invest in new generations of our multiport platform that bring new and significantly enhanced capabilities.

For our multiport system development programs, we prioritize as follows: our highest priority is the improvement of core surgical capability targeting improved patient outcomes, often through innovation in robot and instrument precision, imaging, and sensing while focusing on dependability and product quality. Next, we designed to improve usability, care team's skill acquisition, and analytic power, including digital products for the operating room, personalized learning for care teams, and efficiency analysis and services for surgical programs. Next, we designed platforms and their ecosystems that can lower the total cost to treat per patient episode. And finally, we designed with the flexibility to add future capability to systems post-launch.

Given the time required to design and validate new architectures at any given moment, we're typically developing more than one system architecture beyond that in the market. In the current global regulatory environment, core technology changes often require human clinical trials and substantial review. These are multiyear investment cycles, and we're making good progress. As we start this year, we do not currently expect a new multiport system launch in 2023.

Turning to Ion. Adoption has been healthy based on its ability to meet an unmet clinical need in lung biopsy. We're focused on improving the manufacturability, cost, and robustness of iron products to support its rapid growth in the U.S. We have also submitted a regulatory dossier for a review in Europe, Korea, and in China's green channel.

We expect clearance in Europe in 2023. We don't have a firm forecast on the time for Ion clearance in China at this time given pandemic-related adjustments ongoing in the Chinese healthcare system. Ion is also a platform with strong opportunities for future clinical applications. We're conducting advanced development and clinical research to extend Ion into other indications in the lung.

While our Ion flexible robotics offers an opportunity to provide value in the body outside of lung, our focus is on completing what we started for pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons. Our single-port platform, da Vinci SP, has supported strong adoption in Korea and has recently obtained PMDA clearance with broad indications in Japan. We expect first installs of SP in Japan in the coming months. Next, we plan to submit our dossier on da Vinci SP to our notified body in Europe midyear 2023.

So far, customer feedback on the clinical utility for SP has been healthy with strong multi-specialty use of SP in Korea. In the United States, some indications have required prospective clinical trials, and we're currently conducting IDE trials in colorectal surgery and thoracic surgery. We're pursuing additional indications for SP beyond these two, and we'll share more information on these indications in 2023 as the requirements for our regulatory pathway for them are established. We're continuing to invest significant resources in R&D, where the portfolio we have under development is positioned to support leadership in existing categories and expansion into new ones.

Our capital investments will increase to support supply chain robustness, product cost reduction, and global industrial scale. On the SG&A front, we are making some foundational investments, and we'll turn to pursue leverage in enabling functions. Recognizing economic conditions for 2023 are hard to forecast. We're targeting a deceleration of fixed cost growth rate in '23 relative to '22.

We expect pro forma operating margins to fluctuate in the next several quarters and then improve over the midterm. In closing, our priorities for 2023 are as follows: first, increased adoption and focused procedures defined by country through outstanding training, commercial, and market access execution; second, pursuit of expanded indications and launches for our new platforms; third, excellent performance in the continuity of supply, product quality, and services provision as we emerge from pandemic stresses; and finally, pursuit of increased productivity and our functions that benefit from scale. I'll now turn the time over to Jamie, who will take you through our finances in greater detail.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Good afternoon. I will describe the highlights of our performance on a non-GAAP or pro forma basis. I will also summarize our GAAP performance later in my prepared remarks. A reconciliation between our pro forma and GAAP results is posted on our website.

Q4 and 2022 revenue and procedures are in line with our preliminary press release of January 11. I will briefly review full year 2022 performance before describing our Q4 results in greater detail. 2022 procedures grew by 18% as compared to 2021 or 15% on a three-year compound annual growth rate basis. During the year, we placed 1,264 systems at customers, down 6% year over year, driven by a decline in trading volumes of 165 systems due to the declining population of SIs in the field.

Recurring revenue, which is correlated to ongoing use of our products, represented 79% of total revenue and grew 15% over the prior year. Total revenue of $6.2 billion increased 9% year over year and grew approximately 12% on a constant-currency basis. Pro forma operating margin was 35% of revenue and reflected the impact of several headwinds, FX, supply chain challenges, and inflation together adversely impacted 2022 pro forma operating margin by approximately 1 percentage point. During the year, we repurchased $2.6 billion of our stock, or approximately 11.2 million shares, and we have a remaining authorization to repurchase our shares of $1.5 billion.

Turning to Q4. With respect to capital performance, we placed 369 systems, 4% lower than the 385 systems we placed in the fourth quarter of last year. There were 110 trading transactions in the quarter as compared to 117 last year. Fifty-one of the 110 trading transactions were with OUS customers, higher than recent trends primarily driven by customers in Japan and Brazil.

As of the end of Q4, there were approximately 620 SIs remaining in the installed base, of which 134 are in the U.S. Given the continuing decline of older generation systems in the field, we expect trade-in volumes to decline significantly in 2023. Q4 revenue was $1.66 billion, an increase of 7% from last year. On a constant-currency basis, fourth quarter revenue grew approximately 10%.

For full year 2022, revenue denominated in non-USD currencies represented 24% of total revenue. The U.S. dollar has weakened recently, and as a result, on a revenue-weighted basis using current rates, the U.S. dollar is approximately 100 basis points stronger than the average rates realized in 2022.

Additional revenue statistics and trends are as follows: In the U.S., we placed 181 systems in the fourth quarter, lower than the 235 systems we placed last year, reflecting cautious capital spending by customers given the macroeconomic environment and the decline of 21 systems associated with trade-in transactions. Average system utilization in the U.S. increased by 6%, reaching an all-time high. Outside the U.S., we placed 188 systems in Q4 compared with 150 systems last year.

Current quarter system placements included 70 into Europe, 51 into Japan, and 14 into China compared with 63 into Europe, 37 into Japan, and 14 into China in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of the end of 2022, there were 34 systems remaining under the current quota in China. There are now four local competitors that are registered in China, and they are active in tenders under the existing quota. Delays in the granting of a new quota in China will constrain our ability to further grow the installed base and limit capacity for procedure growth.

Leasing represented 42% of Q4 placements compared with 37% last quarter and last year. The higher lease mix was primarily driven by the mix of customers in the U.S. who prefer to lease and reflected, in part, an increase in placements acquired under usage-based arrangements. While leasing will fluctuate from quarter to quarter, we continue to expect that the proportion of placements under operating leases will increase over time.

Q4 system average selling prices were $1.43 million as compared to $1.45 million last year. System ASPs were negatively impacted by FX, partially offset by a favorable regional mix and a higher mix of Xi jewel placements. We recognized $17 million of lease buyout revenue in the fourth quarter compared with $17 million last quarter and $26 million in Q4 of 2021. Da Vinci instrument and accessory revenue per procedure was approximately $1,820 compared with approximately $1,800 last quarter and $1,940 last year.

On a year-over-year basis, FX negatively impacted I&A per procedure by approximately $50 and customer ordering patterns had a negative impact of approximately $40 per procedure as customers, particularly in the U.S. and China, reduced their inventory levels. Turning to our Ion platform. In 2022, we tripled procedures to just over 23,000 and double system placements to 192 as compared to 2021.

In Q4, we placed 67 Ion systems as compared to 31 in Q4 of 2021. The installed base of Ion systems is now 321 systems, of which 132 are under operating lease arrangements. Fourth quarter Ion procedures of approximately 7,900 increased 169% as compared to last year. Leveraging previous investments we have made in our da Vinci ecosystem during the quarter, we commenced the launch of My Intuitive app for Ion users, providing them real-time access and insights to their Ion usage statistics.

Moving on to the rest of the P&L. Pro forma gross margin for the fourth quarter of 2022 was 68.2% compared with 70.1% for the fourth quarter of 2021 and 69.8% last quarter. As a reminder, last quarter's gross margin included a one-time benefit of approximately 50 basis points relating to the favorable conclusion of certain indirect tax matters. Pro forma gross margin was lower than last year, primarily due to increased fixed costs relative to revenue, the stronger U.S.

dollar, and higher component pricing. The supply chain environment was challenging in Q4, and indicators of supply and inventory health did not improve as compared to last quarter. Higher fixed costs relative to revenue reflect a combination of manufacturing-related inefficiencies given the environment and investments for future growth. Fourth quarter pro forma operating expenses increased 19% compared with last year, driven by increased headcount, higher travel costs, increased customer training activities, and higher R&D-related project costs.

Fourth quarter 2021 operating expenses included a $30 million contribution to the Intuitive Foundation, which can support their efforts for the next couple of years and did not repeat in 2022. The pace at which we are increasing headcount continued to moderate in Q4 with net additions of about 330 employees in the quarter compared to a net increase of approximately 530 employees last quarter. More than half of the employees we added in Q4 were production staff in our instrument factory in Mexico to support procedure growth. While we are slowing our hiring pace and pursuing leverage in our enabling functions, we are planning for balanced growth in operating expenses in 2023 given the opportunity to advance our next-generation robotics capabilities and the relatively earlier stage of our investments in Ion, SP, and digital.

In 2023, we expect a significant increase in expenses related to clinical trials. Brian will provide our outlook for operating expenses later in this call. As we look forward to our growth plans over the next several years, we are planning to make significant capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for 2022 were $532 million, and we expect 2023 capital expenditures in a range of $800 million to $1 billion, of which approximately two-thirds will be for facilities to expand our manufacturing capacity.

Our manufacturing investment plans include advanced proprietary facilities for production of new products and the Ion platform in California and da Vinci systems in Georgia. Internationally, we are increasing our product development capacity in Germany, building a new low-cost endoscope manufacturing facility in Bulgaria, and establishing manufacturing capacity for domestic Xi production in China. We will also be expanding the footprint of our high-volume, low-cost instrument site in Mexico to support procedure growth across all of our platforms. These investments allow us to consolidate our manufacturing into larger centralized hubs, such as our headquarter campus in Sunnyvale, California, and our East Coast hub just outside of Atlanta, while we will co-locate surgeon training, technology development, and manufacturing capacity.

These are multiyear investments. And as a result, we expect depreciation expense to increase in 2023 and increase more significantly in 2024. Pro forma other income was $21.8 million for Q4, higher than $7.2 million in the prior quarter, primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses from remeasurement of the balance sheet and higher interest income. Our pro forma effective tax rate for the fourth quarter was 18.2% lower than prior quarters, primarily as a result of a more favorable geographical earnings mix and a discrete tax benefit of $7 million associated with the foreign tax matter.

Fourth quarter 2022 pro forma net income was $439 million or $1.23 per share compared with $473 million or $1.29 per share for the fourth quarter of last year. I will now summarize our GAAP results. GAAP net income was $325 million or $0.91 per share for the fourth quarter of 2022, compared with GAAP net income of $381 million or $1.04 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021. The adjustments between pro forma and GAAP net income are outlined and quantified on our website and include excess tax benefits associated with employee stock awards, employee stock-based compensation, amortization of intangibles, litigation charges, and gains and losses on strategic investments.

We ended the year with cash and investments of $6.7 billion compared with $7.4 billion at the end of Q3. The sequential reduction in cash and investments reflected share repurchases of $1 billion and capital expenditures, partially offset by cash from operating activities. And with that, I would like to turn it over to Brian, who will discuss clinical highlights and provide our outlook for 2023.

Brian King -- Head of Investor Relations

Thank you, Jamie. Overall procedure growth for the full year 2022 was 18% and increased 15% on a three-year compound annual growth basis. Overall procedure growth was comprised of 16% growth in the U.S. and 22% growth outside of the U.S.

In the U.S., fourth quarter 2022 procedures grew 18% year over year, compared to 16% for the fourth quarter of 2021 and 18% last quarter. The U.S. procedure growth rate reflected a favorable comparison to the quarter a year ago, given the impact of the omicron variant in December of last year. On a three-year compound annual growth basis, U.S.

procedure growth was 13%. Outside of the U.S., fourth quarter procedure volume grew approximately 18% year over year compared to 28% for the fourth quarter of 2021 and 24% last quarter. On a three-year compound annual growth basis, procedure growth was 19%. Turning to Europe.

Procedure growth in the quarter was led by strong growth in U.K., Germany, and Italy. In the regions noted, procedure growth outside of urology was strong in general surgery and gynecology categories. Specifically in the U.K., we experienced strong early stage growth in colorectal surgery and continued strong growth in hysterectomy. Turning to Asia.

Growth outside of China continued solid with notable strength in capital and procedure growth in Japan. Procedure growth in Korea was healthy, and India and Taiwan continue to experience strong early stage growth. In Japan, as Jamie noted earlier, 51 systems were placed in the country, the most in a single quarter. Overall procedure growth in Japan for the quarter was led by general surgery with strong early stage growth in colon resection and cystectomy and also in urology with newly reimbursed nephrectomy procedures.

In China, midway through the fourth quarter, we observed the decline in procedures. Towards the end of the quarter, we saw a significant decline in procedure volume as hospitals were dealing with increasing COVID cases once the zero COVID policy was removed. As a result, China procedures experienced a modest year-over-year decline in Q4. Now turning to the clinical side of our business.

Each quarter on these calls, we highlight certain recently published studies that we deem to be notable. However, to gain a more complete understanding of the body of evidence, we encourage all stakeholders to thoroughly review the extensive details of scientific studies that have been published over the years. While still in the early stages of adoption in the U.S., robotic-assisted bariatric surgery has been one of the fastest-growing procedures in general surgery for Intuitive. In October 2022, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and International Federation for the surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders released major updates to the 1991 National Institute of Health guidelines that recommended lowering the BMI for metabolic and bariatric surgery, or MBS, from 40 to 35, regardless of the presence, absence, or severity of comorbidities.

These guidelines note that, "MBS is now preferably performed using minimally invasive surgical approaches, laparoscopic robotic," and that "MBS is the most effective evidence-based treatment for obesity across all BMI classes." In another bariatric analysis, Dr. Wayne Barley from St. Luke's University Hospital in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, recently published a descriptive analysis from the NBA SIP database identifying the proportion of MBS procedures in the U.S. performed between 2015 and 2020 using a robotic or laparoscopic approach and found up to a threefold difference in the proportion of various robotic-assisted MBS cases per year.

We believe our investments in advanced instruments and surgeon training are helping to drive adoption of robotic-assisted surgery in bariatrics. We look forward to continuing to support surgeons and their care teams as they provide high-quality robotic minimally invasive care for an even greater portion of the population under the new guidelines. A recent rectal cancer study by Dr. Fang from Fudan University in Shanghai and on behalf of the RealStudy Group, published short-term outcomes from a multicenter randomized controlled trial in the Lancet.

This study impaired robotic-assisted and laparoscopic approaches performed by experienced surgeons for middle and low rectal cancer across 11 hospitals in China, with approximately 580 cases included in each approach. With respect to perioperative outcomes, the rate of patients with a positive circumferential margin was 3.2% lower in the robotic-assisted group, as well as a 3.6% higher rate of complete macroscopic resection. Furthermore, patients in the laparoscopic arm experienced a 2.2% higher rate of conversion to open. A 3.3% higher rate of intraoperative complications was also reported in the laparoscopic group.

Notably, 5.8% less abdominal perineal resections were performed in the robotic group. Postoperatively, patients in the robotic-assisted arm also had a faster gastrointestinal recovery postoperatively, as well as a one-day shorter length of stay and approximately 7% lower rate of postoperative complications with a Clavien-Dindo grade of 2 or higher. In summary, the authors concluded that short-term outcomes suggest that for middle and low rectal cancer, robotic surgery by experienced surgeons resulted in better quality resection than conventional laparoscopic surgery with less surgical trauma and better postoperative recovery. I will now turn to our financial outlook for 2023.

Starting with procedures. For 2023, we anticipate full year procedure growth within a range of 12% to 16%. The low end of the range assumes continued choppiness with COVID hospitalizations and staffing pressure at hospitals globally throughout the year. In addition, it assumes ongoing staffing, significant challenges with COVID in China, and uncertainty with the timing of the new capital quota.

At the high end of the range, we assume no new significant impact from COVID throughout 2023, and assume continued growth in general surgery in the U.S., and diversified growth beyond urology outside of the U.S. The range does not reflect significant material, supply chain disruptions, or hospital capacity constraints similar to what we experienced at the start of the pandemic. Beyond the uncertainty with COVID in China, we expect similar seasonal timing of procedures in 2023 as we have experienced before the pandemic, with the first quarter being the seasonally weakest quarter as patient deductibles are reset. With respect to revenue, as we have mentioned previously, capital sales are ultimately driven by procedure demand, catalyzing hospitals to establish or expand robotic system capacity.

Capital sales can vary substantially from period to period based upon many factors, including national healthcare policies, hospital capital spending cycles, reimbursement and government quotas, product cycles, economic cycles, and competitive factors. Turning to gross profit. Our full year 2022 pro forma gross profit margin was 69.2%. In 2023, we expect our pro forma gross profit margin to be within 68% and 69% of net revenue.

The lower estimate of pro forma gross profit margin in 2023 reflects the impact of higher infrastructure investment costs, higher supply chain costs, and a greater mix of new products, in particular, from our Ion platform. Our actual gross profit margin will vary quarter to quarter depending largely on product, regional and trade-in mix, procedure mix, and volumes, fluctuations in foreign currency rates, and the potential impact of competitive pricing. Turning to operating expenses. In 2022, our pro forma operating expenses grew 23%.

In 2023, we expect pro forma operating expense growth to be between 9% and 13%. The operating expense growth reflects investments to advance our platform capabilities, digital products, along with continued expansion into markets outside of the U.S., and spending to support regulatory clearances and clinical trials. We expect our noncash stock compensation expense to range between $610 million to $640 million in 2023. We expect other income, which is comprised mostly of interest income to total between $140 million and $160 million in 2023.

With regard to income tax, in 2022, our pro forma income tax rate was 21.8%. As we look forward, we estimate our 2023 pro forma tax rate to be between 22% and 24% of pre-tax income. That concludes our prepared comments. We will now open the call to your questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first question today comes from Robbie Marcus, representing J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.

Robbie Marcus -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Great. Appreciate it. Thanks for taking the questions. Maybe to start, the opex guide came in a lot better than expected but balance that with taking it longer to get through the regulatory cycles and bring to market with a new robot.

So, maybe you could talk about what exactly is taking longer? Are there certain trials that maybe hadn't had to be done in the past that are now being required? And is this a global regulatory lengthening of time or are there specific markets that are taking longer to come with a new robot?

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

All right. Thanks, Robbie. I think we've been sharing with you over several quarters now, in terms of new technologies and new indications, we've seen, in many of the core markets, not every single one, but many of them, additional data requirements. That changed probably four years ago, but has been playing all the way through.

So, it's not so much that the environment has changed over that period, just the implications of that. And you see that in things like SP, our SP trials, five or six years ago would have come to market differently and they're requiring some prospective human clinical work. That's not unique to SP. It really has to do with what the underlying technologies are and what new indications might be.

So, I think that is playing through relative to prior iterations of systems and features. That's true. Certainly, in the United States, we've seen with the European regulatory changes over the years, increased data requirements in Europe and then it kind of varies by country from there. In terms of opex, perhaps I'll let you ask a follow-up question for Jamie on that one.

Robbie Marcus -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Yeah. And Jamie, maybe to follow up on the opex and I'll tie in capex here because there is a good investment there for the future. Maybe talk to where you're seeing the decrease in opex, SG&A versus R&D, and where the lower spending growth rate year over year is coming from. Thanks.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. It's fair, Robbie, that we're investing differentially across the areas of investment and the functions within the company. Our priorities for '23 with respect to operating expenses to drive growth in the areas of focus, and we're being focused there. We're looking to execute some opportunities to expand markets by gaining additional clinical indications and geographical clearances.

And obviously, we want to advance our technology. Within SG&A, what you see in subsets of the G&A functions is us looking to pursue leverage as we've described. And generally, from an R&D perspective, there are some investments that, as Gary has previously referenced, we're sequencing, and that's partly motivated by the way in which headcount has expanded over, let's say, the last year or two, and we've moderated our headcount growth as described, and that gives us the opportunity to absorb some of that headcount. So, there's differential investment within SG&A and R&D.

If I look at R&D and SG&A kind of in aggregate, they're likely to grow at relatively similar rates next year.

Robbie Marcus -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Great. Appreciate you taking the questions.

Operator

Then we'll go to the line of Larry Biegelsen with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Larry Biegelsen -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. One, on your -- Gary, your new system comments and one on the industrial scale comments that you made today at JPMorgan. So, you talked about core technology changes often requiring the clinical trials and that you won't launch a multiport system in 2023.

So, Gary, my question is: a, will you start a clinical trial and a new system in '23; and b, if you did start a clinical trial, would you disclose that publicly even if the trial were outside the U.S., say, in a developing market?

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Across our systems, we are doing trials in all sorts of places for all sorts of reasons, whether it's SPI or otherwise. So, the answer there is we have some places where those are publicly disclosed per normal rules. For competitive reasons, we don't try to detail them too much, and that's the position we'll take going forward.

Larry Biegelsen -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Good. fair enough. And Gary, you talked a lot about -- you used the term industrial scale a lot recently. What does that mean exactly? And what are the implications for Intuitive financially? Thank you.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Now, I'll take what does it mean, and I'll ask Jamie to help me on detailing on the finance side. One of the things that's going on is that we are becoming well-integrated into many surgical practices in several countries. I think that's a great opportunity for us and a serious responsibility. As we've seen in the last couple of years with regard to supply chain robustness and other things, making sure that we have supply chain stability that we want vertically integrating where we can.

We have been doing that. A lot of the imaging pipeline work that we've done. We think that both gives us higher quality. It allows us to lower cost to the customer and it gives us robustness.

We can plan for that robustness. That's true not only in imaging, but in some core technologies and instruments and accessories. And we think those are good long-term investments. So that's been really positive.

There's another place where our digital tools and our digital products, one of the things that's going on that I think is powerful for the company is not just product architecture, but business architecture. And what I mean by that is that our supply chain can support multiple platforms in multiple countries around the world. It can -- by that, I mean, multiport, single-port, and Ion. Our digital products architecture also is seamless and can integrate and support those platforms.

So that gives us a great quality advantage. It gives us a leverage capability and allows us to lower the total cost for our customers and the cost to serve for our customers. Those things take some planning and some forward investment, and it can be in core technology. For example, in digital, it can be in facilities in manufacturing base so we can build our products.

But it's that opportunity. It's a global opportunity to help support the standard of care in multiple countries. So, I think that the customer advantages are quite clear. And I think the cost robustness and long-term durability advantages for the company are quite clear.

But that takes some capital investment that will play out over time. Jamie, any help you'll give?

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

I would just say industrial scale is linked to the capital expenditure plans that we've described, the $800 million to $1 billion of investment in '23. I'd just add the financial ROI calculations on those investments are relatively straightforward. And we think there are real advantages in having large, highly automated factories that run at scale and that's an advantage both for us and for our customers. So, the return calculations are relatively straightforward and they're essentially the incremental gross margin dollars we can drive from growth.

Larry Biegelsen -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

All right. Thank you very much.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Larry. 

Operator

And next, we'll go to the line of Travis Steed with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Travis Steed -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. Just curious, Gary, I mean you mentioned no new multiport platform in '23, but curious how you're thinking about upgrades to Gen 4, but that's mostly just around the software upgrades you mentioned, or if we could see something more material with capability upgrades on hardware imaging or things that bring the customer procedure down?

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. We continue to add capabilities into Gen 4. We expect to do so this year as well. Some of it will be in advanced instrumentation.

We are doing some nice work in our energy systems both on the hardware side and some of the software side, and we think there's some capability improvements that we're going to be developing over time around core imaging capability in Gen 4. So, we continue to make progress.

Travis Steed -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

OK. But not saying if anything to come to '23 or not on that front. And then while I have you, just any early comments on the capital funnel in '23. I think last year, kind of January, February time frame is when customers are evaluating budget.

So, I just want to make sure things seem fairly stable with the capital funnel.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

On the capital funnel side, what I'd say is, given the macro inputs from customers, our sense is that they are still relatively cautious. I think there's quite a bit of uncertainty still in the macro. And while, for example, staffing shortages have improved, they're still quite a bit worse than pre-pandemic levels in terms of labor costs, vacancy rates for hospitals. So, they are being careful from a financial perspective and they're cautious given macroeconomic uncertainty.

I think our experiences in the second half of '22 has been where customers are seeing nice growth in their robotics programs. Da Vinci stays as a relatively high priority in terms of their capital budgets. But beyond the fact that they're cautious, I wouldn't say there's anything specific I'd highlight in terms of '23 outlook.

Travis Steed -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

And our next question will come from the line of Rick Wise with Stifel. Please go ahead.

Rick Wise -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Hi, Gary. Starting off maybe with the new system, thank you for being so clear about your thoughts about the timing of a new system, i.e., not in '23. But at a high level, could you talk to us about your thinking about why or why not? I mean, I know obviously, the company is for your entire history, you're always thinking about what's next and getting ready for it.

But how are you -- is it the technology that you wanted to have isn't ready yet? Or this is more about competitive positioning or the difficult external environment on capital makes you hesitant to go ahead this year? Just trying to understand your thinking about it and what that might say about the future.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Thank you for the question. We think mostly about what can we do that changes the experience of surgery for the patient in terms of outcomes and the care teams in terms of how they deliver that set of outcomes. And what we can do in terms of technology basis, products and services and training that can help that happen.

That is the primary thing. That's the thing that is front and center. And we do design studies, research, usability effort, all the things you would expect for us to make progress. And then we try to advance that as quickly as reasonably we can given the environment that we're in.

We don't do too much perfection of timing about what we think the hospital capital environment is going to be. We don't -- you can imagine somebody doing that, that is not my highest motivation. I think these things are sophisticated enough and complex enough to bring to market that trying to time it perfectly with regard to the macroeconomic environment is not what we're really driven by. We work closely with our technologists who are, I think, spectacular.

We work closely with regulatory bodies around the world to understand what their needs and requirements are. And of course, we work very closely with key customers to understand whether the things we think matter. And those are the things that we really do. And once we find a pathway, then we work down that pathway.

I have to say that supply chain disruptions that have happened in the last three years have impacted not only production capability but impact new product development as well because that puts waves and ripples into what kind of items people can procure for prototypes and other forms of focus. So, there's a little bit of that in there, too.

Rick Wise -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Thank you. And just as a follow-up, just if you could expand further on your China comments, particularly related to new tender quota expectations? And I just want to make sure I'm understanding carefully or we're all understanding your thoughts or your embedded thoughts about procedure recovery as flow as the year unfolds. Thank you very much.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. I think what we're saying is we saw China procedures impacted in November. That got more severe in December, has continued so far in the early part of January, and we expect, therefore, procedures in China to be at least impacted in Q1 and perhaps beyond. And I think it's difficult for us to predict, given the relatively unique situation China is in relative to the zero COVID policy that they have had.

So, we're not making any specific predictions as to when and how that might recover. Brian laid out how that's reflected in the procedure guidance that we provided. Separately, on the quota, we're in the third year again of kind of new quota period, the last two quotas have been issued in the third year. We only use that as a historical reference, nothing more.

We don't have any particular insight as to when a new quota might come.

Rick Wise -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Thank you, Jamie.

Operator

And our next question will be from the line of Matt Taylor with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Matt Taylor -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to ask one on China. You talked about the uncertainty with refreshing the quota and then some new local competitors that are competing for tenders.

I wondered if you could kind of flesh that out a little bit and talk about any insight you have into when and how much the quota could be. And then could you give us a flavor for how competitive you think the local competitors will be to compete for the tenders in China and beyond?

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

I would just say that underlying demand for robotic technology in China, if you take a mid- and long-term view is quite strong. And our experience so far has been that surgeons care about the capability and feature set of the products that they use there. Again, we don't have any particular insight with respect to timing and size of quota. We saw the last quota we received was higher than the previous one, but we have no ability to predict that it will be larger again.

So, we'd love to be able to give you greater clarity than that. But what's the second part of your question, Matt?

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Why don't I take that one? That was a little bit about local competition and what kinds of things we're seeing. First, I think the entry of quota competitors in China is natural and should be expected. I think in some ways, it's probably a net positive in terms of how people think about the quota. That's more people advocating for the value of this in the market, it's probably a net positive over time, therefore, for market development also.

In the near term, early markets, we've seen this everywhere around the world with new systems entering -- the very early entry is different than the middle is different than the late. And the early, there tend to be a lot of placements, a lot of things around clinical trials, a lot of things around setting up early capacity that are, in some sense, not indicative of value-based or feature-based competition, and we're going to see some of that early on. And then after that wave goes through putting your clinical trial systems out, then it starts to settle down, and you see a little bit more of what the core competitive dynamics look like. So, we're really, really in the early innings with what we're seeing in China competitors.

I expect them to be active and assertive.

Matt Taylor -- Jefferies -- Analyst

OK, great. Thank you for the color.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line of Anthony Petrone, representing the Mizuho Group. Please go ahead.

Anthony Petrone -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thanks. One, on overall pricing as it relates to just the update here on the multiport system and then a follow-up on procedure volumes, specifically in the U.S. On pricing, just trying to understand the dynamics here. We have higher input costs as it relates to R&D.

There's inflation, and there's a heavy capex cycle. So, you can sort of, on the one hand, push that through the higher pricing for next-gen robot. But on the other side, we have, obviously, hospitals somewhat constrained here and Intuitive now has a licensing model. So, when we think about an elongated regulatory cycle, how does that influence the pricing strategy on the next-gen robot? And then just quickly on procedures, the lower BMI threshold, the new guideline, 40 to 35, it seems like a big deal.

Is that contemplated in the 12% to 16% procedure guidance? Thanks.

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Just with respect to pricing, I'll only comment on current products in the portfolio, as you described. What we're seeing is core costs in our supply chain, the prices we pay our suppliers, the wage costs we pay our production staff. They have gone up, and that looks sticky. We have a routine process we use to monitor pricing on an ongoing basis.

We'll continue that process. There's nothing that we would highlight at this point with respect to any specific decisions that we've made relative to pricing, but it's something that we're monitoring carefully through the existing processes that we have. With respect to your question on bariatrics and the change in BMI guidelines, I think it's really early to determine what effect, if anything, that might have in terms of the total surgical TAM for bariatrics. And so therefore, there's nothing reflected in the 12% to 16% guidance that we provided, and I wouldn't expect it to move that quickly.

By the way, in bariatrics, there are kind of real protocols patients have to go through with respect to a set of activities that they undertake before they become eligible for surgery, even with this change in guidelines.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Maybe I'd add a tiny bit on pricing and margin. On the pricing side, we look all the way across the total cost of ownership for our customers and make sure that's matched to value. So, what's the value we bring, and then what is the pricing that does that? We do that, as Jamie said, routinely, and we do it by country. It's a global look.

With regard to some of the pressures on margin, whether they're inflationary or what have you, Jamie's point, some of those are sticky. We understand the levers that we have, whether it's in design or scale or production, or other opportunities. And we're in pursuit of those. I don't think we're confused about where to go from here.

Some of them take a little while. So, some of the investments we're making, some of the automation that we talked about, some of the factory automation we're talking about, those are things that give us better control of cost over time. And so, I don't think we're confused or really caught off guard by some of the changes of the cost influence.

Anthony Petrone -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

And we have a question from the line of Shagun Singh with RBC. Please go ahead.

Shagun Singh -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Great. Thank you for taking the question. Just a clarification and then one on Ion. On the new system, you said not '23, but could we expect something in '24? Or if you have to initiate a clinical trial and depending on the size of multiport are we looking at a launch beyond the '24 timeline? Just any preliminary color would be helpful.

And then you did talk about the lowering the total cost to treat as well as expansion in different kinds of procedures. Any color beyond what you provided on the call on what kind of advancements or any look into what could allow you to achieve that in the new system? And then on Ion, I was just wondering if you could talk a little bit about the expected impact of the full set of the PRECISE two-year results. And also, any progress that you're making on indication expansion and the ablation technology. Thank you for taking the question.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. Nothing further to detail on multiport beyond what we've discussed already. With regard to opportunities for our platforms period, we have opportunities across our set. I talked to you a little bit about what we're doing in SP already.

We'll detail that more as it unfolds in 2023 as to where we see opportunity for SP to create indication expansions and to open new procedure markets for us, which we're excited about. On the Ion front, you asked a little bit about the PRECISE tier data. I don't have anything more to detail on that. Feedback from the field we have outside of that specific study has been that it's delivering on the promise.

Folks are finding that it's usable, that it is supplying the outcome that they had hoped and we're seeing that reflected in the adoption. So, we're pleased with that. With regard to ablation, we are -- as we said last quarter, we're just at the early innings of engaging customers in Europe and looking at the trial data. We're excited by it.

I think there are several indications in the lung that we'll pursue over time. We'll detail those more as we get more experience and more time. There are opportunities outside the lung, too, I want to be clear. We think those are interesting, but they're not areas of current focus.

We really think, finish the job we started. We have great engagement with pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons. We have the opportunity to continue to support them to make our products ever easier, more robust, and to move the margin structure where we want it to go. We're going to focus on that.

And then we'll move to other indications in the lung. And then from after that, we'll have earned our opportunity to do the next step. So, thank you for the questions there. That was our last question.

Shagun Singh -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Thank you.

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

In closing, we continue to believe there is a substantial and durable opportunity to fundamentally improve surgery and acute interventions. Our teams continue to work closely with hospitals, physicians, and care teams in pursuit of what our customers have termed the quadruple aim: better, more predictable patient outcomes; better experiences for patients; better experiences for their care teams; and, ultimately, a lower total cost of care. We believe value creation in surgery and acute care is foundationally human. It flows from respect for and understanding of patients and care teams, their needs, and their environment.

At Intuitive, we envision a future of care that is less invasive and profoundly better where diseases are identified earlier and treated quickly so patients can get back to what matters most. Thank you for your support on this extraordinary journey. We look forward to talking with you again in three months.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Brian King -- Head of Investor Relations

Gary Guthart -- Chief Executive Officer

Jamie Samath -- Chief Financial Officer

Robbie Marcus -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Larry Biegelsen -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Travis Steed -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Rick Wise -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Matt Taylor -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Anthony Petrone -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Shagun Singh -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

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