Sangamo Therapeutics Inc (SGMO) Q4 2020 Earnings Call Transcript

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Sangamo Therapeutics Inc (SGMO 0.87%)
Q4 2020 Earnings Call
Feb 25, 2021, 8:00 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to Sangamo Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]

I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Ms. Aron Feingold, Head of Corporate Communications. Please go ahead ma'am.

Aron Feingold -- Investor Relations

Good afternoon and thank you for joining us today. With me this afternoon on this call are several members of the Sangamo Executive Leadership Team, including Sandy Macrae, Chief Executive Officer; Mark McClung, Chief Business Officer; Jason Fontenot, Chief Scientific Officer, Rob Schott, Head of Development and Bettina Cockroft, Chief Medical Officer. Slides from our corporate presentation can be found at our website, sangamo.com, under the Investors and Media section in the Events and Presentations page.

This call includes forward-looking statements regarding Sangamo's current expectations. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to plans and highlights for Sangamo and our collaborators to conduct clinical trials and present clinical data and the potential for these data to demonstrate clinical benefit to patients; plans and time lines for bringing additional in house manufacturing facilities on launch. Our expectations regarding our financial performance and resources and other statements that are not historical fact.

Actual results may differ substantially from what we discuss today. In addition, these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that are discussed in documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, specifically in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. The forward-looking statements stated today are made as of this date, and we undertake no duty to update such information, except as required under applicable law.

On this call, we discuss a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe this measure is helpful in understanding our past financial performance and our potential future results. This is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the comparable GAAP measure. The comparable GAAP measures and reconciliations of GAAP to the non-GAAP measures discussed on this call are included in today's press release, which is available on our website.

Now, I'd like to turn the call over to our CEO, Sandy Macrae.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Aron and good afternoon to everyone on the call. I'd like to start by saying just how pleased we are with Sangamo's progress in 2020. Despite all of the challenges of the pandemic, we executed on moving product candidates forward in the clinic. We executed on strengthening our manufacturing infrastructure and bolstered our strong cash position to execute on our therapeutic pipeline.

Specifically, we initiated our Phase 1, 2 studies of our wholly owned product candidate treating Fabry disease, and together with our partner Pfizer, the Phase 3 trial of our product candidate treating hemophilia A. We entered into transformational neuroscience collaborations with Biogen and Novartis to tackle challenging diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, an autism spectrum disorder.

We brought in house AVV manufacturing capabilities online in our Brisbane, California headquarters. This is a tremendous achievement under any condition and bringing our facility on line during COVID-19 pandemic was particularly impressive and a testament to our dedicated manufacturing team.

Our research engine was also highly productive, advancing our wholly owned TX200 CAR-Treg cell product candidate and all of our partner programs. And then, we built a strong cash position, grew up primarily through upfront payments from our collaborations, and finished the year 2020 with $692 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Looking ahead to 2021, we're focused on further unlocking Sangamo's value through clinical execution. For our wholly owned programs, we expect to continue to enroll patients into our Phase 1/2 Fabry Study and present initial data by the end of 2001. We also anticipate initiating our Phase 1/2 kidney transplant rejection study in the second half of the year.

And lastly, we expect to continue to advance our proprietary manufacturing capabilities and bring our cell therapy manufacturing facilities online by the end of 2021. We believe the in house manufacturing capabilities can provide a competitive advantage with greater flexibility and quality control. Also in 2021, we expect continued momentum in our partner programs.

For example, Pfizer expects continued enrollment in our Phase 3 Haemophilia A AFFINE trial with an expected presentation of pivotal data in 2022. Additionally, Pfizer expects another update from the ongoing Phase 1/2 ultra study within the next year. Our partner, Kite expects the initiation of a clinical study of our anti-CD19 Car-T cell therapy by the end of 2021.

Lastly, we anticipate presentation of initial data by the end of 2021 from our Phase 1/2 study, evaluating our investigational sickle cell disease product candidate developed with our collaborator, Sanofi. And then, we also anticipate an update on our beta thalassemia program by the end of 2021.

I'd like to conclude my opening remarks by introducing the newest member of our executive team who joins us on the call today. Rob Schott, our Head of Development, Rob's leadership capabilities and drug development experience will help Sangamo advanced our late stage pipeline and prioritize our development efforts on programs with the highest likelihood of success and impact. He will be an instrumental leader during the year in which we anticipate several significant clinical milestones.

Effective as the beginning of this year, we also promoted Jason Fontenot to Chief Scientific Officer. Jason has contributed significantly to Sangamo in his former role as Head of Cell Therapy, and in his latest role as acting Interim Head of Research. This new rule enables Jason to continue building our heritage in genomic and cellular science. I'm very excited by the partnership between Jason and the research team, and Rob and the development team, which is designed to advance our differentiated technology to support a robust clinical pipeline.

Before I turn the call over to the team, I'd like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of all the Sangamo employees, who came into our labs to keep our research engine running, and those who progressed our business working from home. These were challenging circumstances, I'm so proud of the team's achievements.

With that, I will turn the call over to our Chief Medical Officer, Bettina who will provide additional details on our clinical accomplishments. Bettina?

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Good afternoon. As Sandy mentioned, we're very pleased with our clinical momentum in 2020, which propels us into 2021 with multiple potential clinical catalysts. At Ash 2020, we and Pfizer announced updated Phase 1/2 results from the Altra study showing sustained Factor VIII activity levels in the 3e13 vector genomes per kilogram high dose cohort through one year following giroctocogene fitelparvovec gene therapy, treating Haemophilia A.

The results for the high dose cohort showed that as of the cut-off date, giroctocogene fitelparvovec was generally well tolerated. Steady state Factor VIII activity was achieved by week nine. Mean and median Factor VIII activity remained in a therapeutic range through week 52 for all five patients, and through the longest available follow up of 82 weeks for the longest treated patient.

Specifically, from week nine to 52 group median Factor VIII activity was 56.9% and group geometric mean Factor VIII activity was 17.4% via chromogenic assay. There were no bleeding events in the first year, and only one target joint leads during the second year following vector infusion. It is important to note that these results are reflective of five patients followed for less than two years. It is also important we continue to watch these patients over time and understand the potential of its therapy when we see a larger patient sample in the Phase 3 AFFINE study, which Pfizer continues to enroll.

Regarding our Fabry program, we have dosed the first-three patients in the Phase 1/2 to start study evaluating ST-920 in Fabry disease. Following last year dosing of the first-two patients establishing the first cohort. Earlier this month. we dose the first patient in the second dose cohort. The STAAR study is evaluating the safety and tolerability of ST-920 in classical Fabry patients 18 years and older and includes old comers, both an enzyme replacement therapy ERT, ERT-naive patient or ERT pseudo naive who have not received ERT treatment in the prior six months.

Key secondary efficacy measures in this trial include alpha gale activity and assessment of GB3 and Lyso GB3 levels. We expect to present initial Fabry clinical data by the end of 2021. After we have identified adults for cohort expansion. We expect the initial readouts to include safety and tolerability measures, as well as biochemical data such as enzyme and substrate levels. We do not expect the initial readout to include kidney biopsy data, which will be collected at a later date. We look forward to continuing to keep you informed on our progress in this program.

I will now turn the call over to Mark for an overview of the financial results. Mark?

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Thank you, Bettina and good afternoon, everyone. We're pleased to share our financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2020. Beginning with our fourth quarter results, we reported a net loss of $40.7 million or $0.29 per share, compared to net income of $4.5 million or $0.04 per share for the same period in 2019.

Total revenues were $25.8 million, compared with $54.9 million for the same period in 2019. In 2019, we achieved milestones in the fourth quarter under our collaboration agreements, which included $25 million for the completion of the IND transfer for Haemophilia A and $7.5 million from Sanofi for dosing the first patient in our sickle cell disease Phase 1/2 clinical study. The expected decrease in revenues is primarily due to these milestone achievements.

As a reminder, we also earned $35 million in milestones from Pfizer. As expected in the third quarter of 2020, related firstly to the dosing of the participants in our Phase 3 AFFINE study, our gene therapy program in Haemophilia A; and second for completing our research activities in collaboration to develop genome regulation therapies for the treatment of C9ORF related ALS.

Non-GAAP total operating expenses, which excluded non-cash stock-based compensation expense was $62.6 million in the fourth quarter compared to $48.2 million in the same period in 2019. The increase in operating expenses was due primarily to headcount growth and facilities expansion to support the advancement of our clinical trials and manufacturing capabilities.

Turning to the full year 2020 results. For 2020, we reported net loss of $121.1 million or $0.90 per share, compared to a net loss of $95.4 million or $0.85 per share in 2019. Revenues were $118.2 million in 2020, compared to $102.4 million in 2019. The increase in revenues was primarily due to the recognition of upfront licensing fees under the Biogen and Novartis collaboration agreements entered into in 2020. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in revenues from our Haemophilia A collaboration agreement with Pfizer following the IND transfer in December 2019.

Non-GAAP total operating expenses were $222 million compared to $188.3 million in 2019. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to headcount growth, and facilities expansion. As mentioned in the fourth quarter operating expense discussion, these increases reflect the advancement of our clinical trials and manufacturing capabilities. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in travel, corporate costs in 2020, arising due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Moving to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with approximately $692 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. In addition to this balance in 2021, we have received net proceeds of about $15.7 million from the sale of our common stock through February 19, 2021 under our at the market offering program that we established in 2020. We believe our balance sheet remains strong and will allow us to reach several important R&D milestones, including potential filing of our BLA for Haemophilia A and potentially through its review and possible approval.

Turning to 2021 full year guidance. We expect non-GAAP operating expenses, which excluded estimated non-cash stock-based compensation expense of about $30 million to be in the range of approximately $255 million to $275 million.

I'll now turn it back to Sandy, for closing remarks.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Mark. I'd like to conclude by saying that we're very pleased with our progress made in 2020 and where we find ourselves as a company in '21. We're building momentum with our clinical execution, research engine and in-house manufacturing capabilities. And our strong balance sheet enables us to advance our R&D pipeline. We are in a compelling position to achieve several important milestones and catalysts this year and we look forward to updating you.

Operator, please open the line for question.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Maurice Raycroft with Jefferies. Your question please.

Maurice Raycroft -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi, everyone. Congrats on the progress and thank you for taking my questions. First one is on ST-920 and Fabry. So for the patients you've enrolled and treated, can you provide any additional perspective on the patient status and their backgrounds too? So I guess are they ART experienced, naive, or pseudo naive? Anything else you could say about that the patients.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So, Maurice, we're being very careful to just state often that we wouldn't give the results of the study or the characteristics until the end of the study. Because I think that's going to be easier for you to better know our product. Bettina is there anything that we can see the patients are all well.

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Thank you, Sandy. So the patients are well, we have enrolled, as I mentioned, three patients, those three patients. So cohort two enrollment is ongoing with subsequent patients. And as Sandy mentioned, we expect data will be shared toward the end of 2020 after we've completed the dose escalation part.

Maurice Raycroft -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. Thank you. And then second question is on the Kite-037 and TX-200 cell therapy programs. Just wondering if you can comment and whether there are synergies between these two programs from a manufacturing standpoint? And is there any additional insight you can provide into gating factors prior to starting the studies for both -- for one or both of the programs?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, that's an interesting question. So both are progressing. Kite Gilead have guided that they will be moving forward to IND and into clinic very soon with the CAR-T. And for the TREC program, we have said that we will dose a patient in the second half of this year and are moving forward with great momentum to there.

Your background question is more interesting. It's about what do we learn? And there are learnings across it. Jason, I wonder if you can comment about the difference between CAR-T, CAR-TREG and the learnings in what we're trying to do.

Jason Fontenot -- Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Sure. Both of these programs are very exciting. We're excited to be working with our partners at Kite. And we're also tremendously excited about our engineer TREG program. There are certainly synergies around our understanding local site engineering and the use of our finger platform in both T-cells in the type program and in TREG for our program. So I would say that's where the biggest synergies are.

As you probably know Kite is doing the manufacturing for their product and we own the manufacturing for our TREG program. And there are some real differences between TREG manufacturing compared to affect their T-cell manufacturing for CAR-T and oncology. And that's where we've really heavily invested and I think our work is paying off in building the process development and manufacturing for regulatory T-cells, which has lots of nuance and it can be quite different from CAR-T, but it's a critical part of our program and why we're so excited about it.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Mark, can you touch on the manufacturing strategy and what we're building out for the cellular manufacturing?

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Yeah. So we believe that our manufacturing capability can provide a competitive advantage. So we're building a balanced and necessary capacity to achieve our in-house manufacturing, as well as securing access through our partnerships with contract manufacturers. We're investing in manufacturing process and analytics and beginning to lay the foundation for developing a strong supply chain.

Maurice Raycroft -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Great. Well, thanks for all the perspective and I'll hop back in the queue.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Maurice.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Geoff Meacham with Bank of America. Your question please.

Unidentified Participant

Hi, guys. [Indecipherable] asking on for Geoff. Thanks for taking our questions. Just a couple quick ones from us maybe a little bit more high level, but for the -- first on the TREG technology, maybe you could talk about what these steps are from -- moving from an autologous approach to getting into the more allogeneic side? What are some of the gating factors steps for you to do to get into allogeneic? And then, I would love to get your thoughts on some of the non-AV based delivery mechanisms that have been studied for gene therapy hemophilia A. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So, Jason, we spent a large part of yesterday talking about autologous versus allogeneic. It's cutting edge science. Yes.

Jason Fontenot -- Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Yes. Thanks Sandy. Yeah. So the differences between autologous and allogeneic are many and there are two main aspects of it. One is the engineering and the biology that needs to be done to move from an autologous product to an allogeneic product, which by definition is a healthy donor's cell in a patient and we need to avoid rejection of those cells. So there's a lot of complex engineering involved there cell engineering using our dual finger [Phonetic] platform and it requires that we understand how that engineering to make themselves more immune silent is affecting their biology and making sure that we still have a potent and effective product.

And then on top of that, once you have the strategy for engineering the cells, you also have to then bring that more complex engineering strategy to a scale, which can allow delivering the medicine to patients. So both of those areas are places where we're investing a lot of effort. Yeah, those are the key places.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

And the importance of allogeneic for TREG is allows us to move into larger population diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, even rheumatoid arthritis, where the patients want treatment more urgently, and also the price point for normal treatment is different to that an oncology.

Your second question was about other treatment -- other delivery modalities and delivery is really important to us. We are based on a view at the moment, both are constantly scanning the horizon to find other ways to deliver. LNP is look encouraging. It's a complicated area. It's a complicated pattern state. It is a complicated interconnection of companies, but we are always on the lookout to find other ways to deliver, particularly beyond the liver, but also non AVV ways into the liver.

Unidentified Participant

Thanks, guys. Appreciate the color.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Nicole Germino with Truist. Your question please.

Min Bang -- Truist -- Analyst

Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking our questions. This is Min Bang [Phonetic] for Nicole. Just a quick question. I guess with the resurfacing of oncogene concerns from competitors in sickle cell, can you share your thoughts or update discussion, there have both on Sanofi on the [Indecipherable] as it contributes to oncogenesis? And should the source be traced to the conditioning step? Can you share your thoughts on forward with the program on using reduced intensity conditioning as an option or is there any other changes that a trial design that you may want to consider? Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks for your question. And it's very difficult to comment on the safety data coming from our friends at Bluebird. We know several people there -- we know they are the kind of company that does the right thing. We know that they'll be making sure that they're understanding the patient journey. We're also confident that we have not seen anything similar with our medicine, and are doing our very best to understand what it is appropriate for our patients. We and Sanofi have a great relationship. And we'll be watching, listening and learning from the discussion that goes on about what happened with Bluebird, but we feel confident that we're doing something quite different.

You asked another question about conditioning regimes. And once all of us work out a path to efficacy, I am sure that we will try and understand how to optimize conditioning rate regimes. I'm sure the technologies we're using now are the first generation. And we'll continue to learn about what the best thing to do is.

Min Bang -- Truist -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you so much.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Huidong Wang with Barclays. Your question please.

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Thank you for taking my questions. I have two sets of questions. First is regarding Fabry program. Just wondering do you have the freedom to choose the dose based on the data you've seen so far say from Cohort one to cohort to cohort three, based on the data. I mean can you choose certain dose when you dose up? And the second question is, how often do you measure Alphaga A in a substrate and as well as AV26 vector shedding?

And my second set of question is regarding the TX-200. Just wondering any additional improvements regarding the TX-200 as a construct since the completion of your TX cell acquisition, and also for the second half of this year what will be the initial data sets you will be collecting for the kidney transplant?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Gina, a lot of questions is so why don't we start with a first part around Fabry with Bettina. And then we'll come back to TX-200 and TX cell.

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Yeah. Thank you, Sandy. And thank you, Gina for the question. So for now, what we have disclosed on our dosing strategy for the three cohorts that we're looking at a low and a medium and a high dose. And that's how we are looking at our dose escalation. As of now we are, as you point out, collecting Alphaga A and substrate levels throughout the study. And we're doing that at regular frequency. And those are data that we expect to be sharing toward the end of 2021. As I mentioned earlier, we are going to be waiting for dose escalation to share that data.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

And Gina mentioned viral shedding.

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

That's right. Viral shedding as well. So we're also collecting viral shedding and we look forward to sharing that data with you as well at the appropriate time.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Bettina, that...

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Sorry go ahead.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Please go ahead.

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Sorry follow up question, yes, so just wanted to like you mentioned that the mid high, low dose, but is that fixed those? Do you have the free dose to adjust the dose accordingly? And then regarding the collecting the ball market data and also vector sharing, that's actually very interesting. I assume you will collect some kind of biopsy. So, for Alphaga A and a substrate just how often do you collect that? Are we talking about weekly or bi-weekly? Sorry once every two weeks or monthly if you can give a little bit more color in terms of frequency and also vector shedding also at what point how frequently will do the collecting the data.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, Gina, you always have such detailed questions. So the protocol allows flexibility in discussion with the safety monitor committee of the dose that we choose when we escalate. We have no and will not reveal how often we measure Alphaga A and viral shedding. We were going to put together a package once all three cohorts have been dosed so that we can share with you something that would be comprehensive and give you a chance to fully understand the effect of our meds.

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

And then you ask the second question about TX-cell, we found from the acquired TX-cell that they have gotten really good process we haven't, we continue to work on it and understand TREG's, but there's nothing fundamental that we have done since the acquisition. And that was why we acquired them because we believed in them and we believe they were good at developing TREG.

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay. So if I recall, if it's 2018, they actually was planning to enter clinical in 2019 with their existing TX-200. Just wondering what takes additional time, any additional prep or since Constra hasn't changed, what additional steps you take in order to move to the clinic. And also once you enter clinic, what kind of data if you can share a little bit more color on what type of data you'll be collecting and sharing with us.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

I don't think we ever expected to be in the clinic in 2019, I think there was a hope that we get in 2020. And the tech transfer process in the time of COVID just takes a little longer. We are now we feel in a good place. And looking forward to getting into the clinic and dosing a patient later this year. When we -- the first patient that we share the data, we will be sharing as much as we can about the biochemistry and biomarkers of own their renal function. Our ultimate hope is that the patients are able to reduce their immunosuppression, but that data will clearly be later. But the program's moving ahead and very pleased with its progress. And I look forward to showing more data with you on that next year.

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Gina.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Jan Anzu [Phonetic] with Wells Fargo Securities. Your questions please.

Jan Anzu -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking my questions and congrats on the progress. So first a few questions maybe just a couple of questions on the Fabry disease program. I think you said the second dose cohort has treated the first patient. How many patients are to be treated in a second dose cohort? And how many patients in total are in the dose escalation cohorts? And that by year end when you present data, would we see all patients from these dose escalating cohorts and any chance to see those expansions cohort as well as at year end. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Bettina?

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Yes, of course, the first cohort had two patients. And as far as cohort two and cohort three are concerned, we are expecting to dose at least two patient per cohort, we will need two patient dose in cohorts two to then move on to cohort three once we've accumulated sufficient data from those first two patients. We do have the objective of recruiting up to four patients in cohort two, and we will also have the possibility of going beyond two patients in cohort three.

Obviously, as you can imagine, the commitment to presenting data at the end of the year will be also COVID dependent, but we are confident to be able to share as things are looking right now. Data from the three cohorts after dose escalation at the end of the year, how many patients that will be -- will really be COVID dependent and whether we will have patients from the expansion cohort enrolled by that time as well. We will see.

Jan Anzu -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Got it. That's great. And then, a few questions on TX200. Great to see the program is progressing closer and closer to the clinic. Just curious about the manufacturing process. How do you purify TREG's? Is it through surface markers? And with that process, what kind of purity it can be achieved and what level of contamination with effector T-cells could be tolerated? And lastly, perhaps if you can talk about how comfortable are you with your potency assay since this is kind of a first of its kind T-cell therapy, are you comfortable with the way you measure TREG function that could be seen as OK by the regulator. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Important questions and that's the secret sauce we acquired TX-cell, their understanding and hope to purify TREG. Jason, is there anything you can say about the knowing the purity of TREG?

Jason Fontenot -- Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Yes. We -- I mean, this is a critical part of the process is obtaining a very pure population of regulatory T-cells as we go into the engineering and expansion of the cells. And so we're very confident on about the process that we've developed, we achieve extremely high purity. And in terms of the assays that we use, we have a wide variety of assays that are kind of the benchmark standard in the field for measuring regulatory T-cell function, both in vitro assays in a dish in cell culture and in animal models, that we're using all of those assays to interrogate the function of ourselves. And, obviously, we're very happy with what we're seeing. And that's why we're so excited to be moving this forward into the clinic.

Jan Anzu -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Got it. Very helpful. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Eric Joseph with J.P. Morgan. Your question, please.

Ana -- JPMorgan -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon. This is Ana [Phonetic] on for Eric. Thanks for taking our questions. Just a couple from us. First, regarding Fabry with the recent data from lentiviral mediated approaches showing pretty compelling efficacy in Fabry patients. They have been accompanied by some notable, like potential safety concerns. So with that set up would you anticipate that AAV therapies might have a lower bar to meet as it relates to efficacy?

And then also in that vein, what dynamic do you think we might expect in a market with both an AAV gene therapy and a lentiviral gene therapy for Fabry? Is there anything in your view that would prevent a patient who's received a lentiviral therapy from going on to be treated with AAV in a commercial setting? And I have another one after that.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Okay. Well, thank you. It's just -- it's easier to do them one at a time. Mark, this seems like your area.

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

So yeah, I had some difficulty hearing your questions.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So the question is the pros and cons of the approved cell therapy with Fabry versus AAV. And could you -- is there a place for both of them in the market?

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Yeah. So we think that, obviously, liver directed gene therapy delivered as at one time IV infusion, and doesn't require any preconditioning regimens would be a better option than patients having to do the preconditioning and go through the recovery system, other things like that. We also believe that in terms of where the patients are getting their treatments, there is a rationale to make sure that you can have a broad kind of distribution of the agent into the market.

I'm not the expert in terms of whether or not someone that would have the cell therapy would be a candidate. But obviously one of the things that would be important is whether they exhibit neutralizing antibodies that would make them a non candidate for the therapy. So I think we need more evidence in the clinic to see what would happen in terms of patients post the Avrobio cell therapeutic, and whether they would be candidates. We won't have that answer, obviously, through the initial phases of our ongoing clinical trial work. So it'll be something that will need to be done once they've reached the market.

Ana -- JPMorgan -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you. That's helpful. And thinking about the zinc finger technology, just wondering how we should be thinking about clinical strategy here in terms of advancement across CNS indications. And then specifically for 501, ST-501. Do you have any idea of what level of how [Indecipherable] reductions in humans was [Indecipherable] clinically meaningful benefit.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

I'm sorry, we lost the latter part of your question. Can you just repeat it again, please?

Ana -- JPMorgan -- Analyst

For ST-501 just wondering, if you have any sense of what level of tal protein or mRNA reduction would be clinically meaningful in humans?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So that's with our friends at Biogen. So they will lead that conversation. And that's why we partnered with Biogen because they are the experts in Alzheimer's, and understand the biology much more than we do. So we are delighted with the capability of the zinc finger platform. And now it's a matter of matching the technology with the right indication. We, the zinc finger itself takes you to a zip code in the genome. And then through a series of attachments, whether it is nucleases, transcription enhancers, description, repressors, base editors, that whole range of things that we can attach to it allows us to offer a unique set of capabilities that would require a collection of crisper companies to do.

Ana -- JPMorgan -- Analyst

Okay. That's helpful. Thanks for taking the question.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ritu Baral with Cowen. Your question, please.

Ritu Baral -- Cowen -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Back on your Fabry study, remind me again, what the dating protocols are for dose escalation and dose treatment. I believe there was a certain amount of follow-up that you needed for each patient before you could do stuff. I'm wondering when that gating might end such that enrollment could and treatment could increase as far as its pace. And then I'm wondering do you have a pool of screened patients or pre screened patients that you could quickly treat in order to get to a critical mass of data such that you could pick an expansion dose by the end of the year?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Bettina, do you want to try that and Rob, could you comment afterwards about the plans we have?

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Yes. So in terms of the amount of data I think we've mentioned before, we have an agency in place of safety monitoring committee that will look at data. And we need two weeks of data from two patients to move to assess the data and move to the next cohort. And yes, we do have patients pre screened and lined up. So that's why earlier on, I was mentioning that we feel pretty confident, obviously COVID permitting, to be able to reach the stage at the end of the year to be sharing data from our escalation cohort.

Rob Schott -- Senior Vice President and Head of Development

Rob here, now, less than four weeks into my journey in Sangamo, so I'll keep my comments at a higher level. We'll move as fast as we can, as the data allows, we're completely data driven, and feel the urgency about getting treatments to patients as quickly as we can as the data allows us to do that. So we're looking at this very carefully and look forward to sharing what we've learned at the end of the year.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

And we're planning for success. We're planning for expansion cohorts, Phase 3 that is one of the main focuses of the company to ensure that we're ready when this medicine hopefully works to drive forward into Phase 3. And as Rob says, get us into patients.

Ritu Baral -- Cowen -- Analyst

Two quick follow ups to that. One, what treatment duration you think that you'll have across the cohort when you pick your expansion dose and two, when you enter the expansion dose, are you going to be in a good shape, CMC wise to say that that is your final commercial product?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So when do we treat the first patient, Bettina? Bettina, we can't hear you? I think you're muted.

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

We did create the first patient in cohort one around Q3 last year. And so we will have a year's worth of follow up by the time we report out toward the end of this year for the first cohort.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

And as regards the manufacturing processes, we're continually working to improve that it's when one dose in this field. And we do not see this as something that is gating moving into Phase 3 and beyond.

Ritu Baral -- Cowen -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking all the questions.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ben Burnett with Stifel. Your question please.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel -- Analyst

Hey. Thank you very much. I wanted to ask also another question about the TX200 program. I guess how do you think about dosing in the TX200 program? And do you expect CAR-TREG cells to expand? I really just am trying to get out like what's the expectation for efficacy in low dose cohorts in the Solid Organ Transplant study. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So we never guide to -- the first dose of any study is always a balance between prudence and hoping that piece of that patient will get some benefit, but until you do the study, you don't know. Jason, TREG expansion or what happens to TREG when it's given?

Jason Fontenot -- Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Yes. Thanks, Sandy. We definitely expect the TREG to expand in the patient upon encounter with the cognate ligands for the CAR receptor that we are engineering the TREG with. So, we certainly anticipate and that by design, that when the TREG get to the tissue, where the antigen is expressed, they will be activated through their core receptor. And that will trigger them to proliferate and to acquire their immuno regulatory and suppressive properties. So that's what we expect to see. And that's what we've seen in the preclinical data that we've shown and the preclinical data that our partner Mabe Levin [Phonetic] are active in partner Mabe Levin [Phonetic] to the public. So we definitely expect expansion.

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

And if I may add something to what Jason has summarized. In terms of initiating the study this year, we do intend to initiate the study. But Similar to other genetically engineered cell therapy approaches, patients will undergo a leukapheresis procedure from which the TREG cells will be isolated and engineered and preserved. And the HLA to negative patient will subsequently undergo transplantation surgery. And then following a recovery period will receive the personalized TX200 drug candidate and so as a result of this detailed process, we expect that dosing of patients will occur several months after their enrollment. And as such dosing may be this year or next year. We're not committing to dosing his year but certainly to initiating the clinical trial this year.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel -- Analyst

Okay. Very helpful. And then I also just wanted to see if and apologies if I missed it, but if you could provide any additional color on the timeline for selecting candidates under the Novartis collaboration.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

We know their targets. They made the choice to instead of coming up with a laundry list of 10 potential targets that they would decide on three, and they shared them with us. So we know their targets and are working closely with them.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel -- Analyst

Okay. But I should have asked that differently in terms of disclosing this target, any expectation there?

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

That's Novartis is choice when they choose to disclose it.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. All right. Well, thank you very much.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Andreas Argyrides [Phonetic] with Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.

Eleana Masato -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Thank you, and good evening. Thank you for taking our question. This is Andres on for Eleana Masato [Phonetic]. Two questions. And I know, everyone's asked about Fabry. But just what can we expect from updates throughout the year? How regularly would we be getting them with daily milestone based updates on selection etc.? And then, just broadly speaking, on partnerships, and how you guys are thinking about those who've done an excellent job in the past, and how are those discussions progressing? And any thoughts on additional indications etc. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

So, thank you for your questions. We've said that we won't give any more indication of the Fabry trial, either doses or efficacy or the safety profile until we've dose all three cohorts. So it's -- it will be the end of the year before we see anything significant. Mark, do you want to talk about partnerships?

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Sure. Thanks, Sandy. So, we've had the opportunity to see multiple collaborations with blue chip pharma companies that we believe reinforce the promise of our science and our platforms. Most recently obviously, with the Biogen and Novartis deals completed in 2020. These collaborations have really important financial and strategic benefits for us. They've provided about $850 million in upfront in milestone payments. And we've got a potential across these partnerships to earn about $7 billion in milestones, in addition to royalty payments.

The way we look at partnerships is where they can bring a therapeutic or clinical experience or expertise, I should say, as well as their commercial resources to more rapidly bringing these medicines to patients, then we would look at those and in many ways, the way we take a look at this as an expansion of our R&D portfolio. So in many cases, they're coming to us with targets within disease areas that they're experts in and have identified things that our team has not even thought about applying our technology to.

So going forward, we believe that there's an opportunity to create value for the industry and more importantly, to patients. And so we'll continue to take a look at where we can address markets, leveraging our partners, resources and expertise in those areas. But we really want to underpin that we have a real focus now on creating a portfolio of products, which are wholly owned, and will allow Sangamo to take these all the way through to patients.

Eleana Masato -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Okay. Appreciate that. And Sandy, just to clarify, and then maybe I also didn't phrase the question correctly, you have provided updates on dosing the different cohorts, are we to expect to no update until data whatsoever on where the program stands etc, until the end of the year. So we won't ask any questions in the future calls etc. Just to know...

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Let me try and navigate that one. So at our quarterly calls we will tell you the progress of the study. But we won't tell you dose or results or biochemistry and those kind of things simply because we are experienced know is the story is more understandable if you can see the three cohorts and some period of data. So we want to get this to you as quickly as possible. So look forward to speaking at the end of the year.

Eleana Masato -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Okay. Much appreciate and congrats on all the progress. Looking forward to the update. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our last question comes from Debjit Chattopadhyay with Guggenheim Securities. Your question, please.

Aaron -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Hi, guys. This is Aaron [Phonetic] on for Debjit. Thanks for taking my questions. So on the Fabry program, can you talk about the types of patients you would expect to enroll in the treatment such as, are they perhaps not responsive to ERT? They have poor renal function or are there other sorts of these symptoms that may push them toward using a gene therapy, as opposed to perhaps remaining on ERT or going to ERT. And if we haven't...

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

We haven't given any detail about the type of patient. It's because it's a very -- there are several categories of Fabry patient. And what you -- the one you choose for these studies is something that each of the companies is guarding carefully and thinking about with great input from outside experts.

Aaron -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Okay. And then if you can comment at all about if you incorporate any learning into the steroids regimen being using in the Fabry trial from the Haemophilia program.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

We've learned a lot about liver function tests and use of steroids from Hemophilia and we have applied the learning to what we do in Fabry, but we haven't said what we're doing in Fabry.

Aaron -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Okay. Looking forward to finding out. All right. Thanks, guys. Thank you.

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. And this concludes our Q&A session. I would like to turn the call back to Aron Feingold for the final remarks.

Aron Feingold -- Investor Relations

Thank you once again for joining us today and for your questions. We look forward to keeping you updated on our future developments. Hope you all have a great night.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Duration: 57 minutes

Call participants:

Aron Feingold -- Investor Relations

Sandy Macrae -- Chief Executive Officer

Bettina Cockroft -- Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Mark McClung -- Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer

Jason Fontenot -- Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer

Rob Schott -- Senior Vice President and Head of Development

Maurice Raycroft -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Unidentified Participant

Min Bang -- Truist -- Analyst

Huidong Wang -- Barclays -- Analyst

Jan Anzu -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Ana -- JPMorgan -- Analyst

Ritu Baral -- Cowen -- Analyst

Ben Burnett -- Stifel -- Analyst

Eleana Masato -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Aaron -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

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