There are two primary types of life insurance: "term life" and "whole life." While both provide a death benefit, they have some important differences.
Term life insurance
Term life insurance is in effect for a set time. It pays a death benefit if the covered person dies while the policy is active. It is solely a life insurance product, with no investment component. Insurance buyers decide how large the death benefit will be, with some policies offering millions in coverage -- although policies with higher death benefits cost more.
Term life insurance is much more affordable than whole life insurance, especially for those who shop around to find coverage. Whole life premiums often cost up to four times more than a term life policy. However, term life insurance only provides coverage for the selected term, which is usually between 10 and 30 years.
If the covered person doesn't die while the policy is in effect, the policy will expire and the death benefit won't be paid. However, it's possible to buy a guaranteed renewable term policy to have the option to extend the term of coverage. Unfortunately, premiums could go up when life insurance coverage renews.
Whole life insurance
Whole life insurance remains in effect for life as long as premiums are paid. As long as it is in effect, the death benefit will be paid out.
Whole life policies also have an investment component and acquire a cash value that it's possible to borrow against or cash out. Policyholders can withdraw some of the money, borrow against the insurance policy, or surrender the policy.
Tax benefits are associated with investing in a whole life insurance policy. However, many financial experts believe it's possible to earn a better return on investment elsewhere. Buying a cheaper term life policy and investing the money saved on premiums could be the better choice in the long run.