Usually a company develops a companion diagnostic while a drug is in clinical development. For example, Aeterna Zentaris
But Seattle Genetics
Rather than thinking of Adcetris as being tardy to the party, think of it as fashionably late for an all-nighter. The drug is approved to treat relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, but the presence of CD30, which Adcetris attacks, is well-established in those lymphomas, so it isn't really necessary.
But those two indications are relatively small markets, and Seattle Genetics needs to expand into other cancer types to really drive sales. It's planning two phase 3 trials, one in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and another in CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas. Because the drug will only work on tumors that express CD30, the company needs a commercial way to screen for patients with CD30-positive lymphomas.
Beyond those two, there's potential for other tumor types as well. Seattle Genetics is running two phase 2 trials to test activity and determine CD30 expression levels in other cancer types. In one trial it's looking at non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and other, less common lymphoma subtypes. In the other trial it is looking at non-lymphoma malignancies, including multiple myeloma, leukemia, and solid tumors.
Seattle Genetics has the ability to test for CD30 levels internally or through a third party, but doing the test on a clinical-trial scale is a completely different ball game from doing it on a commercial scale -- think "house party" versus "White House gala." If Adcetris is going to be the belle of the ball, it couldn't have picked a better diagnostic escort than Roche.
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