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If you've ever researched factors affecting your credit score, you may have come across the term "credit utilization ratio." It may sound complicated, but it's a really simple idea.
In this guide, we'll explain how credit utilization works and what you need to know to keep your available credit within acceptable limits.
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Your credit utilization ratio, which is also known as your credit utilization rate, is the ratio between how much revolving credit you're currently using and how much is available to you. Revolving credit is defined as accounts with balances that can vary from month to month, like credit cards.
Statistics show that a high credit utilization ratio indicates a higher risk of default on loans, so your ratio has a huge effect on your credit score. Here's what you need to know about yours and how to make it work for you.
You calculate your credit utilization ratio on a single card by dividing your current balance by your credit limit and multiplying it by 100. So if you have a $10,000 limit and a $2,000 balance, your credit utilization ratio would be 20%.
Your credit utilization ratio on each card matters, along with your ratio across all of your credit cards. You'd calculate this number in more or less the same way. Add up all your current balances and divide this by your total credit limit across all your cards, and then multiply the number by 100.
The credit utilization rule of thumb is to keep your ratio under 30% and lower if you can. Anything over this is considered to be a high ratio, and this can hurt your credit score (as we'll explain below).
It isn't really possible to have a credit utilization ratio that's too low as long as you're using some credit. A low ratio shows that you manage your money well and you don't need to rely heavily on credit to fund your lifestyle. But if you don't use credit at all, lenders have no insight into how you'll handle borrowed money and many will deny you or require a cosigner rather than take a chance that you may default. So make sure you use some credit routinely, even if it's only a small amount. Consider charging a small expense to your credit card every month and paying it off -- for example, you can set up a regular bill, like a streaming service, to be charged to the card.
Your credit utilization ratio makes up 30% of your FICO® Score, making it the second-most important factor after payment history. It also accounts for 20% of your VantageScore, another popular credit scoring model. VantageScore considers your available credit -- your credit limit minus your current balance -- in its model as well, though this only accounts for 3% of your score.
Your credit utilization ratio can mean the difference between good credit and fair credit or fair credit and poor credit, so you must watch yours carefully. There aren't really strict credit utilization tiers beyond low and high, but usually, the lower your ratio is, the higher your credit score will be and the higher your ratio is, the lower your score will be.
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Your credit utilization ratio can fluctuate from day to day, but your credit card issuer usually only reports it to the credit bureau once per month. If you're curious about when your card issuer does this, contact it and ask when your credit utilization ratio is reported.
The once-monthly reporting can be useful to keep in mind, especially if you know you're going to use more than 30% of your credit limit during one month. You can make a payment halfway through the month and then another at the end of the month. The credit bureaus will only see your end-of-the-month balance, so your earlier spending won't affect your credit utilization ratio at all.
On the other hand, if you pay off a bunch of credit card debt partway through the month, you may have to wait a few weeks until your credit card issuer next reports to the credit bureaus to see the change in your credit score.
Once you understand how your credit utilization ratio works, you can take steps to reduce it, if necessary. Here are a few tips to do just that.
The simplest way to lower your credit utilization ratio is to switch to paying with cash when you're approaching 30% of your credit limit. This move may not appeal to everyone, as it limits your ability to earn credit card rewards.
If you find yourself routinely exceeding 30% of your credit limit, contact your card issuer to request a credit limit increase. You may have to provide updated income information and the card issuer may do a hard inquiry on your credit report, which will drop your score by a few points, but this won't matter if you're approved for the credit limit increase.
Another credit card means more available credit. If you don't increase your spending, a new high limit credit card can improve your credit utilization ratio. Here's an example to show how your utilization changes based on your available credit, even when your spending stays the same:
Card | Credit limit (available credit) | Balance | Equation | Credit Utilization Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | $2,000 | $1,000 | $1,000/$2,000 | 50% |
B | $1,000 | $1,000 | $1,000/$1,000 | 100% |
A and B together | $3,000 | $1,000 | $1,000/$3,000 | 33% |
As you can see, the best credit utilization ratio comes with carrying both cards together.
As explained above, the credit bureaus only calculate your credit utilization ratio once per month, so if you make a payment halfway through the month and again at the end, you can spend more than 30% of your credit limit and still show a low credit utilization ratio.
If you can't reduce your credit utilization ratio easily because you're carrying a balance, consider taking out a personal loan to consolidate your debt. This will get you a regular monthly payment and possibly a lower interest rate than what you were paying on your credit cards. It'll also reduce your credit utilization ratio.
Your credit utilization ratio has a major impact on your ability to take out new loans and credit cards, as well as the interest rates you're offered. Therefore, you should definitely keep an eye on yours if you're not already. If your ratio is over 30%, try the above tips to reduce it and keep it low.
These are some of the easiest credit cards to get: (for the full list, head to our guide: What is the easiest credit card to get?)
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OpenSky® Secured Visa® Credit Card |
Capital One Platinum Credit Card |
Petal® 2 "Cash Back, No Fees" Visa® Credit Card |
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Credit Rating Requirement:
Falling within this credit range does not guarantee approval by the issuer. An application must be submitted to the issuer for a potential approval decision. There are different types of credit scores and creditors use a variety of credit scores to make lending decisions.
Recommended Credit Score required for this offer is: New/Rebuilding Under(579)
New/Rebuilding Under(579) |
Credit Rating Requirement:
Falling within this credit range does not guarantee approval by the issuer. An application must be submitted to the issuer for a potential approval decision. There are different types of credit scores and creditors use a variety of credit scores to make lending decisions.
Recommended Credit Score required for this offer is: Fair (300-669)
Fair (300-669) |
Credit Rating Requirement:
Falling within this credit range does not guarantee approval by the issuer. An application must be submitted to the issuer for a potential approval decision. There are different types of credit scores and creditors use a variety of credit scores to make lending decisions.
Recommended Credit Score required for this offer is: Fair/New to Credit Under(669)
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Here are some other questions we've answered:
Despite what you may have heard, it's not beneficial for your credit to maintain a revolving balance on a credit card. Plus, you'll end up paying interest on any balance you carry month to month. Instead, use your credit cards and pay them off every month, whenever possible.
You can make as many credit card payments per month as you want. In fact, paying your card more frequently can help you avoid a situation where your monthly bill is due and it's higher than you can afford to pay off all at once.
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