Have We Reached Capitulation Yet?

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Ah -- capitulation. That time in the life of many bear markets when every single investor who's going to sell has finally thrown in the towel and sold. It's the true point of maximum pessimism, where sentiment is so bad that it literally has nowhere to go but up.

Capitulation often marks the rock bottom of a bear market, which is why so many market pundits are hoping we've either hit it or are about to get there soon. For as painful as that actual day may be, things will only get better once it passes.

Are we there yet?
It's hard to see capitulation in real time; it's usually only in hindsight that it becomes clear. Even so, it's not crazy to think we're somewhere near it.

We've had several massive sell-offs, bailouts that seem to destroy as much cash as the Federal Reserve can print, and much talk that this current meltdown is akin to the Great Depression. Yet despite all of the government responses, the stock, bond, and housing markets all remain skittish, and banks still aren't happy with the prospect of lending to one another, much less to us poor saps out in the real world.

In other words, it's pretty grim out there, but it remains to be seen whether all these nasty news stories and painful market machinations really point to capitulation -- or if there's more pain yet to come.

But one thing is abundantly clear. Whether or not things get worse, there are a lot of dirt-cheap stocks available right now.

Graham's stocks are back
Benjamin Graham, the father of value investing and the man who taught Warren Buffett how to invest, liked companies that could be bought for less than their liquidation value. In essence, if the market is treating a company as if it's worth more dead than alive, it's probably worth buying. If the business survives, it's likely worth far more than that liquidation value. If it fails, you'll likely still get more from the liquidation sale than you paid to buy the stock.

Graham perfected his strategy on the heels of the Great Depression, when such tremendous bargains were far more commonly available. The advent of modern electronic markets, computerized screening, and far easier access to capital had made opportunities like those quite scare -- that is, until the Panic of 2008.

This table shows just a handful of the Graham-like bargains currently available:

Company

Current Assets Minus Total Liabilities

(in Millions)

Market Capitalization

(in Millions)

Trailing Twelve Month Profits

(in Millions)

Ingram Micro (NYSE: IM)

$2,365

$2,201

$284

Tech Data (Nasdaq: TECD)

$1,639

$1,061

$138

Crox (Nasdaq: CROX)

$265

$200

$92

Benchmark Electronics (NYSE: BHE)

$769

$768

$90

Not only that -- the individual investor has a strong advantage right now. With the implosion of Wall Street and the constriction of the credit markets, financial institutes have shifted en masse into pure survival mode. Even if they can recognize the bargains amid the pandemonium, they can't easily take advantage of them because they can't raise cash. That gives you an opportunity the likes of which the market hasn't seen in decades.

More bargains abound
If you back away just a bit from Graham's extraordinarily strict criteria, you can find an even larger set of companies that still look tremendously undervalued. Any profitable company that trades below its tangible book value is one that's worth investigating further.

In normal circumstances, that list might include a few struggling firms teetering on the edge of oblivion. These days, though, the list includes some pretty well-known names:

Company

Tangible Book Value
(in Millions)

Market Capitalization
(in Millions)

Trailing Twelve Month Profits
(in Millions)

Discover Financial (NYSE: DFS)

$5,691

$5,278

$439

Valero Energy (NYSE: VLO)

$14,373

$10,181

$2,714

Royal Caribbean (NYSE: RCL)

$6,238

$2,447

$643

When you find companies of this caliber available this cheaply, does it really matter if they've hit rock bottom or if they might still fall a bit before recovering? The time to buy a company is when it is significantly undervalued, regardless of what the rest of the market may be doing.

Are you ready to invest?
We may be at -- or near -- capitulation, but at Motley Fool Inside Value, we're not interested in trying to call the exact bottom of the market. Instead, we're actively looking for -- and finding -- tremendous bargains right now. After all, over the long run, buying solid companies at a discount to their value matters more than whether or not you purchased them at the absolute lowest cost.

Regardless of whether capitulation is here or still off in the future, now is the time to start your bargain hunting journey. With your 30 day free trial of Inside Value, you can start nibbling now on those opportunities that are available today. Simply click here to get started.

At the time of publication, Fool contributor and Inside Value team member Chuck Saletta owned shares of Discover Financial, and his wife owned shares of Valero Energy. Discover Financial is a Motley Fool Inside Value selection. Crox is a Motley Fool Hidden Gems Pay Dirt pick. Royal Caribbean is a Stock Advisor choice. The Fool's disclosure policy is going bargain hunting on Wall Street.

Comments from our Foolish Readers

Help us keep this a respectfully Foolish area! This is a place for our readers to discuss, debate, and learn more about the Foolish investing topic you read about above. Help us keep it clean and safe. If you believe a comment is abusive or otherwise violates our Fool's Rules, please report it via the Report this Comment Report this Comment icon found on every comment.

  • Report this Comment On November 11, 2008, at 4:49 PM, Brettze wrote:

    Chuck

    You appears not to be intelligient enough to appreciate the impact of $145 oil barrels.. Americans and others round the world are too shellshocked by the oil prices to shake it off.. We are still too wary of going back to business as usual because we are so certain to see oil prices going back up the instant we start spending again... it is a repeatable threat that suddenly grew big so fast this time. We are now looking around for alternate sources of energy while holding Big Oil at bay... We are seeing nothing else ...

    We stopped investing in solar stocks simply because oil prices had fallen down at least temporarily. We are not sure about keeping up with solar stocks as their revenues are not keeping up with the fresh billions of dollars we had poured in them. When was the last time we hear about an expansion in production of solar modules. We are not familar with the jargon associated with solar industries like gigawatt-hours for example. Or how many watts can an average two by four foot solar module generate a hour. How many modules do we need to produce to create a comfortable buffer between Big Oil & Coal and ourselves.. We instinctively know that we need the imaginable buffer to maintain or improve our energy independence from oil tankers steaming from the Middle East and elsewhere.

    Any typical American is still not well informed about solar energy. Really, our sun is probably the only nuclear powerplant we need, but do many Americans know that our Sun is an actual nuclear phenomenon? maybe we need to recategorize solar products under nuclear energy to better familarize ourselves with the so called nuclear energy?

    This can go on and on.. , yet we keep on hearing useless bombardments of bull steer incoming from those Wall Street hacks like whether GM and Ford should go under or what?

    What is the No. 1 issue facing us?? Gay marriage? Iraq War? Foreclosures? How about going all out on a warpath toward the first TERAWATT/HOUR SOLAR/WIND POWERPLANT? OR EVEN QUADWATT SOLAR/WIND POWERPLANT?

    LETS START TOMORROW OR WHAT?? What is in your wallet???

  • Report this Comment On November 12, 2008, at 12:24 AM, TMFBigFrog wrote:

    Hi Brettze,

    .

    I'm not quite sure what this discussion has to do with this article, but since you brought it up...

    .

    I am an electrical engineer by training, and I am a member of IEEE -- the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. I also happen to have a keen interest in environmentally friendly building designs. In fact, I sit on the "Green Committee" for the local Red Cross' new headquarters building and am working to try to assure it can be LEED certified (in fact, we're shooting for silver certification).

    .

    Personally, I love the concept of solar power, but the technology is simply nowhere near cost effective for large regions of the country. Not only do you have the cost of purchasing, installing, and maintaining/repairing the solar setup, but there's a significant reliability problem with solar power, too.

    .

    On average, it's dark 12 hours a day. And even when it's not dark, it may be cloudy, raining, or snowy. Plus, solar cells are usually rated based on direct exposure to peak sunlight. In in the real world, space constraints, obstructions, the weather, and building orientation mean the cells will likely rarely reach that level.

    .

    If you want to go completely solar, engineering around those issues often ranges between "impossible" and "prohibitively expensive." At least around here, you can nearly always get far more bang-for-the-buck through energy conservation efforts than through trying to produce more power through solar power.

    .

    Perhaps in a few years the technology may improve enough so that the true total cost of solar power becomes either competitive with grid power or at least reasonable enough so that ordinary people who would like to go solar but still have families to feed can justify the cost.

    .

    Best regards,

    -Chuck

  • Report this Comment On December 03, 2008, at 5:44 PM, TicoHombre wrote:

    Chuck,

    Thanks for handling his insulting tone with wonderful dignity. He kinda stepped right into that one.

    What are your thoughts on Wind power as a viable, renewable, clean source of energy? While you dealt nicely with the solar power issues, any reference to wind was conspicuously absent.

    Thanks,

    TH

  • Report this Comment On December 03, 2008, at 10:50 PM, TMFBigFrog wrote:

    Hi TH,

    I see from your profile (and assumed from your user ID) that you're from Costa Rica. I've traveled to your wonderful country many times, and I've always enjoyed it. The weather is wonderful, the people are friendly, and my very broken Spanish is often good enough to get around, especially since so many of the folks in your country speak far better English than I do Spanish.

    Regarding wind power, I think its engineering problems are easier to solve than solar's, but it seems to have other issues that's keeping it from widescale adoption.

    The first is a "NIMBY" (Not In My Back Yard!) factor. Solar panels can be easily integrated with building architecture to be made virtually indistinguishable. Wind turbines, on the other hand, stick out like a sore thumb, take up a significant amount of space, and are not silent. That might be fine in rural areas, but in urban or tight suburban ones, NIMBY concerns often keep tubines away.

    The second is maintenance and ongoing cost. While they've gotten significantly more reliable over the years, wind turbines still have moving parts that need to be maintained and/or can break or wear out. And in fact, if there's too much wind, turbines often need to be shut down to avoid damage. This means that there are still investments and work after the initial capital outlay, so the power isn't "free" after installation.

    The third is that to reach consistent and strong enough wind speeds to provide usable power, wind turbines often need to be very tall and/or in wide open places. That's a physical limitation on their usefulness in densely populated areas, as well as an increase in the area affected by NIMBY concerns.

    All told, I think wind turbines are stronger candidates for realistic, wide-scale power generation today, but when the technology becomes cost-effective, solar will be far more easily adopted. If you (or anyone, for that matter) offered me a free alternative energy system to power my current home, I'd choose solar over wind. If I lived on the farm my grandparents used to own, on the other hand, I'd be much more likely be willing to put up a wind turbine or two...

    Best regards,

    -Chuck

  • Report this Comment On December 05, 2008, at 3:55 PM, TicoHombre wrote:

    Chuck,

    Thanks so much for the response! Actually, I'm a foreigner here like you, except that my wife and I have chosen to live here. California (Silcon Valley) born and bred. We have 2 years under our belts here in San Isidro, Perez Zeledon. Spanish isn't too bad, and we get along very well with the beautiful people here.

    As to wind energy, I'm invested in APWR. It's a hedge to my oil investments. Some of the concerns and factors slowing wide scale adoption are ones I certainly hadn't considered. I do believe there's enough wind belts around the world to allow plenty of adoption without offending the masses as power is extremely transportable and doesn't necessarily need to be in most people's backyard. Hopefully the technology and maintenance problems can be minimized as time goes on.

    Thanks again for the comments!

    I look forward to reading more future articles.

    TH

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