Recs

3

The Automatic 401(k) vs. the IRA

Watch stocks you care about

The single, easiest way to keep track of all the stocks that matter...

Your own personalized stock watchlist!

It's a 100% FREE Motley Fool service...

Click Here Now

As tough as times have been for workers trying to save for retirement, there's at least one piece of good news. Increasingly, employers are automatically signing up their employees to participate in company-sponsored retirement accounts such as 401(k) plans.

It might seem insulting that your employer would sign you up for a 401(k) instead of asking you to do it yourself. But the sad truth is that when it's up to us to take action, many of us don't -- and our futures will suffer for it. So if you ask me, I say hooray for automatic enrollment!

Proving my point, The Washington Post reported last year that "[a]bout one-third of eligible workers do not participate in their employers' 401(k)-type plans, according to the Labor Department. Studies have shown that automatic enrollment could reduce that rate to less than 10%."

Targeted funds
You may reasonably ask at this point just how an employer might invest this money of yours that's being diverted into a 401(k) account. Well, it can choose from customized portfolios and funds that balance stocks and bonds. A popular option is likely to be "target-date" or "life-cycle" funds.

A target-date mutual fund is designed around a specific retirement date, with its investments chosen accordingly. The Vanguard 2025 (VTTVX) fund, for example, is for those who plan to retire in 2025. It recently had 77% of its assets in stocks and 23% in bonds and cash (along with a 3.5% dividend yield); its Vanguard 2045 (VTIVX) counterpart had 89% in stocks and 11% in bonds and cash (and a 3.2% yield). Each fund shifts your assets as you get older, adding more bonds in later years.

Target-date funds tend to invest in a handful of other funds from the family's lineup. The Vanguard 2025 fund, for example, recently had 62% of its assets in Vanguard's Total Stock fund, 8% in its European Stock fund, and 3% in its Emerging Markets fund. That gives you exposure to lots of different types of companies:

Fund

5-Year Annualized Return

Holdings Include

Total Stock (VTSMX)

(37%)

Procter & Gamble (NYSE: PG  ) ,

Chevron (NYSE: CVX  ) ,

AT&T (NYSE: T  )

European Stock (VEURX)

(44.7%)

BP (NYSE: BP  ) ,

Novartis (NYSE: NVS  )

Emerging Markets (VEIEX)

(52.8%)

Petrobras (NYSE: PBR  ) ,

America Movil (NYSE: AMX  )

Source: Morningstar.

Of course, over the past year, you might have wished your employer would just leave your money in a cash fund. But while "safe" options do better in bear markets, they aren't likely to help workers build substantial (and necessary) nest eggs over time.

IRA matters
So, should you invest all your available dollars in your 401(k), or should you invest in an IRA? There's no single best answer for everyone, I'm afraid. For many people, the best choice might be to use both.

One factor to consider is what you expect your future income tax rate to be. By using a 401(k) or traditional IRA, you get your taxes deferred on your contributions, and you'll pay them in retirement. If your rate is lower then (probably due to a lower income level), it makes sense to invest significantly in these vehicles.

If your rate is lower now than you expect it to be later, a Roth IRA can be extra attractive, as it has you pay your taxes upfront, then you enjoy tax-free withdrawals in retirement. (Learn much more about IRAs here.)

Of course, how on earth can we know what our incomes will be in 10, 20, or 30 years, much less what the prevailing income tax rates will be? That's why it is smart to hedge your bets a little. (Note: One detail that can sway your decision is whether your company offers to match any of your 401(k) contributions to some degree. If it does, it's usually smart to grab as many of those matching dollars as you can: They are free money.)

Prepare for your golden years
I encourage you to take advantage of a free trial of our Rule Your Retirement newsletter service. It's prepared by Robert Brokamp, a smart and witty guy who distills all of what you need to know into a manageable volume each month.

A free trial will give you full access to all past issues, allowing you to gather valuable tips and even read how some folks have retired early and well. Robert regularly offers recommendations of promising stocks and mutual funds, too.

The following articles may also be of interest:

Best Odds in the Universe!
If you're interested in a 98.79% chance at beating the market... and a 70.84% chance at DOUBLING the market's return – Motley Fool Supernova could be just what you're looking for. And get this: We arrived at these odds from 10,000 random back-tested portfolios composed of Motley Fool Co-founder David Gardner's personal stock picks.

It's why David recently handpicked a small team of world-class portfolio managers. You see, he thinks these odds can get even better! And he'd like to prove it to you...

Simply enter your email address. And the answer to the question everybody is asking will be delivered to your inbox!

This article was originally published on Jan. 14, 2008. It has been updated by Dan Caplinger, who doesn't own shares of the companies mentioned. America Movil is a Motley Fool Global Gains selection. Petrobras is a Motley Fool Income Investor pick. The Fool owns shares of Procter & Gamble. Try any of our investing services free for 30 days. The Motley Fool is Fools writing for Fools.


Comments from our Foolish Readers

Help us keep this a respectfully Foolish area! This is a place for our readers to discuss, debate, and learn more about the Foolish investing topic you read about above. Help us keep it clean and safe. If you believe a comment is abusive or otherwise violates our Fool's Rules, please report it via the Report this Comment Report this Comment icon found on every comment.

  • Report this Comment On March 03, 2009, at 3:57 PM, mbowes120 wrote:

    This is great info... Thanks for the post. I have had issues find good info like this. I founf another post but not nearly as detail...

    Traditional IRA Traditional vs. Roth

    http://www.ira401k.info/traditional-ira-taditional-vs-roth.h...

  • Report this Comment On March 10, 2009, at 8:37 AM, tromancer wrote:

    I have learned some very unsettling realities when it comes to all government sponsored retirement vehicles. First of all let me say I have invested heavily in such personal retirement accounts. Now let me say, if I could do it all over again, I wouldn't invest one dime in such accounts. I have managed my accounts well and have not lost even one penny's worth of value with the meltdown. But what I have learned during this process is that, thanks to my employer, I came close to losing greater than 55 percent of my investments. My employer is a state university and they gambled with my retirement. When I discovered their little secret, I wanted to get total control of my money since there were no real safe harbors for my investments given the underhandedness of the office of the treasurer. Here is what I learned. If I wanted to liquidate my investments to cash, just to protect my money, I was going to pay dearly. Listen closely to this and give it much thought before you put any money into a government sponsored personal retirement account. I was told by the funds manager that if I liquidated my 403b I would immediately have to pay a 20% minimum tax (I understand that). Then I was told I have to pay the federal government a 10% early withdrawl penalty (for what?) on top of that, I would have to pay the state an additional 10% early withdrawl penalty (again for what?). And the kicker is, I would have to pay the additional taxes on the total amount liquidated, including the 20% that was taken by the governments. So here is how it really works out. Let's say I wanted to liquidate $200,000.00 to protect my money. By the time the government is done with me, I will be lucky if I get $100,000.00. All of this to protect my money from the same government agencies that are mis-managing the money. Listen America, any time you put your money into an account that punishes you dearly if you want your money back, even if it is because your money is being mismanaged, you are screwed. I quit putting any money into retirement accounts and have learned to save my money and keep it away from the federal and state governments. If I have learned anything, it is they are the greatest threat to your money. The less they know about the location and amount of money you have saved the safer your money is. Never fall for the sales pitches they throw at you to put your money into accounts they, in fact, control. They are the greatest threat to your money. They give you peanuts in tax deferral and charge you an arm and a leg if you want to get your money back. Learn to save your own money. At least you will have it, tax free if you need it. Now they are trying to make you auto enroll in a personal retirement account. Yes, you can opt out (now). But I can almost guarantee that at some time in the future, you will not be able to opt out once they change the law. Then they will dictate how much you must contribute to your accounts and they will manage your money and if you want it back, they will financially rape you without as much as a kiss. You see, the money goes into their coffers one way or another. Once they have it, it is their's and they are not going to give it back to you. The biggest risk to your money is letting Uncle Sam know where it is and he can do whatever he wants with it at his will. Learn to save on your own and keep control over your own savings. The government is the greatest risk to your financial health and future.

Add your comment.

Compare Brokers

Fool Disclosure

DocumentId: 818963, ~/Articles/ArticleHandler.aspx, 2/15/2012 4:19:31 AM

Report This Comment

Use this area to report a comment that you believe is in violation of the community guidelines. Our team will review the entry and take any appropriate action.

Sending report...

Today's Market

updated 6 hours ago Sponsored by:
DOW 12,878.28 4.24 0.03%
S&P 500 1,350.50 -1.27 -0.09%
NASD 2,931.83 0.44 0.02%

Create My Watchlist

Go to My Watchlist

You don't seem to be following any stocks yet!

Better investing starts with a watchlist. Now you can create a personalized watchlist and get immediate access to the personalized information you need to make successful investing decisions.

Data delayed up to 5 minutes

Related Tickers

2/14/2012 4:00 PM
PBR $29.03 Down -1.11 -3.68%
Petroleo Brasileir… CAPS Rating: ****
PG $64.48 Up +0.25 +0.39%
The Procter & Gamb… CAPS Rating: *****
T $30.07 Up +0.03 +0.10%
AT&T CAPS Rating: ***
NVS $56.33 Down -0.21 -0.37%
Novartis CAPS Rating: *****
AMX $23.44 Down -0.27 -1.14%
America Movil CAPS Rating: *****
BP $46.47 Down -0.90 -1.90%
BP p.l.c. (ADR) CAPS Rating: ****
CVX $106.49 Up +0.11 +0.10%
Chevron Corp CAPS Rating: *****

Advertisement