Wildfire Insurance Statistics

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KEY POINTS

  • Between 10% and 12% of homes in Montana, Idaho, Colorado, and Nevada are at high to extreme wildfire risk.
  • Sixty-five thousand wildfires burned 8.9 million acres across the United States in 2024.
  • In California, some insurers are unwilling to cover homes they deem to be in high fire-risk zones. In that case, fire insurance can be purchased through the state.

Millions of homes are at risk of wildfires, which are becoming more intense and impacting larger areas due to climate change.

Armed with facts about wildfire risk, homeowners can make better informed decisions about where to buy a home and what type of insurance to seek.

Homeowners insurance generally covers fire damage, although insurers are no longer willing to cover homes in certain extremely high-risk areas.

Read on for a roundup of the areas most at risk of wildfire damage and tips for shopping for homeowners insurance with wildfires in mind.

Fire insurance and risk statistics by state

Montana, Idaho, Colorado, and Nevada have the highest percentage of homes at high and extreme risk of wildfire damage, according to Verisk, a risk assessment firm.

Montana also has the lowest percentage of homes at negligible wildfire risk -- meaning a higher proportion of homes in the state are at some risk of a wildfire than any other state.

State Negligible Low Moderate High to Extreme
Arizona 71% 13% 12% 5%
California 80% 5% 7% 8%
Colorado 70% 11% 9% 10%
Idaho 78% 4% 7% 11%
Montana 49% 24% 15% 12%
Nevada 54% 22% 14% 10%
New Mexico 83% 9% 5% 3%
Oklahoma 53% 30% 12% 5%
Oregon 80% 6% 10% 4%
Texas 56% 22% 16% 6%
Utah 77% 10% 7% 6%
Washington 84% 6% 8% 2%
Wyoming 56% 27% 12% 5%
Data source: Verisk (2025).

Wildfire risk by county

Six of the top 10 and four of the top five counties most at risk of wildfires according to FEMA are in California.

These counties have the highest wildfire risk, per FEMA:

County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
San Diego, CA 252,500 100.00
Riverside, CA 79,400 99.97
San Bernardino, CA 112,700 99.94
Los Angeles,CA 434,400 99.90
Elko, NV 4,100 99.84
Pima, AZ 43,900 99.75
Maricopa, AZ 54,800 99.71
Yavapai, AZ 36,500 99.62
Jefferson, CO 43,000 99.4
Coconino, AZ 18,200 99.3
Data source: FEMA (2023).

Los Angeles County has the most homes at risk of wildfire damage, just over 434,000, according to Verisk.

Some 253,000 homes are at risk of wildfires in San Diego County, and 113,000 are at risk in San Bernardino County.

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Arizona

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Arizona Maricopa 54,800 99.71
Arizona Pima 43,900 99.75
Arizona Yavapai 36,500 99.62
Arizona Gila 23,500 99.27
Arizona Coconino 18,200 99.3
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in California

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
California Los Angeles 434,400 99.90
California San Diego 252,500 100.00
California San Bernardino 112,700 99.94
California Riverside 79,400 99.97
California Alameda 78,300 96.18
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Colorado

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Colorado Jefferson 43,000 99.4
Colorado Larimer 38,300 96.69
Colorado Boulder 24,600 96.72
Colorado El Paso 22,400 98.19
Colorado Summit 20,600 97.17
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Idaho

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Idaho Kootenai 38,500 57.56
Idaho Ada 18,200 99.11
Idaho Bonner 16,200 78.52
Idaho Bannock 9,900 95.86
Idaho Blaine 7,400 92.4
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Montana

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Montana Flathead 24,600 94.15
Montana Missoula 17,400 95.55
Montana Gallatin 14,700 89.63
Montana Lewis and Clark 11,700 88.96
Montana Silver Bow 9,100 76.33
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Nevada

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Nevada Washoe 40,500 97.65
Nevada Douglas 7,900 96.12
Nevada Carson City 6,400 87.18
Nevada Elko 4,100 99.84
Nevada Lyon 2,300 95
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in New Mexico

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
New Mexico Santa Fe 25,700 98.28
New Mexico Bernalillo 12,700 86.35
New Mexico Lincoln 12,000 98.54
New Mexico Taos 8,800 95.9
New Mexico Doña Ana 8,700 84.47
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Oklahoma

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Oklahoma Tulsa 13,000 94.21
Oklahoma Oklahoma 12,600 84.92
Oklahoma Delaware 8,600 93.35
Oklahoma Cherokee 8,300 96.56
Oklahoma Cleveland 7,700 83.74
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Oregon

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Oregon Jackson 31,900 96.5
Oregon Deschutes 21,200 98.12
Oregon Josephine 20,100 97.36
Oregon Douglas 12,100 96.12
Oregon Klamath 6,300 85.05
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Texas

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Texas Travis 83,800 93.29
Texas Bexar 48,500 95.23
Texas Bell 28,100 93.22
Texas Williamson 24,700 94.18
Texas Hays 22,600 92.01
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Utah

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Utah Salt Lake 35,100 99.24
Utah Summit 17,100 97.17
Utah Utah 16,200 82.96
Utah Davis 8,400 87.88
Utah Weber 8,200 93.38
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Washington

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Washington Spokane 44,900 94.65
Washington Chelan 15,900 99.17
Washington Stevens 12,900 93.76
Washington Kittitas 10,800 98.57
Washington Yakima 9,900 98.60
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Top counties at risk of wildfires in Wyoming

State County Homes at Risk of Wildfire Damage FEMA Wildfire Risk Score
Wyoming Teton 5,900 89.31
Wyoming Natrona 5,100 90.2
Wyoming Park 3,300 92.11
Wyoming Albany 3,100 80.43
Wyoming Sheridan 3,000 86
Data source: FEMA (2023), Verisk (2022).

Wildfire statistics by state

A map showing the amount of acres burned and number of wildfires per state.

Sixty-five thousand wildfires burned 8.9 million acres across the United States in 2024, according to the National Interagency Fire Center.

Nearly 1.8 million acres burned in Oregon alone, making it the state with the largest wildfire area. 1.3 million acres burned in Texas and nearly 1.1 million burned in California.

California experienced the most wildfires, with 8,316 burning in the state in 2024. There were 4,967 wildfires in Texas and 4,668 in North Carolina.

State Fires Acres
Alabama 1,525 20,978
Alaska 377 667,075
Arizona 2,191 282,989
Arkansas 1,219 25,444
California 8,316 1,081,144
Colorado 894 60,539
Connecticut 356 339
Delaware 23 137
Florida 2,348 65,618
Georgia 2,492 11,896
Hawaii 90 452
Idaho 1,450 996,762
Illinois 47 441
Indiana 64 154
Iowa 362 3,965
Kansas 41 22,217
Kentucky 957 24,448
Louisiana 385 9,058
Maine 653 295
Maryland 174 965
Massachusetts 1,299 4,622
Michigan 447 2,062
Minnesota 1,123 15,125
Mississippi 1,800 55,880
Missouri 2,804 95,095
Montana 2,323 352,491
Nebraska 1,035 113,850
Nevada 929 70,410
New Hampshire 130 127
New Jersey 1,443 12,449
New Mexico 823 82,531
New York 125 6,496
North Carolina 4,668 18,233
North Dakota 935 173,237
Ohio 1,107 2,441
Oklahoma 3,041 383,592
Oregon 2,232 1,797,796
Pennsylvania 1,448 3,792
Rhode Island 73 75
South Carolina 50 634
South Dakota 675 35,809
Tennessee 596 7,771
Texas 4,967 1,314,903
Utah 1,211 90,417
Vermont 97 180
Virginia 742 56,372
Washington 1,806 275,593
West Virginia 1,104 55,309
Wisconsin 1,162 2,597
Wyoming 738 620,069
Data source: National Interagency Fire Center (2025).

Wildfire statistics by year

While the number of fires occurring each year has held relatively steady since 1985, the amount of acres impacted has steadily increased.

  • The average amount of acres burned each year from wildfires from 1983, when the National Interagency Fire Center began collecting data, to 1989 was about 2.5 million.
  • From 1990 to 1999, the average number of acres burned annually grew to 3.3 million.
  • In the 2000s, average acreage impacted by wildfires each year skyrocketed to 6.9 million.
  • Roughly 6.8 million acres burned annually on average in the 2010s.
  • From 2020 to 2024, 7.3 million acres have been impacted by wildfires on average each year.

California fire insurance

State Farm and Allstate made headlines in 2023 when they announced they would no longer offer new homeowners insurance applications in light of growing wildfire risks and the potential insurance costs that come with it.

With homeowners in California, particularly those in fire-prone areas, facing few or no homeowners insurance options, the state in 2020 set up a state-run homeowners insurance pool, the California Fair Access to Insurance Requirements plan, or FAIR.

Homeowners can receive basic fire insurance through FAIR when they are unable to get that coverage from insurance companies. In 2022, 272,846 homes enrolled in FAIR.

California is not the only state to have an unsettled insurance market due to natural disasters.

Three-fourths of insurance carriers have lowered their exposure in Colorado after severe wildfires, according to a study from the Colorado state government.

Louisiana and Florida homeowners also struggle to find affordable homeowners insurance or any coverage at all due to hurricane and flood risks made worse by climate change.

Now, over 30 states and Washington D.C. offer FAIR Plan policies, although most cover a relatively small amount of properties. The states that insure the most homes via FAIR Plan policies are Florida, California, North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Louisiana.

How to get insured for wildfires

Homeowners in wildfire-prone areas can take the following steps to get insured and prepared.

  • Check if your homeowners insurance policy currently covers fire damage. In most cases it will, but not always, especially for homeowners in high-risk areas.
  • If your plan does not cover fire damage, consider purchasing standalone fire insurance.
  • For homeowners in California, if fire insurance is not available through a private insurer, apply for coverage through the FAIR Plan.


FAQs

  • Homeowners insurance generally covers fire damage. In some areas that are extremely prone to wildfires, fire damage may be excluded and must be purchased separately.

  • Wildfire season runs from May through October, although the definition has become looser due to climate change contributing to wildfire conditions outside of those months.

  • Almost 85% of wildfires in the United States are started by humans through unattended campfires, debris burning, equipment use, discarded cigarettes, and arson.

    Lightning is a leading natural cause of wildfires.

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