Image source: The Motley Fool.
Activision Blizzard Inc (ATVI)
Q1Â 2019 Earnings Call
May. 02, 2019, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Operator: Good day, and welcome to the Activision Blizzard Q1 2019 Earnings Conference Call.
At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to Mr. Chris Hickey, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Chris Hickey -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us today for Activision Blizzard's First Quarter 2019 Conference Call. With us are Bobby Kotick, CEO; Coddy Johnson, President and COO; and Dennis Durkin, company CFO and President of Emerging Businesses. And for Q&A Rob Kostich, President of Activision; J. Allen Brack, President of Blizzard; and Humam Sakhnini, President of King will also join us.
I'd like to remind everyone that during this call, we be making statements that are not historical facts. The forward-looking statements in this presentation are based on information available for the company as of the date of this presentation. And while we believe them to be true, they ultimately may prove to be incorrect. A number of factors could cause the company's actual future results and other future circumstances to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. These include the risk factors discussed in our SEC filings, including our 2018 annual report on Form 10-K and those on the slide that is showing. The company undertakes no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after today May 2, 2019.
We will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures during this call. We provide non-GAAP financial measures which exclude the impact of expenses related to stock-based compensation; the amortization of intangible assets and expenses related to acquisitions including legal fees costs expenses and accruals; expenses related to debt financings and refinancings; restructuring and related charges; and the associated tax benefit of these excluded items.
These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from as a substitute for or superior to our GAAP results. We encourage investors to consider all measures before making an investment decision. Please refer to our earnings release, which is posted on www.activisionblizzard.com for a full GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation and further explanation with respect to our non-GAAP measures.
There's also an earnings presentation which you can access with the webcast and which will be posted to the website following the call. In addition, we will also be posting financial overview highlighting both GAAP and non-GAAP results.
And now I'd like to introduce our CEO, Bobby Kotick.
Robert A. Kotick -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Chris, and thank you all for joining us today. Our first quarter results exceeded our prior outlook reflecting strong operating discipline. We are refocusing our resources on our biggest franchises to deliver the operational excellence for which we are known. As we outlined last quarter, we are increasing our focus and investment on our biggest franchises in order to better execute and unlock their great potential.
In prioritizing our franchises and the communities of players invested in these franchises, we're staying true to the approach that drove our company's long-term success, doing a few things very, very well. We're continuing to selectively invest in new potential franchises, but our focus is innovation with improving franchises of which we have many.
In today's content landscape, our franchise-focused approach is more relevant than ever. Gamers are playing fewer games longer, creating and sustaining new franchises remains one of the most difficult tasks in the entertainment industry and only proven teams that have the vision, talent, scale and resources to create market break out new intellectual properties and there are even fewer of those teams that have the capabilities to sustain those games over time and meet players' ever-increasing demands for ongoing features services and content.
We're very fortunate to own some of the most enduring and popular global franchises supported by some of the very best teams in the world. Well over 0.5 billion users have played Candy Crush over the seven years since the franchise launched. Call of Duty recently passed its 15th anniversary and is one of the most successful entertainment franchises of all time with cumulative sales exceeding 300 million games. Over watching Diablo have tens and tens of millions of players and this year the Warcraft franchise celebrates its 25th birthday. Over a quarter of a century massive numbers of players have engaged in Warcraft, World of Warcraft and Hearthstone experiences.
We expect to enjoy the dual tailwinds of strong industry growth and company-specific opportunities is that we have crafted for our own intellectual properties. There are more gamers than ever before and more ways for gamers to interact with our franchisers than ever before. We have clear opportunities to grow the reach, engagement and monetization of our franchises including through some very new business models. We have vast experience in all business models including free-to-play and we are continually evaluating the most effective models to all of our games.
In addition to this opportunity for our core business, we have company-specific growth opportunities as we add new engagement and monetization models to our franchises including eSports, in-game advertising and digital consumer products and we're making great progress in these areas.
In eSports this quarter we launched the 2019 season for the Overwatch League with an expanded roster of 20 teams and strong growth in viewership with hours this season up more than 20% year-over-year. Leading brands continue to recognize the opportunity to engage a hard-to-reach demographic deeply immersed in the highest eSports experiences and in the content that has the highest production value.
We're very pleased to add Anheuser-Busch InBev, Coca-Cola and State Farm to our roster of blue-chip sponsors in the last three months. One of the critical building blocks of the Overwatch League is the city-based model with team owners around the world building fan communities who share the passion of supporting their local teams. In Q1, we announced the teams will compete in home and away matches around the world beginning in 2020.
Highlighting the excitement and atmosphere of this next phase of the Overwatch League last weekend Dallas Fuel hosted the league's first home games in front of the cellar crowd of thousands of fans, who saw them compete against the Los Angeles Valiant and the Houston Outlaws.
Following the blueprint, we established and validated with the Overwatch League we've now started the team sales process for our professional Call of Duty eSports league, and we're seeing strong demand for teams.
We've already sold five franchises. We have secured exceptional owners for each of Atlanta, Dallas, New York, Paris and Toronto, and in each case, we're partnering with existing Overwatch League team owners, who have first hand experience of our eSports vision and capabilities, and recognize the scale of the opportunity for the global city-based Call of Duty league.
We look forward to announcing more details around these cities and other team sales in the coming months. As always, we're grateful for the support of our employees, our players, our partners and our shareholders.
And now, Coddy will review the highlights of our operations for this quarter with you.
Coddy Johnson -- Chief Operating Officer
Thank you, Bobby. Focus and operating discipline enabled Activision Blizzard to outperform our first quarter outlook. Strong performance for Candy Crush, better than expected sales for securon (ph) and favorable cost timing were key factors driving upside.
We also continue to reposition the business to take advantage of our future growth opportunities. So before diving into the specifics of our quarterly results, I'd like to update you on some of the most important steps, we've been taking since our last call.
As a reminder, we have four key long-term strategic growth drivers: first, a strong cadence of major content releases where we meet the growing demand of the industry's gaming communities and release our high-quality content more frequently; second, robust live operations where we make sure we deliver great content, services, features and events to continuously engage our communities and drive in-game revenues; third, extending our franchises to mobile where we build on our existing mobile leadership and extend our acclaimed console and PC franchises to the largest and fastest-growing platform; and fourth and finally, expanding the reach engagement and monetization of our franchises as we build on early success in eSports in-game advertising and consumer initiatives.
Now a critical step to realizing its growth opportunities is reinforcing our product pipeline. Now, as I discussed last quarter, we are growing our aggregate developer head count on Call of Duty, Candy Crush, Warcraft, Hearthstone, Overwatch, and Diablo by 20% this year to accelerate the delivery of content in our pipeline and give our communities more opportunities to engage.
To share some of the detail of the work under way, we're organizing the expanded development teams to better support the delivery of both upfront content and live operations with more talent working on getting the games in our pipeline out to our communities, and also more resources dedicated to following up with the volume and the quality evening game content that gaming communities increasingly expect.
We're also meaningfully increasing the number of developers working on mobile initiatives. Across our key franchises, those resources are complementing experienced, creative talent, already working on projects including mobile expansions of existing games, mobile-first reimaginations of our franchises, and cross-platform titles. These are ambitious projects that will take time, but we're committed to delivering on the substantial opportunity they hold.
We're also investing in our tech platforms, building cross-platform tools and capabilities that make us more agile in content delivery, increase the opportunity for collaboration across our development teams, and ensure we control our tech future. And we have more resources now available to work on the optimal business models for each of our franchises, including assessing opportunities around free-to-play.
We're fortunate to have exposure to every type of gaming business model at scale in our company, and in recent quarters you've seen us experimenting with free-to-play reach initiatives across more of our portfolio.
Our inside teams are conducting tests, to understand the content, marketing and timing implications of these different business models, and to deliver for the needs of our players. We look forward to sharing more with you here in due course.
Now we are also building on the momentum of our fourth strategic driver of new engagement and revenue models, by adding resources to our esports business and continuing to invest in tech and sales resources for advertising the Q1 again highlighting progress in both these initiatives.
In addition to these investments and expanding our key franchises, we have a major program under way to integrate global and regional sales and go-to-market partnerships and sponsorships capabilities and we expect this project to help better leverage our talent, expertise, scale and productivity across our business.
While the work, I just described, will bear fruit in the future. We remain focused on delivering in the near-term as well. I'll now review our Q1 results through the lens of our three key metrics reach, engagement and player investment.
Starting with reach, the company had 345 million monthly active users in Q1. Activision monthly active users were 41 million with around half of the quarterly sequential decline due to the exclusion of Destiny monthly active users. As you've seen on previous occasions Call of Duty reach saw some impact from a more competitive backdrop.
However and importantly, our core player base remains highly engaged with Call of Duty: Black Ops 4's total hours played growing double digits year-over-year versus World War II.
We continue to release new content, modes and events to sustain reach and attract new users. But we also recognize that we need to do even more to maintain the breadth of our Call of Duty player base beyond the launch quarters and the Call of Duty team is hard at work on that for this fall's big content release excitement for which is incredibly high around the organization.
We expect that both the launch and post-launch content will bring game-changing experiences to our fans. Also in Q1, we announced that Call of Duty mobile will be coming to regions including North America, South America and Europe.
While we continue to plan prudently for this new initiative, as you would expect we see significant potential for Call of Duty on mobile over the coming years, given the franchise's, global recognition and the growing demand for first-person action games on mobile.
Q1 also saw the highly successful release of Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, the resulted Activision's approach of selectively partnering with top quality developers, to leverage our publishing and marketing scale and expertise.
We couldn't be more pleased with the collaboration's execution and the response from suffers critically acclaimed title from gaming communities worldwide. Blizzard monthly active users were 32 million, lower year-over-year reflecting the gap since the major content launch, and the fact that we are still in the early innings of expanding our in-game content capabilities.
We highlighted last quarter that increasing the flow and the frequency of compelling in-game content and upfront releases is the number one goal set by the new Blizzard leadership team. That process will take time. We've seen encouraging signs in how recent in-game content has been received by Blizzard's communities.
Overwatch monthly active users are saw a single-digit percentage sequential decline in Q1, due to the fact that Q1 was a relatively quiet quarter for in-game content and consumers had increased choice in the team-based category this quarter.
That said, the community's enthusiasm for Overwatch was again evident in how they embraced both the archives, storm rising event in April and the new workshop mode that went to public testing last week.
For Hearthstone, April set a launch of its latest expansion Rise of Shadows resonating well with the community. Early signs are encouraging with the release driving greater player engagement than the prior two expansions. And this year the Hearthstone team has much more in store including the biggest player versus environment content in franchise history, the first wave of which will be revealed in mid-May. Also this year, Blizzard celebrated its 25th anniversary of the Warcraft franchise as well as the 15th anniversary of World of Warcraft.
Over that time Warcraft has developed a global audience with multiple award-winning games in different genres including over 100 million accounts created for World of Warcraft and over 100 million registered players for Hearthstone. Later this year, we'll celebrate the special milestone for Warcraft with some highly anticipated releases. World of Warcraft Classic will be available as part of the franchise subscription over the summer letting fans play the game just as it all began 15 years ago. In addition, a large content update to World of Warcraft called Rise of the Shadow (ph) is already on test servers and will include new zones, new dungeons and more. And Warcraft III: Reforged due this year is a complete reimagination of our real-time strategy classic rebuilt from the ground up for high-definition PC experience.
King monthly active users were 272 million in the first quarter up 2% from Q4. This second straight quarter of sequential monthly active user growth was driven by the Candy Crush franchise where monthly active users again grew both quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year. This growth in franchise monthly active users seven years after launch of Candy Crush Saga again illustrates Kings strong ability to expand its audience to new content and ongoing live operations.
Candy Crush Friends with its accessible gameplay based on learnings from the Candy series continue to attract both former and new players to the franchise. Monetization and retention trends remain strong in Q1, enabling ROI positive user acquisition that we expect to continue to contribute to financial results in the coming quarters. King continued to drive both reach and engagement through updates features and events. In fact, Candy Crush saw record time spent per daily active user in Q1, driving the King to a new high of 38 minutes for daily active user during the quarter, which brings me to our second key metric engagement.
For each of Activision Blizzard and King daily time spent per user in our games increased year-over-year and for the company overall average time spent was approximately 50 minutes. At Activision for Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 engagement of Black Ops drove double-digit growth for both total hours played in the quarter and daily time spent per player versus last year's title.
Playing games is just one of the ways in which our communities engage with our franchises. As Bobby mentioned, our professional Call of Duty city-based league initiative is off to a strong start. We are thrilled to have sold our first five teams to great owners that we already know well from our partnerships in the Overwatch League. And for Blizzard, BlizzCon returns to the Anaheim Convention Center on November 1 and 2. The Blizzard teams can't wait to host their community at the ultimate fan event in gaming.
Player investment is our third key metric. In-game content, features and services delivered approximately $800 million of in-game net bookings in the first quarter. King was the biggest contributor with 2 of the top 10 highest grossing titles in the U.S. mobile app store for the second -- for the 22nd quarter in a row. Call of Duty in-game net bookings was lower year-over-year, but the team continues to iterate around in-game features and offerings within Black Ops four testing new ways for players to participate in in-game content both for that game and for future titles.
And as mentioned, we are increasing our developer head count and investing in our platforms to ensure our teams have the resources and tools they need to deliver the in-game experiences that our players expect for the future.
In summary, during Q1, we made important progress on resetting the foundation for future growth. Increased investment in our biggest franchises sets us up to better deliver on the upfront leases and in-game content that our communities demand and to extend our franchises to mobile and new engagement models. While we position the company for the long-term, we've also remain focused on executing against our near-term financial outlook, and we are off to a solid start for 2019.
Dennis, will now review the financial results and outlook in more detail.
Dennis Durkin -- Chief Financial Officer and President of Emerging Businesses
Thanks, Coddy. Today, I will review our better than expected Q1 2019 results as well as our outlook for Q2, and the full year, and to review the quarter I'll start with our segment results.
Activision revenue of $317 million, increased 2% year-over-year. Key quarterly contributors were Call of Duty in-game and catalog net bookings, and the successful launch of Sekiro. Operating income was $73 million with an operating margin of 23%, which was lower year-over-year primarily due to mix effects.
Blizzard revenue of $344 million was in line with our expectation. Operating income was $55 million lower year-over-year due to a decline for in-game revenues, partially offset by lower cost. Blizzard's operating margin was 16%. King revenue of $529 million was roughly flat year-over-year.
Candy Crush net bookings grew year-over-year with the ads business more than doubling over the same period. Operating income was $178 million with an operating margin of 34% down 2 percentage points year-over-year due to investment in marketing for Candy Crush Friends.
Now let's turn to our consolidated results. Unless otherwise indicated, I will be referencing non-GAAP figures. Please refer to our earnings release for a full GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations. For the quarter, we generated Q1 GAAP revenues of $1.83 billion, $110 million above our February outlook. This includes the net recognition of deferrals of $567 million.
Net bookings of $1.26 billion were $83 million above our February guidance. We incurred a GAAP only restructuring charge of $57 million and generated Q1 GAAP EPS of $0.58 and Q1 non-GAAP EPS of $0.78, which was $0.15 above guidance. These figures include the net recognition of deferrals of $0.47.
In terms of cash flow and the balance sheet, in Q1 we generated operating cash flow of $450 million and ended the quarter with approximately $4.8 billion in cash and investments, and a net cash position of over $2.1 billion.
Now let's turn to our slate outlook for Q2 and for the full year. In Q2, Activision will continue to support Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 with content and updates to keep players engaged and late in Q2 Activision will release Crash Team Racing nitro fueled on the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch.
In April, Blizzard released the Overwatch Archive Storm Rising event, and its latest Hearthstone expansion Rise of Shadows. This will be followed by Hearthstone's biggest ever single-player content later this month. And the World of Warcraft team will support the game with future content and updates and events. And of course King will continue to deliver innovative features events and live ops across its portfolio.
We will follow this up in the second half of the year with our most important release, our new Call of Duty title from Activision. In addition, Blizzard will release World of Warcraft Classic and Warcraft III: Reforged and we will deliver more in-game content for Candy Crush and our other key franchises across the rest of the portfolio.
Now I'll provide just a little extra context before I turn to our guidance. First of all, we feel very good about how our content line-up is shaping up, but it's obviously still very early in the year. Our biggest and most important card launch is not until Q4 and the environment remains competitive. In addition, our earnings over performance in Q1, was primarily driven by the timing of expenses.
With the bulk of our content lineup still ahead of us, we are still planning to incur these expenses this year, particularly as we see an abundance of opportunity to invest and support our franchises including new business model opportunities as Coddy referenced.
Note that, consistent with our prior guidance, we continue to assume no material income for new mobile initiatives for Activision Blizzard this year. We also do not expect to recognize material revenue from Call of Duty esports team sales this year.
And as a result, we are reaffirming our net bookings, net revenues and EPS outlook for 2019. Now let me get into the specifics. For Q2 on non-GAAP basis, we expect net revenues of $1.32 billion including the recognition of GAAP deferrals of $165 million.
We expect net bookings of $1.15 billion. Product cost, game operations and distribution expenses of 25% and operating expenses, including software amortization of 59% and a GAAP only restructuring charge of approximately $35 million.
We expect the tax rate of 24% GAAP and non-GAAP share count of 771 million and EPS of $0.21. For Q2, on a non-GAAP basis, we expect product costs, game operations and distribution expenses of 25%, and operating expenses including software amortization 49%.
We expect a non-GAAP tax rate of 22%, and non-GAAP EPS of $0.35 which includes the recognition of GAAP deferrals of $0.12. On a non-GAAP basis for 2019, we expect net revenues of $6.03 billion including GAAP deferrals of $275 million.
We expect net bookings of $6.3 billion. Product cost, game operations and distribution expenses of 25%, operating expenses including software amortization of 55% and a GAAP-only restructuring charge of approximately $150 million.
We expect a GAAP tax rate of 24%, GAAP and non-GAAP share count of 774 million and EPS of $1.18. For 2019, on a non-GAAP basis, we expect product costs, game operations and distribution expenses of 25% and operating expenses including software amortization of 45%.
We expect the non-GAAP tax rate of 20% and non-GAAP EPS of $1.85 which includes GAAP deferrals of $0.25. So in summary, Q1 was a solid start to the year and the team did a good job of in staying focused through a time of change.
We've made clear progress in repositioning the company to take advantage of the tremendous potential in front of us. The competitive backdrop remains dynamic, but our internally owned franchises, developer talent and geographic platform and business model diversity create a powerful foundation for longer-term growth.
We still have plenty of work ahead. And we need to remain focused on execution, but I'm confident that our plan will position us to deliver strong results for all of our stakeholders over time.
Now I'll welcome our business leaders Jay, Hum and Rob as they join us for the Q&A portion of the call, Operator?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Operator: Thank you. (Operator Instructions) We'll take the first question from Alexia Quadrani with JPMorgan.
Alexia Quadrani -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Thank you very much. Just I come back to your comments on the Overwatch League, how is it performing versus your expectations? And how is that translating to sort of player engagement or monetization of the game? And I guess any further color you can give on the Call of Duty city-based league.
Robert A. Kotick -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. This is Bobby. As I've said, we continue to lead the way in professional eSports. For us the most important thing always was being able to celebrate professional players who make the commitment to our games and inspire our players every day. But I think what we found is that as a result of our esports initiatives we're creating a lot more enduring appeal in these franchises.
We think about sports and sports teams they are the ultimate examples of everlasting franchises. And the reason that we've created this city-based global league is to be able to attract that same passion and affinity that only city-based teams can really foster as we grow the fan base and as we want to deepen that engagement that our players have with our franchises.
I would say lastly, we've seen a tremendous opportunity to create value for our shareholders through our esports ambitions. So -- if you think about the last couple of years, the results that our team focused on eSports has achieved is remarkable. If you look at the amount of time it would've taken in traditional sports to sell over $0.5 billion worth of teams, I don't think there's any example of being able to do that in a couple of year period of time.
Viewership continues to grow on the Overwatch League and we're now generating much more substantial revenues from the broadcast rights and from sponsors and licensees. So from a commercial perspective, the league is doing really well. Between Overwatch League and now the five Call of Duty teams that we've sold, we have over 25 teams that have generated that $0.5 billion of revenues and the prices for the Call of Duty teams were well ahead of what the initial prices were for the Overwatch League teams. So we've got great owners. We've got a lot of commercial momentum. I think we've got a great season that we're off to this year for Overwatch League with viewership up substantially. And overall I think we continue to lead in our initiatives of professional eSports.
And with respect to -- I'll leave Jay you can answer the game question.
J. Allen Brack -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think the game sentiment the player sentiment for the game remains positive. We continue to have an active player base even though we're approaching our 30th anniversary. The teams are continuing to add features for content and for support engagement. Last week, we released in the Overwatch workshop on the public test realm. This is a mode that allows players to really be very flexible and very creative and really build their own game modes giving some of the power that the developers have to the players. Early reaction has been positive, and I think we're excited to see what players are able to create.
Over the rest of the year we'll continue to add more heroes and new maps and new experiences. And, you know, last quarter I talked about how we have very large ambitions for the Overwatch universe and how it can develop over time. And for us it's going to be a balance of working on the existing game as well as the team focusing on other work that they have. Overwatch is a huge temple franchise for Blizzard and we're continuing to dedicate the resources and the attention so that it can to continue to grow -- we can continue to grow the community and the franchise over time.
Thanks, Alexia. Operator, can we have next question, please?
Operator
Absolutely, we'll take our next question from Colin Sebastian with Baird. Please go ahead
Colin Sebastian -- Baird -- Analyst
Great. Thanks. Just want to follow-up on the comments on -- free-to-play and given the success in the market for free-to-play title and battle royale as well, I wonder if you could provide a little more of an update on the company's strategy to take advantage of these trends? Thank you.
Coddy Johnson -- Chief Operating Officer
Sure. This is Coddy. Thanks Colin. No specific update today, but I think you had asked how we think about the broader context of it. And as you highlighted, there's a lot of dynamic growth happening in this industry today. I think it's first worth stepping back and talking about broadly how we see that growth, because it speaks to why we reposition the company that we have.
But, we see real growth taking place in in-game revenues, in mobile, in Asia, in free-to-play and in eSports, I just mentioned and in in-game advertising. And so, for us repositioning is really about setting up the right resources to be able to dedicated to those growth initiatives and take advantage of them as we head into the coming years.
I specifically know about one of those growth areas in the industry where you see Battle Royale free-to-play coming together. And as we mentioned, we did see some a reach impact in our franchises from competitors, who combined that approach in the space.
But I think just as importantly, we see real opportunity for our franchises, where we can expand the reach of our ability to go to consumers as we look at that opportunity across our portfolio. I need to start -- our north star is always compelling content and great engaging gameplay. It has to start there.
It is why we have multiple business models in the company, because different gameplay lands itself to different kinds of monetization and what we're always trying to do is to make sure we have a growing ecosystem of a great player experience in the ecosystem of reach engagement and monetization.
But we are constantly reexamining these ecosystems. If you just look at Call of Duty for instance, over the last decade, we've done multiple things to really evolve that model with evolving player interest from different upfront pricing, to different passes, to different post-launch content approaches and offerings, and we continue to consistently examine those ecosystems.
And part of coming to this year is we're repositioning of our resources to make sure we had enough available not only to do what we've traditionally done, but to be able to test new approaches, to look at the data, to understand what consumers really want and to be able to take advantage of some of those growth opportunities.
I do want to make one thing clear that just in closing, which is -- the upfront content that we sell for a premium has significant appeal to players, and that they're very pleased by the experiences we can provide as an upfront sale. So we will continue that model. But our additional resources allow us to really look at a number of additional opportunities to take advantage of these kinds of growth areas.
Thanks. Operator, can we have a next question please.
Operator
Absolutely. We'll take our next question from Kunaal Malde with Atlantic Equities. Please go ahead
Kunaal Malde -- Atlantic Equities -- Analyst
I want to ask about King MAUs, because we've now seen two quarters of sequential growth. So how are you thinking about the outlook for the King Player base going forward?
Humam Sakhnini -- President
Yeah. Hey, Kunaal. It's Humam. Let me take that one. So as you saw we had monthly active users of 272 million across King network this quarter, and it's kind of worth just remarking I think of how strong that network is and I'm really pleased to see that we have two quarters of sequential growth. It's really the first time we saw that since Q1, 2015, which was the quarter after we launched Soda.
And I'm equally pleased that that growth didn't come at the expense of average engagement. As you heard, we had record time spent for daily active user. Now it's about 38 minutes. You might have heard us last year we talked about that we're going to put more focus on our reach initiatives, and clearly we're seeing some of that pay off.
And as I think about we also had some really strong marketing opportunities that we've been able to capitalize on, you should bear in mind we're a very, disciplined marketer. So we're always looking at positive ROI user acquisition opportunities and those do vary from quarter to quarter.
But within that framework, what we do is, look at ways that we can always unlock more marketing investments and we do that by introducing new features in our pipeline, which drive engagement and monetization and that now includes advertising which then enables us to invest more in user acquisition and feed the network.
And as an aside, we saw strong momentum in advertising in Q1. So overall, really happy to see that stabilization and we're going to continue to be very, disciplined in how we balance reach and user acquisition cost in the coming quarters.
Thanks Kunaal. Can we have a next question please?
Operator
Thank you. We'll take the next question from Michael Ng from Goldman Sachs.
Michael Ng -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Thank you so much for the question. I just have one on Hearthstone. It seems like that's -- where bookings maybe declined for several quarters now.
Is there anything specific to point to that's been driving that weakness, whether that's been competition in digital collectible cards or just a normal revenue curve for a game that's been very successful over five years?
And are you assuming any sort of inflection in the Hearthstone trajectory following the launch of Rise of Shadows in April? Thank you.
J. Allen Brack -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hi this is J. I just wanted to say that Hearthstone is a great franchise for us. The game launched a little over five years ago and it's got over 100 million players. We also feel really proud that the game has such a large global appeal.
For engagement in the game it's moved around from year-to-year depending on where the Meta game -- the Meta of the game that set at being one time. How the latest expansion is landing and sort of resonating with the community. And what sort of new features are have been introduced in the game.
We do think that Hearthstone can be larger in the future. We have a lot of confidence in the team in both, leadership of the team and in the kind of direction they're taking for the game we're adding more developers in the Hearthstone to create more of a content that the community will want.
And we also have some ideas for innovation that we want to accelerate. You mentioned Rise of Shadows. We launched that in April. And we're really happy that it drove engagement above the previous two expansions. Throughout the rest of the year you'll continue to see different things that we add into the game.
The next thing up is our highly replayable venture. That's going to come out this month. And it has substantially more content than we released in any previous P2P experience. And so overall we feel great about the surprises that that the team have and everything in some of sort of large player community.
Thanks Mike. Operator, can we have the next question please?
Operator
Thank you. We will hear now from Tim O'Shea with Jefferies.
Tim O'Shea -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Yes thank you for taking my question. With Dennis returning to the CFOC, I just thought it made sense to hear if there's going to be any changes in terms of the philosophy around M& A and capital returns. Thank you.
Dennis Durkin -- Chief Financial Officer and President of Emerging Businesses
All right, Hey! Tim. Thanks. I appreciate the question. This is Dennis. Well, you covered us for a long time so you obviously know we have a long track record of trying to be balanced, and disciplined in how we allocate capital across investing in the business strategic M&A or returning capital to shareholders via buybacks and dividends.
And the core component of that is always ensuring we have a strong balance sheet. And we for a long time viewed that as a really strategic asset for the company in that gives you a tremendous flexibility as you think about making big bets. And when we find those compelling opportunities, we're not afraid to follow-up on them. You've seen the benefits of that approach over time in both our Vivendi buyback in 2013 and also when we acquired King in 2016. In both cases we were able to deploy balance sheet cash and borrow in a disciplined fashion while we moved our way up the investment-grade credit rating grid. And with rapid change in our industry, we think it's really important to maintain this kind of strategic flexibility and be disciplined about what's best for the company for the long-term. So yes, nothing's changed in terms of how we think about capital allocation philosophy and you should expect a continuation of our disciplined balanced approach going forward.
Yes, and I'll just add Tim because I'm off to Omaha for I don't know probably the 20th time for the Berkshire Annual Meeting, as you think about it's worth well for us as a philosophy over 29 years, we're going to always be the guys that wait for that patch -- pitch. And when you think about that it's baseball analogy, we're not going to veer from the discipline that we had for that as a guiding philosophy.
Operator, can we have the next question, please?
Operator
Thank you. We'll now hear now from Mike Olson with Piper Jaffray.
Mike Olson -- Piper Jaffray -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon. And thanks for taking my question. I was wondering, how you're feeling about the upcoming version of Call of Duty that's coming this fall. And also what's the latest you can share related to the prospects and potentially timing for Call of Duty mobile? Thanks.
Robert A. Kotick -- Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Mike, it's Rob. Thanks for the question. So we continue to feel incredibly good about this year's game coming from infinity wars. The game's going to be revealed later this quarter. I think it's going to be really clear then why we're really so excited about the release. On the mobile part of your question, obviously, we see significant potential for Call of Duty. We're starting to see first-person action games on the platform to track really potential audiences and we feel that with Call of Duty's global appeal, we can obviously see some powerful results.
Now as we've discussed before now approaching the mobile opportunity in two ways really both through internally developed content and through partnerships. And in the case of what we recently announced the Call of Duty mobile, we're working with Tini one of Tencent's top studios. And Tencent's putting a ton of resource behind the game and it continues to shape up really, really well.
The results from all the regional tests that we've had have been really encouraging as is the interest in the community. And after we announced the Call of Duty mobile is coming to region outside of China, we saw over 10 million pre-registrations like Google Play for the game which is a really strong and significant result for a new title. We're also pretty encouraged by the resumption of our approval in China, so we're not taking anything for granted here. As stated you can assume we're planning particularly prudently for that country and mobile overall. And to sum it up honestly, we feel just really good about the games that we have in the pipeline for the Call of Duty franchise this year and we're excited for their prospects. Thanks for the question.
Operator, can we have the next question, please.
Operator
Thank you. We'll now move on to Matthew Thornton with SunTrust.
Matthew Thornton -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe coming back to King and Candy Crush in particular, you talked in the past about how the franchise grew through some of the network disruptions last year. And my question here is, is that growth sustainable than we've seen recently? And can we expect some acceleration as we look forward here as we start to comp some of those network disruption issues? Thanks, guys.
Humam Sakhnini -- President
Hey, it's Humam again. We've had a really strong quarter for Candy franchise as you heard. And yes, the network disruption in Q2 last year did cause a step-down in reach and monetization. So when you think about the year-on-year net bookings growth it really illustrates the durability over the long-term of the franchise. I will say that since that disruption, we stepped up our internal initiatives to build more direct connections with our players.
But on the durability point, I just want to highlight how ever green the franchise is that we've created there. The Candy franchise bookings grew year-on-year in 2017, again in 2018, and now continued into Q1. Shows kind of the strength of this franchise, which first launched in 2012. And ever since Soda was launched in 2014, Candy has had two of the top 10 grossing titles, and the U.S. app stores.
And when it comes down to our ability to do a few things here within the franchise, first is successfully developing market new titles within the franchise. So we launched Candy Crush Friends in 2018 -- October 2018, and the monetization trends on that continue to remain strong. And we prudently invest in our marketing opportunities to bring in former players and new players, and I discussed that earlier. We take a very disciplined ROI approach to that.
And third, we constantly innovate within our live titles and deliver players fresh new content and features. And we really think very thoughtfully about those pieces of content that we're putting in our live titles. So, I feel really good about our ability to continue executing in these areas and to deliver ongoing growth in the Candy franchise as a result of that.
Thanks, Matt. Can we have next question please, operator?
Operator
Thank you. We'll take our next question from Mike Hickey with The Benchmark Company.
Mike Hickey -- The Benchmark Company -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question and congrats on a strong Q1, good start of the year. I guess I was just hopeful that you could provide some additional color or maybe some -- a little bit more visibility within your Blizzard pipeline. Thank you.
J. Allen Brack -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Hi. This is J. Thanks for the question. This is an important topic for everyone, and it's super important to me personally. I said consistently that the Blizzard pipeline is larger and richer than ever before. It includes PC and console releases. It includes ongoing content for World of Warcraft, Overwatch, Hearthstone and a couple of mobile initiatives. It's critical that all these products meet the Blizzard that we're known for. We want to give the teams the space to really create excellence and release games at a better and more consistent kids.
We're pretty impatient to get all those content in front of the community and it's a reason that we have significantly increased our developer head count as we talked about last quarter. The teams are highly motivated. We feel we've got a lot to prove, both to our players and to ourselves. And lastly, we just talk about -- Coddy talked about earlier announcing BlizzCon and the show is returning November 1 and 2 to the Anaheim convention center and working really hard to make it great event.
Thanks. Operator, we have time for one last question.
Operator
Thank you. We'll take our last question from Brian Nowak with Morgan Stanley.
Brian Nowak -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Hi. This is Matthew Costa on for Brian. Thanks for taking the question. Just on the cloud gaming opportunity, there's obviously been a large number -- number of large payers going into the space between Steadier from Google and now Microsoft with Project X cloud. Can you contextualize that opportunity in your view and give any thoughts on those new platform entrants? Thank you.
Robert A. Kotick -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thanks for the question. It's Bobby. When you own 30 years of IP like we do, there's probably never been a better time to be in the games business.
And that's when these big well-funded companies are building out platforms that they have limited amounts of content to actually serve up to customers. I'd say that there's a great opportunity for a company like ours.
I think for starters they will all try to broaden the audience for gaming and big investments to commit to doing so. And that's just helpful for a growing market. But in each case none of these platforms can succeed without great content. And truthfully, they don't really know how to make it.
So, when you think about what will be required it will be support from us to allow them to actually build audience. And I think that we have a better opportunity than most to capitalize on all these new platforms that will be there.
In addition, to the fact that we have almost 350 million direct relationships with our own customers today and so distribution is evolving and changing in the way that we actually connect with our own customers.
So, to that I would say as you think about the next five to 10 years, there will be more ways and places to engage players and that serves us better than almost any other company.
Chris Hickey -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
All right, thank you everyone for joining us today. And we look forward to seeing many of you I guess in L.A. for E3 perhaps next month then if not then see you on the call next quarter. Thanks for the time.
Operator
Thank you. That does conclude today's conference. Thank you all for participation. You may now disconnect.
Duration: 48 minutes
Call participants:
Chris Hickey -- Senior Vice President of Investor Relations
Robert A. Kotick -- Chief Executive Officer
Coddy Johnson -- Chief Operating Officer
Dennis Durkin -- Chief Financial Officer and President of Emerging Businesses
Alexia Quadrani -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
J. Allen Brack -- President & Chief Executive Officer
Colin Sebastian -- Baird -- Analyst
Kunaal Malde -- Atlantic Equities -- Analyst
Humam Sakhnini -- President
Michael Ng -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Tim O'Shea -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Mike Olson -- Piper Jaffray -- Analyst
Matthew Thornton -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Mike Hickey -- The Benchmark Company -- Analyst
Brian Nowak -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Transcript powered by AlphaStreet
This article is a transcript of this conference call produced for The Motley Fool. While we strive for our Foolish Best, there may be errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in this transcript. As with all our articles, The Motley Fool does not assume any responsibility for your use of this content, and we strongly encourage you to do your own research, including listening to the call yourself and reading the company's SEC filings. Please see our Terms and Conditions for additional details, including our Obligatory Capitalized Disclaimers of Liability.
