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Aramark (ARMK -0.25%)
Q3Â 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 4, 2020, 8:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning, and welcome to Aramark's Third Quarter 2020 Earnings Results Conference Call. My name is Jimmy, and I will be your operator for today's call. At this time, I would like to inform you that this conference is being recorded for rebroadcast. [Operator Instructions] I will now turn the call over to Felise Kissell, Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs. Ms. Kissell, please proceed.
Felise Kissell -- Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs
Thank you, and welcome to Aramark's Third Quarter Fiscal 2020 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. I hope those listening are doing well along with those around you. This morning, we will be hearing from our Chief Executive Officer, John Zillmer; as well as our Chief Financial Officer, Tom Ondrof. As a reminder, our notice regarding forward-looking statements is included in our press release this morning, which can be found on our website. During this call, we will be making comments that are forward-looking. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of various risks, uncertainties and important factors, including those discussed in the risk factors, MD&A and other sections of our annual report on Form 10-K and our other SEC filings. Additionally, we will be discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of these items to U.S. GAAP can be found in this morning's press release as well as on our website. With that, I will now turn the call over to John.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Felise, and good morning, everyone. I hope all of you are staying healthy and doing as well as can be expected during these continued unprecedented times. I look forward to sharing an update with you today on the current state of the business that reflects the tenacity of our teams, working in close partnership with our clients on the front lines as we navigate the ever-changing environment, and seek to further Aramark's position as a key enabler in the broader recovery and beyond. In the third quarter, our actions resulted in improved client retention trends and new business wins, including Purdue University, Manhattan College, Queen's University in Canada as well as Ford Motor Company, a new business dining partnership; increased agility in our cost structure that led to an adjusted operating income drop-through of 20%; and a strengthened balance sheet with over $2.5 billion in cash availability. I'm incredibly proud of our individual team members who have continued to step-up in selfless ways to serve clients at countless locations. The response and ability to adapt in the face of significant adversity is a true testament to their dedication, work ethic and sense of personal pride. These are the people who make Aramark such a special company, and their drive and commitment motivates me every day.
As part of these efforts, we've shipped over 30 million pieces of personal protection product following our shift to certain production lines within uniforms to serve heightened demand from employees, clients and customers; safely provided more than 55 million meals to students in nearly 300 school districts across the country; we've opened up 400 pop-up convenience and grocery locations for frontline healthcare workers; donated food, supplies and PP&E to communities in need, including partnering with the Debra and Leon Black family, the American Red Cross, Robin Hood and the Mayor's fund to provide more than 400,000 care packages to New York City healthcare heroes on the front lines; partnered with the urban to provide meals during the summer to community members in several cities across the country, including our hometown in Philadelphia; and recognizing the critical need for health and safety, we developed EverSafe a comprehensive approach to maintaining a superior hygienic standard that will support the safe reopening and sustainable management of our client locations. In partnership with Jefferson Health, and in accordance with the recommendations of the CDC, WHO and other leading health organizations, EverSafe features five distinct strategic pillars: embedding good health and hygiene practices that include carefully designed process standards PP&E, health monitoring and promoting a culture and environment to sustain healthy practices; creating appropriate social distancing practices into operations through visual cues, physical alterations and other service enhancements while maintaining efficient traffic flow; implementing new and enhanced cleaning, sanitation and disinfecting procedures that include new processes, equipment and cleaning agents; as well as careful assessment of high-risk areas that require special attention; employing available and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, human machine interface, infrared, robotics contact tracing and mobile solutions to further improve the safety and experience of employees and customers.
As an example, we've developed and launched Quick Eats convenience stores that offer customers a safe and convenient, no-touch experience; and expanding and introducing new service offerings and capabilities to best meet evolving consumer dining facilities and other needs. We were also excited to introduce the EverSafe OS web-based service and mobile app, a service designed for small and medium-sized businesses, such as restaurants and retailers where reopening safely is a critical concern, and additional guidance to do so is greatly needed. This valuable resource utilizes the EverSafe proprietary platform to provide trusted information, timely and clear decision-making and effective and sustainable execution. Activity across our different sectors has been encouraging as we partner closely with clients that are at various stages of operation. Areas within our portfolio have remained relatively stable, namely the facilities and corrections business as well as the Healthcare sector. We expect resilience in these areas, largely driven by the gradual return of elective healthcare procedures as well as more frequent and comprehensive facility cleaning. Education was impacted from the accelerated summer shutdown, as discussed on the prior earnings call. Throughout the third quarter, we continued to operate across most locations, offering extended and expanded meal programs as well as modified retail operations. We are actively engaged in conversations with our education partners about how they will return to school. At this time, we are encouraged by the various commitments we are seeing from our higher ed and K-12 clients, for their return in the fall.
Tom will provide added insight on the most current trends. Sports and entertainment reflected the continued suspension of professional sports leagues and postponement of concerts and events. Sports has begun to proceed with the major league baseball, NHL and NBA, playing without fans as an interim solution. The NFL is taking measures in an effort to include fans in some capacity based on local jurisdiction as they kick off their season in the coming weeks. We're actively engaged with our NFL clients to help bring fans safely back to the stadiums as appropriate. Leisure activity has increased as national parks recently reopened across the country with modified and enhanced operations to meet the safety and hygiene standards required in today's environment. Demand at many of these locations has been better than expected as our national parks provide an appealing vacation destination that allow for social distancing and the freedom that comes with the outdoors. In Business & Industry, operations have been industry and geographic dependent. Our B&I portfolio represents approximately 20% pure white collar, 20% pure blue-collar and a 60% hybrid of the 2. Many client locations continued operations in some capacity. In recent weeks, we're starting to see previously shuttered locations return a portion of their workforce. We expect this business to have a longer recovery tailwind while identifying opportunities for higher capture rates. Uniforms has demonstrated resilience, quickly bouncing back from April troughs. Solution-oriented services, including PP&E that I mentioned earlier, have been in high demand as customers require hygienic products for safety.
International operations are at various stages of response depending on geography. China has largely recovered, and we continue to have new client wins, particularly in Healthcare due to our efforts on the front lines. China drove double-digit organic revenue growth in the third quarter, an incredible achievement from the team that reinforces the value of our services in this environment. Europe and Canada are exhibiting encouraging activation trends across various lines of business while balancing country-specific government mandates. While we are experiencing a delayed impact in South America, we did just win a new extractive services client in Chile. Our international team is sharing best practices across regions that include implementing EverSafe as a new offering solution. During this time, we've not compromised our long-term growth mindset that contributed to our recent new business wins that I mentioned earlier. We look forward to working closely with our new partners on enhanced dining experiences and safer, more efficient facilities. Looking ahead, we have a robust new business pipeline and believe we are well positioned to capture future opportunities, particularly those that are self-operated. Aramark's balance sheet remains strong with ample liquidity following our proactive actions to draw down the $1 billion revolver and subsequently issue an upsized $1.5 billion debt offering. At the end of the third quarter, we had over $2.5 billion in cash availability.
Our discipline [Indecipherable] our ability to be cash flow positive since the bond issuance in late April. Tom will provide more detail on our impressive cash flow trends. As we navigate the current environment and focus on our long-term strategy, we've made changes to the organization that has created a fit-for-purpose business to best support our field associates and clients. This includes action we have taken to restructure and realign resources to allow us to emerge stronger when the pandemic is behind us. Before turning the call over to Tom, I want to highlight a crucial topic that is deeply personal to me: Diversity, equality and inclusion for all. As a company, this has also this has always been one of Aramark's core values, and we've been consistently recognized for it as a top 50 company for diversity, a best place to work for LGBTQ equality, a best place to work for disability inclusion and a top 50 employer for equal opportunity. But there is always an opportunity to do more, and that starts with reflection, education and action. With that, I am proud to announce that we formed an Executive Diversity Council that will provide strategic focus to advance diversity, equality and inclusion among Aramark employees, client partners, customers, suppliers and the communities we serve. We've also named Ash Hanson to the newly created role of Chief Diversity and Sustainability Officer. Ash has been with Aramark for 18 years, contributing in a variety of leadership roles across the organization, including diversity and inclusion, talent management, organizational development and human resources. We look forward to developing and executing impactful plans that will reduce inequality, support and grow our communities and drive our [Indecipherable] strategies for generations to come. I will now pass it over to Tom for a more detailed financial review of the business.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, and good morning. Before reviewing the financial performance in the quarter, I want to reiterate John's message. I couldn't be more proud of how the Aramark's teams across the globe have promptly responded and quickly adapted to the new environment and continue to lead by example to serve our clients with a solution-oriented mindset. It is truly inspiring to work alongside team members with such dedication. Now turning to the results. Our third quarter performance was consistent with the expectations that we laid out on our last earnings call. Of course, our results were meaningfully impacted by COVID-19, but the diversification of the portfolio as well as the flexibility of Aramark's operating model resulted in sequential revenue improvement in each fiscal month of the third quarter, and AOI dropped through a 20% of corresponding revenue decline and positive cash flow generation since the bond issuance on April 22, resulting in a minimal cash flow use free cash flow use of $37 million during the quarter. For the total company, organic revenue was down 45% in the quarter compared to the prior year as modest underlying growth was more than offset by reduced or suspended operations at multiple client locations. Over the course of the quarter, we saw improvement each month following the April trough when revenues were down 50%, with increasing activity seen, most notably, in uniforms and international as well as the education and leisure businesses. This encouraging trend in the business has continued into July, with organic revenue down 36% compared to the same period last year. In the third quarter, U.S. Food & Facilities had an organic revenue decline of 56% compared to the prior year as our education, business dining and sports businesses were most heavily impacted.
The leisure business was shut early in the quarter but began to see activity in late May with a limited capacity reopening at most national park locations. Facilities, Healthcare and corrections businesses remained relatively stable throughout the quarter, but the Healthcare sector was impacted by fewer visitor and patient meals due to the temporary suspension of elective procedures. International organic revenue decreased 41% compared to the prior year, as Canada and Europe, specifically Germany and Spain were particularly affected by government-imposed shutdowns. Despite the headwinds, our international team continues to execute on its growth strategies exemplified most recently by a new mining client win in Chile and the award of Queen's University in Canada, as John just mentioned. China has now largely reopened and posted double-digit organic growth revenue in the quarter, also driven by strong contributions from new business wins. Organic revenue in uniforms was down 12% versus the prior year as the impact of COVID-19 was partially offset by new business, including increased demand for PPE offerings. Essential businesses within our diverse client portfolio continue to operate and generated strong demand for our safer, cleaner and healthier services. As a result of the company's flexible operating model and continued cost mitigating actions, we were able to effectively manage AOI drop-through to 20% of corresponding revenue declines. We purposely left untouched depending on the cost required to effectively service our clients and grow the underlying business, including sales and client management resources. And we will continue to operate the business with a long-term mindset focused on sustainable value creation.
Total company adjusted operating income was a loss of $144 million in the quarter, down 163% compared to the prior year on a constant currency basis. U.S. Food & Facilities was able to significantly offset the revenue impact of COVID-19 through proactive labor and product cost management, the outcome from client contract renegotiations, SG&A cost containment as well as receiving just over $10 million in CARES Act employee retention credits to offset absorbing 100% of the benefit cost for furloughed employees. International's AOI performance also benefited from strong product and labor cost management against the COVID-19 revenue headwind as well as contributions from net new business won earlier in the fiscal year and nearly $50 million from government-assisted programs to offset labor costs associated with the required retention of employees. The international operations tend to have less flexible labor cost base in the near term compared to the U.S. due to specific country labor laws and regulations. The Uniform segment, operating with a higher fixed cost base than the rest of the business, demonstrated resilience by partially offsetting the COVID-19 impact on revenues by generating income from strong demand for hygienic solutions, including PPE offerings as well as lower SG&A expenses; synergies from the AmeriPride acquisition and just over $10 million from government-assisted programs to offset labor costs associated with the retention of employees in our Canadian operations. And finally, corporate expenses were down 28% compared to prior year due to actions taken to reduce personnel costs and general corporate expenses as well as lower equity-based compensation expenses. Adjusted EPS was a loss of $0.69 for the quarter as a result of lower AOI and higher interest expense associated with our deliberate drawdown of the revolver in March and the $1.5 billion bond issue in late April. In the quarter, CARES Act benefits also included the deferred remittance of federal payroll taxes and NOL carryback modifications, which provided approximately $50 million in income tax benefit. Aramark's Government Affairs team is advocating for policies that will support and protect our employees, clients and customers. And we will continue to seek to optimize the appropriate available stimulus programs as we manage the business.
Now turning to cash flow. As a result of the decisive actions and operational discipline, we were able to generate positive cash flow from operations in the quarter and contain free cash flow to a minimal use of $37 million. After the sudden initial impact of working capital in late March and into April, collection trends began to normalize. And combined with sustainable cash management strategies, free cash flow was positive after the bond issue on April 22. At quarter end, Aramark had over $2.5 billion in cash availability. Our strong balance sheet allows us to remain focused on our capital allocation priorities, and we remain committed to investing in growth opportunities for the business, paying down debt and returning value to shareholders. With that, we also announced this morning the approval of our quarterly dividend payment. I'll now touch briefly on our GAAP results. These metrics were largely impacted by COVID-19 in the same way I outlined for AOI earlier. In addition, GAAP operating loss, net loss and diluted loss per share included, most notably, $125 million in severance charges associated with actions taken to restructure and realign personnel resources within the company. The majority of these charges, approximately $75 million, were within the international business, resulting from prescriptive labor laws and regulations in certain countries in which we operate. In the current environment, we have taken these actions to rightsize the business to create a fit-for-purpose organization that is best positioned to serve our clients and deliver strong sustainable performance. Looking forward, we expect to see modest sequential improvement in the fourth quarter compared to the third quarter. As previously mentioned, July revenues, which were down 36% compared to prior year, continued the positive revenue trend that we've seen since April when the top line fell 50% compared to prior year.
At this time, we are encouraged that more than half of our higher ed clients are expecting students to return in-person for the fall semester, with about 10% planning to exclusively implement remote learning. The balance are considering a variety of hybrid approaches. In addition, we continue to actively participate in extended government-sponsored K-12 meal programs. With the reopening of education and preparation for potential activity in business dining, and sports and entertainment with the NFL season, we will absorb certain initial restart costs, much like when we initially begin service, following a new account win as we take actions to ensure the safety of employees, clients and customers. Such progress is expected to result in a marginally higher AOI drop-through rate in the fourth quarter. We will continue to remain focused on cash flow and build on the actions we have already taken. Based on the current anticipated activity in higher ed, we would expect to deliver neutral to slightly positive free cash flow in the fourth quarter. I want to close by reiterating my strong belief in the future of this business. The reasons why I joined Aramark in January are the very factors that differentiate us today: Highly valued service offerings, passionate team members and strong growth potential. Thanks for your time this morning. John?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Tom. It is an extraordinary time for all of us. I'm extremely proud of how Aramark has responded and remain confident that we are taking the appropriate steps to create significant value for our stakeholders. We have considerable opportunity ahead of us that we believe will provide Aramark the ability to emerge as a stronger, more agile company. And I'd like to take this opportunity to thank all the associates of Aramark for their hard work, dedication and commitment to serving our customers. Operator, we'll now take the we'll now open up the call to be a resource for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Ian Zaffino from Oppenheimer is online with a question. Your line is now open.
Ian Zaffino -- Oppenheimer. -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much. Really good job managing through all this, pretty impressive cash from operations and just managing the business overall. So congratulations there.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Ian Zaffino -- Oppenheimer. -- Analyst
What I want to maybe focus on is education a little bit. You have some wins there. Give us a little bit more detail on those wins, particularly maybe how you got them? What do those margins look like now versus like what you've historically done in the past? And then also, it seems like you're very bullish on or not very, but bullish on education. Are you seeing something in education? And sort of what are the risks that you see as far as maybe schools deciding that reopening is not really in their best interest and maybe they go virtual? Or can you touch maybe some ground level detail and really what you're seeing and what's driving your the encouraging statements you made about education.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks. I'll start off, and Tom can jump in as well. Well, first of all, the new business wins, we're very excited about. Purdue University was a self-op conversion of their retail operations. We feel very honored to have been selected to operate that contract. The Queen's University in Canada is the largest university operation in Canada, again, very excited about that opportunity. And of course, I also mentioned the Ford Motor partnership, which is a new national contract for those operations. On the higher ed side, we as Tom alluded to, we've had significant dialogue with our education customers. And literally, we're engaged every day in dialogue about the operating model that each university will adopt. And as you said, over 50% of those customers have told us, it'll be in-person in the classroom. We're still awaiting decisions on the operating model from some universities. And so it's too early to comment on what might take place in terms of total education reopening. Approximately 10% have said that they'll have an online learning environment during the first semester. So the hybrid examples that are being developed are very different by campus, by university, and so it's very difficult to predict what exactly will happen. But we are engaged in dialogue literally every day with those customers to make sure that they have the best experience for students that are on-campus in a safe, hygienic way, that those students can safely eat in the dining halls, take advantage of board plans and be confident in their safety and security. Tom, do you have anything you want to add to that?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think I'd just ask, Ian, you talked about the financial structure of those deals. I don't see anything changing much other than around the edge for the current environment within those higher ed contracts. Certainly, for the long term, you build flexibility into the model, both for the client and for us, so that we can move forward together with whatever comes. So I see that still being the general structure of the contracts: Flexibility and client focus. And I don't think that's going to impact the profitability over the term of the contracts, these new wins.
Ian Zaffino -- Oppenheimer. -- Analyst
Okay. As a follow-up on the cash management side, a very good job there again. Give us a sense of and I know you talked about kind of driving the drop-down to 20%, and then you also maybe said that you could get down to 15%, if you need to. I guess, what have you been seeing there as far as I guess, it seems like you've been encouraged more, and that's why you're not really aiming that 15% anymore or just sort of broad strokes on what you're thinking there?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. I think from the beginning, we said we weren't going to be driven by a number. We were going to be focused on our clients, serving our clients' needs, and it really came to light early that there were different requirements by client even within a sector. So we needed to remain flexible with that, and that obviously puts pressure on your ability to drive out cost. To go to 15%, we said early on, was going to be a more negative situation where we think thought this would be prolonged. The current environment would be prolonged and deeper and more, certainly, negative. Where we find ourselves now is that there are good signs, reopening signs here and there. It's still, as we all know, almost week to week at times and therefore, we're keeping ourselves ready. We're keeping costs in the business so that we are ready when our clients are ready. And that's been difficult for our operators. But they've, as you've seen in the Q3, done a tremendous job of balancing both our cash flow needs as well as being prepared for our clients. So I don't I certainly don't see this, as I said just a minute ago, moving below 20% at this point, given what we see as some encouraging signs of activity into the fourth quarter.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And I'll just add a couple of quick comments. I think the organization has shown incredible flexibility in terms of managing our cost structure. There are levers that we can continue to pull to reduce costs further. But as Tom indicated, what we've tried to do is maintain an organization that's fundamentally able to serve our clients very, very rapidly as their needs develop and as the situation evolves. And frankly, because we want to make sure that we have an organization that has the best management team, the best level of talent in the industry. And so we're very cognizant of making sure that we hold on to those people that we think are critical for the future of the organization and for the future. And, hopefully, that we'll be able to bring back all those Aramark employees who've been furloughed or laid off in the in this temporary process. One of the things that we've also committed to is making sure that we maintain our growth focus. And so we have not made any cost reductions with respect to marketing organizations and/or sales organizations. We've been very focused on making sure that we maintain that growth mindset and discipline going forward.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And let me add one last point that I don't want to give the impression that we're rebuilding all these costs into the business based on overly optimistic projection. Things can change. And so we're continuing to stay flexible, and we will continue to do that and hopefully have proven that the model can move pretty rapidly and reflect and respond to the current environment. And so if things move in a different direction, we'll be ready thank you.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from Kevin McVeigh with Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Great. Congratulations on the cash flow and just the results overall. I know there's a lot that goes into that. So really, really well done. I just want to spend a minute on just talking about structurally, the business has changed. You folks are a leader in the industry. But just coming out of this, where are the areas that you're going to be able to define the outcome in the sense of whether it's an incremental step-up in Uniform or on the foodservice side? And then within the context of that, is there an opportunity, it's again, one of the more capitalized, better players in the space to drive some consolidation. Just any puts and takes around that would be super helpful.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. We obviously believe that we are well positioned going forward given the strength and the breadth of the organization and the balance sheet to take advantage of any opportunistic growth opportunities, if you will, that come to us. And those, we will be very aggressive in the pursuit of growth with respect to new account wins, particularly as we believe the self-op conversion phenomenon will increase. We're highly confident that as customers and clients who are currently self operated come to grips with the issues that they've had to face in COVID-19 that there will be an acceleration of self-op conversion trends. And we believe we're well positioned to take advantage of that from both the resource perspective as well as a capital perspective. With respect to other operators that may not be well capitalized, we are seeing impacts in the business as clients are having their services affected, and we believe there may be some opportunity as some of the smaller companies may decide or may have issues with respect to their financial performance. But really, what we're going to focus on right now is both organic growth through new sales opportunities. Growing those relationships with our existing customers, focusing on new service offerings that we think will adapt to the changing environment. And we'll also continue to take a look at M&A opportunities that present themselves across the portfolio.
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Andrew Steinerman with JPMorgan. Your line is now open.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan. -- Analyst
Hi, John and Tom, two questions. First one on the July trends of minus 36%, could you give us a sense of how U.S. Food Services is doing in Food and Support Services is doing in July and how Uniform is doing in July? And then my second question is, if you could, Tom, you said drop-through margins for the fourth quarter will be higher than 20%. Could you give us a sense of anything? Does that mean 25%? And if you can make a comment on interest and taxes for the fourth quarter also, that would be helpful?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure, Andrew. In terms of the revenue, 36% for the for July for the company, U.S., a bit above that, total U.S. International is right about the company average and then Uniforms was significantly below that in July, that company average on the revenue. On the flow-through, it depends a bit, and I hate to hedge the answer, but it does depend a bit on the activity and the speed of the activity within higher ed and sports. So if the more certainty we see, I think that the drop-through will be closer to 20%. If there is some stop and starts, I think it could be closer to 25% with people fall starts or people changing their mind at the last minute after we've staffed up. And a little color around why that why those cost pressures are there. When you start up an account or restart an account, particularly in this environment, you do have certain inefficiencies in product cost, in labor scheduling and the like and some other peripheral direct costs at the unit. Once you get into a routine, a cadence at a unit, and that can take months or whatever, with the new account, you build in those efficiencies and you get better at all those things. And so as we restart with new points of service across campuses, diverse points of service, there will be a level of inefficiency out of the gate, and that's where those increased costs can creep in. So I think it could be in between that range, depending on the environment, the restart environment. And then with interest and tax, interest should be pretty predictable at this point, fairly reflective of Q3. I don't see much of a change for Q4. We'll look at the end of the quarter based on cash flow as to deleveraging a bit, and that certainly continues to be the goal. But for the fourth quarter, I don't think interest should change that much. And tax, we're still working through the overall benefit of the CARES Act, get significant benefit this quarter as we will for the year with the NOL carrybacks. So I'll come back to you, please. I'll come back to you with a little more detail on the tax rate for the year.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan. -- Analyst
Thank you.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good, thank you.
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan. -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from James Ainley with Citi. Your line is now open.
James Ainley -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Yeah, good morning everybody and thanks for taking my question. Could I ask you to talk a bit more about what your B&I clients are saying about longer-term working from home plans? How that might impact attendance on-site and whether it's realistic to get back to prior margin levels with kind of structurally lower level of B&I attendance?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I think we can both take a stab at that. First of all, I think it's very early yet to predict exactly what the B&I business will look like. We are seeing signs of green shoots, if you will, as employers bring back employees on a limited basis in some geographies. It's obviously significantly impacted by the type of operation, the geography and whether it's an office environment or a blue-collar environment, etc. So probably the consensus that we have today from customers is that it may take a little longer to bring employees back given the current state of COVID-19, what time frame that looks like, varies by city. So ultimately, the structure of the business, I do believe, will return to a more normalized look. You may have operations that have downsized or may be smaller than they were before. I think fundamentally, the contract structure of the industry is probably going to be is going to be changing. Some of those operations that were P&L historically because of the size and scale, may now be management fee going forward. I don't think the margins in the business will change all that dramatically. Ultimately, the margins will be, I think, somewhat average. Over the history of the business, it's been a very consistent performer. And I think that the business will evolve to that same kind of level of performance even though the contract structure may be somewhat different going forward, not only for us, but I'm sure for our competitors as well. So I think B&I has a longer road to recovery.
Again, it will be dependent upon the speed with which employers come back to their offices. I will say, as a general rule, you're seeing a lot of commentary, a lot of conflicting commentary in the press about whether companies will maintain their work-from-home kinds of approaches for the long term. Frankly, I've been talking to a lot of CEOs of a lot of public companies recently, and almost all of them are saying, "Listen, it's tough to manage an organization from a cultural perspective by remote control," and they really have a strong desire to bring their employees back into the communities so those employees can be engaged and with the company and to be part of a team. And so ultimately, I think companies will return to the workplace, but it will take some time. And it very hard for us to predict what that timing looks like.
James Ainley -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Okay, clear. Thank you very much.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Toni Kaplan with Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Thanks very much. I'm curious about the delivery opportunity that you see during this period on college campuses, which might have some restrictions around dining halls. Have you been investing more in that business going into the fall? And how should we think about the opportunity you have in food delivery on in education?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. We have multiple approaches to food delivery on campus. We certainly have the advantage of being on-site and we have the advantage of being close to those students. And I think there's significant opportunity, one that can be addressed in a number of ways, both with customized program development in each individual university, depending on the type of location, whether it's an urban campus or a more sprawling campus. The Good Uncle initiative is one that serves that delivery model pretty well, and yet, we've also established partnerships with other delivery providers on-campus to make sure that our product gets delivered to those students through third-party means. So we do think that there will be an increasing trend toward eating in dorms and eating remotely, and we are positioned. We've got service models and marketing programs developed to go ahead and address that need for students to be served in that way. Tom, I don't know if you have anything else you want to add to that.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
No.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great. Also, just within the different verticals of the U.S. business, curious which of these you expect to improve the most quickly from here, if you could just give some color on each of the different verticals.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Tom, why don't you go ahead and take that?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. I mean, in terms of magnitude of improvement, obviously, sports and the higher ed have the greatest ability to come back. I think from a speed standpoint, Education certainly from down significantly in the third quarter, 70-plus-percent. We'll see the biggest move in Q4. Sports is still uncertain and not really have any visibility there. As John said, I think business dining has a linear path back. I don't think it's going to be in great speed, but I think it will continue to nudge forward. So I think, overall, with those being the three biggest impact, sports, higher ed and B&I, I would see the Education sector having the greatest potential to be back quickly, followed by a linear path with business dining and still a question mark around sports.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Richard Clarke with Bernstein. Your line is now open.
Richard Clarke -- Bernstein. -- Analyst
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. So the first question for me, just well, probably just rounding out from the last questions, but compared to peers, likely the negative surprises were on Healthcare down 21%, facilities down 17%. You don't seem to be referring to those improving much into Q4. So is there anything kind of idiosyncratic about your mix that means you're underperforming in those segments? And how do you expect those segments to maybe recover over the coming quarters?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I'll take a shot at that. First of all, Healthcare, we continue to see improvement throughout the balance of the year as I think we talked about the delay in elective surgical procedures and the like. And we think that, that business will continue to improve as the healthcare system adapts and comes back more broadly. And so we don't see anything systemic there. On the facilities side, I think you'll see a ramp-up as businesses return. So those numbers will improve as businesses and other institutions require deep cleaning before restarting. So I don't think there's anything there that affects the long-term nature of that business that they'll be relatively stable to growing during the fourth quarter, and it will really just be dependent upon the pace of change in the other businesses. And some of the facilities business, obviously, it's attached to sports and entertainment. So those are significantly sized operations. If those stadiums and arenas begin to reopen and operate, those businesses would return. So there's a bit of a knock-on effect on some of the other businesses in terms of how much they're engaged.
Richard Clarke -- Bernstein. -- Analyst
Just as a follow-up, clearly, kind of pre the COVID situation, you were talking about your plans and so it may take a quarter, it may take four years to kind of enact your plans. How has the whole coronavirus issue sort of changed the pace of the turnaround you were trying to enact there? Has it given you the opportunities to accelerate some of those opportunities? Or has it put a big pause in the plans that you were looking to enact for the business?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, I would say that we've continued to march down the path that we laid out, making organizational changes with respect to culinary marketing, food offerings. So it hasn't impacted those plans whatsoever, and the same could be said for the growth initiatives that were undertaken over the course of this over the last several months. We've continued to invest in adding new sales resources to the organization. Most of what we wanted to achieve, we've been able to do even in this environment with respect to adding the right talent. We've had the opportunity to reestablish some new leadership in some of the businesses. We've had the opportunity to go ahead and make organizational changes to get resources closer to the customer. Even in the face of reductions that we've had to make, we've been able to reengineer the organization in a way that we think positions us extraordinarily well going forward. So I would say our plans have been somewhat impacted by COVID-19 but not our approach. So really, I don't see it impacting the way we will operate going forward.
Richard Clarke -- Bernstein. -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Andrew Wittmann with Baird. Your line is now open.
Andrew Wittmann -- Baird. -- Analyst
Okay, great, thanks. I just had two questions and then just a clarification from a prior question. My first question was regarding the Uniform rental business. You mentioned a couple of times in your prepared remarks that you had good, strong sales of PP&E. I'm just kind of curious how the organic rental trends held up inside that. Maybe there's a we've seen from other players that there's been some big onetime sales or spike in sales that's called out for direct sale. But I'm kind of curious on the rental trends in particular. And then my second question was regarding the dividend outlook in the press release today. You noted the $0.11 dividend that's going to be paid in September. And John, I was hoping you could just talk about the thought process of the Board with the uncertainty that's out there, with the cash flow not being as great as it normally is, why that makes sense and how you approach it from here? And then the quick clarification that I wanted to ask about was just a little bit of confusing terminology earlier on the kind of growth outlook by segment. I think you mentioned that in the U.S. that the organic trends were a little bit better than 36%. Did you mean that the growth trends were below company average in that just because you said better than, it sounds like the growth trends in U.S. food were trending better than 36%. It didn't make a lot of sense. I just want to clarify that.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Tom, do you want to take that last part of the question first? And then I'll come back to the rental trends and the dividend process going forward.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Yes, the U.S. food, the decline in July was higher than the company average for the U.S.
Andrew Wittmann -- Baird. -- Analyst
Okay. That's what I thought. I just want to be clear.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think in trying to offer some insight into what we see as an improving revenue trend over the with the start of the quarter. I think we're trying to give some visibility but without offering a lot of specifics, and we apologize for that. We just see a continuing improvement during July that is a follow-on from the previous quarter. So attempting to give some supportive clarity with respect to revenue trends. So with respect to the rental trends in uniforms, they're the rental trends have improved on a weekly basis since the trough in April. And I think that's probably consistent with what the rest of the industry has discussed and disclosed. There continues to be improvement week to week in rental trends. I don't think we have disclosed that number specifically. But I would say what you're seeing in our numbers is very consistent with what you're seeing elsewhere. With respect to the PP&E sales, we are experiencing significant PP&E sales in Uniform services and in refreshment services where we've offered that opportunity to our customers for things like masks and the like. That is we believe that business has sustainable opportunities in it as facilities adopt new sanitation approaches and trends and offices like dental offices using barrier gowns more aggressively than they had historically. So we see continuing revenue streams coming from PP&E, not just onetime sales, although the quarter did have some significant sales lift as a result of PP&E. So I think there's more to come on that, and we'll see how that continues to evolve. I would say that we're very hopeful that we'll have continuing growth from that sector going forward. With respect to the dividend, given the strong cash flow generation, the improved or the significant cash flow results in the quarter, Board deemed it appropriate to go ahead and pay the dividend going forward. We think it's a very strong indication of the company's ability to generate cash and to continue to manage the cost structure. We believe that it's an indication of very strong support from the Board, and we think we're pleased that they adopted that approach. The Board will maintain flexibility, obviously, going forward. And if there comes a time where they may need to reconsider that, they will do that, but we're very confident in our ability to continue paying it at this time.
Andrew Wittmann -- Baird. -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Manav Patnaik with Barclays. Your line is now open.
Gregory Bardi -- Barclays -- Analyst
Hi. This is actually Greg calling on. I just wanted to ask a little bit more about the contract renegotiations and maybe using education as an example. Some of these schools move toward a hybrid model with 50%, 60% occupancy by the students. Do you expect those contracts to turn into management fees where they were P&L? And maybe a little color on with enhanced cleaning probably comes enhanced costs there. So how do you make sure that you're getting paid appropriately in those contracts?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I would say we've been able to engage in a very active contract renegotiation process with all of our customers over the course of the last several months to make sure that we can adapt and to serve their particular needs across all the businesses not just B&I, but in Healthcare and in Higher Education as well. As the hybrid models are adopted, we'll be working with each individual customer to make sure that we have an opportunity to earn an appropriate level of profitability under that new model. The those negotiations literally take place every day. We've got what we consider to be extraordinary relationships and long-term partnerships in place, and we think that we'll be able to react and respond to whatever needs they have and whatever modifications that need to be made, we believe that we can get done to make sure that we're paid appropriately for providing the service that they desire.
Gregory Bardi -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay. And then a couple of times you've mentioned the higher demand for PP&E and hygiene-type products. Just wanted a little color on your ability to flex that supply to meet the demand.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. We as we mentioned, we have shifted production in our Mexican operations to PP&E equipment, and we are able to meet the demand that we've had, both from our client organizations and customers as well as Aramark's need in the business as well. So those operations were able to ramp very quickly, and we have the scale that we need in order to continue to manufacture and to take advantage of that opportunity. So our supply chain is very robust. The fact that we have the ability to self manufacture a lot of this is very favorable for us and it has allowed us to serve a number of customers who couldn't get supply from other sources. So we're confident in our ability to continue to manufacture and to continue to supply the needs that both we have and that our customers have. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Gary Bisbee with Bank of America. Your line is now open.
Gary Bisbee -- Bank of America. -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. Maybe just following up on the question a minute ago about contract renegotiations. Can you just give us a sense how are sort of in-unit economics trending in locations that are reopened? Are you seeing a lot of them that you're able to manage costs to a reasonable profit level at the unit level? Or is that really variable? I'm just trying to understand how quickly you can get the sort of a normalized level even on lower base of revenue coming back in a lot of these locations.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Sure. As I mentioned, the contract renegotiation process has really been ongoing since the beginning of COVID as customers, particularly in the B&I sector and in the higher ed sector, shut down and had needs for us to provide some level of service. We were able to renegotiate both new contracts as well as memorandums of understanding to go ahead and serve their current needs. It really is a state of flux in on a location-by-location basis. Each individual contract is being renegotiated by their district managers, by the RVPs and by the clients in order to adopt to the new service model that, that specific client needs. And so unit economics, it's our intention to continue to operate this business at margins that are very close to our historic level to be paid appropriately for providing the services that are desired. And so we've been able to, without exception, to go ahead and put new contracts or understandings in place, to go ahead and protect us on the downside and to create opportunity going forward. So I don't want to comment on individual contracts or individual negotiations. I don't think that's appropriate. But I would say our teams have been extraordinarily adept at doing what's right not only for the customers but doing what's right for Aramark going forward.
Gary Bisbee -- Bank of America. -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Stephen Grambling with Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open. Right. Thanks. Coming out of this environment, it seems like there could be greater overlap in the FSS and Uniform segments than ever, particularly on the Facilities side. When we think about clients demanding this increased cleaning and sanitation, how would you characterize the overlap in these segments currently? And as you look at the uniform peers, stock valuation widening relative to the catering peers, is there a case to keep these separate or even consider other strategic actions to maximize the value?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
First of all, there is significant overlap between the businesses. Obviously, our customers have had they have had our organization respond in a multitude of ways to help serve their needs. So we have a lot of customers that are normally foodservice customers that have reached out to the Uniform organization to go ahead and serve needs for their PP&E equipment and other areas. So there is significant opportunity to explore for additional growth potential there with our existing customer base, and we continue to do that. Uniform services continues to be focused on serving its core rental customers as well. I think the business strategy question is one that, obviously, we have talked about many times. Today, we're focused on improving the results of the business. There is significant potential for growth. There's significant potential for margin improvement. And we think, ultimately, we can close that valuation gap with respect to those Uniform peers as we continue to improve the business, both by adopting the synergies that came out of the AmeriPride acquisition, the adoption of the ABS, the route accounting system that shows significant improvement, as we implement that in new operations and in old existing Aramark operations, we see continued improvement. So there's lots of opportunity there. And I think over time, the company will continue to address the strategic issue. But today, we're focused on improving the operating results, on serving our customers, on being really focused on managing the organization as tightly as we possibly can given the current environment and in looking for those opportunities to expand and grow the business in ways to serve our customers.
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Shlomo Rosenbaum with Stifel. Your line is now open.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Hi, thank you for taking my questions. Hey, John, can you talk a little bit you mentioned that you're seeing progress in the business that is being kind of overshadowed by the closures in the businesses. Can you just talk about what's the progress that you're seeing that's underlying? Is that referring to retention rates? Is it referring to new wins? And can you talk a little bit about how you expect to come out of this stronger than you were beforehand? What are you referring to exactly?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I would say, first of all, retention rates are increasing, and we've seen continued improvement across the enterprise and retention rates in the various businesses we operate. We're seeing very strong business new business pipelines. We see significant opportunities as a result of what we believe will be an enhanced self-op conversion cycle going forward. So we think that the company is well positioned to take advantage of all of those trends. The improved retention, obviously, extraordinarily important from a long-term growth perspective. We think a lot of that improvement is a result of the actions we've taken in the various businesses both to improve leadership as well as by repositioning the organizational resources back into the businesses so that they're closer to the customer and impacting the business on a day-to-day basis. So we see the strategy continuing to have an impact. We believe that strategy has been validated, and we're going to continue to move down that path very aggressively to make sure that we have an organization that's extraordinarily focused on developing innovative solutions for our customers and in the individual markets we operate. And I'm excited about this organization because we have the strongest management team in the industry, some really great people focused on delivering results for our customers. And I'm very excited about the prospects for the future based on the team that we have running this business. I think the job that they've been able to do over the course of the last four months has been absolutely extraordinary. All of this that they've been able to achieve is a result of those people on the ground, day to day really just grinding it out and making very tough decisions, but the right decisions for our customers and the right decisions for the business. So I'm extraordinarily excited. And I believe everything that we do is an outflow of the quality of the management team. And I just I feel very strongly that I've got the best in the industry.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay, great. If I could just follow up with Tom. Just is there anything in the start-up costs that you're expecting in the September quarter that would change kind of the seasonal cash outflow that you normally see in December? I guess I'm asking is, is there anything that you're going to be doing earlier that, therefore, would mean that your normal significant outflow in December would be less because you're doing that in September versus the December quarter?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
It will, but for a different reason. Usually, that fourth quarter cash flow inflow is driven by the Board planned prepayments for the ongoing semester and then the use follows in Q1. So those will normalize. They do move roughly in tandem. So as we as the start-up of the higher ed is less certainly than it would be in a normal year, the outflow in Q1 will be less.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Seth Weber with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Seth Weber -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Just following up on a cash flow question. capex, a pretty big step down here in the third quarter. Can you just talk to us how you're thinking about near-term and maybe intermediate-term capex? Is this around the right level? Will it come down a little bit more? Just any guidance you can help on that.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. A little hard to look at it as a percent, the traditional measure, percent of revenue given the revenue change. So as a dollar amount, you're right. The annualized rate has fallen. A lot of that has been around the expectations this summer, this past quarter with clients, what they've wanted to tackle, what they have. It's also been part of client renegotiations, as John alluded to. So certainly, the spend in the quarter, I think, is not where it will it's not a run rate. We don't want it to be a run rate because we want to be able to use the capex to our clients' benefits and grow with them. So I think this is a little bit lower in Q3 than we would see it going forward. But we'll continue to work to manage it along with the operating cash flows so that we keep ourselves in a good position but certainly have our clients' needs and our contractual obligations, first and foremost, in those discussions. We don't want to leave our clients hanging to our benefit. So we'll manage it accordingly.
Seth Weber -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. And then if I can just clarify the comment about the monthly improving trends, the trends improving through the quarter. I'm just trying to splice out how much of that might be due to just the lower mix of education just seasonally, if that makes sense. I mean, are you seeing improving trends kind of across the portfolio? Or is it just really a function that education is a smaller portion?
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Outside of sports, which, believe it or not, has seen a little bit of activity this summer versus where we were in April. So if I take the 50% drop in April on revenue down to the 36 in July, the quick answer is we've seen improvement across every line of business. It's been almost imperceptible in sports and very significant in others like uniforms. But there's been improvement across the board.
Seth Weber -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, super. I appreciate it. Thank you very much.
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question comes from Hamzah Mazari with Jefferies. Your line is now open.
Hamzah Mazari -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Good morning. Thank you, John, you had spoken about outsourcing trends accelerating potentially during COVID, post-COVID. Could you maybe comment on do you see that in uniforms as well, not just food? And which verticals in food do you see that most happening given your customer conversations?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Great question. First of all, in the foodservice business, we see that trend in Healthcare and in Higher Education, especially, which obviously are still the business units that have the highest degree of self-op opportunity yet. So significant conversion, we believe, in both Healthcare and in Higher Education, major universities. Purdue is a great example of that. The win at Purdue is a self-op conversion of their retail operations. And we see more and more universities beginning to have that dialogue around, is it right to go ahead and finally outsource, particularly given this environment? And so we see that trend accelerating in Healthcare, Higher Education. On the Uniform side, we do believe that this represents an opportunity that the customers that have a need for safer, more hygienic solutions will turn to a professional provider than as opposed to having their employees wash or launder their own uniform. So we do believe that there is opportunity there as a result of the need for more hygienic solutions. And we have an opportunity or we have a service model that can provide very strong assurances in terms of cleanliness and hygiene, and we think companies will be looking for that. As I mentioned earlier, one of the areas that we think has a significant potential is the medical services business. As you know, people now are wearing barrier gowns in virtually every situation in healthcare, whether it be dental offices or clinics or whatever in order to provide some personal protection. So those are things that we can both manufacture and can launder. And so we see that, that is an opportunity as well for Uniform services.
Hamzah Mazari -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Got it. And just my follow-up question. Pre-COVID, you obviously had a U.S. turnaround plan, and you talked about net new business being better, retention being better. What was your time line originally for turning around the U.S. business? And post-COVID, clearly, it's delayed. But just curious, pre-COVID, how were you thinking about the turnaround? And what's the best way to measure milestones in terms of successive turnaround? Obviously, you're being masked by COVID. Is the best way just to look at your numbers versus campus? Or how would you tell investors to sort of judge the U.S. turnaround today?
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Well, first of all, I would say, judge it by there were two key elements to the turnaround. The key elements were improving retention, getting the retention rate back up to historic levels of Aramark, and that's an area that we have seen already a significant improvement in. The net new business, so the growth numbers, so that we would be winning a greater share of those new opportunities going forward. And to do that, we implemented a number of changes, the reorganizations, the addition of sales management resources throughout the enterprise. And we really began that process in late fall, early winter as we've looked to reorganize sales forces and add those resources. So I would say the two benchmarks are retention and new business wins. And I think we've had some really good early successes across both of those goals, and we continue to see improvement, the strong sales pipeline and the, what I consider to be, the very strong leadership in those businesses that I believe, will deliver results over the medium term. I think, initially, we talked about the fact that it took sales managers somewhere between 18 to 24 months to come up to speed in those businesses like Healthcare, higher ed, business dining as they got to know their territories. And so I think that, that is still the time frame that we're looking at for continued improvement. I think the opportunities are accelerating, and I'm very pleased by the quality of our team. So I think that we'll continue to see improvement in those two benchmarks and that we'll be demonstrating that the strategy is working and is and that we're making progress.
Hamzah Mazari -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
And I'm showing no further questions in the queue at this time. I'd like to turn the call back to Mr. John Zillmer for any closing remarks.
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Terrific. Again, thank you, everybody, for joining us this morning. Really appreciate the support of all of you. And again, I'd like to extend my thanks to all the Aramark associates around the world for the hard work and the dedication that they show this organization every day. I'm very proud of all of you, and thank you again. So that ends our call. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 73 minutes
Call participants:
Felise Kissell -- Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs
John Zillmer -- Chief Executive Officer
Tom Ondrof -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Ian Zaffino -- Oppenheimer. -- Analyst
Kevin McVeigh -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Andrew Steinerman -- JPMorgan. -- Analyst
James Ainley -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Richard Clarke -- Bernstein. -- Analyst
Andrew Wittmann -- Baird. -- Analyst
Gregory Bardi -- Barclays -- Analyst
Gary Bisbee -- Bank of America. -- Analyst
Stephen Grambling -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Seth Weber -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hamzah Mazari -- Jefferies -- Analyst
