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Ventas Inc (VTR -0.57%)
Q2Â 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 7, 2020, 1:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Second Quarter 2020 Ventas Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Sarah Whitford, Investor Relations. Thank you. The floor is yours.
Sarah Whitford -- Investor Relations
Thanks, Tina. Good morning, and welcome to the Ventas conference call to review the company's announcement today regarding its results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2020. As we start, let me express that all projections and predictions and certain other statements to be made during this conference call may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities law. The company cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to many risks, uncertainties and contingencies, and stockholders and others should recognize that actual results may differ materially from the company's expectations, whether expressed or implied. Ventas expressly disclaims any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any changes in expectations.
Additional information about the factors that may affect the company's operations and results is included in the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the company's other SEC filings. Please note that quantitative reconciliations between each non-GAAP financial measure referenced on this conference call and its most directly comparable GAAP measure as well as the company's supplemental disclosure schedule are available in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.ventasreit.com. Before I hand the call off to Debra A. Cafaro, Chairman and CEO of the company, I'd like to note that we posted an investor presentation this morning on our website, which includes helpful information that the team will reference in our prepared remarks.
With those formalities out of the way, I'll hand it over to Debbie.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Nicely done, Sarah, and thank you. Good morning to all of our shareholders and other participants. And welcome to the Ventas Second Quarter 2020 Earnings Call. i sincerely hope that you are safe and healthy and staying positive, as the COVID-19 pandemic persists in our country. I am proud to say that the Ventas team has been cohesive, skilled and enormously hard-working as we've addressed key issues and weathered the initial storm created by the pandemic. We still have a long way to go, and conditions remain highly uncertain and uneven, but we are encouraged by second quarter performance and trends, which have continued into July. Our enterprise benefited significantly in the second quarter from our long-standing commitment to asset class, operator and geographical diversification. We delivered $0.77 of normalized FFO per share in the quarter, led by our medical office building, research and innovation and healthcare triple-net business, which collectively represent nearly half of our enterprise. As a result of the pandemic, we recorded a number of noncash charges in the quarter, primarily focused on senior housing. These items reflect the conditions affecting senior housing we shared with you in late June, and our expectations remain unchanged regarding our business prospects and potential from that point. As expected and consistent with those communications, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected our senior housing financial results in the quarter.
Our SHOP portfolio experienced the maximum occupancy impact from mid-March through April, particularly in our large, high-quality, high-rate New York and New Jersey communities. Since then, we are heartened to see the resilience of demand for senior living and the recognition of the value our industry provides to seniors and their families. We saw sustained intra-quarter improvement in leads and move-ins and clinical results for our residents that continues into July; Atria has led the way. And as we previously anticipated, operators at virtually all of our communities are currently open to new resident move-ins and the vast majority of our communities are offering residents an enriched living environment. The focus of our operators now is to safely increase move-ins and stabilize occupancy, and then seek to rebuild occupancy toward pre-pandemic level. We are proud of our early and rigorous focus on health and safety, and our leadership in adopting testing protocols to keep seniors and frontline caregivers safe. We have also taken decisive actions during and after the quarter to keep Ventas strong and stable for all those who depend upon us. These include: adjusting our cost structure by $25 million to $30 million annualized to further enhance our efficiency and effectiveness while preserving our core competencies of capital raising, investment, asset management and service in the field; increasing our liquidity, which currently stands at $3.5 billion, and maintaining a strong balance sheet; conserving capital through the reduction of capital expenditures and our dividend; taking proactive steps to address the financial impact of the pandemic with our two largest senior housing tenants, Brookdale and Holiday, resulting in mutually beneficial transactions with both large operators.
For Holiday, we are pleased that we converted our 26 independent living communities operated by Holiday to SHOP. And we recently announced the deal with Brookdale that provides Ventas shareholders with certainty, flexibility and the opportunity for upside on industry recovery and creates better lease coverage and a stronger tenant. We appreciate our constructive relationship with both companies and management teams, and continuing to advocate for seniors with federal policymakers. Because of the crucial role senior living care providers play in protecting our vulnerable senior population and the impressive clinical record in our industry, we remain respectfully hopeful that HHS will provide much deserved and needed financial support to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. We also continue to explore opportunities to grow our enterprise and our investment team is being active, yet selective. I'd highlight, in particular, the strategic advantage of the open-end fund we successfully launched in March with access to institutional capital and a well-performing core of quality assets under management. The fund is another tool that will enable us to expand our footprint, leverage our team and industry expertise and create value. We also continue our capital allocation focus on our expanding research and innovation business. While the existing R&I portfolio continues to deliver outstanding performance, we also have two major projects well under way with leading research institutions at the University of Arizona and the University of Pittsburgh, both expected to deliver next year. In addition, we just broke ground on Drexel's academic tower in U City Market of Philadelphia. Together, these three developments represent over $600 million in aggregate investment and are over 80% pre-leased to highly rated tenants. Our team continues to work with our development partner, Wexford, to build our pipeline of R&I projects that will be actionable as soon as the time is right.
We were pleased to welcome Marguerite Nader to our diverse, independent and experienced board in July. Marguerite is a top-notch CEO and real estate executive, and we look forward to benefiting from her insights as we move the company through the pandemic and forward. In closing, the long-term demographically driven thesis for healthcare real estate and for Ventas remains in place despite the near-term disruption caused by the pandemic. We see resilient demand and strong performance in our different business lines and have taken decisive actions so Ventas can successfully navigate through current conditions and capture opportunities. We will continue working together for the benefit of all our stakeholders.
And now I'm pleased to ask Justin to discuss our senior housing business.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Thanks, Debbie. Let me start by noting that we witnessed an impact from COVID-19 on the senior housing industry in the second quarter that is truly unprecedented. That said, I am proud of how our industry came together in a crisis to protect health and safety for the most vulnerable segment of our population. I'd like to publicly acknowledge all the hard work, dedication and skill of our employees, operators, tenants and their teams and frontline care providers for their courageous efforts throughout this pandemic. I'll start with a quick overview of our results in the SHOP and triple-net portfolio. It seems like ancient history, but we began the year in SHOP with a strong first quarter performance with NOI growth of 6% versus fourth quarter 2019 when excluding COVID impacts. The second quarter was a different story as our SHOP operators battled the pandemic. Second quarter 2020 average monthly occupancy came in approximately 470 basis points lower than first quarter average monthly occupancy for our same-store senior living operating portfolio pool. At the end of the second quarter, occupancy stood at 80.6%. COVID-19 related operating expenses totaled $42 million, and after netting $15 million of estimated mitigating cost savings, the opex impact totaled $27 million, and therefore, total operating expenses grew 3.4% sequentially, which improved from previous expectations. All COVID-19 expenses, including testing, labor and supplies have been reflected in property operating results. ReVPOR declined 2.9% sequentially due to the disproportionate clinical impact in New York and New Jersey when these high RevPOR communities were locked down, and occupancy loss was most pronounced in the Northeast. Net-net, as expected, cash NOI for our 390 assets sequential same-store portfolio declined from $165 million in the first quarter to $106 million in the second quarter, a reduction of $59 million.
I'll highlight our Canadian portfolio, which generated 30% of our SHOP NOI. It demonstrates both the benefit of our diversification strategy and a well-orchestrated public health response. Our 68 communities within our sequential Q2 same-store pool, including our recent investment in Le Groupe Maurice, were 94.2% occupied, which compares to an average of 96.3% in the first quarter, outperforming the U.S. on an absolute and relative basis. Additionally, our independent living portfolio more broadly, inclusive partly of Le Groupe Maurice and Holiday Retirement, have demonstrated resilience during the pandemic, significantly outperforming assisted living. Specifically, I'd like to highlight our Holiday portfolio. Since converting to SHOP, NOI has approximated $7,589,000 in May and June, representing a 1.1% improvement over prior year and ahead of our pre-COVID budget. Moving to our triple-net senior housing portfolio. In the second quarter and through July, Ventas received all of its expected triple-net senior housing cash rent. Our underlying triple-net portfolio performance broadly followed the same trends as our SHOP portfolio. And as a result, we have been taking actions to proactively address certain leases. I am really happy we've been able to reach mutually beneficial arrangements with Capital Senior Living, Holiday Retirement and Brookdale Senior Living already this year. I really look forward to working with these management teams to optimize each respective portfolio.
Now I'll address recent trends. First and foremost, I am pleased to report that the demand characteristics supporting senior housing remain solid even in the face of the pandemic as we have seen leads and move-ins improved since the low point in April. And it's important to note, this trend persists in markets that have long since faced the virus peak, such as New York and New Jersey, and those that are still experiencing high new cases per day, such as California, Texas, Florida and Arizona. As we reported to investors in June, the key leading indicator of demand is communities loosening restrictions and allowing for a richer resident experience and most crucially, allow structured family visits and small group dining and activities. It is very encouraging to see that 86% of our communities are offering this lifestyle, which, with appropriate infection control practices and testing protocols, is getting much closer to the pre-COVID living experience. We are pleased to support a proactive industry-leading testing program, including our partnership with Mayo Clinic labs, that served as one component of a thoughtful reopening approach and has yielded over 69,000 resident and employee tests to date. In regards to our clinical results, although lessening, we are still facing pockets of increased virus activity, which has caused some of our communities to reverse course and increase restrictions throughout recent weeks. However, as Debbie noted, we currently have the highest number of communities accepting move-ins since the beginning of the pandemic at 96%. New resident cases per day in the Ventas portfolio peaked in April at 26 per day and have averaged only eight per day in May through July, and thus far in August, we are only averaging 4.5 new resident cases per day. 89% of our communities have either never had a confirmed resident case and/or have not had a case in 14 days. As a reflection of the diligent efforts by our operators, we have continued to see improvement in our leading indicators. We ended July occupancy at 80.1%, which is approximately a 50 basis point decline since June as the deceleration in occupancy decline continues. The improving lead and move-in trends through July also persist. Our move-ins are 72% and our leads are 74% versus prior year, respectively. Our move-ins, however, have not yet covered our move-outs and, therefore, resulted in lower occupancy. While we are encouraged by the improving leading indicators and evidence of strong demand drivers and moderating expenses, we do not expect to experience stabilized NOI performance until our move-ins and move-outs level out. All things considered, we are steadily making progress toward a stabilized performance.
In summary, we are cautiously optimistic regarding the positive leading indicator trends we are seeing in our senior housing portfolio, the efforts and success of our operators in providing more robust, safe living environments for seniors, and the meaningful improvement to move-ins and leading indicators we've seen since April. However, we remain measured in our outlook because of the uncertainty of the pandemic, its continuing financial impact on our senior living business and the cost of stabilizing and recapturing occupancy in our communities, while focusing on the health and safety of frontline caregivers and residents.
With that, I'll hand the floor to Pete.
Peter J. Bulgarelli -- Executive Vice President, Office; President and CEO, Lillibridge Healthcare Services
Thanks, Justin. I'll cover the Office segment second quarter results and trends. Our Office segment, which now represents 30% of Ventas' NOI, continues to show its value proposition, financial strength and growth amid the pandemic. MOBs and research and innovation centers, the two lines of business within our Office portfolio, play a key role in the delivery of crucial healthcare services and research for life-saving vaccines and therapeutics. For the second quarter of 2020, reported office same-store cash NOI increased by 2.7% year-over-year. This outstanding result was led by our R&I portfolio, which grew 14.4%, driven by strong lease-up and with occupancy improving by 500 basis points and rent growth of 6.1%. The strong performance in our university-based developments affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania and Washington University fueled our growth. This growth was partially offset by a modest 40 basis point decline in the Medical Office portfolio. It was driven by a difficult comparison period, lower paid parking receipts and increased cleaning expenses caused by COVID-19. After adjusting for these factors, Office and MOB same-store cash NOI versus prior year would have grown by 5.7% and 2.3%, respectively. These results exceeded our expectations for the quarter. Office occupancy grew by 20 basis points sequentially in the second quarter, with occupancy in our 361 asset sequential same-store pool reaching 91.4% as of June 30. MOB retention has increased to record levels at 97% for second quarter of 2020. Total office leasing, which includes renewals and new leasing, was 860,000 square feet for the quarter, and nearly 1.5 million square feet year-to-date. Lab space continues to be in high demand in our R&I portfolio, which is currently 97% leased.
This is a clear opportunity area. In terms of rent collections, office tenants paid an industry-leading 99% of contractual rent in the second quarter. This is without deducts or deferrals, which were de minimis. And actually half of those deferrals have already been repaid. Collecting 99% of total rent is a direct reflection of the quality of our tenants and the quality of our buildings. Most tenants have received significant amount of federal support through a variety of programs designed to assist healthcare providers in small businesses. As an example, we estimate that our top 10 health system tenants have collectively received nearly $3 billion in CARES Act relief and $10 billion in Medicare Advance Payments. As of August 6, 2020, our tenants have already paid more than 97% of July rents. This is a faster collection pace than experienced during the second quarter. This solid result underscores the durability and quality of our tenant base. 88% of MOB NOI is from investment-grade tenants, or HCA, and 97% of our MOB NOI comes from tenants affiliated with a major health system. For our R&I portfolio, 76% of our revenues are received from investment-grade organizations and publicly listed companies, a very solid foundation. We also saw positive space utilization trends intra-quarter that mirrored admissions and surgery volumes reported by the health systems. For example, in our MOB portfolio, essentially all of our physicians were back to work in June. Patient visits and paid parking activity more than doubled in June from the depths of April. These trends have continued in July, although still below historical levels. All of our MOB buildings are open for business, and 94% of our MOBs are in counties that are restriction-free for elective procedures.
To ensure the safety of our tenants, their patients and our employees, we have set up screening at certain building entrances and enhanced our cleaning protocols. All R&I buildings are also open, supporting multiple critical research organizations in fighting the pandemic. We have 16 major university relationships, all of which anticipate opening in the fall with some level of on-campus in-person learning scheduled. Essential field personnel who have continued to serve our tenants on site through the pandemic have done a terrific job. We're grateful for their effort and commitment, and we continue to focus on the health and safety of these personnel and our tenants.
Finally, I'm pleased to let you know that our doctor center medical office building associated with an Emory hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, placed 2nd at the BOMA International TOBY awards in the Best Renovated All Office Building category among all submissions across the globe, an extraordinary example in utilizing our capital to reinvigorate a well-located medical office building associated with a strong health system. In sum, our occupancy, NOI and cash payment results and trends were outstanding during the second quarter. During this difficult time, we are honored to be caring for the caregivers, the physicians, the hospitals, scientists and researchers who bring hope and comfort to those in need.
With that report, I'll pass the baton to Bob.
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Pete. I'll touch on our healthcare triple-net lease portfolio before I close with some enterprise level commentary. During the second quarter, our healthcare triple-net assets showed continued strength, as evidenced by receiving 100% of second quarter, July and August rents from our healthcare triple-net tenants. Acute and post-acute providers have had access to significant government funding to create liquidity and mitigate losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of rent coverage through Q1, acute care hospital coverage was a strong 3 times. Nationally, hospital inpatient admissions and surgeries rebounded in Q2, with differences by market. 100% of Ardent's hospitals are in states or counties that are open for elective procedures. Ardent continues to perform extremely well despite the challenging market conditions. LTACs have proven their value proposition in the pandemic, and census has benefited from the increasing need for hospital capacity due to COVID-19 as well as the ultimate discharge of patients into this important care setting the majority of this benefit began to accrue in the second quarter, so it's not yet reflected in the coverage stats reported today. IRF census initially declined due to lower surgeries and acute care volumes, but census has improved since mid-April and has benefited from rate enhancements. SNFs experienced notably higher mortality rates with census down dramatically and the most profitable rehab patients also down, but have also benefited from significant government support. Turning to our second quarter financial performance. Let me start with Q2 GAAP net income.
In the second quarter, we recognized net income of $50 million for the Holiday transaction. And even though our second quarter rent collections were robust across the business, we assess the go-forward collectibility of future rents in the context of COVID. We also took the appropriate step in the quarter of evaluating the values of certain of our assets as a result of the material impact of the pandemic. As a result, we took several noncash charges in the quarter, largely driven by senior housing. First, we wrote down the value of select senior housing real estate assets by $109 million included in D&A. This reduction represents less than half of 1% of our total net real estate asset base of nearly $21 billion. Second, though we collected substantially all of the expected triple-net senior housing rent in the second quarter, we wrote off $54 million of accrued straight-line rent receivables in Q2, primarily representing eight tenants in our triple-net senior housing business and converted those senior housing tenants to a cash basis with annual cash rent of approximately $80 million. Notwithstanding the reserve, we'll endeavor to collect all our contractual rents going forward. Third, we took a noncash tax charge in Q2 of $56 million. And fourth, though our loan portfolio is fully current through the second quarter, we took a $40 million allowance for credit losses against our investments in a handful of small loans as well as a charge for unconsolidated entities.
I'd note that we did not take credit allowances against our Holiday or Colony loan investments. The aforementioned Holiday transaction and noncash charges are excluded from our normalized FFO. We provided additional information in our supplemental on page 35 and in our press release. In terms of normalized FFO per share, we delivered $0.77 in the second quarter versus $0.97 in the first, the $0.20 change was a function of the reduction in SHOP NOI. As we showed you in June, SHOP NOI in the second quarter was, on average, $20 million lower per month than Q1. Our second quarter FFO, same-store NOI and SHOP RevPOR results reflect the full quarter impact of the early and significant loss of SHOP occupancy in March to April in the important high RevPOR New York and New Jersey markets. As Debbie described earlier, we took decisive actions in Q2 to ensure Ventas is in a strong and stable financial position to weather the impact of the pandemic, including adjusting our cost structure, lowering our dividend and enhancing our liquidity. In July, as a result of these actions and a stable capital markets backdrop, we paid down substantially all borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As a result, as of August 5, the company has available liquidity of approximately $3.5 billion, including $2.9 billion of undrawn revolver capacity, $600 million cash, no commercial paper outstanding and the minimal near-term unfunded obligations. Finally, debt to gross asset value in the second quarter was 37%. I'll close with a few comments on the third quarter. As Justin described in SHOP, spot occupancy at the end of July is estimated as 80.1%, representing approximately a 50 basis point decline over the course of the month based on interim information provided by Ventas' operators. This compares to a Q2 average monthly occupancy decline of approximately 150 basis points. If current conditions hold, we expect shop occupancy and NOI to sequentially decline in the third quarter albeit at an improved pace versus the $20 million per month average NOI reduction we saw in the second quarter. Nonetheless, the environment remains uncertain.
Our operators' continued emphasis in Q3 is on keeping residents and staff safe and building leads and move-ins with the goal of stabilizing occupancy. We'll account for the Brookdale transaction in the third quarter, which we estimate as a $0.02 to $0.03 per quarter impact going forward versus the second quarter results. In Q3, we expect to fully realize the benefits of reducing our G&A cost structure as well as paying down our revolver. To close, this quarter has underscored, like never before, the importance of a diversified model operated by leading providers. We are confident that we have a portfolio, operators and tenants and team to weather this storm. Looking further ahead, healthcare real estate continues to offer compelling, demographically driven growth potential, and Ventas is well positioned to benefit from these powerful tailwinds. That concludes our prepared remarks. Before we start with Q&A, we are limiting each caller to two questions to be respectful to everyone on the line. Also given the fact we're still remote, we'll ask Debbie to act as quarterback for the Q&A and to pass the football to the Ventas team as needed.
With that, I'll turn the call back to the operator.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Michael Carroll with RBC Capital Markets.
Michael Carroll -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yes, thanks. I wanted to talk a little bit about the seniors housing trends, I guess, the leading indicators. It looked like in July, the improvement of up 70% over the prior year is similar to June. Does that mean that the leads trends is flat or are we continuing to see an increase as we go through July and beyond?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Mike. Justin will take that one.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
So if you look closely at the numbers, you'll see this is on page 13 of the investor deck that we shared. The total number is up. So we have 13,000 over 13,000 leads in July; we had a little close to 12,500 in June. There was a little bit of slowness around the 4th of July, as reported by our operators. But altogether, we really view this as an improving trend. The percent versus prior year is just there for reference.
Michael Carroll -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And then can we talk a little bit about the move-outs. I mean, honestly, they're still below the historical trend. Do you expect some of those voluntary move-outs to kind of pick up as we kind of hit the stabilized level kind of as we move through the post COVID environment? Or do you think it will stay low until a vaccine actually comes through?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Well, in regards to move-outs, they've been relatively consistent versus prior year levels, except for the month of April, which we've mentioned was driven by New York, New Jersey. And we're not getting any reports of pent-up move-outs or any really notable drivers that would change the trend. So we expect move-outs really to be relatively stable, absent any external circumstances we're not aware of today. And the big focus is really just to see leads and ultimately move-ins to overcome the move-outs over time.
Michael Carroll -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And your next question is from Nick Joseph with Citi.
Nick Joseph -- Citi -- Analyst
Thanks. Debbie, you mentioned the potential continued government support on the senior housing side or kind of the need for it. How do you view the probability, timing and potential structure of any support that could come about?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, the industry has a very strong case to tell. Essentially, the senior living care providers care for the largest group of seniors. The vast majority of the seniors are 85 and over, many have significant comorbidities. And importantly, the clinical record of the senior care providers and keeping seniors safe has been far superior than in other sectors that have received significant support. So all of the policy predicates for receiving support from HHS to mitigate the financial costs of the COVID pandemic are there. And really, it's just a question of continuing to educate the policymakers on those key points and continuing to, again, respectfully request their financial support. And we're hopeful, but remaining cautious around our outreach.
Nick Joseph -- Citi -- Analyst
And then just on the senior housing portfolio, I think you talked about the sequential same-store pool outperforming. You mentioned LGM for July. What's the sequential occupancy change for the annual same-store pool, so for the smaller pool? I think you quoted 50 basis points on the sequential side.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I'll take I'll ask Justin or Bob to take that question.
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I just want to clarify the question. Was that the you wanted the year-over-year occupancy change?
Nick Joseph -- Citi -- Analyst
No, the sequential change in July for the 340 same-store pool that's on the annual basis because I think the 50 basis points you talked about was for the 390 properties and includes LGM.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
It is because the sequential pool contains that. So Nick, we don't have that broken out, but we can take that offline with you.
Nick Joseph -- Citi -- Analyst
Thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Jonathan Hughes with Raymond James.
Jonathan Hughes -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Hey, good morning.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning.
Jonathan Hughes -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Looking at the slide deck on page 17 and Bob, I believe you referenced this other triple-net senior housing portfolio in your remarks. What's the plan there? I know you're going to try to collect the rents, like you said, but any plans to sell or maybe retenant those properties? Just curious about the outlook there.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
We are really happy. As we've said, that we have reached these attractive transactions with our biggest triple-net senior housing operators, Capital Senior, Holiday and Brookdale, and I will turn it over to Justin to address the remaining 40%.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Thank you, Debbie. This other pool contains many operators. There's only one operator within it that's more than 1% of our NOI. The rest really, it's very diverse, too. I mean, they're diverse from a geographic standpoint, they're diverse from the standpoint of how the pandemic has impacted performance. There are certainly different product types mixed in. And then there's also different credit profiles within each of the operators, and they all have slightly different coverage ratios. So there's a lot of moving parts that we've been evaluating. Certainly, it's something we've kept a very close eye on. There are a few operators, in particular, that we've been more focused on, and there's just one that has a little bit more than 1% of the NOI, and that's had most of our focus, and we anticipate having a resolution with them relatively soon. But I think what's the key takeaway is the bigger and higher priority leases have been addressed already. We have a track record of taking action, and then we have certainly a close eye on all the dynamics I just described to determine any actions we may take moving forward.
Jonathan Hughes -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Okay. Fair enough. That's helpful. And then just one more for me. And I say this with all due respect to you, Debbie, but has the Board discussed succession planning for the day when you maybe decide to take a step back from running the business and laid out who will be filling your shoes. I would just appreciate any color there, if you can share it as the only Board member on the call.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I can tell you that our Board we have a great Board. Our Board is very experienced and very independent. Obviously, succession planning, regardless of the tenure or age of a CEO, is one of the core functions of any board, and I can assure you that our Board performs all of its duties in an exceptionally positive and good way, and that would include succession. And I've always been really proud of the deep and experienced Ventas team that we have and that we've continued to augment this year. So you should feel really good about that.
Jonathan Hughes -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Okay, got it. I appreciate the answer. Thanks for the time this morning.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
You bet. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question is from Rich Anderson with SMBC Global.
Rich Anderson -- SMBC Global -- Analyst
Thanks, good morning. Bob, you mentioned the $20 million NOI monthly average in decline during the second quarter, and then you thought there would be improvement in the third quarter from that run rate. What does that imply in the third quarter, as you're looking at this, if you break it out between occupancy and rate?
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
You know qualitatively, Rich sorry, qualitatively, the story in the third quarter, we expect a sequential decline on occupancy and in the bottom line. And it really will be led by two things that will determine that; one is the pace of the occupancy decline, which we've seen good trends there as you see in the deck; and then secondly, RevPOR, and RevPOR is really a function of the pricing environment in the market. Those will be the key drivers. Cost, sequentially, we expect will not be a key driver. It's really going to be revenue driven. But all in, we expect that sequential decline, the pace of that decline to improve versus that $20 million you referenced.
Rich Anderson -- SMBC Global -- Analyst
Right. And so I am asking if you can break out the occupancy assumption in that decline. Is it 50 basis points what you've been...
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I mean, it's really going to depend on how August and September play out, Rich.
Rich Anderson -- SMBC Global -- Analyst
All right. Fair enough. Second question. So listening to your closest peers, PEAK has sort of said their area of growth going forward is more in life science and medical office, Welltower has been more thinking about growing in senior housing. So two different choices there, which is good for investors. You always want choice. Where does Ventas stand on that on a go-forward basis based on the experience you had? Is senior housing still something that you would consider a vital growth area for the company? Or will you sort of turn your attention incrementally elsewhere, not saying you'll abandon, but just what you're thinking going forward from this?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks. I mean, obviously, capital allocation is something that's extremely important. We start out with a view that we price diversification by geography, by asset class, by operator. We found it to be a tremendous strength over a long period of time. Over the past several years, our focus really has been on growing the MOB, life science and R&I development business, and that has been a capital allocation priority and, again, is serving us really well. Our team is active really across sectors, although I would say that we would likely prioritize, again, the life science, R&I development and MOB businesses, while at the same time, I would say we have terrific exposure to upside in senior housing in a variety of ways. It is a significant part of our business. So we're happy about that for when the business turns, but we would continue to be very selective in our senior housing investments were we to make any at this time.
Rich Anderson -- SMBC Global -- Analyst
Great color. Thanks, Debbie. Thanks, everyone.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
All right. Be well.
Operator
Our next question is from Vikram Malhotra with Morgan Stanley.
Vikram Malhotra -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Thanks for taking the question. Good morning, everyone. Just maybe first on seniors housing. Thanks for all the color and the detail you provided in the deck, very useful. I just want to understand on slide 13, where you show kind of the spot point-to-point movements and move-in, move-outs. Typically, does the sort of end of the month benefit from just lower move-outs, meaning is it somewhat sort of contractual when these when people move out? And I'm just trying to the 10 bps increase, is it more of a function of it seems like move-ins were higher, but I just want to clarify, is it more of a function of move-ins outpacing move-outs or vice versa?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I'm going to ask Justin to take that, and he will school all of us on the operating trends.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
The first thing I'd say is it's not really a direct connection between the chart and the bottom right and the move-ins and move-outs reflected on the left. Move-ins and move-outs are really recorded on a month and the bottom right is really showing a weekly trend. And so if you're trying to do some math and correlate the 2, it's going to be difficult. But I will point this out, and this hopefully is helpful to you, it's really an age-old rule in the sector that the vast majority of move-in activity happens on the last day of the month. And then the vast majority of move-out activity happens on the first day of the month. And so that as you look across this trend here, and you can see it on a weekly basis, it clearly plays out that way. And that just gives you a feel for how the two work together to ultimately net occupancy.
Vikram Malhotra -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Okay. Okay. That's helpful. And just, I guess, second question, still on senior housing, maybe sticking with you, Justin. You've talked about the you've given us a lot of data on the leads. But maybe you can just size the so-called pent-up demand for us maybe as a percent of occupancy, just how should we think about? And how should we think about that in terms of the when it impacts? Is it a third quarter impact, assuming everything remains open, is it just a gradual kind of bump to whatever move-in, move-out activity we see. How should we think about this pent-up demand?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Well, I'll tell you, the short answer is we really don't know for sure. And there's encouraging trends. As we've all mentioned, I think the one that I was most encouraged about, quite frankly, was the clinical outcomes. As the U.S. had increases in new cases with COVID-19, our portfolio resisted that trend. And all the credit goes to our operators for protecting the health and safety of all of our residents, and that's a real credit. But I bring that up because the virus is a bit unpredictable as well, and that's the big backdrop that we're facing. We are encouraged, though, by two things; one is the fact that we're starting to offer a lifestyle within our communities that more residents are attracted to where they can move about and do activities and participate in dining and visit most importantly visit their loved ones, and we're really encouraged to see the improvement in leads. So the demand characteristics are improving, and they look good. But it's a bit too early to start making predictions about additional demand at this stage.
Vikram Malhotra -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Okay. But just to clarify, the leads, if we I'm just trying to understand the needs-based nature of assisted living, and the independent living is probably a little bit less needs based. But if you take the leads and think about this as a percent of the whole resident population, is that a rough way to think about the occupancy impact, or maybe just help us size it a bit.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Yes, I'm not really sure how to size it more than what we've shown you here. You can see, if you look at page 13, and then you just look at you can see the trend, particularly in the top two boxes, you can see the leads, you can see how the leads are translating into move-ins. The things we look at, we look at conversion ratios, we look at lead volume. And there has been strong conversions in our need-based product. Our independent living benefits from longer length of stay. So they've had less dependency to maintain occupancy on new move-in traffic. And all of this is working together really to create the outcome that we've been reporting. There's a lot of moving parts in a big diversified portfolio. I don't know I'm going to place really pinpoint anything more on that.
Vikram Malhotra -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Okay. No worries. I can follow-up. Yes. I think it will be helpful just maybe get a sense of the just historically how leads have what the conversion rates and just the time line. I'm more just interested in trying to understand, is this the lead, is it a six-month thing, is it a 12-month thing or is it just historically, at least, how long has that conversion taken place? But I can follow-up offline.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Nick Yulico with Scotiabank.
Nick Yulico -- Scotiabank -- Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everyone. First question is just going back to this issue of move-ins being still below where they were pre-COVID. And I'm wondering if there's any data that you're getting from prospective residents on why they're delaying move-ins and for how long because clearly, you've had a rebound off the bottom, but leads, move-ins are still down 20%, 25% versus last year. And I think there's a lot of debate right now about whether we should be looking at these improvements in move-ins and leads versus the bottom and making an interpretation that there's going to keep being linear improvement, or the other way to look at it is that you had pent-up demand that you didn't capture in April, happened in June, July, but structurally, there's still not as much demand for move-ins as there was a year ago and this could persist because of COVID still being an issue. So is there any way anything you have, you could share with us on that?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Good question. Let me start and then I'll turn it over to Justin. So basically, again, as you say, we are encouraged by the sustained improvement in demand that we saw from the April time frame to where we are now. And it has I think it's more in the former category of your question rather than the latter. It's a need-based business, it's demographically driven. Obviously, if you just watch the news, there's going to be a psychological impact on individuals and families willingness and readiness to move-in. And I think that has had an effect. What we are happy about seeing is in places like New York, where that was the epicenter and, obviously, early and where there was a deep psychological and clinical impact of the pandemic, Atria, for example, had a July that was better than it had last July, significantly so, and better than June. So I almost think of it as a time series, where you start to see the virus. At some point, it effects, it then we're a lagging indicator, let me say. And then it may affect move-ins either because of psychology or because the communities are restricted to do move-ins, as Justin said. And then at some point, the cases get under control and improvements are made, communities move back into the green and can offer richer lifestyle and over time, psychology improves, people feel more confident. We have testing protocols.
And then you can see an improvement in the trends. And we're seeing this on a geographical basis operating exactly as I've described. Within the U.S. at this time with New York, at this point, starting to show some stronger trends, having been a month or two or three away from the real nadir of the pandemic there. And what's also encouraging is that in the regions where the virus is more widespread, the south and the west, we've learned a lot clinically and treatments are better, protocols are better and, therefore, clinical results are better, which is keeping more communities open to new residents. And so this is a multifaceted situation. As we've said, remains uncertain. We have to be very humble in our expectations about our ability to predict the future. But so far, we're seeing the sustained positive trend. So I hope that puts it in perspective for you and answers your question.
Nick Yulico -- Scotiabank -- Analyst
Yes. That's helpful. My second question is just going back to that straight line rent receivable write-off. I just want to be clear, that does that the $53 million that's on slide 17, does that exclude Holiday and Brookdale and then also, in terms of that rent that was cited here, the $80 million of annual cash rent, did you actually collect 100% of that rent in the second quarter?
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. I'll take that one. The answer to the first question is Holiday and Brookdale are not in that $53 million. And the second question is, we have collected all of the rents that we expected on these eight tenants. So this is really a go-forward assessment of future rents, meaning that we're fully current.
Nick Yulico -- Scotiabank -- Analyst
Okay. So as a note, if we're just looking at a cash NOI number for the quarter, there's no adjustments we need to make for those tenants?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Nothing material now.
Nick Yulico -- Scotiabank -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question is from Tayo Okusanya with Mizuho.
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
Yes. Good morning, everyone. Bob, it just sounds like excited about difficult season.
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Debbie is more excited.
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
All right. So my first question is really around the senior housing portfolio, both SHOP and triple-net. So you've adjusted the Holiday and Brookdale leases. You've moved some of the smaller tenants to a cash basis. So it sounds like a lot of things people were expecting to happen have happened. The two things I wanted to focus on. First of all, ESL that you guys have kind of indicated a couple of quarters ago seems to be struggling more so than some of the other SHOP operators. Is anything being done at that end to kind of improve things at ESL? And second of all, further diversification of the SHOP portfolio operator group. Any update on that?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Justin?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Let me start with ESL, and I'll revisit a comment I made on the last earnings call where I referenced the improvement the sequential improvement in first quarter performance versus the fourth quarter, and ESL was a contributor to that improvement. So that was a good indicator. Certainly, they have it's a relatively young company, but it's a company that has strengthened their management team. They have a lot of experience at the senior management level. And we've observed really good steps that they've made to strengthen the company and the platform. We've also noted that during this pandemic, which obviously completely changes the performance profile of every company, that they've done really well. They've navigated the pandemic well and just as well as the rest of our operators in the portfolio, and we're very pleased and very proud of the ESL management team for their contributions. In regards to the second part, in terms of diversification, the SHOP operating platform, really, where we've been focused in this stage of the pandemic is supporting existing operators in every way that we can. We've been a little less forward-looking as we've been dealing with the leases that you mentioned, and we've been giving a lot of support to the SHOP operating platform. So that's where our focus has been at this time.
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. My second question is around leverage at about 6.3 net debt to EBITDA, that's a little bit higher than your peers. Just kind of curious, target leverage for the company and any other additional plans going forward to delever, whether it's naturally by an improvement in EBITDA growth post-pandemic, or how do you kind of think about leverage overall in regards to our target leverage ratio?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, that would be our first choice, it's improving EBITDA. I'll turn it over to Bob to answer.
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Right. That's plan A. This is the same question, I'm sure you're asking everybody in the REIT sector Tayo, because we're all seeing the same sorts of leverage pressure just toward the EBITDA degradation, which ultimately we believe is timing. And we believe in the stabilization and the recovery in senior housing, particularly, and so that's the key. In the meantime, the focus is on liquidity, first and foremost, and we're in a great spot there. We remain committed to a strong balance sheet. We have a long track record of being within that five to 6 times range. And when we've gone out, we found a way back in for net debt to EBITDA. So it's I'm sure a conversation in every boardroom, but is really a timing issue in my mind.
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And then just if you could indulge me with one more question. Again, acquisitions, right now, again, not a lot going on industrywide. But can you just kind of tell us a little bit about what you're seeing out there, cap rates for some of your major kind of sector you're interested in, is that changing? Is that moving? Is nothing really happening?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
You're an abuser, but I'll give you one tidbit. So I mean, obviously, we're very pleased that we got into the life science business and have expanded that part of our business, and have a long-standing commitment to hospital affiliated medical office buildings, mostly on-campus, as Pete described. And the cap rates for research and innovation or life science have continued to stay strong and, in many cases, have even strengthened further. So that's a little tidbit for you that has enhanced the value of our portfolio.
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
All right.
Operator
Our next question is from Jordan Sadler with KeyBanc Capital Markets.
Jordan Sadler -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you. Good morning, And I will keep it to the two questions, for sure. First, I wanted to follow-up on the triple-net seniors housing business. In the business update on page 17, there is a reference to the other all other triple-net tenants at 1.3 times EBITDARM through 1Q. So I'm assuming, given the performance mirrors what you're seeing in the SHOP portfolio, that continues to dip, and that's probably what precipitated the write-offs. But any incremental color you can give us around what those write-offs portend for the $80 million of annual rent for those eight tenants or for the rest of that portfolio?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
So again, that's about $170 million of cash rent. It's all relatively small tenants, as Justin said. These tenants are performing on an aggregate basis, substantially better than the Capital Senior, Brookdale and Holiday tenants were prior to the pandemic. They certainly will feel the same pressures of the sector that the SHOP operators are feeling directionally, but may have different credit profiles, different geographies, different business models, etc, that could make the outcomes vary. And also, I would just say that really, the outcomes are going to be really dependent upon basically, what the trajectory of the property performance is going forward, whether there is some kind of government relief for the industry, what the credit support that we have for the individual leases is and, obviously, where the pandemic goes. And so I think we've really demonstrated a commitment to being decisive and proactive, creative, whatever word you want to use, and you have our commitment to continue to do so. But as Bob said, we will continue to try to collect our rents.
Jordan Sadler -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. That's fair. And then Bob, I believe you did touch base on the Colony loan, I heard a mention, but I think the $40 million allowance was unrelated to that. Can you maybe speak to what the assessment is of the Colony loan at this point?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Bob, I'll take that. I mean, that's correct. It was not in the $40 million. And the Colony loan is a LIBOR-based loan, and there continues to be, for the time being, very significant cushion between the cash flow of the collateral and the debt service.
Jordan Sadler -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Joshua Dennerlein with Bank of America.
Joshua Dennerlein -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hey, good morning, everyone. Thanks for the question. I guess I'm curious to hear you've had any communities that maybe went from that kind of red like restricting move-ins to green where they're allowing move-ins to back now that COVID cases are rising across the country?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
We as Justin said, we are glad that in the greens and even yellow, we have record levels of communities now offering the richer environment to seniors really since the beginning of the pandemic. And Justin, can you talk about the movement that we've seen perhaps as the virus has moved in the country?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Sure. So if you we were to talk about the month of July, one way to look at this is that 99% of our communities, at any given time, were open; and 1% were not taking move-ins. But even within that, there was movement, and among the segments there was movement. So frankly, I think there's around 30 communities that actually moved backwards among the segments. But then we had just as many or close as many approved. So there is a little bit of movement back and forth. But very few communities, quite frankly, that are involved in the movement throughout the month of July, and the net result, of course, is very positive to see the vast majority of the portfolio offering the more robust lifestyle.
Joshua Dennerlein -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Okay. Okay. Sounds like the rising COVID cases hasn't been a big impact. And then maybe touching base on expenses going forward, how should we think about operators' ability to flex labor? I'm assuming a lot of folks cut their marketing budgets. What are the kind of expectations for ramping that back up? And maybe how that might impact move-ins and leads going forward?
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Bob, do you want to take that?
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Kind of a gas and clutch answer, I think, to that question because, again, we saw $42 million of direct COVID costs in the second labor and supplies and PP&E and so on. And we expect just because of the protocol necessary to keep residents safe, and we're going to continue to see that kind of expense. At the same time, some of the offset, and this really was better than we had expected from the last time we talked, was on other mitigating costs. And you mentioned, for example, sales and marketing costs which, again, as you have more communities in segments one and 2, we'll have less marketing costs. So I would expect as we have more activity on the sales side, you'll see some increase in the costs there. Meanwhile, we can begin to dampen some of the pressure on the direct costs just because per unit costs are going down and are managing the labor very efficiently. So I mentioned earlier to a question of kind of flattish, if I thought about sequential opex, and it's really that gas and clutch phenomenon that's driving that.
Joshua Dennerlein -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Got it, thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Steve Valiquette with Barclays.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
Hey, thanks. Good morning, Debbie, and Bob, thanks for taking the questions.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
So I just had a couple on the Brookdale restructuring. First, I guess, it seemed to us that Ventas was focused on gaining some liquidity as part of that restructured Brookdale agreement with the $235 million of upfront consideration. So I guess, first, I'm wondering if you can just speak to a little more of your thoughts on wanting to gain some upfront cash as opposed to maybe absorbing a smaller rent reduction unless that's the nearest characterization, of course, and then I'll have an accounting follow-up question on Brookdale after this one.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure thing. So we think the Brookdale deal is a really well balanced, thoughtful structure that's really customized to create some significant key benefits for Ventas, of course, but also for Brookdale. So we are trying to balance creating certainty for our shareholders, a sustainable rent stream and that's really important over the as we still and the industry still is combating COVID. We wanted to create significant opportunity for upside, which we did through the 8% warrant in Brookdale, so that we have the opportunity to hear an industry recovery and, in particular, at Brookdale, not only on our own portfolio, but also on their own portfolio, so a broader-based upside participation opportunity. And of course, getting the cash upfront and all the upfront consideration really replaces over 2.5 years of the cash rent reduction that we gave. And so we thought that was really great. And in the meanwhile, we did improve lease coverage and we created a better, stronger, more stable tenant overall. And that was really a very thoughtful, again, I think, very mutually beneficial type of transaction that accomplished the objectives of both companies.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And then the accounting question around this separate from the rent reduction, you had that statement in the press release that Ventas expects to recognize the full value of the upfront consideration from Brookdale ratably over the remaining base term of lease.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Correct.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
I just want to confirm, as you divide that $235 million and recognize that, presumably, I guess, quarterly over the next five years or so, will that show up in one of the other income lines as opposed to property revenue? I'm assuming it will still flow into NOI, but I just want to make sure I understand which line that will flow into.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Great question. I'm going to hand that over to Bob.
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes, it's treated as deferred revenue flowing through NOI, so that and amortized over the remaining period of at least 5.5 years.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I think of it as prepaid rent, but they won't let me let me write it that way, but that's sort of what I think about.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
So will it show up as property revenue, though, in terms of how we should think about it?
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes.
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. Okay, thank you.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Lukas Hartwich with Green Street Advisors.
Lukas Hartwich -- Green Street Advisors -- Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. I was hoping you could go a little bit deeper into MOB performance this quarter.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Lukas. I know that Pete Bulgarelli has been awaiting that question. So Pete, I'm going to turn it over to you.
Peter J. Bulgarelli -- Executive Vice President, Office; President and CEO, Lillibridge Healthcare Services
Yes. Thanks so much, Lukas, for asking a question. Appreciate that. Yes. So this quarter, we're actually very happy with the MOB performance, particularly given COVID condition. We have a substantial amount of paid parking that took, as you might not be surprised, a hit in the second quarter. We were down in paid parking by over $2.6 million for the quarter. In addition, we had premium cleaning costs. Our protocol was when we were aware of someone walking through our building, a patient walking through a building, who is COVID positive, we would do a deep clean in the premises as well as the lobbies in all common areas. So there is substantial cleaning costs. And then in addition, in the second quarter of 2019 and we had some fairly large offsets on the operating expenses, such as real estate tax appeals that came in during the second quarter. So it was a poor comparison; tough comparison in the second quarter on the expense line. Does that answer your question?
Lukas Hartwich -- Green Street Advisors -- Analyst
Yes, perfect. Yes. And then sorry, my next question is on senior housing. But I'm just curious what your senior housing operators in terms of how they're preparing for the fall. Are they preparing to go back into quarantine mode? Or how are they thinking about it? I understand there's a lot of uncertainty, but I'm just curious how they're preparing for it.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good question. We sit here at the beginning of August, and there's obviously a lot of uncertainty in schools and other types of settings. And I'll ask Justin to really comment on what the operators are doing as it relates to the fall protocol.
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Thank you, Debbie. The one thing I would just point to is just the approaches that our operators have used to keep our residents safe. And you actually see it in investor deck on page 15, it falls into three categories; there's screening, which is something as a practice, they really started it right way, and then you're familiar with daily temperature checks and symptom screening and the health questionnaires that happen; and then the protecting, which has to do with social distancing and PPE and resident cohorts and cleaning and disinfecting; and then testing has been widely utilized across our operators as well. So all of those have been things have been working together to create an environment that is safe for our residents and our employees.
And as you can see, really from everything we've shared and both on the call and through the materials, so that the results have been good. And so as long as those trends persist, we would expect to see communities open and accepting move-ins and allowing for residents to move about safely among in the community and have visitation with relatives that is really, really important to the residents and but done so in a very safe way in a restricted manner. So at this time, the trend really is leaning more toward opening. And certainly, as we've seen in our own portfolio, that if there is a new infection or new infections that find their way into a community, they may reverse course a bit. But the overwhelming trend has really been more toward opening at this point.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
And it's also going to be interesting to see whether all of the processes that have been adopted and the heightened sensitivity is really going to have any measurable positive effects on the spread of influenza in the fall. And we don't yet know that, there are various hypotheses floating around, but that will be an interesting it will be an interesting test case this year to see whether that shows better trends than usual. So we'll have to wait and see on that.
Lukas Hartwich -- Green Street Advisors -- Analyst
Thank you. Appreciate it.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And our final question comes from the line of Sarah Tan with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Sarah Tan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Hi, This is Sarah, on for Mike Mueller. The question is for Justin. Just wondering how sensitive has the move-in and tour trends been trending in markets where you see virus flareups and has progress stall when that happened?
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
That's a great question. And if you can look at if you look at the deck we provided, if you go to page 14, then you can see that we've included a map that describes what I'm going to tell you. And that is that the to Debbie's point earlier, where we had the most impact really from the virus in the early stages was in New York and New Jersey. But the virus peak in that geography is well behind us as well. And the highest lead and move-in trend right now in recent weeks is really in the northeast, primarily in New York and New Jersey. But having said that, away from that outlier, it's very consistently improving all across the country. And you can see it as we reflect it, we have the size of the circle on this page that reflects the NOI concentration. The color really reflects that the state is reflecting the number of new cases per 100,000 population and the general population. So it indicates whether or not there's increased virus spread in the general population. And then the color of the circle is really about the move-in versus prior year. And you can see there's a lot of green circles and irregardless of what's happening externally with the virus. And that's an indicator of the demand for our services. And as I said, we're seeing that across all geographies.
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
And part of it also is the ability of the buildings to stay in the more rich resident experience, which encourages move-ins. And again, that's a very it's a very unpredictable trend and communities, as Justin said, are moving in and out of this frequently and depending on virus activity. But overall, I think the math presents the right picture at this moment in time. But again, we want to be cautious and humble about the predictive abilities going forward. So if there are no further questions, I really want to thank everyone for their attendance today, for their interest in our company, for their participation. And I hope you and yours stay vigilant and safe, and we look forward to seeing you on the other side of this thing. Take care.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 78 minutes
Call participants:
Sarah Whitford -- Investor Relations
Debra A. Cafaro -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
J. Justin Hutchens -- Executive Vice President, Senior Housing, North America
Peter J. Bulgarelli -- Executive Vice President, Office; President and CEO, Lillibridge Healthcare Services
Robert F. Probst -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Michael Carroll -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Nick Joseph -- Citi -- Analyst
Jonathan Hughes -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Rich Anderson -- SMBC Global -- Analyst
Vikram Malhotra -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Nick Yulico -- Scotiabank -- Analyst
Tayo Okusanya -- Mizuho -- Analyst
Jordan Sadler -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Joshua Dennerlein -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Steve Valiquette -- Barclays -- Analyst
Lukas Hartwich -- Green Street Advisors -- Analyst
Sarah Tan -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
