Rain Therapeutics Inc. (RAIN) Q4 2021 Earnings Call Transcript

Rain Therapeutics Inc. (RAIN)
Q4 2021 Earnings Call
Mar 03, 2022, 4:30 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the business highlights conference call. [Operator instructions] Please be advised this call is being recorded. [Operator instructions] I would now like to hand the conference over to your host today, Kristy Grabowski.

Please go ahead.

Kristy Grabowski -- Director, Investor Relations Communications

Thank you, operator, and good afternoon, everyone. With me today on the phone are Avanish Vellanki, chief executive officer; Robert Doebele, chief scientific officer; Richard Bryce, chief medical officer; and Nelson Cabatuan, senior vice president, finance. During today's call, Avanish will provide an overall business update. Richard will provide an update on Rain's clinical programs.

Bob will provide an update on research efforts, and Nelson will review the financials. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that statements made during this conference call that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based upon Rain's current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of various risks and uncertainties as described in Rain's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

All forward-looking statements made during this conference call are based on management's assumptions and estimates as of today, March 3, 2022. Rain undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after today, except as required by law. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Avanish Vellanki, CEO of Rain Therapeutics. Avanish?

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Kristy, and thanks to everyone for joining us for our fourth quarter earnings call. In this most recent quarter and since the end of 4Q, Rain continues to advance the milademetan program with two clinical trials currently active and enrolling and two additional clinical trials planned. As a reminder, we may refer to milademetan as mila on occasion. First and foremost, our Phase 3 trial, the MANTRA study for mila in patients with liposarcoma is proceeding according to plan with sites being activated on a regular basis around the world.

At the end of 2021, we exceeded the number of site activations that we had articulated as a goal and continue to be on pace for all sites to be up and running by the end of the first quarter of this year. As a potential registration-enabling study, there is no interim read with final data anticipated in 2023. Richard will provide some more color here. Second, in November of 2021, we announced that the first patient had been dosed in the Phase 3 tumor-agnostic MANTRA-2 study.

This trial will evaluate mila in a signal-finding basket trial across approximately 65 patients in the U.S. with solid tumors that exhibit strong MDM2 gene amplification. We anticipate to reveal early data from this trial in the second half of this year. Third, we announced the MANTRA-3 study in the fourth quarter and articulated that it will be focused on patients with Merkel cell carcinoma that test positive for the Merkel cell polyomavirus.

The majority or up to 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas are induced by a virus. This virus induces MDM2 protein overexpression and its p53 wildtype. We will enroll second-line patients relapsing checkpoint inhibitors where there is an immense unmet need. We now anticipate this trial to start in the second half of this year, engaged upon progress of our first two trials so that we may better control the timing of expenses as we strive to maintain our fiscal prudence.

Finally, for our fourth trial for milademetan, which we are calling the MANTRA-4 study, Rain intends to combine milademetan with Roche's PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, atezolizumab, in our first combination trial. This initial combination trial has a goal of confirming an appropriate combinatorial dose for the two agents and evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this combination in a cancer population that could exceed 35,000 patients per year in the U.S. The MANTRA-4 study will represent another tumor-agnostic basket trial, this time in patients with p53 wildtype cancers that have lost function of the gene CDKN2A. The MANTRA-4 study is anticipated to commence in the second half of this year.

We also held an R&D day in November of 2021 which featured several key opinion leaders in oncology, along with members of Rain's management team, who discussed the company's R&D program, as well as select clinical and preclinical data. We encourage interested parties to review the materials on our website. While we continue to focus on the most sensitive MDM2-dependent cancers and have outlined four distinct strategies for milademetan, it's perhaps key to emphasize that our cash balance is sufficient to complete all of these trials and should help inform the best manner to deploy future investment into the milademetan franchise. We're very excited about the potential for a range of opportunities for mila having a meaningful impact on patient care.

Regarding our research program for inhibitors of RAD52, the preclinical work continues to move forward, and we're very excited to note substantial improvements in both potency and selectivity of Rain-generated compounds versus the initial set of compounds we acquired from our licensing efforts. However, in order to prioritize our resources on the milademetan clinical trials to ensure ample cash cushion for the key data inflection points and in light of what the biotech capital markets have been doing, we will moderate the pace of expansion for the RAD52 effort. We plan to update investors on next steps for this program as details become available. With that, I'd like to turn it over to our chief medical officer, Dr.

Richard Bryce.

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Thank you, Avanish, and good afternoon, everyone. Following on from our last earnings call in November 2021 where we announced we are progressing with site activations throughout the U.S. and rest of the world for our pivotal Phase 3 MANTRA study of milademetan compared to trabectedin in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, I can report that we were ahead of expectations to site activations at the end of the year 2021, and we anticipate having all sites activated before the end of this month. Patient enrollment continues as expected.

As a reminder, this pivotal trial will compare milademetan monotherapy at our preferred dose of 260 milligrams and three out of 14 day schedule to the approved agent, Yondelis, or trabectedin, which has a published median progression-free survival in the dedifferentiated liposarcoma patient population of 2.2 months. In the prior 107-patient clinical trial at milademetan in which 53 patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma were enrolled, the lowest median PFS observed was 6.3 months. At our preferred dosing schedule, a median PFS of 7.4 months was observed, representing a greater than threefold improvement versus trabectedin. Our Phase 3 trial is proud to show a doubling of benefit.

We anticipate final data in 2023, but we'll refine that guidance as we move through enrollment. I am pleased to announce that the first patient was dosed in our second trial, the MANTRA-2 basket trial in November. The MANTRA-2 study is currently planned to run only in the United States, and all primary sites are expected to be activated by the end of this month with additional just-in-time sites being opened as necessary from referrals from the Tempus and Caris genomic testing services. This trial is open to patients with tumors that have p53 wildtype and have a specific threshold of MDM2 amplification.

As previously reported, we have defined MDM2 amplification for the purposes of the clinical trial as a minimum gene copy number of 12. And as discussed in the third quarter call, this threshold is chosen because the high gene amplification at these levels has been shown to essentially exclude concomitant p53 mutations, thereby ensuring MDM2 as the oncogenic driver in these tumors. We anticipate enrolling 65 patients across a range of solid tumors, and the treatment protocol is the same as in the registrational MANTRA trial, that is with milademetan dosed to 260 milligrams orally, once daily for three consecutive days out of 14. We anticipate an interim analysis and early data readout in the second half of this year.

Also, as announced in November, we plan to evaluate the efficacy of milademetan as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma in the second-line setting, i.e., for patients who are refractory or resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor, which we call the MANTRA-3 trial. We note MDM2 inhibition appears to have gained validation in the Merkel cell carcinoma based on other programs, whereas we believe the improved tolerability of milademetan may offer improved responses and durability. In the second-line setting, post checkpoint inhibitors, the commonly used chemo doublet of carboplatin and etoposide exhibits very short durability of response, and no survival benefits has been published from treatments in this setting. We anticipate commencing the MANTRA-3 trial in the second half of this year, and we believe this indication has a high probability of a favorable outcome.

At the beginning of January, we announced plans to conduct a Phase 1 clinical trial, MANTRA-4, to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of milademetan in combination with Roche's atezolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors with loss of CDKN2A gene function and wildtype p53. We'll talk more about the mechanism shortly. This will be a dose-deescalation study design, where we will start at the full doses of both milademetan, again, the 260 milligrams in three out of 14 day schedule, and the approved dose of atezolizumab or Tecentriq on the Q4 week schedule. We will reduce the dose of milademetan if we observe a dose-limiting toxicity.

However, as we would not anticipate any overlapping toxicity between milademetan and atezolizumab, this trial could effectively become a 30-patient efficacy signal-finding basket trial across a range of solid tumor types. We're anticipating starting MANTRA-4 in the second half of this year. Upon a favorable safety signal, subsequent Phase 2 clinical trials may evaluate combination of milademetan and atezolizumab in various additional tumor types. To conclude, we have outlined four clinical trials of milademetan, led by the flagship MANTRA pivotal Phase 3 trial in liposarcoma.

The MANTRA-2 and MANTRA-4 trials reflect unique basket study approaches and with MANTRA-3 and Merkel cell carcinoma representing an important unmet medical need. We look forward to presenting some data later this year from the MANTRA-2 basket study, and the MANTRA-3 and MANTRA-4 trials will start in the second half of this year. Let me now turn it over to our chief scientific officer, Dr. Bob Doebele.

Bob?

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Thanks, Richard, and good afternoon, everyone. Since acquiring milademetan in September 2020, Rain's team has been working diligently to identify and validate the most relevant cancer populations for this MDM2 inhibitor. Our work has recently culminated in the presentation of multiple abstracts at conferences in October 2021, including the AACR-NCI-EORTC virtual international conference on molecular targets and cancer therapeutics, highlighting important preclinical collaborations with researchers around the world. We also hosted our first Rain research and development day in November 2021.

This event featured both clinical and research experts who highlighted multiple opportunities for the use of milademetan in different tumor settings where MDM2 plays a critical role. These presentations provide support for Rain's clinical strategy and prioritization of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and MDM2-amplified agnostic tumor strategy, and Merkel cell carcinoma. These presentations also help to provide the basis for exploration of clinical trials and other indications, such as breast cancer and other larger cancer populations. More recently, we were excited to announce an initial Phase 1 clinical trial, MANTRA-4, as part of a new collaboration with Roche for the supply of atezolizumab or Tecentriq.

As Avanish stated, the MANTRA-4 trial is anticipated to enroll patients with any solid tumors harboring CDKN2A loss and wildtype p53. CDKN2A encodes for the tumor suppressor p14ARF, an inhibitor of MDM2, and the loss of CDKN2A may lead to MDM2-dependent cancers. CDKN2A alterations are very frequent in cancer. Loss of CDKN2A occurs in the context of wildtype p53 in more than 35,000 patients per year in the United States.

Preclinical data in a large array of cell lines demonstrates that using only the genetic selection criteria of CDKN2A loss and wildtype p53 predicts for milademetan sensitivity. In vivo data demonstrate milademetan-induced tumor growth inhibition in several tumor xenograft models with CDKN2A loss. Notably, a syngeneic tumor model with CDKN2A loss shows the exciting potential of milademetan combination therapy. The combination of milademetan with a checkpoint inhibitor demonstrated significantly improved activity versus either agent alone.

We also note clinical reports showing checkpoint inhibitor resistance in tumors with CDKN2A loss. We believe reactivation of p53 by MDM2 inhibition will enhance immune surveillance. The MANTRA-4 trial is anticipated to commence in the second half of this year. Subsequent Phase 2 clinical trials, evaluating the combination of milademetan and atezolizumab, may span various additional tumor types.

And with that, let me now turn it over to Nelson to review our financial results. Nelson?

Nelson Cabatuan -- Senior Vice President, Finance

Thank you, Bob, and good afternoon, everyone. I'm pleased to provide an update to our financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2021. I would also like to invite you to review our Form 10-K filed today for more details. For the fourth quarter of 2021, we reported a net loss of $18 million, compared to a net loss of $5.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Research and development expenses were $14.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 as compared to $4.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily driven by R&D costs, mainly for a lead candidate from the ongoing Phase 3 pivotal MANTRA clinical trial, our ongoing Phase 2 tumor-agnostic basket trial, or MANTRA-2, as well as personnel costs. General and administrative expenses were $3.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to $1.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher third-party G&A costs, including personnel, insurance, legal, accounting, and audit, and outside consulting fees.

For the full year 2021, we reported a net loss of $51.4 million, compared to a net loss of $21.1 million in 2020. R&D expense is the main driver of our overall spending. R&D expenses were $40.8 million in 2021 as compared to $15.4 million in 2020. The increase was primarily driven by costs, mainly for milademetan from the ongoing MANTRA and MANTRA-2 clinical trials, as well as personnel costs.

We completed an IPO in late April 2021 which generated net proceeds of $121.5 million. As of December 31, 2021, Rain had $140.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, and we anticipate that our 2021 year-end cash position will provide runway into the first half of 2024, including completion of all our ongoing and planned clinical trials, with an ample cash cushion for the Phase 3 MANTRA data time line in liposarcoma. With the current capital market condition in the biotech industry, we will continue to be more prudent with capital to prioritize data generation for milademetan across the diverse set of cancers. With that, I'll now turn the call over back to Avanish.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Nelson. Without a doubt, the current capital markets environment for biotech signals for many companies that further financing may be challenging. And at Rain, we are comfortable with that based upon the strength of our balance sheet. Rain has been built around efficient trial designs and lean operations.

We will continue to make efficient use of our capital resources in order to achieve key value inflection points for our company and our shareholders. With that, we will turn it back to the operator to take your questions. 

Questions & Answers:

Operator

And thank you. [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from Yigal Nochomovitz from Citigroup. Your line is now open.

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Just a question on the atezo combo. Just wondering, was there any scientific reasoning behind picking a PD-L1 as opposed to a PD-1? Does it matter which way you do that when you combine with milademetan? Thanks. 

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

How are you doing? Thanks for the question. I'll hand it over to Bob.

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Yeah. Thanks for the question. At this time, no, we see no significant scientific differentiation between PD-L1 and PD-1 or significant differences in clinical activity. So at this time, we don't see a reason to distinguish between the 2 for the purposes of the combination trial for MANTRA-4. 

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Got you. And then, Avanish, since you're beating the target on site activation for MANTRA, just curious if you're able to narrow down, at all, whether we're going to get the top line in the first or second half of next year.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, it's a great question. We're not going to refine the guidance just yet. We will do that when we can, and -- but we're not doing that just yet.

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. And then one other question. Just I guess, I want to get your thoughts on the competitive data from Kymera, the MDM2 degrader, the KT-253. I'm assuming you saw the latest slides where they're showing some data in comparison to the MDM2 p53 small molecule inhibitors.

They're arguing that MDM2 degradation is a better approach than inhibition. I'm just curious if I could get your thoughts on that. Thanks.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, happy to address that. And I think, first of all, it certainly does further validate that MDM2 is a target of interest and certainly has broad utility. So we're not surprised that we're seeing other competitors enter the space, and we certainly weren't surprised to see them benchmark their early data against the milademetan program. So let me hand it over to Bob to talk through mechanistically in terms of the degrader approach versus our approach.

Bob?

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Yigal. In terms of the degrader approach, obviously, this is a potential way to inhibit MDM2. At Rain, we still feel that one of the central problems of MDM2 inhibition which we believe that we have solved with our dosing strategy is the on-target toxicity that comes with MDM2 inhibition in normal cells, such as hematopoietic precursor cells, and it's not clear that a degrader strategy addresses that on-target toxicity.

I think as you know, the molecule that we're working with, RAIN-32 or milademetan, is actually quite potent at inhibiting MDM2.

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Thanks. And then regarding the cash preservation, Avanish, any more details on the steps you're taking there to preserve the cash?

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I think the color we can provide is we've, of course, always maintained a pretty close eye on the cash burn. One of the comments that we did make was that we minimized the expansion of the headcount of the company as one of the ways that we're moderating expense. We're still a modestly sized company as a Phase 3 entity.

We're still a very small physical footprint in terms of real estate relative to comparable companies. And all of our studies, right, all of our studies are rather modest in size. So they don't require a level of cash burn that we see typical in the biotech space and the gating mechanism, right? So we have -- we've announced the subsequent two studies, MANTRA-3 and 4. We have a tremendous amount of control in terms of when we flip the switch, and we want to flip the switch and turn those on at a time when we know that we have a clear line of sight toward final data for MANTRA so that we preserve the integrity of completing that study with an ample amount of cash cushion.

So the amount of control we have in turning on various expenses is substantial. 

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. and our next question comes from Michael Schmidt from Guggenheim Securities. Your line is now open.

Yige Guo -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Hey, good afternoon. This is Yige on for Michael. Congrats on the progress, and thanks for taking our questions. I guess a quick one from us.

According to some recent literature, CDKN2A sometimes co-deletion with MTAP. So first of all, do we know how frequent is the co-deletion? And in that case, how would targeting CDKN2A through MDM2 inhibition position relatively to some of the other strategies to target MTAP deletion? Thank you. 

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks for the question, Yige. Let me turn that over to Bob.

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Yeah. Thanks for the question. The co-deletion of MTAP with CDKN2A is thought to be incredibly frequent, probably approaching 100%. It's actually the next adjacent gene to CDKN2A, so it's probably co-deleted in the vast majority, if not all, CDKN2A loss tumors.

I think the relative contribution of the two genes is still being worked out and whether MAT2A or PRMT5 inhibitors may have potential effect in CDKN2A loss tumors or if there are other criteria that need to be factored in, it still remains to be known, but we have been thinking about this question with regard to CDKN2A loss and the use of our milademetan, our preclinical research program.

Yige Guo -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you. 

Operator

And our next question comes from Joe Catanzaro from Piper Sandler. Your line is now open. 

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Perfect. Thanks, guys, for taking my questions here. Maybe the first one on MANTRA-2. I'm wondering if you could speak to the early experience around screening and identifying patients with MDM2 amplification and where expectations are currently for the interim readout expected later this year in terms of number of patients and extent of follow-up.

Thanks, and I have a follow-up.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Joe. Let me turn that one over to Richard.

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Joe, thanks for the question. So MANTRA-2, as you recall, we kicked off in November of last year, first site activated, first patient in. We're still in the process of activating sites, so it's still very early in the game here. Most of the sites really won't be open until the end of this month, so it's still a little bit early to comment on that and the distribution of tumors and other things that are sort of implicit in the question that you asked.

I think, generally, in terms of what data we're going to be able to share toward the end of the year, our expressed opinion is that we hope to come up with a data set of somewhere around 10 to 12 patients with a meaningful duration of follow-up, in other words, four or five months, something of that order. So that's what we're aiming to do, and we're tracking toward that at the moment. That's as best as I can answer at this time.

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

OK. Thanks. That's helpful. And then a follow-up on MANTRA-4.

So Richard, you mentioned the dose deescalation sort of built-in design there. I'm wondering if you could speak to maybe what gives you confidence that you could achieve the full monotherapy doses for each and whether the FDA needs to sign off on this design, given maybe their recent push around identifying the minimally effective dose? So I'm not sure if that applies to the combination strategies as well.

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Sure. No, that's a fair question. So I'll answer the second part first, which is that we will obviously submit the protocol to the IND, and the FDA will have the opportunity to comment, but we don't explicitly need FDA buy in to the design. That's something that we do at risk.

The precedent has already been said. I'm sure you're well aware of the -- a previous study with an MDM2 inhibitor has been run with a checkpoint inhibitor following a very similar process. They had a dose escalation but actually ended up with a full dose of both the checkpoint inhibitor and the MDM2 inhibitor. And I think given what I said before in the introduction here, there are no overlapping toxicities.

We wouldn't expect any reason to deescalate with atezo, compromising the tolerability, if you like, of milademetan or vice versa. So we're very confident that we can save time, effort, money, and patients by going at the top dose of the standard monotherapy doses and see what happens, take it from there.

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

OK. Got it. Thanks for taking my question. 

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Thank you. 

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Corinne Jenkins from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open. 

Mansi Mittal -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Hi. This is Mansi on for Corrine. Thank you for taking my questions. Thanks On MANTRA-2, I wanted to ask about what your plan would be [Inaudible] post the Phase 2 data, if you would be looking to go to FDA to see about the registrational trial? And also, are you thinking about expanding the specific cohorts there?

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

I don't think we got the first part of the question. I think we can address the second part. The second part we heard is how we're thinking about expanding to additional tumor types or cohorts there. Let me turn that over to Richard to talk about the second part, and then maybe we'll have you repeat the first part of your question.

Richard.?

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Sure. So thanks, Corrine, for the question. And regarding the second part, so the study is it's currently designed, as I think we're well aware we've announced before, is 65 patients. We have a cap on the number in any particular tumor type that comes in, and that's around 12 or so.

And so really, what we'll be looking at, first of all, we're setting off on a tumor-agnostic approach. We would expect and hope to see similar responses across all tumor types. Given the mechanism of action, there shouldn't really be any differentiation between them. But it will give us an opportunity as the data accumulates to see whether there is greater successes, greater responses, greater durability of responses in some types and others that may give an indication to sort of move forward than one particular strategy or one particular sort of tumor type or basket of tumor types within that.

But I think the beauty of this particular trial design is that it gives the opportunity to look at -- if you get suboptimal responses, you can look at combination strategies. You can look at building in other things. For example, CDKN2A deletions on top of that as a separate cohort. There's all sorts of ways you can play this game within the sort of construct of the basket study as it stands.

So there's many, many opportunities, and I think it's just a question of waiting to see where we are toward the end of the year and into 2023 as data matures and see what we're actually seeing.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

And could we have you repeat the first part of the question?

Mansi Mittal -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Yeah. So I was talking about the [Inaudible] plan for the MANTRA-2 trial, both the Phase II data that you would be looking to go the FDA, talk about the registrational study.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

I think I heard what quality of data would we look from the MANTRA-2 study to go to the FDA as compelling. Bob, would you like to talk to that?

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Yeah, yeah. So we've thought a lot about what would be compelling efficacy data in the context of an agnostic or basket study. When we initially designed MANTRA-2, the -- we thought that the benchmark for success based on the limited data diagnostic approved drugs, which include two TKIs and a checkpoint inhibitor. The checkpoint inhibitor demonstrated a response rate in the range of about 40% in the basket study, and so our study was designed to achieve a 40% response rate with a lower boundary confident interval of 25%.

Since that time, I think there are programs that are developing that we believe may have lower response rates and may be meaningful. And in fact, when we think about therapies for late-line cancer patients where single-agent chemotherapies are typically the standard of care and response rates may be as low as single-digit percentages or perhaps low teens, we think that that bar could be substantially lower than 40%. But that's how we've been thinking about that trial and the clinical efficacy that we need to see. And of course, that would need to be coupled with reasonable durability as well, probably in the range of five to six months.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Did that answer your question?

Mansi Mittal -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

Yeah. Thank you. 

Operator

And thank you. And I am showing no further questions. I would now like to turn the call back over to Avanish Vellanki for closing remarks.

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, everyone, for dialing in for the fourth quarter earnings results. We look forward to providing an update shortly at the end of the first quarter of '22. Thank you.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 35 minutes

Call participants:

Kristy Grabowski -- Director, Investor Relations Communications

Avanish Vellanki -- Chief Executive Officer

Richard Bryce -- Chief Medical Officer

Robert Doebele -- Chief Scientific Officer

Nelson Cabatuan -- Senior Vice President, Finance

Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citi -- Analyst

Yige Guo -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Mansi Mittal -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst

More RAIN analysis

All earnings call transcripts