Nikola (NKLA) Q1 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Nikola (NKLA -3.23%)
Q1 2023 Earnings Call
May 09, 2023, 10:30 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good morning and welcome to Nikola Corporation first quarter 2023 earnings and business update call. [Operator instructions] We'll begin today's call with a short video presentation, followed by management's prepared remarks. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal prepared remarks. [Operator instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.

It is my pleasure to introduce Dhillon Sandhu from investor relations.

Dhillon Sandhu -- Investor Relations

Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Nikola Corporation's first quarter 2023 earnings and business update call. Joining me today are Michael Lohscheller, chief executive officer; Stasy Pasterick, chief financial officer; and Carey Mendes, president of energy. A press release detailing our financial and business results was distributed earlier this morning.

The release can be found on the investor relations section of our website, along with the presentation slides accompanying today's call. Today's discussions include references to non-GAAP measures. These measures are reconciled to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures and can be found at the end of the Q1 earnings press release we issued today.

Today's discussions also include forward-looking statements about our future expectations and plans. Actual results may differ materially from those stated, and some factors that could cause actual results to differ are also explained at the end of today's earnings press release and on Page 2 of our earnings call deck and also in our filings with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

After the video presentation, Michael and Stasy will give their prepared remarks, followed by analyst Q&A. We will conclude with questions from our stakeholders. Please begin the video presentation. Thank you.

[Commercial break]

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Thank you, Dhillon, and good morning, everyone. Again, welcome to our first quarter 2023 earnings call. During the call, we will update you on our truck programs and energy business. And of course, Stasy will cover our financials.

Before hopping into this, I want to let you know one thing. Nikola is the real deal. We have real trucks that are being ordered, delivered, and operating in customer fleets now. We have world-class software and technology and elegant zero-emissions products decarbonizing the high-polluting commercial transportation market.

We are building a real hydrogen business via our HYLA brand, with solutions for the entire ecosystem: production, supply, and refueling. We recently signed a deal with Voltera for up to 50 refueling stations, are advancing progress with HYLA mobile fuelers, and are moving forward on the Phoenix Hydrogen Hub in Arizona. We are doing these things at a time when governments are offering incentives for transitioning to zero emissions now and introducing regulations requiring the transition in the near future. We think we are the best-positioned company to spearhead the zero emission transition and accelerate the hydrogen economy with our trucks consuming our hydrogen fuel on the highway.

So, with that in mind, let's get started. The last few years at Nikola, we have been laying a foundation. This foundation allowed us to gain many skills, great technology, great products, great people, and a bit of humility as we hit some speed bumps along the way. But the strong spirit of the company remained constant.

With this foundation and spirit comes one thing: focus. Focus on our mission to pioneer solutions for a zero-emissions world. Let me lay it out very plainly. The future of Nikola is hydrogen.

Hydrogen with our HYLA energy brand, together with our Class 8 hydrogen fuel cell truck. And for more efficiency, integrated autonomous technology, software, and vehicle controls in our purpose-built trucks. Our market? North America. That's it.

With that focus comes important decisions. Part of the plan for the new and refocused Nikola is to be geographically focused on the North American market. The United States is a leader in the energy transition with revolutionary federal incentives such as the Inflation Reduction Act and many states like California, New Jersey, and New York offering both truck and fueling incentives. California is also mandating zero-emissions vehicles through the Advanced Clean Fleets Rule, establishing targets for drayage fleets, government fleets, and fleets over 50 vehicles.

Beginning January 1, 2024, only zero-emission drayage trucks may register in the CARB online system. All drayage trucks entering seaports and intermodal rail yards would be required to be zero emissions by 2035. As part of this transition, we are selling our stake in the European joint venture to Iveco. This will reduce Nikola's cash spend and capital commitments and allow us to dedicate our resources to the task at hand in North America.

Iveco is and will remain an important partner and key supplier for Nikola. Iveco will also maintain a substantial stake in Nikola and continue to cheer for us in our long-term success. We are grateful for the partnership and expertise we have gained and look forward to continuing our work with them. As we get our fuel cell truck ready for production, we are pausing production of our battery electric truck.

The battery electric truck is a great product, and its development has allowed us to create many of the critical components and software systems that we can apply to the hydrogen fuel cell truck. We have sufficient inventory of battery electric trucks for our customers. And when production resumes this July, the battery electric will be build-to-order at our facility in Coolidge, Arizona to better align with our capital allocation plans and improved working capital. I am confident to say we have best-in-class products and no other company can do what we have set out to do.

This direction is exciting for all of us. We are creating an ecosystem that will allow Nikola's customers to own a hydrogen fuel cell zero-emission truck, and with HYLA, fuel their truck with readily available hydrogen. It has already started. The U.S.

and Canada have put themselves on the forefront of hydrogen production, and the countries and states or provinces have created incentives to make it possible to dedicate all of our efforts to capture a sizable share of the commercial trucking market, as well as a quickly growing hydrogen infrastructure business. The upside potential on both businesses is virtually unlimited. And we are well on our way to making it happen. Nikola fuel cell trucks are in heavy testing, along with HYLA hydrogen mobile fuelers.

All of which will be available to customers later this year. Autonomous technology with our PLUS.ai partner is being tested today on the battery electric truck and will be available next year, with availability on the fuel cell following shortly afterward. It is truly amazing to see what this technology does to the trucking experience: improving safety, easing stress for the driver, and adding even more energy efficiency to each trip. We have made changes to our business as well.

We have a new CFO, a revised sales organization, a more focused board, and have transitioned out or promoted the right people to the right positions. We have new partnerships and have continued progress with our previously announced partners, on the energy side, especially, recently announcing our joint development with Voltera to create the largest North American open network of commercial hydrogen refueling stations. And we have a stronger sales, commercial, and service network, with new dealerships and salespeople eager to sell our trucks and energy solutions. Our employees and team members, including everyone listening in on this call, are our focus.

We are all in making this happen together. What does this mean? The future looks bright if we do as we say: build and sell trucks, continue constructing the HYLA business, and drive costs down. There is no doubt we can be successful. Beginning with our energy business.

On May 2nd, we announced the execution of definite documentation with Voltera Power, a subsidiary of EQT, one of the largest clean infrastructure funds, to develop the refueling infrastructure required to support Nikola's hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. We plan to develop up to 50 stations with Voltera throughout North America over the next five years. Voltera intends to supply the capital for the station cost, as well as operating the stations. Nikola will provide the hydrogen fuel and the technical expertise for the station construction.

And the stations are expected to provide both hydrogen refueling and electric charging for Class 8 trucks. We have made significant progress on the Phoenix Hydrogen Hub, recently receiving unanimous approval from the City of Buckeye on our general plan amendment and rezoning application and continue to progress on ordering long lead time equipment. In addition to the progress made on the Phoenix Hydrogen Hub, we continue to work on completing phase 2 of the Department of Energy Loan Program Office application process and work closely with Fortescue Future Industries on the co-development of large-scale U.S. green hydrogen production facilities across North America.

We believe these two strategic partnerships, along with many others announced over the last several months, further validate our business strategy to be capital efficient and prove the demand for financial partners in the build-out of our hydrogen refueling ecosystem. The most critical component for early adoption, we believe, are flexible fueling solutions. We believe mobile fueling will be an important part of our business moving forward as we look to provide customers with refueling while, at the same time, remaining capital efficient and matching fuel cell truck network fueling demand. We are pleased to announce, to date, we have commissioned four HYLA hydrogen mobile fuelers.

During the quarter, we announced our partnership with Chart Industries, which includes collaboration for the development of new mobile fuelers and modular hydrogen refueling stations. We have also signed agreements for additional mobile fuelers from other third-party partners, including Taylor Wharton. Mobile fueling solutions can be rapidly deployed in any geography and with lower capital requirements than permanent station infrastructure. Mobile fuelers and modular stations allow us to match the hydrogen fueling requirements in geographies as trucks are introduced into the area.

In our hydrogen fuel cell program, we remain on track to deliver trucks to customers later this year. We are currently building 10 gamma trucks. Gamma trucks will be used for customer pilot testing and to finalize vehicle validation. As of today, we have completed the first two trucks and are in the process of finishing the next four trucks.

The remaining four will be built and commissioned by the end of June. Pilot fleets include Biagi, Walmart, Linde, and AJR Trucking, a leading carrier for the United States Postal Service, who recently announced an order for 50 trucks. The first production units are anticipated to be built in July. We believe Nikola will be the only company with a production Class 8 hydrogen fuel cell truck available for purchase this year.

Our dealers have already received more than 100 orders for the fuel cell truck from end customers. Our commercial team is working diligently to secure additional orders and fill our remaining backlog for 2023 and 2024. The hydrogen fuel cell truck and our energy business will be long-term value-creation opportunities for Nikola. We believe we are the best-positioned company to take advantage of the massive incentives provided by state and federal governments and can take a significant market share as a first mover in the Class 8 zero-emissions vehicle market.

We are also beginning to build sales momentum with the battery electric program. During the first quarter, we produced 63 battery electric trucks, delivering 31 to dealers. In the quarter, we achieved 33 retail sales, a significant increase from 2022. Our revamped commercial and sales organizations and strengthened dealer network have improved the go-to-market strategy, and we believe we will continue to improve in customer delivery numbers.

This will be made possible through new financing options and providing customers with fully integrated mobility solutions. We believe these positive changes will continue to compound and build momentum as we look to reduce inventory and move trucks into customer hands. And we will continue to provide these battery electric trucks to customers on a build-to-order basis. In Coolidge, we continued with progress on the phase 2 assembly expansion hall, which will be complete by the end of Q2.

At the end of May, we will temporarily pause production in Coolidge as we convert the assembly line to accommodate both the battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell trucks. We will resume production in July as we begin fuel cell production. We also plan to begin battery module and pack manufacturing in Coolidge by July 2023. And we'll begin Bosch fuel cell power module assembly in Coolidge by December 2023.

I will now pass it on to our new CFO, Stasy. I am happy to have Stasy join me on the leadership team. She has great knowledge of our business, and her passion for the company is evident in her work. She is off to a flying start and will be a great partner with me and the rest of the leadership team.

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Michael, and good morning, everyone. I would like to begin by saying I'm thrilled to be Nikola's new CFO, and I'm thankful for your support. In my last four years with Nikola, I had the opportunity to develop a deep understanding of the company's operations and financials. By joining the leadership team alongside Michael and our board, I am excited to be in a position to make a positive impact on the strategy of our business, with a greater focus on financial discipline.

I believe Nikola is the leader in Class 8 zero-emission transportation and hydrogen economy and can capitalize on the virtually unlimited opportunities in the marketplace. To get that opportunity, we need to navigate a highly challenging macro environment, make the right business decisions, and unlock the long-term value of our business and the positive impact Nikola can have on the world. My No. 1 goal is to align our spend with our strategic priorities, focusing on fuel cell, hydrogen, and the North American market.

It is critical that we optimize our cost structure, slow our cash burn, and achieve positive EBITDA by 2025. Now, let's review our Q1 results. During the first quarter, we delivered 31 trucks to dealers and recognized total revenues of 11.1 million. Cost of revenues for the quarter was 44 million, generating a gross loss of approximately 32.9 million, or negative 296%, versus nearly negative 700% in Q4.

This is a substantial improvement attributable to higher delivery volume, lower inventory costs specifically related to transitioning out of Cypress, improved inbound freight costs as we manage inventory receipts while we pivot our manufacturing strategy for battery electric to build-to-order, and improvements in plant and labor overhead cost structure. R&D expenses came in below our Q1 guidance and below Q4 levels at 64.4 million, including 9.1 million in stock-based compensation. SG&A expenses came in at the midpoint of our guidance and significantly below Q4 levels, totaling 53.7 million, including 14.7 million of stock-based compensation. With the new executive compensation plan and cancellation of remaining market-based RSU awards, we expect the stock compensation run rate to be substantially lower moving forward at roughly 16 million per quarter in the second half of 2023.

GAAP net loss for the first quarter totaled 169.1 million and, on a non-GAAP basis, totaled 143.6 million. GAAP net loss per share was $0.31 basic and diluted and, on non-GAAP basis, was $0.26 basic and diluted. Turning to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with approximately 206.3 million in cash, including 85.2 million of restricted cash.

Not included in our Q1 cash balance is 96.5 million of net proceeds we received from the follow-on and direct offerings, which closed in April. Our current access to capital is approximately 796 million and is comprised of 206.3 million of cash on the balance sheet, including restricted cash; 243 million available on Tumim ELOCs; 200 million available on ATM; 50 million available of convertible debt; and 96.5 million of net proceeds received in April from the follow-on offering. We want to be clear. Much of this capital availability is dependent upon additional shares being authorized by our stockholders in June and registering those shares per the applicable agreements, along with certain other contractual limitations and market conditions, including stock price.

In addition to facilities we already have in place, we are vigilantly monitoring opportunities to raise capital, including monetizing the existing assets on our balance sheet. At the end of the quarter, accounts receivable balance was approximately 27.6 million, down by approximately 4 million from Q4, despite higher sales volume. Through April, we have been able to secure 20 million in floorplan facilities, resulting in AR collections of 15.4 million. We know it is important for our customers to have financing available and are working hard to substantially improve our financing options, both on a dealer and retail side, to enable sales and faster cash conversion.

At the end of Q1, we held approximately 123.6 million in inventory, flat versus Q4 levels. This includes 80 million of finished and WIP inventory, including 152 battery electric trucks in Coolidge. Now that we have sufficient stock inventory, we are adjusting our manufacturing strategy from build-to-stock to build-to-order to improve cash burn and optimize working capital requirements by minimizing raw materials. Capex for the first quarter totaled approximately 52.3 million and was predominantly spent on Coolidge manufacturing facility expansion, which is now substantially complete, supplier part tooling for the fuel cell truck, hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen mobile fuelers, and the fuel cell power module production line.

As Michael said earlier, we are exiting the JV with Iveco in Europe, allowing us to exclusively focus on our most important market, North America. In exchange for our 50% stake in the JV, Iveco will pay Nikola 35 million cash and deliver 20 million shares of our common stock back to Nikola. By shifting our focus to the North American market, we expect to realize near-term benefit consisting of savings from European development spend, future JV contribution commitments, return of investment from Iveco, and being able to utilize the 20 million shares for additional capital-raise activities. We see improved sales momentum from our new commercial team and remain focused on hitting our delivery numbers this year.

The product mix may shift from battery electric to hydrogen fuel cell as we see strong demand for that technology. For full year 2023 guidance, it is too early in the year to update as we are working through cost center alignment and prioritization. At this time, full year 2023 guide remains unchanged from the last call. We do have a line of sight to reduce capex by at least 20 million by optimizing our manufacturing footprint and being capital efficient on our energy infrastructure.

We are also taking a critical look into our operating expenses, and we'll provide an update on our Q2 call in August. In Q2, we expect to deliver 30 to 60 battery electric trucks for revenues of 10.5 million to 21 million and generate gross margins of negative 240% to 130%. We expect gross margins to continue to improve as we scale our volume throughout the year. Once production commences, we expect the gross margin on hydrogen fuel cell trucks to be substantially and immediately superior to the battery electric due to higher ASP and lower bill of material costs.

Our goal is to reach gross margin break-even point by the end of 2024. Our estimated R&D for Q2 is in the range of 75 million to 80 million, including 8 million in stock compensation. 2023 R&D expenses are front-loaded due to the beta fuel cell built in Q1, gamma fuel cell built in Q2, and fuel cell validation activities ahead of launch. We expect our R&D run rate to drop by approximately 30% in the second half of the year.

SG&A will be in the range of 60 million to 65 million, including 20 million in stock-based compensation expenses. Stock compensation will be higher in Q2 due to the cancellation of the remaining market-based stock awards for executives of 7.2 million and impact of executive retirement of 3.3 million. We anticipate Q2 capex to be 45 million, primarily focused on modification of the production line in Coolidge to accommodate the hydrogen fuel cell truck, the fuel cell power module assembly line, and fuel cell supplier part tooling. Going forward, we expect our capex spending to reduce significantly as we will have the footprint and capacity to build trucks with minimal additional investment.

In Q2, we expect the weighted average shares outstanding for the quarter to be approximately 687 million and the total shares outstanding to be approximately 698.5 million. Our redefined focus at Nikola will allow us a much lower cash burn as we realign our cost structure. In 2022, our cash burn was approximately 200 million per quarter and 240 million in Q1 of 2023. Q1 cash burn was inflated by almost 40 million of costs related to Cypress operations and severance.

This level of cash burn is not sustainable for our business, and we are looking at every option for reductions in spending. We are already beginning to see some progress with April cash burn coming in at 46 million. I am personally driving renewed focus on aggressive management of all three pillars of working capital: cost reductions, specifically payables; inventory procurement and management; and of course, cash collections. We already have a line of sight to achieve approximately 150 million cash burn per quarter and are working intently to reduce quarterly cash burn further, with targets of 120 million by the end of 2023 and 100 million in 2024.

This will take focus to find further opportunities to improve our cash position and show tangible progress toward reaching profitability. Now, I will pass it back to Michael for closing remarks.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Thank you, Stasy. Let me summarize our priorities and how this focus will make Nikola better. We will focus on our hydrogen refueling business and the fuel cell truck in North America. This is where we have clear competitive advantages.

We are the first in the market with our hydrogen fuel cell truck and have a leading role with our energy infrastructure. We will change our model to build-to-order for the battery electric truck and focus on autonomous technologies, which help drivers and fleets. We expect this focus will reduce our cash burn and, in turn, help Nikola achieve profitability sooner. By focusing on our strengths, we will continue to increase our sales momentum in both hydrogen fuel cell and battery electric trucks and capture a meaningful share of the market.

This concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, please open the line for analyst questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator instructions] Our first question is from Jeff Kauffman with Vertical Research Partners. Please proceed.

Jeff Kauffman -- Vertical Research Partners -- Analyst

Thank you very much and thank you for that very detailed rundown. Stasy, first of all, congratulations on your promotion and best of luck to you. I just wanted to follow up on your comment on a line of sight to 150 million cash burn per quarter, 125 million at the end of the year. Could you give us a better feel for what types of programs you have visibility on? And, you know, kind of do we -- is it mostly second half where we're going to see some of these adjustments or is it going to be more of a constant reengineering throughout this year and the beginning of next year?

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Jeff. And thank you. I appreciate the kind words. It's good to be here.

I'm excited. Obviously, we have a lot of work to do. So, jumping in, talking about the cash burn. As I mentioned, we already have made some progress, coming in at 45 million in April.

And that's -- you know, comparatively, if you look at our monthly average in Q1, which was 75 million, we're doing much better. Still, again, a lot of work to do to get to below 100 million, which is my ultimate goal here. And to get there, it will be really a combination of things. We need to improve truck economics, for one; reduce opex; limit CapEx, which we've mentioned briefly in the call; and of course, manage working capital.

And that will be critical as we ramp up our fuel cell. So, a lot of that will come in in second half of 2023. Once we get into fuel cell production, really roughly half of our cash burn will be attributable to working capital. So, if we can manage that more effectively by managing our inventory, switching to build-to-order, making sure we have financing available, then we can drastically improve it.

Jeff Kauffman -- Vertical Research Partners -- Analyst

OK. Thank you. And then just one follow-up, and this is more for the energy business. With the announcements that have been made moving with the mobile fuelers and the partnership with Voltera, how does this change the economics of the energy business? Does it -- should we just think of the Voltera deal as Nikola not having to put out the money for capital for these stations? In terms of the energy model, how do these recent announcements change anything or do they at all?

Carey Mendes -- President, Energy

Yeah. Jeff, it's Carey Mendes here, president of the energy division. And a great question. I think, you know, we have a very detailed economic model when we look at the energy business and are negotiating with our partners.

The Voltera deal, actually, you're absolutely right, it relieves a significant capital burden for us building these stations. And partnering with them actually enables us to get a first-mover advantage in this whole ecosystem, right, building the stations, having the mobile fuelers. As an energy person with a lot of experience in this, you know, getting a first-mover advantage on infrastructure, it gives you a leg up on the competition, plain and simple. So, Voltera has been a great partner on that.

The economics of how we've modeled this don't change. You know, what we've negotiated with them is a fair competitive rate. We understand that we are first movers and are partnering with us. So, I'd say, you know, as we go forward, you know, looking at our model, this relieves the capital burden and the economics don't change.

Jeff Kauffman -- Vertical Research Partners -- Analyst

OK. Well, congratulations and thank you very much.

Operator

Our next question is from Bill Peterson with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed.

Bill Peterson -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Yeah. Hi. Thanks for taking my questions and nice seeing you last week, Michael. So, recently, actually, you were showing both your trucks and presumably having a lot of conversations with fleets.

And then you announced that Advanced Clean Fleets. You mentioned that there's more stakes coming, especially in California. But I guess my question is, where are most of your discussions focused on coming out of that conference? Are people really gravitating more toward the fuel cell or batteries? I'm particularly talking about maybe newer fleets that you don't have current arrangements with.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. Thanks, Bill, for your question. So, first of all, I mean, ACT Expo was a very big show last week. I mean, I was really overwhelmed.

I think there were 11,000 people. And we had a very, very good opportunity to discuss all kinds of business topics with our customers. I see a couple of very important trends. So, first of all, I mean, zero-emission mobility is coming, right? And the stakes out of California are so obvious.

So, the level of interest was much, much higher than the year before. In terms of battery electric truck and fuel cell truck, we see still both very relevant for our customers, but it depends on the applications, right? So, like the ports in California, they prefer a battery electric truck. And we are happy to continue to produce a battery electric truck, right, while we pause in our production, but we are happy to build this truck going forward. At the same time, I will say, and that's why I think Nikola is uniquely positioned, there is a very strong interest in the fuel cell truck, right? The range of 500 miles is very competitive.

It's best in class. And who else is out there in terms of a fuel cell truck now? I mean, we produce the fuel cell truck now in July. So, my takeaway from the ACT Expo was, yes, there is interest in the battery electric truck, especially for ports. But overall, the topic is really hydrogen.

And what Carey just mentioned on the infrastructure, that is where most customers will go. And I think you see it in the numbers. I mean, we have 140 firm orders from customers to our dealers, and we're very positively surprised about that because it shows -- and actually, this number is going up kind of on a daily basis. I mean, I got the next order this morning.

So, it shows that people want to have this truck now and don't wait. So, I think we see a clear trend in terms of fuel cell and hydrogen.

Bill Peterson -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

OK. Thanks for that. My second question is for Stasy. So, you've been in a role here for some period of time.

I guess, how do you think about the options you have looking ahead for raising capital? Any particular preferences? I think you mentioned that there may be some options, things you could use on the balance sheet. If you could just maybe elaborate on that and what options do you have from here given -- and by the way, it's nice to see the cash burn come down. But just what options do you have going forward?

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Thank you, Bill, and great question. Obviously, capital raise is very high on the priority list here, along with limiting the cash burn for me. And we all know market conditions are very tough right now, but we remain positive, and we have demonstrated the ability to raise capital.

In Q1, we raised $120 million through the existing instruments. And also, we went out right after the quarter-end and raised additional $100 million through the follow-on offering. And obviously, again, in a difficult market, not a lot of companies are able to pull that off. So, we're remaining cautiously optimistic.

As far as the remaining access to capital on existing facilities we've covered, it's about $500 million. And as you mentioned, we're also exploring other opportunities to raise money, including monetizing the assets that we have. If you look at our balance sheet, we have a lot on our balance sheet in terms of PP&E, land, buildings, things of that nature, as well as IP. So, we're working on that in parallel to make sure we always have options available, and we'll continue to access capital as needed while cutting costs.

Bill Peterson -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question is from Dillon Cumming with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed.

Dillon Cumming -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Hey, good morning. Thanks for the question. I wanted to go back to one of the ones that was asked earlier in terms of just, you know -- I guess it ties into the cash burn. But, Stasy, you made a comment in terms of still being confident or still targeting a positive EBITDA or a break-even EBITDA by 2025.

As we're going through the cost structure, right, and I think this ties into some of the comments you made on the cash burn, but what level of truck production and/or deliveries, I guess, would support that outcome at this point relative to some of your cost reduction actions?

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Thank you for your question. So, the way we think about it, one, you know, now that we've realigned things on everything that was talked about, we have a better path to get there to be profitable on EBITDA level by '25. Step one is we need to make money on the truck.

And to do that, we need to reduce our BOM cost and primarily on the fuel cell, where we have a lot more opportunity to reduce costs because a lot less of the BOM in the fuel cell is coming from battery pack and battery cells, and increase our sales volume. So, while we haven't given guidance for '24, we expect -- in '24, we at least need to be able to sell from -- anywhere from 1,000 to 1,500 trucks, depending on the mix, to break even. And that volume would need to close to double in 2025 for us to be able to cover our current level of cash opex. Again, I will mention, as we're working our cash opex, it will come down as well.

But that's currently where we are. And --

Dillon Cumming -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

OK. Sorry. Go ahead.

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

No. The only other thing I wanted to mention, obviously, on the fuel cell, we have a lot of opportunity with our pricing. So, it's not just the reducing the BOM where we have a very specific BOM reduction that we're working on, but also the pricing. Given what Michael talked about, we're going to be first to market.

So, we have a little bit more pricing power there, and we'll be able to get better margin on the fuel cell.

Dillon Cumming -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

OK. Great. Yeah. Super helpful.

Thank you. And then if I can just ask a question on the Iveco partnership as well. Can you just flesh out, I guess, what the end game looks like in terms of that collaboration with them? I think, you know, you still mentioned in the press release you were planning to license the S-Way kind of framework and technology from them going forward. You know, does, I guess, the dissolution of the JV open the door to potentially test out new kind of platforms for your hydrogen fuel cell product? I'm asking in the context of the market solving because of some concerns about whether or not a cabover truck is the right model for the U.S.

or not. So, just be curious on your thoughts there.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. Thanks, Dillon. Let me take that. Michael here.

So, first of all, the partnership with Iveco will obviously continue. I mean, Iveco will stay a shareholder of Nikola in a meaningful way. We, from the Nikola side, will continue to have a supply agreement with Iveco. So, the cab and also the e-Axle.

So, in a way, the partnership continues, but in a more focused way. And why does this make so much sense for both partners? I mean, it's much better that Iveco does the business in Europe and we focus here on North America. And with all the positive momentum we have on the fuel cell truck, I also need my engineers here focusing on the fuel cell truck. So, it will actually help both companies to implement much faster.

Because let me tell you, in terms of operational experience, sometimes it's not a good idea to have like engineers on the other side of the world with nine-hour time difference. So, implementation will be much faster. In terms of your cabover, great point. And also, they're at ACT Expo.

It was a very good feedback for me. So, there are many people who love the cabover, in particular, once they are in the truck. Is it an unusual cabover? Yes, absolutely. And not everybody loves it.

But once people are in there, people are actually delighted. They see also our infotainment. So, I'm very, very positive about the cabover. But yeah, you will find one or two customers and they say, "Look, we don't like it." And that's OK.

Dillon Cumming -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Got it. Very helpful. Thanks, guys.

Operator

Our next question is from Mike Shlisky with D.A. Davidson. Please proceed.

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

Good morning and thanks for taking my question. And, Michael, it was great to meet you last week at ACT Expo as well. I want to ask about the HYLA mobile fueler business. I guess, the Voltera deal, they will be paying for that -- for the stations out of Voltera's bank account.

With the mobile fuelers, are you paying for those for customers to use as either a bridge or in an area where there's no stations being developed? As I kind of walked the show, I saw a lot of tanks. Prices are coming down, but it's still, you know, a few million dollars, it seems, per like a unit. So, I'm curious who's going to be paying for the -- for each of those HYLA fuelers there?

Carey Mendes -- President, Energy

Yeah. Thanks, Mike. It's Carey Mendes again and good question. And again, I think this is one area where Nikola's leading the ecosystem here with these mobile fuelers.

The first one that came out in December, we developed on our own, 700 bar pressure, which enables a faster refueling time. We've got three more now that we've developed. So, four of our own. And then we've got another 16 or so coming for the rest of this year and then more next year.

And those are from third-party suppliers, some of which we've mentioned in the press release, and Michael talked about Chart Industries being one, Taylor Wharton being another. These will be liquid mobile fuelers. We've got good terms with each one of those suppliers in terms of being able to lease those from them. And look, the value in these partnerships is they're keen to see greater use of these mobile fuelers.

So, they're being really good partners. And I think we've got good terms with each of them. I think the next question then, as this business scales up, I think it is a really profitable business, I think, to have these mobile fuelers. Because stations take a couple of years to build, these mobile fuelers come on stream a lot faster.

So, we are also looking at, OK, what's the partnership model for those? And I think especially since the Inflation Reduction Act, you've seen the Voltera announcement and others, there's a lot of people with solid balance sheets, capital, looking to get into the space, take advantage of the various incentives, and the fact that we're bringing demand to the market, first off, in hydrogen. So, I'm confident that with partners like Chart, Taylor Wharton, as well as others that are looking to get into the space, we'll have similar solutions for spreading the capital cost and the risk associated.

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

OK. But just to clarify, the customer is not going to be paying. The person who is driving the vehicle, that end user, is not paying for the mobile fueler at their location.

Carey Mendes -- President, Energy

Yeah. No, good clarification question. At the end of the day, that mobile fueler is a cost as part of dispensing hydrogen. So, we will be building it into our economics just like a station.

A mobile fueler is a temporary station in a way. And so, the customer -- ultimately, the sales price we have will reflect that.

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

OK. Outstanding. And then I wanted to clarify the plan for the Tre BEV going forward. You mentioned you'll be doing this on a build-to-order basis.

I guess I'm not sure what that means. Will you no longer have dealer inventories once the current ones are depleted? Will you have to kind of shut down production entirely at Coolidge once you change over to the fuel cell to kind of make any small orders? We have enough volumes to keep at least one line running with the Tre BEV? I'm just kind of curious how many Tre BEVs are in the mix going forward and how that might affect your production process.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. Thanks for bringing this up. Michael here. Happy to clarify this.

I mean, first of all, we paused battery electric production at the end of May. Why do we do that? Because we launched the fuel cell truck in July. And with all the experience we have, it's important that the factory line has time for training, preparation, and that's exactly what we do. At the same time, we have inventory available on our side, to be precise, 152 trucks.

So, that is inventory now we want to obviously move to our dealers and then to end customers. So, therefore, we will pause the battery electric production. And then once we see then orders coming through, we will resume battery electric production. But I think it's also fair to say, the level of inventory is a little higher than we would like to have it.

So, I mean, we basically have two advantage out of this production pause. But again, we will continue to produce the battery electric truck once we have the order level.

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

Just to like -- just to clarify, if someone orders two trucks, two battery electric trucks, let's say, next year, do they have to -- do you have to shut everything down just to make those two trucks? Will they be smoothly just inserted into the line of the fuel cell trucks? I mean, how will it happen once you're out of inventory and you have to build some more of two at a time?

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. No, great point, but it's very clear. So, we have the capabilities to produce both trucks on our line. So, battery electric truck and fuel cell truck can be produced on exactly the same manufacturing line.

That is actually also what we set up. So, whatever the customer then wants to have, let's say, at the end of this year or next year, we will be able to produce, but we will do it on an order basis because, obviously, the working capital is high. We need to bring this down, optimize our cash burn, what we discussed. But no, very clear, our production line can produce both trucks, the battery electric and the fuel cell truck.

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

I'll pass it along. Thanks so much for the commentary.

Operator

Our next question is from Winnie Dong with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed.

Winnie Dong -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks so much for taking my questions. The first question is on one of the Q1 results. Can you provide a bridge to the Q1 gross margin? It has improved quite a bit sequentially, but what are the drivers for the more negative margin versus the guidance expectation? And then if you can also reiterate sort of the bridge to the full year gross margin guide as well in the near term.

Thanks.

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Hi, Winnie. Nice to talk to you again. Good question on the margin.

So, I think we've been very open that our margins obviously will only improve as the volumes improve, right? We have a high level of fixed costs, and we need to produce more trucks plainly to be able to cover that cost. That's number one. And that's partly why we're a little bit below where we want it to be. Also, Cypress operations have contributed pretty significantly to the negative margin in Q4 and Q1, and we've talked about that.

So, as we're able to move our operations out of Cypress and establish the manufacturing line in Coolidge, which is happening in July, we'll be able to limit a lot of the labor and overhead that comes in to manufacturing it back at a separate facility. So, that's really the key here to get to the range of the gross margin that we have communicated for the rest of the year.

Winnie Dong -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you so much. And then a follow-up question on the BEV as the new strategy is now build-to-order. But we did see quite a bit of improvement, you know, in terms of retail delivery from dealers to the end customers.

Maybe can you talk to us about some observations that you've made in the end market? And there are some -- seems like are encouraging signs that end customers are taking retail deliveries in the quarter. Thanks.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. Thanks for bringing this up and happy to give some more color on this. I mean, first of all, you're totally right. I mean, we have seen now uptick on the retail side with 33 trucks being retailed in the quarter.

Actually, that's much more than we retailed in the total year 2022. So, there is momentum building. A couple of things we have done. I mean, first of all, we had some important changes on the dealer side, and we have really active, engaged dealers now.

In particular, in California, they do a good job. Then also, frankly speaking, time is helping. The more people we bring into the truck, the more people like it, right, and experience. Like coming back to the ACT Expo, we had 200 test drives like within three days.

Those things are helping a lot. So, we see momentum on the sell side. And of course, I want to go faster, right, because we have inventory available, and that's also a benefit. I mean, having inventory in these days is a great thing because if people then are interested in zero-emission mobility and have to wait 24 months, that is not a good thing.

But I think Nikola is probably the only one at the moment with inventory available. While we want to bring it down very quickly in terms of financial aspect, it's also a benefit, right? So, I think we see, first, good momentum and want to go much faster.

Winnie Dong -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Great. Thank you so much. I'll pass it on.

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our next question is from Tyler DiMatteo with BTIG. Please proceed.

Tyler DiMatteo -- BTIG -- Analyst

Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking the question. Michael, I wanted to follow up on the fuel cell vehicle. As you look to roll that out more toward the end of this year and the order book continues to grow, just at a higher level, how are you thinking about prioritizing those orders, presumably as your order book continues to increase while you're trying to bring all of these pieces in-house? Just any way to think about that? Any more color there?

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Sure. Great point, Tyler. Happy to add some color. I mean, first of all, as we said, in terms of the manufacturing line, we have total flexibility.

So, whatever customers really want, we will be able to produce it. But what is very obvious, and it was confirmed last week when we were all in California, there is a strong trend in terms of the fuel cell truck. And why is that? First of all, the range of the fuel cell truck is 500 miles. Which other zero-emission mobility truck can do 500 miles at the moment? I think we have a unique selling point.

Then the fueling time is only 20 minutes. So, in an industry that's all about uptime that you have to drive the truck, it's a very big benefit. And then what's also obvious, with everything being decided now in California, a lot of people pay attention to that, and it's really pushing people into the zero-emission mobility. So, that's why we think that the fuel cell truck has much more potential going forward.

And that's why this focus is also important for us. North American market is very big. Fuel cell trucks can play a big role there. And also, fair to say, we have a unique selling proposition because, at the moment, we are the only ones in the market starting production in July.

So, we feel very good about that. And also, it's our second truck we launched, right? I think we have demonstrated with the battery electric truck that we can develop, manufacturing, and manage to have a world-class truck. And now, we do it the second time. So, we came back last year with a lot of optimism in terms of the fuel cell truck.

And again, people order it without really having driven it. I mean, a few customers have demo trucks. So, we are cautiously optimistic on this side.

Tyler DiMatteo -- BTIG -- Analyst

OK. Great. And I want to follow up on the financing piece. Clearly, you know, retail orders this quarter were pretty good.

Just what are you hearing from customers on the financing piece? What are they telling you as you look to roll out more trucks on the BEV side and then really hit the ground running on the fuel cell side? What are you hearing in the market from customers?

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Yeah. Clear feedback is a trend toward leasing. No question. People want to have like monthly rates.

And then every customer is very similar, very detailed comparison to TCO of diesel. So, what is the current level of TCO? What is the TCO then with our truck? And we can actually match that in various states already today. And I think this is great. I mean, you can get a zero-emission truck, so no emissions, and can keep your diesel costs and have the total cost of ownership.

This is very, very strong. We can't do it in all states. That's also true. We need some support, some incentives.

But clearly, customers are focusing on the monthly rate, total cost.

Tyler DiMatteo -- BTIG -- Analyst

OK. Great. Thanks for the time, guys. I'll turn it back to the queue.

Operator

Our next question is from Jeff Osborne with TD Cowen. Please proceed.

Jeff Osborne -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Yeah. Thanks for taking the questions. Just a couple on my end. I was curious if the recall on the BEV had any impact on your decision to narrow the focus? I applaud the decision.

Liked the outcome. But I'm just curious if the recall was a variable in your thinking there.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

No, not at all. And thanks, Jeff, for bringing this up. No. I mean, this was a recall.

We worked through this. Had no impact on our decision, whatsoever.

Jeff Osborne -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Got it. Good to hear. And then is there any one-time cash items for the remainder of this year or next? I was just trying to recall the details from the SEC settlement that you entered into some time ago. I think the payments were made over multiple installments over two years.

Did you already reserve the cash for that or have you already paid that or is that something on the come?

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Hey, Jeff. So, yes, we are looking at making very small incremental payments to the SEC to the tune of like $1.5 million. So, we're stretching that out. It's in our liabilities right now.

Jeff Osborne -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Got it. And then is there any -- you gave the gross margin -- or cash burn and the target of gross margin, but I didn't know if you could provide more incremental details on the path to EBITDA positive.

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Again, I think it kind of goes back to two things, right? One, we need to improve our margins on the fuel cell, first, next year, and get to fuel cell breakeven. And so, how we can do that, right? Right now, on the fuel cell, we need to improve our BOM cost. We are going to hit production at about 440 per truck material costs.

And our target is to get to 275K per truck in 2025. And we can do that by, one, bringing the fuel cell power module manufacturing in Coolidge and also just having higher volume and getting better pricing power with suppliers. And we already touched on the average selling price. On an FCEV, we expect that to be better just being first to market.

Jeff Osborne -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you. That's all I had.

Operator

Thank you. I will now hand the call back over to Dhillon for shareholder questions.

Dhillon Sandhu -- Investor Relations

Thank you, operator. The first question is, how many trucks have you sold so far and how many orders from companies do you have?

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Through Q1, we have made 162 wholesale deliveries of the battery electric truck. Our improved sales and commercial team, in conjunction with our dealer network, have been improving retail sales as we work with them and customers through infrastructure challenges, add additional financing partners, and make product improvements. Thirty-three retail sales were completed in Q1, and we see good momentum building to increases. As we showed on the slide earlier, battery electric retail customers include TTSI, Univar Solutions, and Avant Garde Auto Logistics is using our truck to deliver Nissan electric vehicles to dealers.

On the hydrogen fuel cell truck, dealers have received orders from over seven end customer fleets for more than 100 hydrogen fuel cell trucks. We have announced previously orders from Biagi Brothers, Plug Power, and recently, AJR.

Dhillon Sandhu -- Investor Relations

The second question is, what plans are being made to advance hydrogen technologies that will bring Nikola to the top?

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Sure. So, right now, we are on the verge of bringing the hydrogen fuel cell truck to market. We believe we will be the first company with a production hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle available for purchase and have a significant head start on the competition. In conjunction with the truck, we have made great progress on the energy side, recently announcing the joint station development agreement with Voltera, and making good progress on the mobile fuelers.

No other company is coming with both trucks and energy. No one else is doing this. In fact, our competitors may be coming to us for hydrogen fuel. So, we are excited about our hydrogen fuel cell truck and energy business.

There is a massive potential.

Dhillon Sandhu -- Investor Relations

Thank you, Michael. Stasy, there are a few questions surrounding breakeven, profitability, and what production volume we would need to hit to achieve those metrics. So, maybe we can go over those now.

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Thank you, Dhillon. Now that we have refocused our business model, we have a better path to achieve positive EBITDA by 2025. But before we talk about profitability, first, we need to be able to make money on the trucks we sell by reaching gross margin breakeven in 2024.

This will come from several places. We have to reduce our BOM costs, specifically on fuel cell, where we have a lower material cost to begin with as it only has two battery packs versus nine battery packs on the BEV. As you know, for BEV, the battery packs themselves make up over 50% of the BOM cost. For fuel cells, we currently anticipate hitting serial production at 440K per truck, and we will be driving that cost down to 375K by bringing FC PM manufacturing to Coolidge and achieving higher volumes, with the eventual goal of getting to 275,000 per truck by 2025.

For BEV, we're currently at 396,000 BOM cost, with a line of sight to improve that to 340,000 once we sell through the current stock of finished trucks and batteries on hand. That improvement will come through battery pack cost reduction we have discussed previously, as well as picking up lower battery cell pricing and future material purchases as lithium prices have come down significantly. While we are not giving guidance for 2024, we expect we will need to sell at least 1,000 to 1,500 trucks, depending on the mix, to break even on our business at the gross margin level. That volume needs to close to double in 2025 for us to be able to cover our cash opex and get to positive EBITDA.

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Thank you all for listening to our first quarter earnings call and for your ongoing support. As we discussed, we are very focused, and we'll continue executing our business plan. Wish you a wonderful day. Goodbye.

See you soon.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Dhillon Sandhu -- Investor Relations

Michael Lohscheller -- President

Stasy Pasterick -- Chief Financial Officer

Jeff Kauffman -- Vertical Research Partners -- Analyst

Carey Mendes -- President, Energy

Bill Peterson -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Dillon Cumming -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Mike Shlisky -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

Winnie Dong -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Tyler DiMatteo -- BTIG -- Analyst

Jeff Osborne -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

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