CarMax (KMX) Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

CarMax (KMX 0.54%)
Q1 2024 Earnings Call
Jun 23, 2023, 9:00 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the FY '24 Q1 CarMax earnings release conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session.

Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, David Lowenstein, AVP investor relations. Please go ahead.

David Lowenstein -- Assistant Vice President, Investor Relations

Thank you, Chelsea. Good morning. Thank you, everyone, for joining our fiscal 2024 first-quarter earnings conference call. I'm here today with Bill Nash, our president and CEO; Enrique Mayor-Mora, our executive vice president and CFO; and Jon Daniels, our senior vice president, CarMax Auto Finance Operations.

Let me remind you, our statements today that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding the company's future business plans, prospects and financial performance are forward-looking statements that we make pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our current knowledge, expectations, and assumptions and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. In providing projections and other forward-looking statements, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update them. For additional information on important factors that could affect these expectations, please see our Form 8-K filed with the SEC this morning and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28th, 2023 previously filed with the SEC.

Should you have any follow-up questions after the call, please feel free to contact our Investor Relations Department at 804-747-0422, extension 7865. Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in queue for more follow-ups. Bill?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Great. Thank you, David. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us. Although the first quarter remained challenging due to the same factors we cited in fiscal '23, we're seeing sequential quarterly improvements across our business.

We are focused on controlling what we can as we take deliberate steps to support our business for both the near term and the long run. This quarter, we reduced SG&A independent of the legal settlement. We delivered strong retail GPU. We increased used saleable inventory units while driving down total inventory dollars 13% year over year.

We drove strong wholesale GPU as our unit volume continued to recover. And finally, we grew CAF's penetration even as we raised CAF's consumer rates to help offset higher cost of funds and tighten lending standards in reaction to the current environment. For the first quarter of FY '24, our diversified business model delivered total sales of $7.7 billion, down 17% compared to last year, driven by lower retail and wholesale volume and prices. In our retail business, total unit sales declined 9.6% and used unit comps were down 11.4%, which reflects an improvement from down 22.4% and 14.1% year over year during last year's third and fourth quarters.

Average selling price declined approximately $1,600 per unit or 5% year over year. First quarter retail gross profit per used unit was $2,361, consistent with the 2,339 last year. Historically, margin tends to run higher during the first quarter compared to the rest of the year. In the current environment, we expect this year's second-quarter and full-year margins will be similar to last year, slightly ahead of the full year $2,100 to $2,200 range that we spoke to last quarter.

As always, we'll continue to test price elasticity and monitor the competitive landscape. Wholesale unit sales were down 13.6% versus the first quarter last year, which reflects continued improvement from the 36.7% and the 19.3% year-over-year declines during last year's third and fourth quarter. Average selling price declined approximately $2,000 per unit or 18% year over year. Wholesale gross profit per unit was 1,042 in line with 1,029 during last year's first quarter.

We bought approximately 343,000 vehicles from consumers and dealers during the quarter, down 5% from last year, and an improvement from the 40% and 22% year-over-year declines during last year's third and fourth quarters. Of these vehicles, we purchased approximately 323,000 from consumers in the quarter, with a little more than half of those buyers coming through our online instant appraisal experience. As a result, our self-sufficiency remained above 70% during the quarter. We sourced the remaining approximately 20,000 vehicles through dealers, up 20% from last year, supported by Edmunds sales team.

In regard to our first-quarter online metrics, approximately 14% of retail unit sales were online, up from 11% last year. Approximately 54% of retail unit sales were omni sales this quarter, which is consistent with the prior year. Nearly all of our first-quarter wholesale auctions and sales, which represents 20% of total revenue, remained virtual and are considered online transactions. Total revenue resulting from online transactions was approximately 31%, which is in line with last year.

CarMax Auto Finance or CAF delivered income of $137 million, down from 204 million during the same period last year. Jon will provide more detail on customer financing, the loan loss provision and CAF contributions in a few moments. At this point, I'd like to turn the call over to Enrique, who will provide more information on our first-quarter financial performance. Enrique?

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Bill, and good morning, everyone. Our continued focus on managing what is in our control drove another quarter of sequential improvement in year-over-year performance across key financial metrics, including unit sales, SG&A leverage, gross profit, and EPS. First-quarter net earnings per diluted share was $1.44, down from $1.56 a year ago. Included in our EPS this quarter was the equivalent of $0.28 or $59 million related to a legal settlement.

Total gross profit was $817 million, down 7% from last year's first quarter. Used retail margin of $515 million and wholesale vehicle margin of $168 million declined 9% and 12%, respectively. The year-over-year decreases were driven by lower volume across retail and wholesale. This was partially offset by strong margin performance with both retail and wholesale per unit margins up slightly from last year's numbers.

Other gross profit was $135 million, up 12% from last year's first quarter. This increase was driven by service, which delivered $4 million in margin, a $26 million improvement over last year. As we communicated in our Q4 FY '23 year-end earnings call, our expectation is that service will deliver improved year-over-year performance in FY '24, driven by the efficiency and cost coverage measures that we put in place. Our first quarter has us off to a solid start.

The improvement in service was partially offset by reductions in extended protection plan or EPP revenues and third-party finance fees. EPP revenues were down $5 million, primarily due to lower sales, partially offset by stronger margins that were implemented at the end of last year's first quarter. Third-party finance fees were down $3 million to last year's first quarter. Lower volume in Tier 2, for which we receive a fee, was partially offset by a reduction in Tier 3 volume for which we pay a fee.

On the SG&A front, expenses for the first quarter were $560 million, down 15% from the prior year's quarter. Excluding the benefit from the legal settlement, SG&A was down 6% from the prior year's quarter, as we continue to see the benefits of our cost management efforts. SG&A as a percent of gross profit was 68%. Excluding the benefit from the settlement, our SG&A leverage was 76%, roughly flat to last year's first quarter.

The change in SG&A dollars over last year was mainly due to the following factors. First, other overhead decreased by $79 million, of which $59 million was due to the settlement. The balance of year-over-year favorability was driven by several factors, including favorability in non-CAF uncollectible receivables, which benefited partially from timing, favorability and costs associated with lower staffing levels, and a variety of other smaller costs. Second, we reduced advertising by $17 million.

While our advertising expense on a total dollar and per unit basis was lower year over year on the quarter, our investments for the quarter on a per unit basis remained aligned with last year's second-half spend level. Third, total compensation and benefits, excluding a $13 million increase in share-based compensation decreased $15 million. This decrease was primarily driven by our continued focus in stores and CECs on aligning staffing levels to sales and driving efficiency gains. As I noted in our Q4 FY '23 year-end call, we expect to require low single-digit gross profit growth to lever SG&A for the full FY '24 year, well below the levels we guided to during the investment heavy phases of our omni transformation.

As a result, we expect to deliver stronger flow through of gross profit to profitability. Our first-quarter performance has us on track to deliver on this goal. While we delivered SG&A leverage point in the mid 70% range in the first quarter, it is important to remember that the first quarter is typically our strongest for SG&A leverage as it's historically our highest used unit volume and margin per unit quarter. Regarding capital structure, our first priority remains to fund the business While our adjusted net debt to capital ratio was slightly below our 35% to 45% targeted range, given ongoing market uncertainties, we continue to appropriately manage our net leverage to maintain the flexibility that allows us to efficiently access the capital markets for both CAF and CarMax as a whole.

In keeping with this goal of maintaining flexibility, we continue to pause our share buybacks in the first quarter. Our $2.45 billion authorization remains in place, as does our commitment to return capital to shareholders over time. Additionally, post quarter calendar end, we successfully renewed our $2 billion revolving lending facility with materially similar terms. We plan to include additional information in our forthcoming 10-Q, which we plan to file on Monday.

Now, I'd like to turn the call over to Jon.

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Thanks, Enrique, and good morning, everyone. During the first quarter, CarMax Auto Finance originated $2.3 billion, resulting in penetration of 42.7% net of three-day payoffs, up from 39.3% observed during the first quarter last year. This growth in penetration came despite cash credit tightening within the higher risk, higher APR portion of Tier 1, as well as the reduction of CAF's targeted volume of Tier 3 that began at the end of Q4. Despite the decrease of volume in these higher APR segments, the weighted average contract rate charged to new customers was 11.1%, an increase of 20 basis points from Q4 and 200 basis points from the same period last year.

Tier 2 penetration in the quarter was 20.4% up from Q4, but still down from the historically high 25.2% seen in Q1 of FY '23. Tier 3 penetration was 6.7%, down 40 basis points from last year. While CAF and other lending partners have tightened lending standards over the previous few quarters, our robust multilender credit platform was still able to approve approximately 95% of credit applications during the first quarter. CAF income for the quarter was $137 million, down from $204 million in the same period last year.

This $67 million year-over-year decrease is primarily driven by a $23 million increase in loss provision, as well as a $94 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by growth in interest and fee income. Note our interest expense was impacted by a negative $9 million fair market value adjustment from our hedging strategy versus a positive $9 million adjustment seen in the same period last year. Within the quarter, total interest margin decreased to $258 million, down $40 million from the same period last year. The corresponding margin to receivables rate of 6.1% continued to come down from the 10-year peak seen in last year's first quarter but has moderated in its decline from previous quarters, as was expected and previewed during last quarter's conference call.

The slowing in NIM reduction comes as a result of targeted rate increases on new originations executed over the last year that effectively manage CAF penetration, finance margin, and sales conversion to generate the most valuable outcome for CarMax as a whole. The loan loss provision in Q1 of $81 million results in an ending reserve balance of $535 million or 3.11% of ending receivables. This is compared to a reserve of $507 million last quarter, which was 3.02% of receivables. The sequential 9-basis-point adjustment in the reserve receivable ratio reflects unfavorable performance within the existing portfolio, as well as the uncertain macro environment.

Despite this increase, the existing Tier 1 portfolio continues to trend within the targeted 2% to 2.5% cumulative net credit loss range, and the recent tightening is expected to provide a reduction in loss rate for future originations. Regarding continued improvements in our best-in-class prequalification product. During the first quarter, we began broadly scaling yet another of our large lending partners within FBS, our finance based shopping platform. This marks the sixth lender that is now capable of providing millions of additional customized credit decisions in minutes to our online customers.

While we continue to add enhancements to our online credit experience, we believe our FBS platform is currently an industry leader and truly empowers consumers by providing simple access to penny perfect multilender credit decisions in seconds while having no impact to their credit score. Now, I'll turn the call back over to Bill.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Jon. Over the past several years, we've built a leading omni channel platform that enables us to deliver what we believe is the most customer-centric experience in the industry. Our ability to offer integration across digital and physical transactions gives us access to the largest total addressable market and is a key differentiator. With our core omni capabilities now in place, we are continuing to prioritize projects that drive operating efficiencies and optimize experience for our associates and customers.

We believe the steps we will be taking enable us to further expand our competitive moat and will position us well for the future. Some examples from the first quarter, beyond what Jon just spoke about related to CAF, include one, as we work to deliver a seamless digital first shopping experience, we are increasingly leveraging Sky, our 24/7 virtual assistant. Sky enables us to efficiently assist customers via chat functionality while taking work out of our CEC system. During the first quarter, we expanded these capabilities to include workflows related to finance applications, vehicle transfers, and appointment reservations.

Since going live, we've had great success reducing CEC work volume routed to associates, enabling us to provide a quicker response at a lower cost per transaction. We anticipate rolling out additional functionality to Sky throughout fiscal 2024. Second, we are currently rolling out express drop off, which enables customers with instant offer or store generated appraisals to progress the selling process from home. When utilized, this option offers customers the ability to complete their transaction at one of our stores in under 30 minutes, and our research shows that customers and associates both love this experience.

Finally, we're continuing to modernize our auction platform to enhance the experience for dealers. This quarter, we launched an integrated check-in experience that enables single sign-on across our systems and streamlines access to the information that dealers rely on the most when bidding on vehicles. Additionally, we initiated proxy bidding capabilities in a limited number of markets. This allows dealers to bid on vehicles in advance so they don't have to participate live during each auction.

It also unlocks the ability to take part in multiple auctions and bid on multiple vehicles simultaneously. Feedback on both of these capabilities has been positive. We plan to expand proxy bidding to additional markets as well as launch other enhancements in upcoming quarters. With our focus on improving experiences and gaining efficiencies, we believe we are well positioned to emerge from the current environment and even stronger company.

We're confident in the future of our diversified business model and believe that the deliberate steps that we are taking will enable us to drive robust growth as the market improves. With that, we will be happy to take your questions. Chelsea? Chelsea, can you remind folks of how to enter the question portal?

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator instructions] And we please ask that you limit yourself to one question and then reenter the queue. Our first question will come from Brian Nagel with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Brian Nagel -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Hey, good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my question.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Good morning, Brian.

Brian Nagel -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

So, the question I'll ask with one question, but I'll have two parts of it. Just maybe you could talk about the market share dynamic you witnessed here early in, I guess, so far in the year? And then secondarily, as you talked about in your script, we are seeing this improving [Technical difficulty] in used car sales, obviously, still down year on year but better than it had been in the prior two quarters. If you look at the drivers behind that, is that more what CarMax is doing, or you've seen an excess solidifying backdrop within the sector? Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, great. Thank you for the question, Brian. First of all, on the market share question, Brian, you might remember that last quarter, given the title data that we had, we thought we had bottomed out in the December, January time frame. We actually have title data now through April, and we did bottom out in December.

And although we aren't growing it year over year yet, we're pleased that January through April, we saw some good sequential growth, and we did that while maintaining strong margins. So, we feel good about the trajectory we're on. And if I compare it to previous times when we had given up market share, again, we talked about that last quarter, COVID in '08, '09. I would tell you the coming out of it is more similar to the COVID period than the '08, '09.

As far as your second question on just the used car sales, yes, I mean, the overall used market obviously is still depressed. I do think while depreciation is a little bit of a headwind on parts of the business, so for example, wholesale, I think it's good for the overall industry. So, having vehicles depreciate during the quarter, I think, was a good thing. It was a little unusual quarter because it first started off appreciating, and then it ended up actually decreasing a little bit.

So, I think that's a-I think that's good for the industry. But I think there's also things that are specific to CarMax and how we're managing our inventory, how we're managing our margin, the right cars out there that are unique to CarMax. So, I think it's probably a combination of both.

Brian Nagel -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

I appreciate all the color, Bill. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Craig Kennison with Baird. Your line is open.

Craig Kennison -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst

Hey, good morning. Thank you for taking my question as well. I'm trying to anticipate down the road when student loan payments are required again. Do you have a feel for the percentage of your buyers that are also making student loan payments and whether that could be a significant impact on demand?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. That's a great question, Craig. It's one that we've actually talked about internally, both from a sales standpoint and from a finance standpoint. I think from a sales standpoint, it's hard to tell because folks have been taking consumer loans out for longer periods of time.

And I would think probably the majority of our customers are outside of the student loan -- the majority of our retail customers are outside of that period. I think when you think about the CAF business -- and, Jon, you might have some different thoughts on this. But when you think about the CAF business because we skew to a higher credit customer, that probably puts us in a little bit better position, but I don't know if you have any additional thoughts beyond that?

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Yeah, I agree, Bill. I mean, certainly, the prime customer is probably a little bit older. But I think when we are looking at our underwriting platform, our underwriting criteria and our models, we're always going to take into account total outstanding debt for the consumer evaluate the things that are most predictive of auto loan payback. And so, that would be contemplated in our underwriting criteria.

Craig Kennison -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst

Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Craig.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Daniel Imbro with Stephens, Inc. Your line is open.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst

Hey, good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking the questions.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Good morning.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Good morning.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst

I wanted to start on our focus on the SG&A results, obviously impressive in the quarter. Maybe two-parter related to that. First, within other maybe overhead, historically, I thought a lot of that was IT kind of e-commerce investment. Other than headcount reduction, can you maybe talk about, Enrique, some of the operational changes you made to drive that improvement in that line item and maybe the sustainability? And then related, I think you said there was a one-time benefit from the timing of some CAF receivables in the quarter.

Could you quantify that just to help investors underwrite that outlook as well as in the SG&A line? Thanks.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Great. Thank you for the question. Yeah, let me take it kind of one by one.

So, let me first define non-CAF finance receivables. We haven't talked about it too much in the past. We have a little bit, but not too much. So, those are primarily loans that are financing partners issue to our customers that we end up writing off either due to title processing issues or down payment obligations.

And if you go back to when we emerge from COVID, we had low staffing, we had high turnover, and there were a lot of DMV delays, right? And emerging from that, we've restaffed, we've trained up our stores, DMVs are moving faster. So, we're actually able to kind of catch up on these non-CAF finance receivables and execute better. Stores are executing. Our home office is executing.

And again, the DMVs are executing as well better than they were. And as a result, we've seen some favorability in that line. I did talk to some favorability due to timing. So, part of that is due to timing.

What I'd tell you, that's not timing that will come back and hit us in the future. It's more of a change in estimates that we have and what we think we'll be writing off. So, it's a little bit more of a hindsight change, so it won't hit us moving forward. So, that's number one.

That was kind of the biggest favorability we saw on the quarter year over year. As well, we did see some favorability related to headcount, which I mentioned, related to staffing levels. Specifically, as we've staffed down and rightsized, we have favorability in relocation expenses, as you'd imagine, in recruiting expenses, as you'd imagine, but then also in casual labor. And all of those hit the other bucket.

So, we see favorability there. We are still seeing a little bit of pressure from decisions we made in prior quarters on our technology and strategic growth. So, that's still growing a little bit within that bucket, but it's being offset pretty materially by the other areas.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst

OK. Thanks for all the color, guys.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

OK. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Your line is open.

Sharon Zackfia -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Hi. Good morning. I wanted to actually ask some questions about Sky because I don't recall you talking about Sky previously. So, how -- I mean, how far do you think you can take, I guess, what I'll call an AI technology to help kind of make the CECs more efficient? And how should we think about if there's any kind of step-up in investment that would be related to kind of enhancing or optimizing Sky further, if that makes sense?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. No, great question, Sharon. First of all, just AI in general, I think we're bullish on AI in general. We've been using OpenAI for a period of time now.

We think about it, there's lots of opportunities to enhance our associates' work, maybe take some of the more mundane stuff out. Particular to Sky, we talked about Sky, I can't remember if we've actually named it Sky in the past, but we talked about a virtual assistant. So, that's what our virtual system that's called is Sky. And we're really pleased.

One of the things that we've been on a path to is really making our CECs as efficient as possible and leveraging our associates for the really value-added work. And this quarter with the improvements that we saw with Sky, we really deflected a good amount of calls to the CEC that Sky was able to handle independent of calling in. And the areas that we put in there were the prequel, the transfer process, and appointment setting. And the way that it's working right now, which I think is really kind of the first version of it is, Sky hooks them up with a link.

We see a world where Sky will actually interact back and forth and not even necessarily have to hook up with a link. So, I think that's an enhancement. Another enhancement we'll be looking at is just integrating IO with Sky. So, I think there's opportunity -- still a lot of opportunity just in the CECs with Sky, but I also think there's a lot of opportunity just AI in general.

We've used it in training our CECs consultants, and we think there's additional possibility there. We've used OpenAI to assist in our vehicle reviews and customer reviews, really allowing our content team to focus on more insightful stuff. And like I said, we're working on a proof of concept, a knowledge proof of concept for our CECs to allow them to access very specific state information. So, again we're excited about it.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

What I'd say as well just building on that is Sky has been a pretty strong contributor to helping us get our operating model even more efficient than where we've been in the past. We've shown sequential improvements now in quarter-over-quarter costs when it comes to the CECs and the operating model, and that's on a per retail unit basis. And when you consider total units, so use and wholesale or even gross margin dollars, we -- the progress has been even stronger. So, it has been a pretty material -- it's had a pretty material impact to the efficiency of our model, and it's contributing to the SG&A gains that we're seeing.

Sharon Zackfia -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Sharon.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from John Murphy with Bank of America. Your line is open.

John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Good morning, guys. Just one very quick follow-up. Is there a way to quantify the timing that you got from -- or timing benefit you got on SG&A from the non-CAF uncollectible receivables just in a dollar sense?

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. I would say the timing was not all that material in the scope of things. I'll give you a dollar number, but it's not all that material in the scope of things. The majority of the benefit really was from that improvement in execution from our stores, from our home office, and from the DMVs as well.

John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

OK. And then, just a question, Bill. As you think about the same-store sales comps, I mean, it's tough to call exactly when things will inflect. I'd love to hear your opinion about when you think they may inflect.

But if they don't, is there an opportunity to potentially get more aggressive on SG&A costs through headcount reduction or other areas in case we're in an environment where affordability and supply remain a pretty material issue?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, John, what I'd say on the cadence as far as being able to flip that. But really the only thing I can point to, which is what I've talked about in the past is just when we've seen this in the past, how long is it generally taken? And I think if you go back to '08, '09, I think it took us about seven to eight months before we flattened and then started growing it year over year. You look at COVID, it was more in the four to five month range.

So, again, I feel good about the progress we're seeing there. Now, as far as your second part of the question, which is the SG&A reduction. Look, hopefully, we made it very clear that we are very focused on this SG&A, so reduction. So, whether wherever the market share goes, we're going to continue to move that.

But regardless of that, we're going to continue to focus on continuing to prove SG&A with things like we've been talking about with Sky and becoming more efficient in the CEC, becoming more efficient in the stores. There really isn't one piece of the business where we don't have efficiency plays that we're currently looking at. So, it doesn't matter if it's a business office, service operations, merchandising, every single department we have internal goals that we're going after. So, regardless of the market share, we're going after continued efficiency.

John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

And that target of low 70%, I mean, is that a one- or two-year target? Or is that an eventual? How should we think about getting there -- the time frame?

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. We want to get there as fast as we can. It's also going to require the gross profit improves as well. So, it's critical that the underlying business and the macro environment improves as well, and then we'll get there.

This quarter was particularly strong. The first quarter, again, is usually the strongest quarter for the reasons I mentioned in my prepared remarks, right? But we do expect the rest of the year to continue to deliver on our commitment for this year, which is a low single-digit gross profit in order to lever, which is a material difference from where we've been over the past few years in our heavy investment phase. But 70% is our next step is what we mentioned. And from there, we can hopefully even lever even more in the years beyond.

But 70% is our next step.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, John. I think we talked about last quarter that well, for this year, we need the macro conditions to continue to improve to get there. If that doesn't happen this year, we wouldn't expect this to be a two-year thing. We would expect to get back there next year.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. And that's in the mid 70% range, right?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah.

John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, John.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from John Healy with Northcoast Research. Your line is open.

John Healy -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst

Great. Thank you for taking my question. We haven't heard the word affordability used on this call compared to the last couple. And my thought is that your performance probably reflects you guys kind of changing and adjusting the merchandise you have on the lots and the site to meet retail demand.

Can you kind of talk about how the -- maybe the mix and the age or the mileage of the vehicles that you're selling today looks versus a few months ago? And maybe just the multiyear outlook for supply because I think there's some concern in the market about your ability to source vehicles kind of in that late model category given the fact that they might not exist for the next couple of years. So, just love to kind of hear your thoughts about what you're selling today and what you think your merchandise mix might look like for the next year or two?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, great. Thank you for the questions, John. So, I think from a affordability -- look, there's still an affordability issue out there. Even though our average selling price is down, it's still up substantially over where it used to be.

And I think in the previous calls, we've said, hey, if you think about the affordability, 85% has been driven by the vehicle price, 15% is driven by the interest rates. I think we're probably more in a 75-25, which is more driven by the prices coming down, which automatically gets your interest rates mix a little bit more. But I think we've -- knock on wood, I think we've kind of peaked on what the increase in payments. I think we were running.

If you look at just the CAF business, we were running about 150 monthly higher than pre-normal times and I think we're probably down to 130 or so. So, there is still absolutely an affordability issue. I think your question is great when you think about the mix. Our prices were down roughly $1,600.

But the interesting thing, while your acquisition price is down almost, and that was more than 50% of the price swing, there's also a bit of an age mix thing here as well. And what I mean by that is if you look at the zero to four-year-old cars that we sold a year ago compared to the zero to four-year-old cars that we sold this year, we had less percent of those. So, we dropped a few points, which means less of those newer cars, and what you've shifted to is we've actually seen a little bit of uptick in the eight plus. And so, that obviously is going to drive down your overall selling price.

It's also a little bit of a tailwind for us on margins as well, which played out in the quarter. I think the last part of your question, which was the supply. We've gotten this question in the past. And what I would tell you is the fact that the new car sales rate has been off of what it traditionally is, that's not an environment that we're unfamiliar with working in because if I think back in the past, we've seen that before back in the '08, '09, the reduction in new car sales was actually more dramatic than it is now.

If you look at the new car sales that we've been experiencing here more recently, we still haven't hit some of the numbers that you saw back coming out of '08 and '09. So -- and we were able to manage through that period very well. And I would tell you, we have a better tool in the toolbox this time with self-sufficiency being so high. So, we're not worried about the availability of inventory just like we haven't really been worried about it over the last year.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

The only piece I'd add to that from an inventory mix standpoint is like for customers, over 25% of our cars are less than $20,000. And last year, in the first quarter, that was closer to 20%, right? So now we're up over 25%. So, in terms of customers, we are mixing the right inventory to make sure we're being as affordable as we can.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Scot Ciccarelli with Truist. Your line is open.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Good morning, guys.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hey, Scot.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Good morning. Can you help us understand what the exit comp rate was in the quarter? And then related to that, your 95% credit approval rate, is that actually higher on a year-over-year basis? In other words, did traffic drop more than what you saw in -- or what we saw in the comp results?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I'll take the comps, and I'll pass it over to Jon to talk about the other questions. So, the way I think about the kind of the comp cadence, it was pretty steady throughout the whole quarter. I mean there wasn't any remarkable difference month to month. If you look at the quarter as a whole, that's kind of how each month basically performed.

And then, Jon, I'll toss it to you on the credit.

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Yeah. On the 95% credit approval, right, again, that's anybody that's applying for credit, whether it be online or directly in the store where they start. That's similar to what we've stated before. And I think, frankly, in this environment with the tightening that we've seen from the partner lenders and CAF, I think it just speaks to the robustness of our platform to maintain that level.

So, we feel real good about that number.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Right. Can I have a follow-up question on that?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

If everyone's tightening credit, how does the approval rates stay flat? Is it just fewer and fewer people and it's better qualified people coming in? Like, is that the way to interpret that?

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Sure. Yeah, fair question. And that speaks to the uniqueness of the platform. So, let's say, perhaps the approval still there but it's at a higher interest rate where you're asking for a little more money down or get moved from lender A to lender B further down the platform.

But again, that's the benefit of having those multiple lenders and those multiple tiers is. We're at least still able to provide some level of credit to the consumer to at least contemplate purchasing the car.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

So, the approval includes changes in what those terms are. So, like you know we'll still preview --

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

That's correct. It does. So, it might not be as strong of an approval. And that's sort of the tightening as opposed to maybe a single lender platform where it's just, look, I can't approve view period.

We've got other lenders to provide alternatives.

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Got it. Super helpful. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Scot.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Michael Montani with Evercore. Your line is open.

Michael Montani -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking the question. Just first off, I was wondering if you could discuss at all comp trends quarter to date. And then, also what you're seeing in terms of inventory levels. We had seen, I think, an increase now year over year to start the quarter.

So, I just wanted to understand that. And then I had a follow-up.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, I think as far as comp trends quarter to date, I would look to similar to where we ended the quarter. I think on the inventory levels, look, I was really pleased the team has done a phenomenal job. As I said in my opening remarks, we actually took the total dollar amount down yet we increased our saleable, and they're doing a great job making sure that we're getting cars through even with delays on parts, that kind of thing.

So, we typically go down a little bit of inventory. And this month -- this quarter, we actually -- when you go from Q4 to Q1. And this year, we actually went up a little bit. So, we feel good.

We're still -- if I think about the traditional stores, we're a little bit lighter than where we normally are, but I think that's appropriate in this type of selling environment. So, I think from an inventory standpoint, we're in good shape.

Michael Montani -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

OK. And then, just a follow-up on the share components, understanding historically, it could be like a seven- to nine-month type of issue. But if that continues to persist, should we anticipate incremental investments either from GPUs or potentially ad expense or headcount? Or do you think that basically that's not necessary because it's more industry demand dynamics that are driving it?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I feel good about where we are right now. Obviously, you've got to continue to monitor the competitive landscape. You've got to come in, continue to monitor price elasticity, especially when it comes to the GPUs.

But as I said earlier, we're working on efficiencies regardless of market share. But again, I would just reiterate that I feel good about the growth that we're seeing so far. And I'm positive about the outlook in front of us.

Michael Montani -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Seth Basham with Wedbush Securities. Your line is open.

Seth Basham -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Thanks a lot, and good morning. My question is really around GPU and the better performance in retail GPU for the quarter. Can you give us a sense of how much of that was driven by market pricing dynamics relative to other internal factors?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. What I would say is the -- as far as our price elasticity test goes, it really hasn't changed much, which is why we continue to see strong margins. We continue to have great self-sufficiency. We continue to have a mix of older vehicles, which are more profitable.

All those certainly help. In my prepared remarks, I heard that I said that since the last quarter, we were talking about if you think about the full year, $2,100 to $2,200, we're actually updating on that a little bit just to be between $2,200 and $2,300 more similar to last year, especially as you look at the second quarter. So, again, I feel good about where we are. We'll continue to measure the macro factors, but we do have some nice efficiencies that we've picked up that we've been able to take a little bit to the bottom line, as well as continue to pass through the customer.

So, we feel great about our prices.

Seth Basham -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

And as a follow-up, do you think you can hit that $2 million unit sales both for fiscal '26 with retail GPUs in that 2,100 to 2,200 normalized range?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. As we said the last quarter, we're going to stick by those long-term ranges. We'll update it at the end of the year. A lot can happen in one year.

But, yeah, we're not changing that guidance at this point.

Seth Basham -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Fair enough. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Seth.

Operator

All right. Thank you. Our next question will come from Rajat Gupta with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Rajat Gupta -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking the question. Just had a couple of quick ones. One on the other gross profit line, the services efficiency that you mentioned.

Is there a way to give us a little more granularity on the 25 million year-over-year improvement there because revenues did not go up that much. Does it come primarily from reduced headcount or any other areas that you can flag? Thanks.

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Yep. Thanks for the question, Rajat. So, really two things drove that, right? Within bucket of service, service is really where we saw the year-over-year increase, about $26 million. And actually, we're able to deliver profitability and service, which we haven't done in a couple of years in the quarter here.

So, we're really pleased with the progress that we've made. Two things have driven that. Number one is we took cost coverage metrics -- measures, I'm sorry. So, as you recall, we've been hit by inflation for a good period of amount of time here.

And we took increase in rates in labor. We took increase in rates and parts, and that has allowed us to cover the inflationary pressures that we've been facing. That's number one. Number two, really strong focus on efficiency still a headwind year over year, especially with sales still being challenged.

But we've shown now sequential improvement in driving efficiency in the service department. So, we've reduced labor along with retaining our tech, which is critical right? But we have been able to reduce labor. We're also in a little bit more of a stable sales environment, which allows for more effective scheduling. And so, those are the primary reasons why we've seen that benefit.

I would expect that year-over-year benefit to continue for the rest of the year. Whether or not service will be profitable for the year, we'll see, right? But what we do know is that we do expect from a year-over-year basis to show some pretty considerable improvements year over year for the rest of the year.

Rajat Gupta -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful. May I just ask one quick one on CAF since I haven't been much asked yet? Just on the provisioning improvement on a year-over-year basis or more on a sequential basis. Is there an element of recoveries that you can talk about that might have benefited sequentially? Or if you could just generally talk about what you saw from a recovery standpoint, either frequency or severity.

And anyway to think about provisions over the next couple of quarters. Thanks.

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Sure. Yeah, I appreciate the question, Rajat. Yeah, I'll just talk about the provision sequentially quarter-over-quarter. I think that's driven primarily by some of the tightening that we've done.

Obviously, you're going to provision for your new originations within the quarter. So, if you tighten and that's going to come in at a lower loss rates, then there's just less money that you need to put toward those receivables. I mean, obviously, we then make adjustments on existing portfolio accordingly. So, I think that's some of what you're seeing there.

With regard to your recovery rates, I'll just speak in general around that. Historically, we're between 40% to 60% on our recovery rate. Obviously, with vehicle values very high. We enjoyed recovery rates in the 70 range.

Year over year, we're probably down 13 points -- 12 to 13 points were actually up sequentially. So, yeah. I don't think recovery rate that was playing a large piece of that. I think units still carry the day here, and again, hopefully, that explains the provisioning down quarter over quarter.

Rajat Gupta -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Got it. Just to clarify, you mentioned 70% on the recovery in the quarter?

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

So, recovery rate for the quarter was -- I think the numbers were -- let's see, I think we'll show it about 59% to 60% when all is counted. So, which we were 73% to 74% last year, we were about 57% last quarter. So, just obviously down year over year, but a tick up quarter over quarter.

Rajat Gupta -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for all the color.

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Sure.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Rajat.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from Chris Pierce with Needham. Your line is open.

Chris Pierce -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Hey, Bill, you talked in your remarks about feeling better about the macro as wholesale prices come in quicker than they normally do at this time of the year, if I understood that right. Is your -- are you feeling better about the used car macro environment returning to a 40 million unit number at a sooner rate than you had previously thought based on kind of what you're seeing out there? Just wanted to get a sense of how you're thinking about bigger picture.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. No, I don't -- I think it's too early to make that call. My comments around the depreciation, I think what we're seeing now is depreciation, which you would normally see. If you go back to the old normal -- the normalized environment, which is hard to remember back then, typically, you see depreciation this time of the year into the fall.

So, I think we're seeing that and again, while it can be a bit of a headwind for the wholesale business, I think overall, it's good for the industry because it just makes those cars more affordable, especially for a consumer that budget pinched. So, I think it's still a little too early to say we're going to get back to 40 million right away, but I think the more prices move down, the better that is for the industry.

Chris Pierce -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

OK. And then, on used GPU. The question was asked about of lack of new car sales leading the lack of used car sales and you guys retailing older vehicles, if I understood that right. If you're going to be retailing older vehicles for the next multiple years, is that a multiyear tailwind for used GPU? I know you raised it to 2,200 to 2,300, what we just saw come in above 2,361.

So, I'm just curious if there will be upside to that number even if you're retailing more aged vehicles than you normally would prior?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. No, I wouldn't think of it as more upside. I mean as Enrique said in his comments and in the script, the first quarter is generally your strongest quarter from a margin standpoint. The turns on inventory, less markdowns, that kind of thing.

So, while the older vehicle mix absolutely helps us from a margin standpoint. We've been seeing this play out over the last year because we've had a higher mix of older vehicles that we've been selling. And really that's being determined by the customer. So, if the customer wants to continue to see older vehicles, we'll make sure we have plenty of that inventory out there.

If pricing comes back in line, over a period of time, and all of a sudden, your later-model vehicles are more affordable, especially in comparison to new cars then some consumers may migrate there. I think that's the beauty of the business models that we can put out on the lot whatever customers are looking for. And we have the capability to go older and we have the capability to go newer, just depends on what the customer is looking for.

Chris Pierce -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question will come from David Whiston with Morningstar. Your line is open.

David Whiston -- Morningstar -- Analyst

Thanks. Good morning. Just curious on electric vehicles. With such a huge surge in demand on the new vehicle side, are you seeing that on the used vehicle side too? Or is affordability kind of muting that EV demand for used buyers?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, David. Thank you for the question. So, I think if you think about CarMax as a whole and the number of EVs we actually sell, it's a very small percent. I think probably last quarter, it was roughly on pure EVs around 1%, maybe a little bit more.

And we've seen that number tick up a little bit. As you can imagine, there just hasn't been a lot of EVs out there in the marketplace used. Now, obviously, all the manufacturers are putting out more EV product. I do think -- I mean, you point out a good thing on affordability.

I think they have to become a little bit more affordable for the average consumer. But that being said, just like we're the retailer of used vehicles. We want to be the retailer, the largest retailer have used EVs. And so, we're preparing for that.

While it's a small percentage of our sales now, we think that, that will grow over time. And so, we're already taking steps to make sure that we can be prepared for that.

David Whiston -- Morningstar -- Analyst

OK. And just one thing on FBS. Can FBS customers loan eventually go into a CAFs securitization? Or does it have to stay with an external lending partner?

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

No. CAF is one of the six lenders that are currently operating on FBS. And again, that's the online shopping tool. So, yes, absolutely.

All lenders -- all of those lenders are participating in CAF loans. We'll absolutely underwrite folks in FBS and it will go through our normal funding channels.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. David, that's the FBS is all the different lending partners. It's a very unique product out in the marketplace because it's not only CAF, but it's our additional lending partners that have been with us forever. And at the end of the day, that's what gets consumers, especially ones that are conscious about their monthly payment.

It gets them the best rate.

David Whiston -- Morningstar -- Analyst

Did you give an FBS penetration number?

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

You mean as far as how many consumers are leveraging FBS?

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Yeah. I think what we would say is of the people that apply for credit, 80% plus are starting online and leveraging our online platform.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. And everybody can do an FBS experience. It just depends on how they want to shop.

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Yeah.

David Whiston -- Morningstar -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. We have no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the call back to Bill for closing remarks.

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Great. Thank you. Well, thanks, everybody, for joining us and your questions and your support. As always, I want to thank our associates for what they do, taking care of each other and the customers.

They are absolutely our differentiator. I also would like to remind everybody that's on the call, we recently published our 2023 Responsibility Report, and I encourage everybody to listen to it -- I mean read it, that's listening today. It provides some great updates on some key initiatives, including climate-related and the tangible impact that we're having on community. So, again, we're proud of the values that we're living every day, and I think we're well positioned to drive long-term sustainable value for all of our shareholders.

So, again, thank you for your time today, and we'll talk again next quarter.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

David Lowenstein -- Assistant Vice President, Investor Relations

Bill Nash -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Enrique Mayor-Mora -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Jon Daniels -- Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Brian Nagel -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Craig Kennison -- Robert W. Baird and Company -- Analyst

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens, Inc. -- Analyst

Sharon Zackfia -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

John Healy -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst

Scot Ciccarelli -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Michael Montani -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Seth Basham -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Rajat Gupta -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Chris Pierce -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

David Whiston -- Morningstar -- Analyst

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