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Cs Disco (LAW 4.53%)
Q4 2023 Earnings Call
Feb 22, 2024, 5:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to CS Disco's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session.
[Operator instructions] I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, head of investor relations, Aleksey Lakchakov. Please go ahead.
Aleksey Lakchakov -- Head of Investor Relations
Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us on today's conference call to discuss the financial results for DISCO's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023. With me on today's call are Scott Hill, DISCO's chief executive officer; and Michael Lafair, DISCO's chief financial officer. Today's call will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our financial outlook and future performance, our future capital expenditures, market opportunity, market position, product strategy, and growth opportunities and developments in the legal technology industry. In addition to our prepared remarks, our earnings press release, SEC filings, and a replay of today's call can be found on our Investor Relations website at ir.csdisco.com.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements represent our management's beliefs and assumptions only as of the date made. Information on factors that could affect the company's financial results is included in its filings with the SEC from time to time, including the section entitled Risk Factors in the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on October 9, 2023, and the company's upcoming annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, during today's call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures.
These non-GAAP financial measures are in addition to and not a substitute for or superior to measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures and a discussion of the limitations of using non-GAAP measures versus their closest GAAP equivalents is available in our earnings release. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to Scott.
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Aleksey. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. I would like to start with a few comments on a strong end to 2023 before turning to our objectives for 2024. Fourth quarter total revenue increased 10% versus last year to $35.7 million.
Full year 2023 total revenue was $138.1 million, up 2% from the prior year. Software revenues, which include revenues from eDiscovery and other software product offerings, grew 5% to $29.3 million in the fourth quarter. For the full year, software revenues grew 3% to $112.3 million. We had 1,441 customers as of December 31, 2023, which is 9% more than a year ago.
Importantly, we had nearly 300 customers that generated more than $100,000 in revenues in 2023, up 9% compared to 2022. The number of customers who generated more than $1 million in revenue also expanded to 26 during 2023. And finally, we saw multiproduct attach rate improve to 15% at the end of 2023, up from 11% at the end of 2022. We have more customers spending more money and buying more of our products, and we believe there is meaningful room for additional expansion in our existing customer base.
Services revenues, which include revenues from DISCO Review and Professional Services, were $6.5 million in the fourth quarter. Full-year services revenue was $25.8 million, flat from the prior year. Q4 2023 adjusted EBITDA was negative $1 million. Fiscal year 2023 adjusted EBITDA was negative $25.9 million.
We ended the year with just under $160 million in cash on our balance sheet. 2023 was a year of change for DISCO, but we're pleased with the return to growth we saw within our software business exiting the year. As we turn to 2024, we are focused on continuing to reaccelerate our revenue growth, investing to enhance our software product offerings, including advancing our innovative Cecilia capability and strengthening our operating framework to improve our efficiency and profitability. And importantly, under the strong leadership of our chief human resources officer, Karen Herckis, we are building a stronger cultural foundation that we believe will be critical to sustaining our success.
Let's start with continuing to reaccelerate revenue. We struggled with a number of distractions during 2023, but I'm proud of how the team executed and delivered a solid end of the year. And importantly, I'm very confident that we have the leadership and team in place focused and motivated to build on that momentum. Of particular note, we're fortunate that Andrea Popovecz agreed to step in as our senior vice president of global sales.
Andrea brings over 30 years of experience in the legal industry across all segments, having led sales teams for over 20 years at LexisNexis and over seven years at Epic. She hit the ground at full sprint and has already improved and accelerated a number of our key initiatives. The great news is that we have always had a large addressable market, a growing customer base, and industry-leading products. I believe we are now developing and deploying the right sales approach to capture a greater portion of that significant opportunity.
Entering 2024, we have taken a number of steps to improve our sales execution and drive our software dollar-based net retention back above 100% from 97% exiting 2023. We have bifurcated our customers into specific profiles and are developing sales motions that better reflect the nature of those distinct groups. We have reorganized our sales team to reflect these groupings and their needs. We've enhanced our sales plan, committed to a more constructive channel partnership, and refined our pricing strategy.
We have also combined our services and customer success functions under Melanie Antoon's leadership as our chief customer officer to reposition customers at the center of what we do. We believe these initiatives will improve our customer satisfaction and NPS scores and enable consistent revenue growth across both existing and new customers. In support of these sales and customer initiatives, we are refining our investments in lead generation, marketing, and brand awareness. And we are already seeing signs of progress.
Since the launch of the Lady J campaign last year, we have seen organic searches for DISCO triple, and we have received over 10 million views and 32.8 million impressions across various platforms. A third-party survey of over 1,000 U.S.-based legal professionals indicated that we are now the most cited eDiscovery technology platform among all of our competitors. It's very common for us to hear new leads and customers mention the Lady J campaign as they first begin their DISCO journey. We must now do a better job in 2024 of converting this increased awareness into revenue growth.
Our product and engineering teams are also doing a great job of supporting our sales efforts by continuing to enhance our industry-leading eDiscovery offering at an unprecedented pace while also further developing our market-leading Cecilia AI capabilities and our innovative legal platforms, including Case Builder, Hold, and Request. With Cecilia Q&A now generally available in the U.S., we were able to sign our first several customers. The customers were a combination of law firms and large corporate users, and we are already hearing some great feedback. It was exciting to hear the founding partner of a leading Houston-based law firm explain to us the benefits they were receiving from Cecilia.
He mentioned they are using Cecilia on a very large database with over 1.4 million documents and a very tight deadline. They demonstrated their end client how Cecilia could ultimately save them hundreds of working hours and help accelerate the speed and quality of the work at the same time. This partner also told us how he himself is able to use Cecilia to find answers to very specific questions with only a couple of clicks, while his team finds it far easier to get started and execute reviews with Cecilia. The early success we are seeing with Cecilia isn't expected to be a large contributor to our 2024 revenue, but it is certainly opening doors to new and existing customers and is laying the foundation for future growth by extending our lead and innovation in the legal industry.
It also demonstrates why we believe it is imperative that we continue to invest to enhance our eDiscovery offering, including advancing our innovative Cecilia capabilities. During 2023, our product and engineering teams worked together to release major AI innovations, including Cecilia Q&A, which increases the efficacy and efficiency with which lawyers review documents, and Cecilia Timelines and tagging, which enhance the way lawyers prepare cases. Our product and engineering teams have also been hard at work on Cecilia auto review, which is now in private testing and has the capability to significantly automate and improve the accuracy and quality of large tedious document reviews. As we pivot to 2024, we expect the rate and pace of innovation to continue as we add additional skills to our Cecilia AI platform.
We announced the launch of Cecilia Deposition Summaries at Legal Week in January. This generative AI-driven solution enables legal professionals to automatically create deposition summaries, which have traditionally been a tedious and time-consuming task. Our team is also working to integrate the primary law asset, which we licensed in late 2023, into Cecilia, which will marry facts with law on a single technology platform for the first time. We anticipate launching primary law capabilities later this year.
And while we're excited about Cecilia, the key to our success in 2024 remains our core eDiscovery software and services offering. During the fourth quarter, we continued to deliver key functionality that our customers need, including deeper integration capabilities between Timelines and eDiscovery, new capability to track user activity and last access user information, production sharing, which allows lawyers to securely and easily send legal productions to a third party, and work product permissions, which allows users to keep work confidential from document viewers such as expert witnesses. In January, our team delivered the ability to sort on a custom field, which is one of the most asked-for enhancements on our road map. Our product and engineering teams are extremely talented and dedicated, and I'm confident that 2024 will be another banner year in product development that will delight our customers, enable revenue growth, and strengthen the foundation of our future success.
We are investing in local and globalized talent to supplement capacity while we continue to build a comprehensive litigation platform, which we believe will truly transform the way legal work gets done. We believe we are positioned to return to meaningful growth with a much more precise focus on serving our customers. We will invest to solidify our technology footprint, enhance our core offerings, and build our lead in product innovation. We intend to do all of this while also vigilantly focusing on the strength of our balance sheet and cash generation.
In order to do that, we must strengthen our operating framework to improve our efficiency and profitability by developing the processes, systems, and infrastructure necessary to scale efficiently and profitably. One important initiative that we will continue is expanding our presence in India to enable additional future efficiencies. In 2023, we grew our employee head count in India from zero to over 100 employees. We anticipate approximately 20% of our workforce will be based in India by the end of this year.
We are also working to enhance our CRM processes and systems and rebuild our customer success and sales ops functions. We will enhance our security and controls capabilities and develop an improved quote-to-cash process, as well as enhancing other key back-office processes and systems. These are critical initiatives that will enable our future ability to scale. Finally, while the board continues to evaluate a strong set of candidates to be DISCO's next leader, I remain fully engaged as CEO, and I'm very excited about 2024.
As I enter my sixth month in the role, I want to reiterate some of the things I mentioned on the last earnings call over three months ago. I remain convinced in the amazing talent, the industry-leading products, the sizable market opportunity, and the strategic road map we have at DISCO. I now believe we have also made significant and necessary improvements to our culture and our go-to-market approach. But something else became clear in the time that I've spent in this role.
We had stopped investing in our people. We cut key sales functions and field capacity to save money without having a cohesive go-to-market strategy. We reduced R&D capacity to the detriment of our product road map. We asked our G&A resources to work harder without addressing key system and process gaps.
Those actions pushed us closer to profitability but not in a sustainable way. As I said in my remarks this afternoon, we are going to invest in correcting those missteps. We believe these investments, combined with reaccelerating revenue growth, will put us on a sustainable path to profitability during 2025. The opportunity is there.
Now, we have to execute. With that, I'll turn it over to Michael.
Michael Lafair -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Scott. In Q4 2023, total revenues were $35.7 million, up 10% year over year. Software revenues, which includes revenues from eDiscovery and other software product solutions, were $29.3 million, up 5% year over year. Services revenues, which include DISCO Managed Review and Professional Services, were $6.5 million, up 37% year over year.
Full year 2023 revenues were $138.1 million, up 2% year over year. Software revenues were $112.3 million, up 3% from prior year. Services revenues were $25.8 million, flat versus last year. Growth in our professional services was offset by a year-over-year decline in revenues from our Review product offering, which resulted in flat performance.
Total dollar-based net retention as of 2023 year-end was 92%. And as Scott mentioned, software dollar-based net retention was 97%. In discussing the remainder of the income statement, please note that unless otherwise specified, our references to our gross margin, operating expenses, and net loss are on a non-GAAP basis. Adjusted EBITDA is also a non-GAAP financial measure.
Our gross margin inQ4 was 76%, and gross margin for fiscal year 2023 was 75%, in line with Q4 and fiscal year 2022. As we mentioned before, our gross margins fluctuate from period to period based on the nature of our customers' usage, for example, the amount and types of data ingested and managed on our platform. Sales and marketing expense for Q4 was $13.0 million or 36% of revenue compared to 52% of revenue in Q4 of the prior year. For fiscal year 2023, sales and marketing expense was $62.1 million or 45% of revenue compared to 51% of revenue for fiscal year 2022, a decrease of over $6.5 million year on year.
The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in sales and marketing personnel costs. Research and development expense for Q4 was 8.7 million or 24% of revenue compared to 41% of revenue in Q4 of the prior year. For fiscal year 2023, research and development expenses were $42.3 million or 31% of revenue compared to 38% of revenue in fiscal year 2022, a decrease of over 8.8 million year on year. This decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in research and development personnel and a decrease in per-employee costs as a result of globalization efforts.
General and administrative expense in Q4 was $7.8 million or 22% of revenue compared to 20% of revenue in Q4 of the prior year. For fiscal year 2023, general and administrative expenses were $30.2 million or 22% of revenue, consistent with general and administrative expenses as a percent of revenue in fiscal year 2022. General and administrative expenses were just about flat year on year. Operating loss in Q4 was $2.2 million, representing an operating margin of negative 6% compared to negative 37% in Q4 of the prior year.
Operating loss for fiscal year 2023 was $30.5 million, representing a margin of negative 22% compared to negative 36% in 2022. Adjusted EBITDA was negative $1.0 million in Q4, representing an adjusted EBITDA margin of negative 3% compared to an adjusted EBITDA margin of negative 34% in Q4 of the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA in fiscal year 2023 was negative $25.9 million, a margin of negative 19% compared to a margin of negative 33% in 2022. Net loss in Q4 was $0.3 million or negative 1% of revenue compared to a net loss of $10.8 million or negative 33% of revenue in Q4 of the prior year.
Net loss in fiscal year 2023 was $22.8 million or negative 17% of revenue compared to net loss of 47.0 million or negative 35% of revenue in 2022. Net loss per share for fiscal year 2023 was $0.38 per share compared to $0.80 per share for fiscal year 2022. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow statement. We ended Q4 with $159.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and no debt.
Operating cash flow in fiscal year 2023 was negative $25.5 million compared to negative $46.0 million in fiscal year 2022. Now, turning to the outlook. For Q1 2024, we are providing total revenue guidance in the range of $34.5 million to $36.5 million and software revenue guidance in the range of $29.5 million to $30.5 million. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of negative $8 million to negative $6 million.
For fiscal year 2024, we are providing total revenue guidance in the range of $143 million to $155 million and software revenue guidance in the range of $120 million to $127 million. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of negative $26 million to negative $19 million, reflecting the investments Scott previously discussed. Now, I'd like to turn the call over to the operator to open up the line for Q&A. Operator?
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator instructions] Your first question comes from Scott Berg with Needham and Company. Please go ahead.
Rob Morelli -- Needham and Company -- Analyst
Hi. This is Rob Morelli on for Scott Berg. Thanks for taking my question. You know, as you guys touched on, January, you announced the departure of Luke McNeal, CRO.
Can you just touch on how, if at all, this has impacted your 2024 outlook and your go-to-market motion for the year? Thanks.
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Hey, Rob. It's Scott. Thanks for the question.
You know, we were disappointed to have Luke depart, but I have to tell you that Andrea Popovecz, who stepped in his place, got on board remarkably fast. I placed a phone call to her literally a week before our kickoff, a couple of weeks before Legal Week, and you wouldn't know that she had just stepped into the role. I think the fact that she's been in our industry for 30 years, 20 years at LexisNexis and seven at Epic really gave her a lot of forward momentum as she stepped into the role. And frankly, she picked up some of the good work that Luke had started with the broader sales team and has really helped us refine and enhance it.
And so, I really don't feel like -- not only do I feel like we haven't lost a step, I think we have a little bit more forward momentum as we move into the year. Make no mistake. A lot of the things that we've talked about in the call are things that we are just starting to deploy. So, we had a good fourth quarter, a nice way to end the year.
You can see that our guidance is that we think we'll have a similarly good start to the year. But those things aren't really driven by the initiatives that we're launching and deploying right now. But I have the utmost confidence in Andrea and her leadership team and our team out in the field and inside sales across the board to go and do the things that are necessary to deliver revenue in the range that we provided for the year.
Rob Morelli -- Needham and Company -- Analyst
Got it. That's helpful. And then regarding Cecilia, great to hear some of the positive feedback to date. Any update on the monetization strategy there? And when it comes to the guide, is there any sort of uplift or incremental adds there baked in? Thanks.
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, there's not a significant dependency on Cecilia revenue in 2024 per se. But as I noted, she is definitely opening doors to not only existing customers who are looking at ways to extend their partnership with us but also customers that maybe we've had before and are now open to coming back, new customers with whom we haven't spoken before. And so, the impact on 2024, I think, is we're once again demonstrating what DISCO started with, which is the leading innovator in the space.
And so, customers want to talk to us about what we're doing. And while we're in the room, of course, we can talk to them about buying our eDiscovery platform in the next case. We can talk to them about deploying Case Builder across the case. We can talk to them about our Hold and our Request offering.
So, that's really the impact that Cecilia is having. Now, as I said, we do have some customers that are using Cecilia right now on cases and who are paying us for that. And so, I'm excited that that process has begun. But there are a number of different ways.
You know, Cecilia, think of her as a thing, but it's really the skills that matter. You think about Timelines which are released and live and a part of our Case Builder, Q&A, which is being used by paying customers today. But you've also got auto review or tagging coming down the line, which will, I think, greatly enhance our customers doing review. You've got the deposition summaries that we announced at legal, but that's not even fully launched to our customers yet.
That should be launched in the near future. So, a number of different skills that enhance existing products, enhance existing workflows and, I think, provide a number of different opportunities for us to package, bundle, and price in a way that our customers will find really attractive. And so, contribution this year is door opening. The contribution as we move into '25 and '26 is even more revenue growth opportunity because, frankly, we need that acceleration to continue to make the investments to innovate for our customers.
Rob Morelli -- Needham and Company -- Analyst
Got it. That's helpful. Congratulations on the quarter. Thanks.
Operator
Your next question comes from Mark Schappel with Loop Capital. Please go ahead.
Tim Greaves -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hi. This is Tim Greaves on for Mark. One for me. With respect to your overall demand environment, could you provide an update on whether you're seeing any changes with your customers, like, over the past 90 days in terms of buying patterns, sales cycles, or any, like, additional sign-offs on deals closed?
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
I wouldn't say that I've noticed any notable difference. You know, as I mentioned, we had a good end of the year. We've had a good start to a really good January and moving into February, I think a good start to the quarter. So, no.
I don't know any particular change in terms of buying patterns. But again, what I am noticing, and I just spent -- I guess it's now been two or three weeks ago, a little bit of time for the first time at Legal Week, but our booth was buzzing. And again, I think it goes back to some of the innovative offerings that we're talking about. And so, what I'm seeing is an additional engagement or reengagement across existing and new customers that I'm excited about.
Again, they aren't necessarily yielding right into January and February, but I think certainly will allow us to accelerate as we move through the year.
Tim Greaves -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
OK. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from David Hynes with Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.
David Hynes -- Canaccord Genuity -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Scott, Michael, I need to ask about customer adds, right? I mean, they were negative in Q4. You added 10 customers in the back half of the year. Just what's going on there? I mean, it seems to be a market slowdown from what we saw in the first half of the year, and I guess it begs the broader question of, like, what's the best leading indicator that we should be paying attention to for the health of the business?
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I think that's a really good question, and it's an important one because I think, historically, we've talked about customers as if they're all equal, an equal opportunity, equal future ability to grow, equal interest in partnering. And that's not what I've seen in the six months that I've been here. I think there are certainly customers where we have deep long-standing relationships.
But you know, there are also customers who do a small case, buy a small deal, and then aren't with us, you know, two months later. And so, I've really asked the team to focus a lot inside that 1,441 customers on who are the ones that we can grow with. Who are the ones that will partner with us? Who are the ones that look to us for the second case and the fourth case and the sixth case? Because historically, what we know is if we can get a customer to a fifth or a sixth case, that's a sticky customer. And so, I've asked the team to look at the customers from a lens of who are the customers we can grow to six cases.
You know, it doesn't immediately go one to six, but who's the one we can sell a second to? And if that second one comes, can it lead to a third? And can that put us on a path to a six? So, what that's going to mean is from quarter to quarter, I don't know that you'd look at the customer count as particularly meaningful. But it does matter year over year because we do need to grow customers. And so, I take solace in the fact that we're entering 2024 with 9% more customers than we had in the prior year. We're entering the year with 9% more customers spending more than $100,000.
We're entering the year with 26 customers, which is up, like, 10% or 12% from last year. It's up, you know, 3 customers, but they're spending a $1 million or more a year. That's the growth driver for us. And the thing it does is it makes us a little bit less transactional because to the extent that we can embed ourselves in a customer and grow with that customer, it becomes far more annuity-like.
It's still transaction in nature, but the relationship becomes more annuity because there's a point in time at which we get the call on the next case. It's not a hard sell to win that case. And so, over the course of the year, growing our customer base, absolutely important inside and out in any particular quarter, particularly, and this is really important, as we're, for the first time ever as a company, segmenting our customers and looking at big law, distinct from midmarket law, distinct from corporate law, and developing sales motions around that, deploying our sales team across that, aligning our marketing spend with that. There's going to be some dynamics underneath the covers within that customer count.
And so, what I would encourage you to do is watch the year-over-year growth for the full year, ask about the trends as we move through the year, but know that what I think really important is the fact that we've segmented the customers. We're developing the sales motion. We're aligning soup to nuts every bit of spend around customer to serve that. I think those are the more meaningful metrics.
And then at the end of the day, the metric to watch is how is revenue trending.
David Hynes -- Canaccord Genuity -- Analyst
Yeah. OK. Fair enough. Michael, one for you.
Do you have software revenue for '21 and '22? I mean, it'd be helpful to see how that's been trending as a percent of revenue given it looks like it's going to be a new guidance metric.
Michael Lafair -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, the K includes software revenue for '22 -- or for '23, and I'll just tell you what it is on the call now. It's about 112 million, and that is in the K. And you also have in the K the quarterly numbers for '23.
David Hynes -- Canaccord Genuity -- Analyst
But nothing historically past beyond that?
Michael Lafair -- Chief Financial Officer
Nothing prior to '23.
David Hynes -- Canaccord Genuity -- Analyst
OK. Got it. Thank you, guys.
Operator
[Operator instructions] Your next question comes from Koji Ikeda with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Koji Ikeda -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Hey, Scott. Hey, Michael. Thanks for taking the questions. So, just a couple from me here.
I think I heard that the -- or I guess it's safe to assume that the third quarter 2024 EBITDA profitability inflection target is now off the table. But I think you did mention something about 2025. So, would that be EBITDA profitable for the full year 2025, or is that a quarter in 2025 that would show that positive inflection?
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Koji, it's Scott. It's a good question and not an unexpected one. What I said precisely in my remarks is it will put us on sustainable, and that's an important word to me, a sustainable path to profitability as we move through 2025.
So, I didn't pick a quarter. I didn't pick the year. What I'm telling you is that I believe the combination of the investments we're making this year, the acceleration in revenue we're seeing this year, and then an additional acceleration as we move out into '25 and beyond are the things that put us on track for a sustainable path to profitability during 2025. Again, I'm not going to pick the mark, but -- and again, just in case I need to say it on the record, we have to get to profitability.
We're committed to get there. I just, as I said, did not want to cut off our ability to grow revenues and to balance the path to profitability, and that's what we're doing. So, as we move into 2025, I think the investments we're making this year, combined with accelerating revenue growth, will put us on a sustainable path as we move through the year next year.
Koji Ikeda -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Got it. No, that is super helpful. And looking at the guidance, it assumes services revenue, which is DISCO Review, is roughly flat for 2024. So, I guess maybe walk us through why it would be flat.
And is services revenue going to be a drag on the business going forward? And then the second part of that question is, how is Review priced? Because I was looking through prior transcripts, and it sounded like it's priced on how many documents are ingested in the platform. So, just wondering why it was being put into a different category going forward.
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So, it's a good question. So, I think the way to think about it is within services, you have what I'll call kind of the get you up and running in our eDiscovery platform services, and then you have our Review services, which leverage our technology. The attach rate of our get you up and running services, you know, our Professional Services is what we call them, things like ingest and forensics.
Those things tend to have a pretty consistent attach rate on our software revenue. And so, I say that, and you could fairly imply that what that means is underneath the covers, revenue is growing in services and down a little bit in Review. And that's an accurate directional conclusion for you to reach. The important thing, though, is it's not because Review is going to be -- I think you used the word a drag on the business overall.
But Review has tended historically to be more episodic, and it's tended to correlate much more significantly with larger deals, while our services correlate with our software revenue. It doesn't matter. Small deal, big deal, the attach rate is more consistent. One of the reasons we broke out the two numbers is we wanted to give our investors a lot more clarity around the underlying strength of the thing that is key to our business, which is the software.
But we will absolutely continue to offer our Review services to clients who want that. Again, tends to be on the larger deal. I think a really important point, though, a lot of the costs associated with our Review business are variable. There's very little fixed cost to our business from that.
And so, we love the big reviews when they come. We fundamentally believe that we can do them more efficiently, leveraging our software. We think it's an important offering into a very large addressable market. But again, right now, the attach rate relates more to the larger deals.
As we move up the stack, as we develop our sales motion around large laws or big laws, we develop our sales motion around corporate, I believe our ability to win those larger deals will improve. And as it does, I think the Review attach rate will start to look a little more consistent like our Professional Services. But you know, as of now, we effectively didn't want to lean into the year on whether that would or wouldn't happen quickly. But again, a key point for you to understand, not a lot of fixed -- I mean, like, $1 million to $2 million of fixed fees around that business.
So, not a lot of fixed costs to continue to provide that service where our customers want it.
Koji Ikeda -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Thank you, Scott. Thank you for taking the questions.
Operator
Your next question comes from Brent Thill with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Thank you, Scott and Michael, for taking my questions. This is Luv Sodha on for Brent Thill. I wanted to ask one. So, obviously, dollar retention has declined quite a bit to 92% versus 106% last year.
I guess, what are the key vectors to drive that back to above 100%? And could you maybe break that down between, say, the volume of cases versus driving up multiproduct adoption?
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Look. I think, for me, the fact that we're coming off a 97% software year, it is the lowest-hanging fruit we've got. Historically, you know, our DNR has been a 115%, 120% in the software business.
In order to hit the guide, we got to push that back to, call, it 103% to 105% this year, which isn't the goal. The goal is to get back where we've been historically, where we know we can be. But it's just got to be a modest push. And the way that's going to happen is a far greater focus on our existing customer base.
And that's why I say that inside that 1,441, it's not one large -- everybody's the same kind of customer. There are a lot of big law customers in there. There are corporates in there. There are midmarket firms in there.
And I think our ability to go and find the right motion in those segments is critically important. And another, I think, really important thing is we went from having a really strong customer success function a couple of years ago to having no customer success function. And Melanie Antoon and on her team, Justin, the two of them are working well together, have already reestablished that team. And so, as I talk about the alignment of go-to-market in the field, in marketing, sales ops-wise, a big part and an important part of that team is the customer success function, the client experience.
And so, we've got to get back to understanding who our customers are, what their needs are, and looking, as you said, for the opportunity -- what's the next product they could buy from us? What's the next case where we should have the opportunity? Can they leverage the Cecilia skills that are in market? Do they need Case Builder to sit across all of their cases or one case in particular? The client success rep that we have talking to those customers every week, I think, will be critical to that success. And so, for me, the fact that we moved from 115 to 120 down to 97 is we, frankly, took our eye off the ball. And the ability to push it back above 100 and back toward historical levels is basic blocking and tackling. And I feel like we've taken the right steps.
Again, I caution that we've just rebuilt that function over the last couple of months, and we're aligning now around our segmentation. But I fundamentally believe as we move through the year, that alignment and that function, in particular, are going to be critical to our ability to really rebuild or refresh that DNR number.
Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Got it. Appreciate that. And just a quick follow-up. On the investments that you're planning to make, Scott, I guess, which parts of the business are getting this investment? Because obviously, you're getting some efficiency from the additional investments in India.
So, where are these investments going, and how will you track the efficiency of these investments?
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So, it really -- it's multifaceted, as I said in my remarks. The first thing -- the first investment we made was in our people. Last year was a difficult year for DISCO in any number of ways, but it was a year in which, once again, most of our people were simply asked to work harder with little to no reward.
And so, as we moved into this year, for the first time in two years, we had a consistent salary increase program. It doesn't really impact our EBITDA numbers, but we also had an equity program that gave everyone in our company equity, which I think is the greatest thing in the world to align our employees' interest around what's best for the company. So, that's the first and key thing for me is investing in our people. The second thing is, as I mentioned, we're rebuilding our client success team.
We're rebuilding literally from zero our sales ops team. We're adding about 20% capacity in the field going from, I think, around 30 reps to just under 40, which will allow us to cover more customers as we segment particularly around corporate and big law. We're making investments in R&D because the flat reality is that most of what R&D is doing today is what will allow us to grow tomorrow. It's not about 2024.
It's about Deposition Summaries. That's about the enhancement in our eDiscovery platform. It's about the enhancements in Case Builder. And in a world where you cut that because it doesn't line up with the current-year revenue, you're effectively cutting your nose off despite your face.
And so, it's investments in R&D that are in the future. And Michael, I know this is near and dear to his heart, as you try and scale a business, you can't depend simply on people working harder. You have to have systems. You have to have processes.
You have to have controls. You have to have security, and we must make the investments that are necessary to do that. The good news is the level of spend increase this year versus last year isn't something you need to go model in as we move forward. I think what we're doing is recovering from a little bit of an overcorrection last year, getting back to balance this year, and then we'll be able to support double-digit revenue growth with low-single-digit expense growth and put ourselves on that sustainable path to profitability by doing that.
So, it really is investments across the board, but all of those are in line with what I said in the script, which is finding our way toward sustainable double-digit revenue growth, modest forward-looking investment, and an ability to get our business to profitable and a positive cash flow. And by the way, the last thing I'll say on that, the way I look at it is if you take our guidance, you know, roughly speaking, that's about 15% of the cash that that we had on the balance sheet at the end of the year, which, if we left it sitting in the bank, would earn about 4%. I think the return on the investment we're making will be significantly greater than that.
Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you so much for the color.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn it back over to CEO Scott Hill for closing remarks.
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Brianna. We appreciate everyone joining us today. 2023, as I just said, was a challenging year for DISCO. I want to thank our employees for their resilience and our customers for their forbearance.
We're excited about the opportunities we see in 2024. There will be bumps on the road, but our team is aligned and focused. We're committed to returning to consistent double-digit growth, committed to disciplined capital and expense management leading to sustainable profitability. We're committed to our customers and to each other, and I have to tell you I'm excited and proud to be a part of it as we begin the next chapter for DISCO.
We look forward to updating you on the progress as we move into our next quarters, and I wish you all a nice evening.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Aleksey Lakchakov -- Head of Investor Relations
Scott Hill -- Chief Executive Officer
Michael Lafair -- Chief Financial Officer
Rob Morelli -- Needham and Company -- Analyst
Tim Greaves -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
David Hynes -- Canaccord Genuity -- Analyst
Koji Ikeda -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst
