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Sotera Health (SHC 0.71%)
Q4 2023 Earnings Call
Feb 27, 2024, 9:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning and welcome to the Sotera Health fourth quarter and full year 2023 conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. [Operator instructions] After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. [Operator instructions] Please note, this event is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to vice president and treasurer, Mr. Jason Peterson. Please go ahead.
Jason Peterson -- Vice President and Treasurer
Thank you. Good morning and welcome to today's call. You can find today's press release and accompanying supplemental slides on the investors section of our website at soterahealth.com. This webcast is being recorded and a replay will be available in the investors section of the Sotera Health website.
On the call with me today are chairman and chief executive officer, Michael Petras; and chief financial officer, Jon Lyons. During the call, some of our comments may be considered forward-looking statements. The matters addressed in these statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied. Please refer to Sotera Health's SEC filings and the forward-looking statements slide at the beginning of the presentation for a description of these risks and uncertainties.
The company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Please note that during the discussion today, the company will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, tax rate applicable to adjusted net income, adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA margin, segment income margin, net debt, and net leverage ratio, as well as constant currency comparisons. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures for all relevant periods may be found in the schedules attached to the company's press release and in the supplemental slides to this presentation. The operator will be assisting with the Q&A portion of the call today.
Please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up so that we can try and give everyone an opportunity to ask questions. As always, if you have any questions post-call, please feel free to reach out to me and the investor relations team. I'll now turn the call over to Sotera Health chairman and CEO, Michael Petras.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, everyone, and welcome to today's call. This morning, we reported both top- and bottom-line growth for the quarter and the full year while delivering 50%-plus adjusted EBITDA margins. 2023 presented many challenges, including macroeconomic and customer supply chain pressures, a shifting regulatory landscape, and a lumpy Cobalt-60 harvest schedule at Nordion. Throughout the year, the Sotera Health team demonstrated resiliency, adaptability, and unwavering commitment to the company's core values in the face of these challenges.
In addition to the growth we delivered, we were successful in achieving a number of operational goals. At Sterigenics, we completed four capacity expansions and made significant progress on our U.S. EO facility enhancements. The Nordion team secured Cobalt-60 supply and successfully delivered 50% of its full year revenue in the fourth quarter.
The team also made good progress on the long-term Cobalt-60 development programs. Nelson Labs achieved significant growth in its technical advisory services areas throughout the year. RCA, a business we acquired in 2021, continues to deliver strong revenue growth as RCA supports customers in their interactions with regular -- regulatory agencies such as the FDA. We also resolved a substantial amount of ethylene oxide litigation in 2023 with the Illinois settlement of 880 claimants, as well as the recent settlement of approximately 25% of the personal injury claims in Georgia.
We finished 2023 in a strong liquidity position with approximately $700 million in liquidity, which is an increase of over 200 million from the end of 2022. Jon will provide more detail on our financial results in a moment, but first, I want to highlight a few items from our fourth quarter and full year 2023 results. We reported total revenue growth of 23.3% and adjusted EBITDA growth of 28.7% compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. For the full year 2023, revenue grew by 4.5% and adjusted EBITDA grew by 4.3% compared to 2022.
2023 marks another year in which we continue our streak of annual revenue growth, which we've achieved every single year since 2005. With respect to the business units, Sterigenics delivered 6.5% top-line growth for both the quarter and the full year. As we've discussed previously, Sterigenics, our largest reporting segment, has delivered consistent growth throughout its history. Serving its customer base through a comprehensive global network of 48 facilities, this segment has delivered a compound annual growth rate of 10% on its top line and 11% on its bottom line since becoming a public company.
These growth rates speak to the durability of the business model as Sterigenics provide critical often government-mandated services, which represents a fraction of the overall product cost for our customers. Nordion, our other business within the sterilization services segment, delivered 134.2% revenue growth for the quarter. This performance was expected and was driven by the timing of Cobalt-60 harvest schedules. As we've consistently messaged, Nordion's revenue is tied to the harvest schedule of our Cobalt-60 suppliers, which results in irregular revenue patterns on a quarter-to-quarter basis.
The team has unique expertise in navigating the complex Cobalt-60 supply chain. And as I've stated earlier, the Nordion team did a fantastic job delivering 50% of its full year revenues in the fourth quarter. On a full year basis, Nordion revenues were up 4.4%. Revenue of Nelson Labs, our lab testing and advisory services business, grew 4.3% in the quarter versus the fourth quarter of 2022.
Full year 2023 revenue was down approximately 1% versus the prior year. Nelson Labs continues to face the same headwinds we referenced on our third quarter 2023 call, including the extension of compliance deadlines for European Union medical device regulations; the decline in funding for start-ups and smaller companies; and lastly, softened demand for routine lot release testing tied to slowed down sterilization volumes. Overall, 2023 was a good year for Sotera Health considering the uncertainty driven by macroeconomic pressures, customer inventory destocking, and geopolitical events. I also want to take a moment to highlight the progress we made in our corporate responsibility initiatives.
I am proud of our team's accomplishments since the IPO in 2020. As part of our IPO, the board established ESG oversight within our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. We also established an internal cross-functional committee which reports to me, and we appointed two seasoned senior executives as co-chairs to lead the identification and implementation of initiatives, consistent with our overall business strategy. During 2023, we built on the initiatives begun in 2021 and 2022.
Some of the highlights of our accomplishments include in the environmental area, we've been working with a third-party software solution to establish and then first time publish baseline environmental metrics. As previously mentioned, we continue our investment in industry-leading state-of-the-art emission controls on our yield facilities. We also published our first Environmental Management Statement in our 2023 Corporate Responsibility Report. With respect to human capital, culture, and communities, we published our formal human rights statement and disclosed initial human capital data.
We completed a global employee engagement survey with 83% participation rate. Our Sotera Health Women's Network held an interactive session for our leaders with our board director, Ann Klee. We are proud to announce that in 2023, women represented more than 40% of our global leadership promotions. On the governance side, we welcomed Karen Flynn to our board.
Karen brings board independence to 91% and she adds valuable commercial experience in the pharma services space, which is an important aspect of our long-term strategy. We also launched a formal enterprise risk management process, with results that led us to prioritize six initial areas. These six areas are highlighted in our 2023 Corporate Responsibility Report. And finally, our team completed outreach to institutions holding 60% of the company's public stock float in 2023, and we held meetings on ESG topics with institutions holding approximately 40% of the public float.
We greatly value these discussions and share the feedback regularly with our board directors, including this past week. We look forward to continuing to share our corporate responsibility accomplishments in the future. Earlier today, we provided our initial 2024 outlook. For the full year 2024, we expect to deliver another year of top- and bottom-line growth, with total revenues and adjusted EBITDA growth expected to be in the range of 4% to 6% when compared to 2023.
The variability within our full year revenue range will be largely driven by the timing and magnitude of the market recovery in both Sterigenics and Nelson Labs. Now, Jon will take us through the financials in more depth.
Jon Lyons -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Michael. I will first cover fourth quarter and full year 2023 results, including updates on capital deployment and leverage. I will then conclude with additional details on the 2024 outlook. On a consolidated total company basis, fourth quarter revenues grew by 23.3% or 21.9% on a constant currency basis to $310 million.
The fourth quarter volume growth was abnormally high with 50% of Nordion's full year revenues landing in the period, as Michael previously mentioned. Fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA grew by 28.7% to $167 million and adjusted EBITDA margins expanded by almost 225 basis points to 53.7%. Our reported interest expense for the quarter was $43 million. Reported net income for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $39 million or $0.14 per diluted share.
Adjusted EPS was $0.26 for the quarter, an increase of $0.01. Now, let's take a look at our segment performance for the fourth quarter. In the fourth quarter, Sterigenics delivered 6.5% revenue growth to $172 million. Revenue growth drivers for the quarter included favorable pricing of 5.8% and favorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates of 1.7%, partially offset by slightly unfavorable volume and mix of approximately 1%.
Segment income grew 6.4% to $95 million, driven by favorable pricing and changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by higher costs and unfavorable volume and mix. Nordion's fourth quarter revenue increased by approximately 134% to $80 million, driven by favorable volume and mix of over 100% and pricing of over 30% as Nordion generated 50% of its full year revenue in the quarter, as expected. Segment income increased by more than 160% to $53 million and segment income margins expanded by 720 basis points to 66.8%. Nelson Labs returned to growth in the fourth quarter as 2023 revenue improved 4.3% to $58 million compared to the same quarter last year.
Revenue growth was driven by favorable pricing of 3.6% and a foreign currency tailwind of 1.2%, partially offset by unfavorable volume and mix of 0.5%. Segment income decreased 7.8% to $19 million and segment income margin declined by 420 basis points to 32.1%, which was driven by unfavorable volume and mix, coupled with some inflationary pressure, partially offset by favorable pricing. For the full year, we delivered $1.05 billion in revenue, up 4.5% or 4.2% on a constant currency basis. We grew adjusted EBITDA 4.3% to $528 million, resulting in an adjusted EBITDA margin of over 50%.
Reported interest expense for the full year was approximately $143 million. Reported net income for 2023 was $51 million or $0.18 per diluted share. Adjusted EPS for the year was $0.81 per weighted average diluted share, a decrease of $0.15, primarily driven by higher interest expense and a higher tax rate. I will now turn to liquidity, net leverage, and capital deployment.
The company continues to be in a strong liquidity position. As of year-end, we had approximately $700 million of available liquidity, which included $296 million of unrestricted cash and $400 million of available capacity under our revolving line of credit. For 2023, after adjusting for the $408 million Illinois settlement, we generated $260 million of operating cash, which is in line with prior years and demonstrates the cash-generating strength of our business. Our net leverage ratio finished the year at 3.8 times, within our target range of two to four times.
As you may recall, our net leverage ratio increased to 4.2 times in the second quarter of 2023 after the financing of our $500 million term loan and subsequent $408 million Illinois settlement payment. Since Q2 of 2023, our net leverage ratio has improved nearly half a turn, which demonstrates our ability to delever through growth. Capex for the year finished at $215 million. As Michael mentioned, Sterigenics completed four capacity expansions during the year and made significant progress on the EO facility enhancements.
We currently have three growth projects in process, two of which are greenfields. Nordion's Cobalt-60 development programs are progressing well. As I mentioned during our Q3 call, these are once-in-a-generation long-term projects that won't yield incremental cobalt until later in the decade. For Nelson Labs, we continue to invest in expanding our pharma capabilities and our lab -- and in our lab information management system that we are deploying across the business segments.
Now, I would like to discuss our 2024 outlook. For the full year, we expect total revenues and adjusted EBITDA to grow in the range of 4% to 6% with adjusted EBITDA margins similar to 2023 levels. We expect another year of solid price performance with 2024 being at the lower end of our long-term stated range of 3.5% to 5% due to the moderation in inflation and timing of long-term contract renewals at Nordion. From a revenue cadence perspective, Q1, typically, is the lightest quarter of the year for the company, and we expect that to be the case again in 2024.
In Sterigenics, we are assuming relatively flat volumes in the first half, with slight recovery beginning in the second half of 2024. Versus 2023, Nordion revenues will be more balanced between the first half and second half, with the first quarter again being the lightest quarter of the year but stronger than 2023. For Nelson Labs, revenues for the first half of the year will be slightly lower than the back half, with the first quarter being historically the lightest quarter of the year. In the past couple of years, we have provided visibility to the revenue risk associated with Russian cobalt supply.
As of today, there is an approximate risk of between 0% and 3% of total company 2024 revenue. At this point, I would like to direct you to Slide 18 of the earnings presentation that is posted to our investor website under events and presentations, which outlines a change we are making to the calculation of adjusted net income. By way of background, during Q2 of 2023, we closed on a $500 million term loan to fund the $408 million Illinois EO settlement. Consistent with our treatment of EO litigation-related costs, we excluded the interest costs related to $408 million of this loan to calculate adjusted net income.
Beginning in 2024, we will no longer make this adjustment. We have presented the impact this change would have had on 2023, so you have the right basis for comparison going forward. As you will see on the slide, adjusted net income is reduced from $230.1 million to $202.3 million. The effective tax rate applicable to adjusted net income increased from 31.4% to 33.8%.
And adjusted EPS changes from $0.81 to $0.71 per weighted average diluted share. These are the appropriate basis for comparison for our tax rate and EPS guidance. For 2024, we expect interest expense between $170 million and $180 million. We are projecting an effective tax rate applicable to adjusted net income in the range of 31.5% to 34.5%.
Adjusted EPS is expected to be in the range of $0.67 to $0.75. We expect a fully diluted share count in the range of 283 million to 285 million shares on a weighted average basis. From a capital deployment standpoint, we will continue to prioritize organic growth and deleveraging, as well as opportunistic M&A. And we expect capital expenditures in a range of $205 million to $225 million in 2024.
As previously communicated, we expect 2024 to be an elevated level before we start to see a decline in capex spending in 2025 when we will start to see free cash flow generation accelerate. Finally, our guidance does not assume any M&A and we anticipate net leverage to improve in 2024. I will now turn the call back over to Michael for closing remarks.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Jon. As we look forward to 2024, we will continue to focus on our priorities. A few of these priorities include expanding our global network through disciplined investment in Cobalt-60 development and additional capacity, we will continue to invest in upgrades to our U.S. EO emission control systems, we will further enhance our one-company capabilities through cross-functional business unit initiatives, all while delivering top- and bottom-line growth, with strong cash flow generation.
I want to reemphasize the strength and durability of our business model. In 2024, we expect another good year performance in spite of uncertain demand recovery. The fundamentals of the criticality of our services remain intact with our customers. We have long-term relationships with the top medical device and pharma companies in the world that are supported by multiyear contracts.
We will continue to execute for our customers. And when market volumes improve, Sotera Health will benefit from that recovery. Our focus day in and day out is on our mission of Safeguarding Global Health. This company plays a critical role in healthcare, and we are in a strong position for growth once again in 2024.
At this point, operator, let's open up the call for Q&A.
Questions & Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] And the first question will come from Sean Dodge with RBC Capital. Please go ahead.
Sean Dodge -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yeah. Thanks. Good morning. I just want to start on Sterigenics.
Michael, you said the guidance assumes volume recovery in the second half of the year. Can you give us a sense of the proportions of Sterigenics revenue you're expecting first half, then second half? I guess, historically, the second half have always been bigger in terms of revenue. Is 2024 going to be a lot more pronounced? And then maybe if you could just talk about the visibility you have into that. Is it just expecting a market recovery? Is there something else you're seeing now that indicates that?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Good morning, Sean. Yes, it'll be similar to what we've seen in the past where the second half is, you know, typically a little bit better than the first half. I don't think it's going to be dramatic.
But as we said, relatively flat volumes in the first half for Sterigenics and improving in the second half. You know, it's really trying to predict, as I say in my comments, around the recovery of the market volumes. We still see some destocking occurring in the channels. But we can tell you, overall, we're not seeing it get worse.
It's very stable, both on the Sterigenics side, as well as the Nelson side. It's not getting worse. We just -- the question is when the recovery will start to come back, and we just want to give you visibility of how we are thinking about it as the year plays out.
Sean Dodge -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
OK. Great. And then on Nelson, maybe just any updates on the margin outlook there. Aside from just more volumes coming through, are there some cost actions you can take, levers you can start to pull to drive some improvement in margins in the Nelson business?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, as we've mentioned in the past, Sean, we got our position early in '23 where we were probably over-resourced based on the volumes, and we did that with an eye toward better service and making sure that if volumes came back, we had the people in place to really take care of that business. I would tell you that we'll see improvements as the year progresses. We -- you know, we're going to -- we get turnover in that business, we'll work that down. We're not going to be backfilling as many jobs until we see the volumes recover.
But, you know, our goal here is to get to the mid-30s. As we've mentioned, it will take us some time to get there, but that's ultimately where our aspirations are over time.
Sean Dodge -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
OK.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
You know, it's a fine line there, Sean. We want to make sure we're there to service the customers. That's the biggest thing when that volume comes. OK.
Thank you.
Operator
The next question will come from Dave Windley with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Dave Windley -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Michael, I want to start on a little bit more strategic question.
On these long-term cobalt supply initiatives that you are working on, when and if those are successful, I know there's some, you know, development work around new reactors and things like that, what's the impact of that, I guess? You know, you have a kind of a fairly stable and predictable growth rate. You know, a certain amount of medtech uses, you know, [Inaudible] for sterilization. Would you expect that to lower your input costs? Would you compete on price for more market share? Does it allow you to supply or to serve volume that you're not serving today? I guess, I'm wondering, you know, we really haven't discussed this, I don't think, at much length because it's far away. But what's the lever for you when you get more Cobalt-60 supply?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, David, thanks for the question. So, just for some folks who aren't as familiar, you know, our cobalt development programs are really focused around working with OPG, Ontario Power Group, which is one of our longest-term suppliers, getting more capacity there, as well as the program we're working with Westinghouse. Our goal with these programs is to be able to keep up with the market growth over time. So, there'll be a portion of it that replaces existing reactors that will go out of service, you know, for maintenance work, if you will, or just being retired.
But then, more importantly, it's also to bring out some additional capacity for longer-term flexibility in our global supply chain. So, we think ultimately, David, it's needed to keep up with the market growth over the long run.
Dave Windley -- Jefferies -- Analyst
OK. And then maybe on Sterigenics and following up on Sean's question, the volume and the destocking that you're seeing, do you have -- it sounds like -- you emphasized it's not getting any worse. That's good news. Do you have visibility into your customers, you know, how much more destocking they need to do? Any quantification of that to give you comfort that, you know, the volume, kind of the correlation of your order patterns to underlying medtech order patterns might start to, you know, tighten up a little bit in the second half?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. David, you know, it's pretty complicated, the supply chain, with your customers who have inventory, their distribution channels, as well as the health systems. Now, we are not seeing it get worse, as I stated. One example would be, you know, I meant late in the year -- actually, I'm sorry, it was the beginning of this year with one, you know, major medtech customer CEO, and he said, listen, I took out $500 million of inventory in the back half of the year to focus on working capital, right? So, we saw that, and we are seeing it across multiple customers.
I think maybe if you follow the medtech space, you'll see that as well. And bioprocessing space as well, where people are taking it out and trying to get back to pre-COVID levels or slightly below. As I mentioned, we're not seeing it get worse. We're not able to draw a great correlation in our square, David, because of some of the pockets in between us, if you will.
But we are seeing that stabilize. We're not seeing it get worse. We're starting to see a little bit of recovery. But again, we feel pretty confident where we are and calling the visibility for the year on Sterigenics.
It's really tied to volumes. We feel very good about our ability. If the volumes come, we're going to be in a position to service that, which will help us get more margin improvement over time as well.
Dave Windley -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Great. Appreciate the answers. Thank you.
Operator
The next question will come from Luke Sergott with Barclays. Please go ahead.
Luke Sergott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Great. Thanks, guys. I want to follow up on that with the destocking, I mean, after we're dealing with it with the bioprocessing side and seeing it on the devices. So, is there any way that you guys could estimate like as to how much has been stocked? Or, you know, from a normal cadence, you know, is this like over a full year that's been stocked up and they're working down, you know, six months, something like that so, we can get -- I understand you're not going to call there on the timing, but just from a magnitude like have -- and going back in history, have you ever seen anything like this where, you know, we can kind of use that as a framework?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Luke, unfortunately, we can't. Like I think all of you, we're struggling with this. As you look at these big medtech companies and pharma companies, right, their global nature to get multiple product lines if it's pharma or med device. We look at -- we have conversations with them.
We look at their public filings around their inventory levels, their days sales on hand. And, you know, we try to do the best job we can. And we've talked to a lot of our investors. They're having the same struggles looking through that with our customer base.
But I would just tell you, we don't see it getting worse. So, that would be the part that I want you to leave with is we continue to work through this overall throughout the channels.
Luke Sergott -- Barclays -- Analyst
All right. Great. And then just on the margin guidance, flat margin year over year. You know, as the volumes come back in the back half and your growth there accelerates throughout the year, you know, obviously, the pacing there should pick up in the margins.
But I'm just wondering why we're not getting back to more normalized levels there. Is there any -- you know, from an investment standpoint, if you guys can bucket out like the puts and takes there from the margin dynamics throughout the year.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So, you know, I would look at it, when you look at '22 and '23, the margins are pretty consistent at 50 -- just slightly over 50%. That's kind of where our guides lead you in 2024. We -- we're focused on really driving margin dollar growth, not necessarily rate expansion.
But over time, if we get more operating leverage, as I mentioned minutes ago, I think that'll help us with margin improvement. But right now, our guide is expecting flat margins at 50-plus percent.
Luke Sergott -- Barclays -- Analyst
OK. Thanks.
Operator
The next question will come from Brett Fishbin with KeyBanc. Please go ahead.
Brett Fishbin -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Thanks so much for taking the questions. I just wanted to start off on one more follow-up around the revenue growth guidance. I'm just hoping if you could walk through some of the moving pieces, particularly around Nelson Labs and Nordion, and thoughts for the year.
I think you gave some commentary on the phasing, but maybe if you could just give a little bit more on full year expectation and how to think about whether this step up in Nelson Labs performance in 4Q could proceed into 2024?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Brett. You know, I think it's all predicated on the volume recovery. As I stated in my remarks, that's the pluses and minuses around the guide that we've given. We expect, you know, Nelson will continue to improve over time.
We've had good growth in our RCA business that's been able to help us offset some of the volume on the [Inaudible] side. As I've also mentioned, some of the MDR compliance timing that's played out. On the Nordion, Nordion will be, you know, a consistent performer for us. It will be the lightest quarter but -- in the first quarter, but it will be over what you saw last year because, as you know, last year was a really slow quarter.
But overall, we're going to result in, you know, a growth rate that's slightly better than what you saw last year out of the Nordion business.
Brett Fishbin -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
All right. Thanks for the color. And then just one follow-up I had. Maybe if you could just give a little bit more on how we should be thinking about the free cash flow setup for 2024.
I think, you know, obviously, you had a pretty big adjustment or moving piece in 2023 around the settlement. But maybe outside of that, is there anything, you know, changing significantly that we should be thinking about for 2024 outside of the ongoing capex projects that you have going? Thank you.
Jon Lyons -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Brett. Thanks for the question. It's Jon Lyons. You know, we do see a favorable position on free cash flow for the year.
I think when you pull out the settlement, we're somewhere around $40 million or $50 million in 2023. You know, a couple of moving pieces inside that as I look going into 2024. Number one, we do have the Georgia settlement that paid out in January. So, that's a moving piece.
And then interest is going to be slightly elevated for the year compared to last, and taxes will be slightly elevated. On the flip side, we'll have some EBITDA growth that'll generate some cash and we have less of a headwind on working capital going into the year. We're very focused on generating free cash flow, and, you know, we'll keep driving it. And as we -- you know, as I said before in Q3, we see capex coming down over the next couple of years, and our free cash flow performance will really accelerate as we move into '25 and '26.
Brett Fishbin -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
All right. Thanks for taking the questions. Appreciate it.
Jon Lyons -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Brett.
Operator
The next question will come from Casey Woodring with J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.
Casey Woodring -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst
Hi. Thank you for taking my questions. Just to follow up, on the capex guide, the 205 million to 225 million this year, is that the floor, or could the finalized NESHAP ruling drive that high potentially? And then maybe if you can just break down for us how much of that number is on EO facility enhancements versus the capacity expansion projects and the cobalt development programs underway? And then, you know, you just mentioned now that the elevated capex this year will take a step down in 2025. Can you just give us a sense of how many of these costs this year are nonrepeating?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
So, Casey, I guess you got the one question out with 15 compounds, I'll try to answer those as best we can. We're expecting to guide to be 205 to 225 on capex. We've got about $40 million in there for GFP. The cobalt development is a significant, you know, investment this year.
As we've stated, you know, this last year and this year are the biggest years around that. As far as NESHAP, we expect to hear something on NESHAP sometime in the month of March. It could be early in March. We're waiting for the final guide from the government.
There could be incremental costs on it, depending on exactly where that comes from. But based on what we know today, we feel pretty confident of our position and our ability to meet the requirements. Again, we took a very industry-leading approach on this on how we're trying to resolve the emission challenges that are expected by the EPA. But overall, we feel pretty good about the cap guide that we're giving for 2024.
I think I got all your questions.
Casey Woodring -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst
Got it.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
There were several in there. I'm sorry if I missed one.
Casey Woodring -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst
Yeah, no, that was helpful. Just as a follow-up to -- so you completed four Sterigenics capacity expansion projects in '23. You have three left to finish. I think you mentioned at our conference last month that you have one of those coming online this quarter.
Just curious if you can quantify the increase in overall Sterigenics capacity by the end of these expansion projects. And then if you could walk through what your capacity utilization expectations are for 2024 and if the softer volume environment is weighing on margins at all and would then create an easier comp once demand normalizes. Thank you.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
OK. So, yes, we have one of the three capacity projects in process that's coming live in the first quarter. We don't get into particulars on how much incremental capacity that will generate for the market. But overall, again, we try to get commitments for our customers for approximately 40% of those expansions before we do that.
That doesn't mean it happens on everyone, but that's what our guide is. And I would tell you that as we look at, you know, those programs, one of them will come this year, and then we'll have one late in '24 and into 2025 for the other ones. I think I got all of them. Capacity utilization I think was your other question.
We target about 80%.
Casey Woodring -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst
OK. Got it. Thank you.
Operator
The next question will come from Patrick Donnelly with Citi. Please go ahead.
Patrick Donnelly -- Citi -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Michael, maybe one just on the pricing side. It sounds like this year is going to be a little more at the low end of kind of that long-term 3.5% to 5% algorithm.
Is that just -- I know you touched on some of the timing stuff. Is that all -- you know, I just want to kind of talk through what you're hearing from customers on the core business. Sounds like the Nordion piece is maybe dragging that down a little bit. But what are you hearing on pricing? And again, what's the right way to just think about that going forward beyond this year as well?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Patrick, thanks for the question. Yeah, we feel confident at 3.5% to 5%. We just wanted to signal to you that this year could be on the lower end of that range, driven by the point that you just referenced, the longer term. It's just that the nature of what it's been the longer-term contracts for Nordion rolled off.
We had a very strong Nordion price performance in 2023, which will just soften a little bit in '24. We are not concerned about our long-range ability to generate price based on the value proposition we offer our customers.
Patrick Donnelly -- Citi -- Analyst
OK. That's helpful. And it sounds like, you know, over the past couple of quarters, maybe, you had some good dialogue with investors. Obviously, there's a pretty concentrated holding at the top there.
I mean, any intel or insight into kind of what the initial holders are kind of thinking about in terms of, you know, potentially -- you know, things like secondaries, things like that in terms of just the concentration of the holdings up top given that you seem like you chatted with them a good amount.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, well, they're on our board, so I do chat with them quite a bit. You know, at the end of the day, they are shareholders. They've got to make decisions on when they'll sell the stock. They're not going to be reckless about it.
They're very thoughtful in that. It's been a great investment for them. They're very supportive of the company. And over time, they'll eventually sell their position.
As we all know, they're private equity firms and that's what they do. But overall, they're being very thoughtful on how they ramp that down. They want to make sure they're not doing it in a reckless manner.
Patrick Donnelly -- Citi -- Analyst
Understood. Thanks, Michael.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Patrick.
Operator
The next question will come from Michael Polark with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Mike Polark -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Thank you. Good morning. Nordion, 1Q, look, I hear the thematic comment, but the range we could paint, you could drive a bus through. So, like, what's the right number for Nordion revenue in the first quarter? Should we look at '22 and '21 25 million, 30 million, something like that or not quite that high?
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So, we're -- you know, Michael, we're not going to get into particulars on individual businesses by quarter. It'll be up from last year. It won't be as high as 2022.
That's the way I would think about it. It's just, you know, last year was a really abnormally low because we came in in position -- as you'll recall, last year, we hardly had any inventory at all coming into the year.
Mike Polark -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
The follow-up, below-the-line interest expense and tax. The question on tax is why is the tax rate so high and is there a path to get it lower? And then on interest expense, I'm just trying to do the bridge '23 to '24. Jon, I hear the comments clear on Illinois. It was excluded last year.
It's included this year. If I do that, 116 million of interest expense last year. Illinois is probably 35. So, now I'm 150, and you're guiding 170 to 180.
What else is going on there? Is that just cycling in kind of higher rates generally on the overall balance or are you modeling an incremental draw at some point in the year? I just want to fully understand the bridge from '23 to '24 on interest expense.
Jon Lyons -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Thanks for the question, and I just want to make sure that folks understand and clarify. You know, as we look at this, we reported today $0.81 of EPS on an adjusted basis for 2023. When we make these adjustments, right, the new baseline to -- for comparison is $0.71.
And yeah, the tax adjustment there sticks out a little bit leading to a higher tax rate. The trick we have here on our tax rate and why it's elevated is our excess interest expense that we can't deduct for U.S. tax purposes, that -- because of our outlook not being able to deduct that in the future and get the benefit, we have to take a valuation allowance against that, which leads us to a higher tax rate. You know, continuing to grow is a path to reducing the tax rate over time and lowering things like interest expense that drive up U.S.
tax -- taxable -- or U.S. taxable income, and our ability to use the interest deductions will help improve it.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
So, Mike, the other thing I would just add, there's no incremental new debt contemplated in the guide and the number that we finished last year at 143, compared to the guide of 170 and 180, that's just the timing run out of the loan that we put in last year and that rolling out is for full year and also the higher interest rate environment. That's all.
Mike Polark -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
OK. Great. Any other questions, operator? Is that it, Chuck?
Operator
That is it. I would like to pass a call back over to Mr. Petras for any closing remarks.
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you, everybody, for getting together this morning. As you can see, we're really proud of what we accomplished in 2023. We're excited and optimistic about 2024.
We have a great business here. It plays a critical role in healthcare. We have sticky customer relationships. We continue to bring real value to our customers day in and day out.
But really, we're providing a safe environment for our employees, to patients, and the communities where we operate. So, we're really proud of what the team is doing, and we look forward to more conversations with you all in 2024. Thank you and have a great day. Bye-bye.
Operator
[Operator signoff]
Duration: 0 minutes
Call participants:
Jason Peterson -- Vice President and Treasurer
Michael Petras -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jon Lyons -- Chief Financial Officer
Sean Dodge -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Dave Windley -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Luke Sergott -- Barclays -- Analyst
Brett Fishbin -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Casey Woodring -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst
Patrick Donnelly -- Citi -- Analyst
Mike Polark -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
