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Nexstar Broadcasting Group Inc (NXST -1.91%)
Q4Â 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Feb. 26, 2019, 10:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
See all our earnings call transcripts.
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day and welcome to Nexstar Media Group's 2018 Fourth Quarter Conference Call. Today's Conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Joe Jaffoni, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Joseph N. Jaffoni -- Investor Relations
Good morning and thank you for joining Nexstar's 2018 fourth quarter conference call. Statement and comments made by management during today's call may include forward-looking statements, Nexstar's based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations and projections about future events.
These forward-looking statements include information preceded by, followed by, or that include the words guidance, believes, expects, anticipates, could or similar expressions. For these statements Nexstar claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
The forward-looking statements today contained in today's call concerning among other things, the ultimate outcome and benefits of the announced transaction between Nexstar and Tribune Media and timing thereof and future financial performance, including changes in net revenue, cash flow and operating expenses and involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various important factors, including the timing of, and any potential delay in consummating the proposed transaction.
The risk that are condition to closing of the pros transaction may not be satisfied and the transaction may not close, the risk that regulatory approval that may be required for the proposed transaction is delayed, it's not obtained or it's obtained subject to conditions that are not anticipated. The impact of changes in national and regional economies, Nexstar's ability to service and refinance our outstanding debt, successful integration of Tribune Media including achievement of synergies and cost reductions, the pricing fluctuations in local and national advertising, future regulatory actions and conditions in the television stations operating areas, competition from others in the broadcast television market served by Nexstar, volatility and programing cost, the effects of government regulation of broadcasting industry consolidation, technological developments and major world news events.
Unless required by law, Nexstar undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in today's communication may not occur. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of this date of this release. For more information, more details on factors that could affect these expectations, please see Nexstar's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Thank you for your patience. With that, and it's now my pleasure to turn the conference over to your host. Nexstar, Chairman, President and CEO Perry Sook. Perry?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Joe. Good morning everyone, and thank you for joining Tom Carter, our Chief Financial Officer and me today to review Nexstar's record financial performance and our outlook for 2018-2019. With our record fourth quarter and full year 2018 financial results, the December announcement of the Tribune Media transaction and our immediate work on the regulatory approval process and the development of our post closing plans, it's been an active and productive time here at Nexstar.
We believe what we've accomplished since the closing of the Media General transaction, is an important guide for what we will achieve as we move toward the closing of the Tribune transaction expected later this year. Nexstar had an outstanding 2018, our strong fourth quarter and full-year operating results mark our seventh consecutive year of record financial performance with all of our key metrics from net revenue to free cash flow growing at double-digit rates and coming in at the highest levels in the Company's history for both the three and the 12-month periods.
The 22.1% rise in fourth quarter net revenue and nearly 100% increase in operating income highlight the ongoing value of our strategies focused on leveraging our local content and community involvement, that generate record shares of political spending in our markets, as well as continued distribution and digital revenue growth. Our ability to capture historic levels of mid-term election spending in our markets combined with the strong operating leverage in our business model drove our record fourth quarter -- a record fourth quarter BCF adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow.
For the full year, our enterprisewide focus on managing operations for current and future cash flow enabled us to generate free cash flow of $692.7 million or about $15.20 per share, representing approximately 30% -- 31% growth over 2017 levels. By comparison, if you look back at the 2016 presidential election year and prior to the completion of the Media General transaction, Nexstar generated approximately $7.97 in free cash flow per share, so in just two years, we've grown that important metric by approximately 91%.
In 2018, we brought about $0.25 of every net revenue dollar to the free cash flow line, allowing us to invest in our people, our local media platform and our complementary accretive acquisitions, while at the same time reducing net debt by approximately $400 million and returning over $120 million to shareholders, in the form of share repurchases and dividends.
I'll do a quick review of the quarterly highlights and then review some of the transaction initiatives under way, after which, Tom will go through the financials, including an update on our cap structure, 2019 expectations and other items of interest to those of you on the call.
Again, Nexstar's record fourth quarter financial results highlight our ability to maximize the political revenue opportunity in our markets as we continue to build new to television ad revenue and grow retransmission consent revenue, also combined with the ongoing benefits of our management and operating disciplines. 22.1% rise in fourth quarter net revenue resulted in BCF growth at 57%, adjusted EBITDA growth of 57.3% and free cash flow growth of 62.1%.
In total, Nexstar's fourth quarter core local and national television ad revenue were down little over 1% at $4.7 million down, that's all related to our heavy allocation of inventory to political as we booked over $140 million in political in Q4, were $127 million more than 2017. As expected, local, national ad revenue strengthened as we move through Q4 and they remain up on a year-over-year basis in the 2019 period-to-date.
November and December were the strongest months of 2018 for core advertising revenue, when excluding February, which benefited from the Super Bowl and Olympic-related spending in Q4 of '18, we generated increased ad revenue in three of our top five categories and five of our top ten overall. Core revenue continues to reflect healthy levels of new business with Q4 new to television ad revenue of $16.3 million, which is a 15.6% rise over the prior year. Reflecting our expanded platform and presence in states with contested elections, we generated solid results in the political ad category in markets like Las Vegas, Tampa, Portland and Grand Rapids, to name a few, with a diversified mix from the house, the gubernatorial and senate candidates, as well as healthy contributions from PAC and issue spending.
Nexstar's fourth quarter television ad revenue growth was complemented by the combined fourth quarter retransmission and digital media revenue growth up 10.5% to a combined total of $349.6 million in the fourth quarter and we grew 13.1% to $1.4 billion for the full year, marking the first time in the Company's history that this combined distribution and digital metric has exceeded total television advertising revenue on an annual basis.
Overall, the year-over-year increase in fourth quarter and full year non-television advertising revenue reflects renewals of distribution agreements with MVPDs and initial contributions from distribution agreements with OTT providers and the early '18 accretive acquisition of LKQD, as well as organic growth across our profitable digital operations.
Reflecting the ongoing benefits of our revenue diversification strategies and considering the magnitude of the Q4 '18 political revenue, total fourth quarter retransmission fee and digital media revenue represented 43.8% of our fourth quarter net revenue, compared to 40.7% of total net revenue in 2016. The last even year political quarter. At $284.5 million in the quarter retransmission fee revenue reached the highest ever level for quarter in the Company's history, and we expect our long-term distribution revenue growth to continue at a double-digit pace.
We continue to see consistency in pay television subscriber levels in our markets with now meaningful growth in OTT subs for which we are beginning to be compensated. With the renewal of retransmission consent agreements, representing approximately 10% of our subscriber base in 2018 and approximately 70% in 2019, continued revenue growth from this source remains highly visible for 2019 and beyond. And given the after acquired clauses in our retransmission consent agreements, once we complete the transaction, the Tribune stations are immediate party to our distribution agreements and our rates.
On Tribune with our long-term strategic focus on completing accretive transactions to enhance our overall competitive position, we were delighted to announce in December, our definitive agreement to acquire Tribune were $6.4 billion in an accretive all-cash transaction. Upon closing, Nexstar will be the largest local television group in the United States, and one of the nation's leading providers of local news, entertainment, sports, lifestyle and network programming across all devices. Importantly, we've approached this transaction, just as we did when we acquired Media General. Namely, we've identified and plan to divest of certain television stations necessary to obtain FCC and other regulatory approvals, which we believe will allow us to close the transaction sometime in the third quarter of 2019.
This transaction highlights Nexstar's role as the industry's leading consolidator and represents the culmination of over a year-and-a-half of work. The proposed transaction is a strategically and financially compelling growth opportunity that further expands our geographic diversity and our audience reach.
With 216 combined post divestiture television stations and 118 markets, and rapidly growing digital media operations, Nexstar will offer superior and great engagement across all devices and influence on consumers' purchasing decisions that will be unrivaled by other media, including now large scale digital companies. Pro-forma for the completion of the transaction, we will serve 15 of the nation's top 25 markets and 34 of the top 50 markets and by adding Tribune, we will increase our audience reach by approximately 50% from 26% to 39% of U.S. television households, reflecting the FCC's UHF discount and that audience reach is pro forma for the anticipated divestitures. Pro-forma for the completion of the transaction, Nexstar will generate approximately $900 million in average annual free cash flow pro forma for the 2018-2019 cycle.
That anticipated 46% free cash flow accretion afforded by the transaction relative to our last guide of $615 million for the average annual free cash flow in 2018-2019, clearly surpasses our stated criteria of evaluating strategic growth opportunities against the opportunity to repurchase our own shares. Upon closing, we intend to allocate our free cash flow to rapid leverage reduction as well as the increased return of capital to shareholders and allow us to make additional investments in our business to improve our service to viewers and advertisers.
Notably, we expect our net leverage ratio to approximately 5.3 times at the closing of the transaction and to decline to approximately 4 times by the end of 2020. In fact in the slightly more than two years, since we closed Media General. We have, as expected, reduced our opening leverage from 5.5 times at the closing of the transaction to 3.69 times at 2018 year-end.
So our vigilance with respect to managing leverage is obviously well documented. As with our past acquisitions, we developed a comprehensive regulatory compliance plan for required station divestitures and a detailed integration plan that will result in significant synergy realization. Nexstar has committed financing for the transaction and has made all required FCC and other regulatory applications and as you've likely read in the press, Nexstar and Tribune are actively engaged in the process of reviewing our planned divestiture stations with respective purchasers.
We've also embarked on a battery of station due diligence visits with more to come even this week and based on these meetings, our corporate management team and our executive team are refining our strategic plans for each station and business unit to ensure they operate with Nexstar's proven disciplines and adopt and implement best practices enterprise wide post closing.
The common core principles underlying the Tribune transaction and the Media General deals completed in -- the Media General deal, which we completed in January '17 is that they both represent further steps along our path of growing our local marketing and content platform and free cash flow through accretive acquisitions. Our growth has been rapid, yet measured in each of our transactions and while we've met or exceeded our synergy targets we've also improved operations and margins significantly and we've reduced the purchase multiple to what we acquired going in.
Importantly, with our track record of significant post transaction synergy realization and the organic growth in front of us including significant upcoming distribution renewals, as well as the 2020 presidential election and the continued growth of our digital platform, Nexstar will be posed for rapid leverage reduction and increased capital returns for shareholders, and will be one of the nation's preeminent local and national brand builders.
Nexstar will offer brands and advertisers a deep and truly diversified local marketing and content platform allowing us compete even more aggressively in the dynamic and rapidly converging advertising markets. And as an industry leader with a portfolio of premier stations and digital assets, a strong balance sheet and attractive weighted average cost of capital and significant free cash flow and free cash flow growth, we are also extremely well positioned to continue to build value for our shareholders.
In January, we announced a 20% increase in the amount of our quarterly cash dividend marking our sixth annual consecutive rise in our cash dividend. With the annual dividend rate now at $1.80 per share, approximately 45.6 million Nexstar Media Group shareholders and our $900 million of pro forma average free annual cash flow in 2018-2019, we'll be in a sweet spot for deleveraging, as well as other shareholder-friendly initiatives as I said.
With that, let me turn the call over to Tom Carter, who I'd like to acknowledge for his insights, his vision and his tireless efforts as we move toward the execution of our definitive agreements with Tribune, as well as the financing package. Tom?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Perry and good morning everybody. I'll start with a review of Nexstar's Q4 income statement and balance sheet data, after which I'll provide an update on our capital structure and some points of guidance. To start, as noted previously, effective 11 of 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue accounting guidance issued by FASB. As a result, beginning on 11 of '18, the Company presents local, national digital and political revenues net of their related agency commissions. This morning's release also provided the 2017 Q4 and year-to-date, local, national and political revenue comps adjusted to net out the sales commissions. In addition, we no longer recognize barter revenue and barter expense related to the exchange of advertising time for certain program materials.
These changes don't impact the Company's past or future income from operations, net income, BCF, adjusted EBITDA or free cash flow. Also effective at the beginning of 2018, the Company adopted an accounting standards update, which requires pension and other post retirement plans cost or credit other than service cost to be presented outside of income from operations. Thus the income from operations during the 3 and 12 months ended 12/31/2018 was decreased by a pension I'm sorry, 12/31/2017 was decreased by a pension and other post retirement credit of $4.2 million and $13.1 million respectively. And I'm pleased to say that's the last time I'll have to remind everyone of those accounting changes.
Now turning to the Q4 income statement. Net revenues were $798 million, which was a 22% increase over the same fourth quarter -- over the same period the previous year, fourth quarter of 2017. Total television ad revenue, local, national, political was up almost 39% to $438 million with local revenue down 1.5% to $216 million and national revenue at $81.9 million, which was down 1.8%. Political revenue, as Perry mentioned, was a record high of $140.2 million for the fourth quarter, which is up over 1000% of the same period in 2017, and digital revenues were up approximately 3%.
Profitability metrics across the Board were records with broadcast cash flow of approximately $380 million, adjusted EBITDA before one-time expenses of $358 million and free cash flow before one-time expenses of approximately $255 million.
On a same-station basis, our results were very comparable to the 2017 -- 2018 reported results with net revenue up approximately 22% total television ad revenue on a same-station basis, up 38% local revenue on a same-station basis was down 2% as was national revenue and digital revenues were up 3%. Retransmission fee revenues on a same-station basis we're very much comparable to the actual reported results and were up 12%.
As Perry mentioned, we recorded net political revenue of $140 million in the quarter, which exceeded our net political guidance for the full year and to further emphasize the strength of the election spending in our markets during 2018 mid-terms, full year same station political ad revenue came in 50% higher than the comparable 2014 period and 38% higher than the 2016 presidential election cycle.
Fourth quarter non-television advertising revenue increased 10.5% including 12.3% in retransmission fee revenues and 3.3% in -- rise in digital revenues. While full-year digital revenues were up 15.2%, fourth quarter was impacted by timing issues related to the implementation of required updates of our technology platform to comply with GDPR and authorized dealer sellers -- digital seller specifications, as well as rebranding and consolidation of certain digital businesses to focus on profitability.
During the fourth quarters of 2018 and 2017, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $19.9 million and $20 million respectively relating to goodwill and intangible assets of our digital businesses, including the last of the goodwill writedowns from legacy Media General assets. Fourth quarter station direct operating expense,s net of trade expense, rose 5.5%, primarily reflecting the growth in broadcast ad sales, as well as budget increase in network affiliation expense and expenses from LKQD. Same station fixed expenses including programming expenses were down 1.3% year-over-year. The 7.9% rise in fourth quarter G&A expense primarily reflects higher variable costs relating to the higher political revenues and our previously disclosed reclassification of certain digital administrative expenses to corporate expense.
Nexstar's fourth quarter -- corporate expense was in line with our expectations at $29.5 million inclusive of $8.5 million in stock-based compensation and $5.5 million of one-time transaction cost relating to the Tribune merger. This was largely in line with our guidance for the fourth quarter recurring cash overhead exclusive of stock comp of approximately $18 million to $19 million.
Overall, our significant fourth quarter revenue growth combined with ongoing expense management resulted in substantial increases in fourth quarter BCF and adjusted EBITDA margins, which rose to 47.6% and 44.2% respectively. Looking ahead to the 2019 first quarter, we project recurring corporate overhead, while approximately $20 million inclusive of stock -- exclusive of stock comp and Tribune related transaction expenses. Non-cash compensation is projected to be approximately $7 million for the quarter and $37 million for the year, reflecting anticipated issuance of new equity incentive awards later this year.
Cash transaction expenses primarily severance and success oriented fees cannot be capitalized -- that cannot be capitalized or expected to be approximately $5 million to $7 million during the first quarter.
Turning to balance sheet, I'll review a couple of key items at 12/31/2018. Total net leverage at that date was 3.69 times, which compares to 4.23 at the end of Q3 and 5.07 at the end of fourth quarter -- Q4 of '17. Covenant first lien leverage was 2.11 versus a covenant of 4.25, which compares to 2.59 at the end of Q3 '18 and 3.20 at the end of Q4 '17.
Our outstanding debt associated with the balance sheet amounted first lien debt of $2.4 billion, comprised of the term loans, with a decrease from September 30th, reflecting an additional $167 million in payments on the term loans in Q4 with cash from operations.
Our three outstanding bond issues, the 6.125%, the 5.875% and 5.625%, remain outstanding in approximately $1.5 billion in total outstandings. Net debt at December 31, 2018, amounted to approximately $3.84 billion compared to $4.25 billion a year ago and $4.7 billion in January of '17, when we close the MEG transaction, thus we quickly reduced debt by approximately $850 million since the closing the Media General transaction through eight quarters of operation even as we've allocated capital to serve other shareholder enhancement initiatives.
As you'll see in the 10-K, which is expected to be filed this evening, subsequent to quarter end, we made additional principal payments of approximately $10 million and through the 13-month period ended January 31, 2019, $412 million in total debt repayments. We anticipate making additional principal payments on the senior facility over the next several months.
In line with Nexstar's focuses on actively managing our capital structure and cost of capital, we closed on the $2.7 billion repricing our outstanding senior secured term loan facilities early in 4Q. The new terms represent a 25-basis point interest rate reduction compared to the Company's prior senior secured term loans and revolving credit facilities, resulting in approximately a $7 million reduction in the Company's annual interest expense, increasing net income and free cash flow by approximately $5 million on an annualized basis.
As it relates to our funding of the pending acquisition of Tribune Media, we intend to be opportunistic in tapping the markets and have a $6.4 billion committed financing facility, initially provided by Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank, to fund the transactions cash consideration. Similar to our previous transaction, our intention is to have pro forma capital structure reflect a proper balance of fixed and floating debt and attractive weighted average cost of capital with prepayment and refinancing flexibility.
At closing, which is anticipated in 3Q of 2019, we expect our net leverage to be approximately 5.3 times on an L8QA adjusted EBITDA basis after giving effect to the transaction, the incurrence of that transaction expenses anticipated first year synergies of $160 million and net of the divestiture proceeds.
With the free cash flow generated from base operations, we expect Nexstar's net leverage to decline to the 4 times range by the end of 2020. We've remain committed to applying our growing free cash flow to drive shareholder returns and our record 2018 results including full year cash flow of $693 million, enabled us to remain opportunistically active in taking action to enhance shareholder value through the year with our total return of capital in leverage reduction activities amounting to approximately $521 million, including net debt reduction of $400 million, dividend payments of approximately $70 million and share repurchases of approximately $50 million. In addition, we funded the $120 million accretive acquisitions in the digital and television space during the year.
Fourth quarter total interest expense approximated $53.9 million compared to $52.7 million in the prior year's period, while cash interest expense was $51.8 million compared to $50 million in the prior year. We expect cash interest expense to approximately $50 million in Q1 of 2019. In Q4, we had operating cash taxes of approximately $32.7 million compared to $7 million of cash taxes in Q4 of '17. Full-year operating cash taxes were approximately $90 million, including a net payment of $1.1 million relating to tax liabilities in an assumed acquisition and payment slightly below our full year guidance of approximately $100 million. We expect operating cash taxes to amount to between $110 million and $115 million for the year and $20 million for Q1 of 2019.
Nexstar's CapEx for the quarter totaled $42 million of which $28.6 million was related to the station infrastructure investments, our platform programming digital operations with the remaining $13.3 million for station spectrum repack and relinquishment of spectrum costs, which are fully reimbursable.
Through 12/31/2018, we have spent $29.7 million included in CapEx, of which $29 million has been been reimbursed as it relates to the income statement, both relating to the spectrum repack. We expect CapEx in Q1 of 2019 to approximately $20 million with an additional amount for repack CapEx.
Our Q4 cash flow was approximately $250 million inclusive of the impact of $5.5 million of one-time transaction expenses and this compares with consensus estimates of approximately $230 million. With 2017- 2018 average annual free cash flow of over $610 million, before one-time expenses and projected to be slightly higher on a 2018-2019 basis, our near and long-term path to growth and enhancement of shareholder value remains on plan.
As it relates to management's focus on free cash flow generation, our record 2018 and positive outlook for Nexstar Media Group will follow the approach we've successfully deployed in terms of building the top line, maintaining close control of fixed and variable costs and optimizing the balance sheet and capital structure. The plan will continue to support our goals of generating significant free cash flow while allowing us to reduce leverage, pursue additional selective accretive acquisitions, pay dividends, repurchase shares and take other actions taken that enhance shareholder value.
Our focus on free cash flow is a key driver of our attraction to the Tribune assets and the value we can create by combining the companies. As Perry noted, we expect the transaction to result in approximately $900 million of average annual free cash flow in the 2018-2019 cycle or 46% more than our last guidance for Nexstar -- for legacy Nexstar of $615 million of annual free cash flow in the same period.
All of our pre-Tribune merger activities in due diligence continues to support our $900 million or $19.15 a share of free cash flow, but we recognize that our analysts and others continue to model Nexstar stand-alone in the periods leading up to the Tribune, closing later this year. As such, we reiterate the $900 million Tribune guidance and remind you that the two variables related to Tribune that we are aggressively working on every day, are the divestitures in the financing and we look forward to reporting to you as we finalize those items.
Now, I'll provide some guidance points for next our stand-alone over the next two years. First, as I mentioned before, we reiterate our guidance on 2018-2019 cycle of approximately $615 million per year or $13.40 rolling that forward today we're establishing guidance for average annual free cash flow in the 2019-2020 cycle of approximately $660 million or $14.40 a share or $1 more than the prior guidance.
The 2019 guidance assumes that core advertising is up slightly in 2019 versus 2018. The trend that we have seen since the November post election. Our guidance assumes that net political revenue in 2019 will decline almost $220 million compared to the 2018 period with respect to deep potential for early primary spending later this year, we're using historical data and not at this time forecasting anything in the way of material changes from past pre-presidential election cycle revenues.
As we've indicated previously, retrans and digital revenues will both grow low double-digits in 2019 over 2018 levels and again we have a high percentage of renewals at the end of this year, which will show up in our 2020 retrans growth. 2020, of course, will be a political year, so we'll see the same type of inventory management, we successfully exercised in 2018 to maximize this revenue opportunity.
I'm not going to provide guidance for 2020 core because it's just too far out and our sites will be based on driving political dollars in that year.
In summary, Nexstar is executing well on all functions including operations, integration, synergy realization, capital structure and service to our communities. Our disciplines in these areas have driven successful growth as well as consistency and visibility in our results with our financial results and the value we expect to derive from our pending accretive merger with Tribune Media. We continue to believe we have forged a clear path for the continued near and long-term enhancement of shareholder value.
As such, we're excited about our guidance for pro forma and annual average free cash flow in the 2018-2019 cycle of $900 million for the post Tribune merger and approximately $19.50 per share, per year. Our long-term experience in integrating acquired assets and our success over the last eight quarters and outperforming our synergy targets and driving other operating efficiencies related to the transaction of the Media General operations, will serve us well as we add Tribune Media to our operating base upon closing this year.
That concludes the financial review, and now I'll turn the call back over to Perry for some closing remarks before Q&A.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks very much, Tom. In the almost 23 years since Nexstar was founded, we remain true to our mission to deliver premium local programming and content as well as advertising solutions at the local level now with the growing scale for advertisers as well as political campaigns. This focus has proven to be good business for Nexstar as it consistently has positioned us to continue to invest in our business as well as reducing leverage and aggressively returning capital to shareholders and building shareholder value.
Consumer's brand awareness in purchasing decisions are every bit as strong if not stronger at the local level where businesses is operated and transactions take place. Local diversified media companies like ours, are uniquely positioned to thrive in today's multi-platform world because we provide superior local content that is unique and relative to each of the local communities that we serve across the U.S. while offering local businesses advertisers and brands unparalleled 24/7 marketing opportunities across all screens and all devices.
At the same time, our development of complementary retrans and digital revenue streams have materially diversified our revenue mix and we continue to focus on implementing new standards and technologies to monetize the unrivaled reach, trust and influence of our leading local platform. The fourth quarter marked a strong end to a record year of financial performance for Nexstar as well as the beginning of what we expect to be a tremendous period of growth for the Company with our pending acquisition of Tribune Media.
As we begin to benefit from initial contributions from Tribune later this year as well as the continued double-digit growth of
combined retransmission and digital revenue, a large number of distribution contract renewals up at the end of the year and what many expect to be a very substantial and possibly unprecedented spending level related to the 2020 presidential election cycle. We have excellent visibility to delivering on or exceeding our free cash flow targets and a clear path for the continued near and long-term enhancement of shareholder value through our commitment to localism, innovation and growth.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to our operator to express and hear from you as to your specific areas of interest. Operator?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) The first question will come from Marci Ryvicker with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Thank you. I'm surprised by the core guide for '19, so curious what's driving positive core? Is this Nexstar's specific? Is just the overall better environment? Is it a contribution from auto or is it growing in spite of auto?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I would say it's a little bit of all of the above. Marci, we budget conservatively for core growth this year. But I would say into the absence of political has inventory back into our base that we can resell to local advertisers, automotive is better than what we saw ending the Q4 period and 2018. I think it's just a combination of things. I think at Main Street, there is a pretty good level of confidence in the economy. And so, we're also beating (ph) the business for new business. So I think it's a combination of things that, that are driving the growth and with January and February in the books, we are over budget on core, our core revenue budgets for this year and obviously in February, we budget it down because of the Olympics last year, but we have exceeded our goals in the first two months of the year. Small sample size, but it's the beginning of a streak.
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Got it. In terms of the Tribune deal, I have a couple of questions. It feels like you're still on par to close in Q3 despite the government shutdown. I assume that means that conversations with the regulators are going well. And then can you also update us on the timing of station divestitures that forthcoming in the next couple of weeks?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. The station divestiture process is robust. There are a number of participants that are moving forward and have advanced into our next round. We do anticipate being in a position to announce the divestiture buyers and stations and markets, and all of those details by the end of the quarter and maybe a little sooner than that.
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Got it. Any conversation with the FCC or DOJ or anything you can comment on?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
No. Other than, we have made a commitment that we will deliver to them a quote-unquote clean transaction. We won't be asking for any waivers of any existing regulations and we're keeping our eye on the price of closing the big deal.
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Got it. And then last question, does your net leverage or any commentary on synergies related to Tribune include the real estate sales coming from Tribune?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Not in 2019, but in 2020, and really all it is, is a -- would be a cash inflow and a debt reduction because the economics of the real estate really don't materially affect the EBITDA of Tribune, in our view.
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you so much.
Operator
Thank you. The next question will come from Dan Kurnos with Benchmark. Please go ahead.
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
Yes, good morning. Heck of a quarter guys. Just quickly to go back on the core. I think the bigger surprise in the quarter was Q4 core strength. Perry , you talked about November and December being particularly strong and we're kind of trying to do the math or crowd. I know it's never really a clean number. But if you could give us a sense of kind of what December was up and kind of what you think sort of ex-crowd out Q4 look like, that would be helpful?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I can tell you core December was up mid single-digit and the crowd out thing is almost impossible to quantify because the last passenger on the plane pays the highest rate, so some of the political rates were multiples of what regular advertisers pay on a 52-week basis. So it's hard, you would have to assume a static demand and quarter-over-quarter, year-over-year and of course that's not the case. So, I hesitate to comment on that because I wouldn't want to lead you down and exit ramp that goes nowhere. But we did see mid mid single growth in core and as I look at Q1 core revenue again with the comparison of February out of the mix. If I look at January and March taken together, it's a mid single-digit pacing increase on core business, right now.
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
Perfect. That's really helpful. And then obviously you had a bit of a protracted negotiation with TDS which got resolved. I know you guys talked about a pretty healthy retrans outlook. I don't know if those negotiations are getting any more contentious, but it doesn't sound like your outlook has been changed. But if you care to comment on sort of the landscape that you're seeing there?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
You know, there's a deal of contention in every negotiation and ultimately, a constructive conversation. So, I don't think the -- certainly we feel that this is a business and revenue stream that we pioneered that we pay a lot of attention to it, treat it with respect and do a lot of planning and analysis before we begin the negotiation. So I -- the the outage is the exception rather than the rule, if you look at our track record here and I don't think the 2019 renewals will be any different from that, from where we sit today.
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
Great. And then just last, Tom. I don't know if I maybe misheard you, but you said retrans up double digits and assuming that was gross, as your outlook -- you guys outlook changed at all for net for this year and next?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
No.
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
And what was that outlook, if you care to reiterate Tom?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
It will be low double-digit growth in net retrans this year and slightly more than that next year.
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you very much guys.
Operator
Thank you for the question. The next question will come from David Joyce with Evercore. Please go ahead .
David Joyce -- Evercore -- Analyst
Thank you. If you could just provide some more color on a couple of the revenue items. I was just wondering why digital was down, was there some political impact in that somehow. And what should we think about that contributing going forward? And then secondly, on the new to TV advertisers, what should we think about in terms of the upside from there. Are those advertisers who are allocating to local media or they just literally newer companies in your footprint, if you could provide some more color there will be great? Thank you.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. When you look at our digital revenue number. As reported, there are two components there, local site revenue and then there's Nexstar Digital , which is our digital operating company. Nexstar site revenue for the quarter was up high-single digits and that's usually high-single low-double digit growth, consistently for us. Nexstar Digital, basically the revenue was flattish, but let me read the financial statements from the bottoms up in 2017, Q4, we had negative operating income of about $3 million for Nexstar Digital and in Q4 of 2018, we had positive operating income of approximately $5 million.
So, the lower top line growth was a conscious decision, not to chase on profitable revenue and also the cessation of certain unprofitable lines of business, and you did see we took an impairment charge in the fourth quarter related some of those legacy businesses that will no longer be contributing.
I think on a going forward basis, if I again look at site revenue, January's growth was double-digit and we anticipate that being the case for the quarter on our site revenue and we are off to a good start in Nexstar Digital and I think you'll see a return to a consistent high-single low-double digit growth, as the year progresses on the combined metric.
Your second question was on new to television advertising, If I remember, and these are literally in a local marketplaces, we probably do business consistently with somewhere between 5% and 10% of the registered businesses in the marketplace. And so, our greenfield opportunities, the other 90% of the of the businesses that exist in a local market that don't do business with us. And so, there is a tremendous incentive to develop new business, tremendous commission potential. And so, it's just part of our culture and and quite frankly, I think it will be a driver of post closing growth in the Tribune acquisition, because they've not focused as much on business development in their markets, as I think they will under Nexstar.
David Joyce -- Evercore -- Analyst
Great, thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you for the question. The next question will come from Kyle Evans with Stephens. Please go ahead.
Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. You guys posted 50% cycle growth, it sounds like in '18 off of '14. Can you help us think that on the '12 and '16 cycles and give us present contribution as a percent of total political for those periods?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
'12 is a little far back from a reach perspective for me, I don't have that information, but on '16, I want to say that it was traditionally low relative to other presidential elections and it was probably somewhere in the 20% to 25% contribution of total political. And before it had been closer to 30%.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I was going to say almost closer to 40% contribution from presidential, but remember in 2016, President Trump didn't spend a lot of money on his own behalf because of all the free media that he was getting at the time. We don't anticipate that being the case in 2020, but again for being conservative, we're use -- basically using historical numbers for 2020 compared to '16 and the end of '15. So that parallel would be '19 into '20.
Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst
Could you -- I'm sorry, could you say that last statement one more time?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
So, I'm just saying, we're basically -- we're not assuming huge growth in political revenue in '20 over '16 on a pro forma basis, at this point in time.
Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst
Okay. Got it. And then I know you can't make detailed commentary here, but I'm interested from a high level kind of your views on Apollo's COGS (ph) transaction, how that either does or doesn't change your operator perspective?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I think it's a net positive for shareholders to have private equity interest in the business because that should help to firm up valuations. My understanding of that. We dropped out of the COGs process when we acquired Tribune because we couldn't acquire COGs under the National ownership gap (ph), but my understanding is that the headline price will be a healthy multiple probably above where the space is trading today. But time will tell and the documents will need to be made public before we can know for sure, but we see it as a net positive in the space, but there is private equity interest and anytime there's another buyer that should help values.
Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
Thank you for the question. The next question will come from Zack Silver with B. Riley, FBR. Please go ahead.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley, FBR -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks for taking the question. I just wanted to kind of discuss local viewership and given how compelling the 2018 election cycle was, it seems like that could have provided a nice lift for local news viewership. Can you provide an update on how viewership trends were during the election? And if you have available how they are pacing in December as well as maybe year-to-date?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
As you know, we subscribe to comps for primarily and there is not huge users of Nielsen, suffice to stay there was enhanced interest in local news during the election cycle. We produced 83 debates across our footprint that were well viewed during the election cycle. We don't get a rating book, our November rating book until now and we're in a rating period in February, that we won't see the results until April. So, kind of hard to me to comment on current trends here. But again, we've expanded our local newsprint -- footprint even within our local group and launched additional news broadcasts, since the beginning of the year. And so, we obviously believe it's a good business and we will continue to grow our footprint, which will grow our gross aggregate eyeballs just because of more time periods being programmed for local news.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley, FBR -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you, Perry, and then one more if I could. Can you just give us an update on the tip initiative and when we may see that providing some left to core advertising?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, that's the television interface practices and project or whatever you want to use for the initials, but the whole focus there is to provide more automation to the bay-sell process with local television stations to make the business more profitable for the agencies to do business with us. We are attempting to automate all of the back-end processes, the reconciliations, log times and all of that. We're not focused on the front end of the buy-sell process, but it's more of the automation of all the processes around make goods and invoicing and those kinds of things. And we had a press release, which you should have seen earlier this year, that talked about milestones that we'd achieved and our roadmap of what we look to achieve in 2018.
And our goal is to have the whole back-end process automated and vendors designing to that process, which they are now. And these -- it's basically open standards here at the business rules, here's how we see going about it, let the market determine who are the winners and losers from a technology standpoint, but at least have business rules and common standards, my goal is ultimately searchable APIs, but at this point, we're just taking it a step at a time, but I think if we can remove the friction out of the reconciliation part of the process that will be a huge saving for agencies and we hope the money will flow back to -- an increasing money will flow into spot television because of its superior value proposition for the advertiser, we just have to make it profitable for the agency to do business with us.
So, more will come as the year goes on and our goal is that we'll have the whole back-end process automated by the end of the year and then obviously now it's -- it will be up to agencies to adopt those standards and to implement them when -- and that's our ultimate goal.
Zack Silver -- B. Riley, FBR -- Analyst
Got it. That's interesting. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you for your question. The next question will come from Craig Huber with Huber Research Partners. Please go ahead.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Yes, hi. Thank you, a few questions. Maybe, I think you said January and March TV pacings were up mid single digits, if you included February. Are you sort of suggesting is up say 1%, 2% for the whole quarter year-over-year as it stands right now?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Let me look. Yes, it's up slightly, probably on the order of about 1% as we see it today.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Thank you for that. And then how would you categorize auto relative to that, is it better or worse?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
I have not drove down into category pacing by category yet, but that Tim Busch is in the room. He can comment on that. Tim, do you want to talk about auto pacing for the quarter?
Timothy Busch -- President, Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.
Auto pacing has been slowly improving and certainly over prior quarter.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
So, hopefully that's helpful to you.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Yes, appreciate that. You're paying TV subs like say in the fourth quarter, what was that number on a year-over-year basis, was it flat? Up a little bit? Down a little bit?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
I would say down a little bit.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Okay. And then also wanted to jump over now that your are basically two years off the Media General deal, can you remind us please, how much was the original synergies you've told us where you thought you would get out of Media General deal, and what is it coming out now you look back on it?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
The original synergies when we announced the deal were $75 million. When we closed the deal, we up that to $81 million, and I would say obviously we stop keeping count after a little while. But in the first nine months, we totaled between $85 million and $87 million in synergies.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
And I think we have to give commentary the time that there would be additional synergies in years two and three, which we have realized on the order of single-digit million dollars of contract run-outs and lease cancellations and things like that. So, we've realized that as part of our '19 guidance as well.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
And do you think the $160 million. I think you've talked about for Tribune has potential upside too, I know it's early, but do you feel pretty conservative about that number?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Well, it is what it is until that something different.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Okay, thanks a lot guys.
Operator
Thank you. The next question will come from Steven Cahall with Royal Bank of Canada. Please go ahead.
Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst
Thanks. Maybe first Perry, just to drill down on what you said on the 2020 presidential election. I think a lot of us intuitively agree that it probably won't look like 2016. But just wondering if you could help us sleep a little better with why you think that's the case. Are you hearing that from some of your ad agencies? Are you hearing that from the parties that are putting money to work. So anyway you could couch that would be helpful?
And then, Tom, just on the debt, I think, in December, you said about the Tribune debt refinancing it that we should stay tune. Just wondering if you have any updated thoughts on how you're thinking about the Tribune debt. And just reluctantly (ph) when it comes to debt reduction, is there any value or transaction you think it's possible for food network? Thank you.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Let me first start with political; Tim Busch, who's President of Nexstar Broadcasting, is in the room, just made a tour of all of the major political agencies in Washington. So let him remark on their pulse of things.
Timothy Busch -- President, Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.
I would tell you that the president election is probably going to come earlier this year, meaning for the primary races than we have seen in prior cycles. It will also be more robust because you'll have a larger field of candidates and you may have opposition on the incumbent party. And so, you're also going to see spending that will need to occur from our president, which we did not see in 2016, to that degree. And then lastly, pack and party moneys that should be more robust to support eventual candidates beyond the primary. So, you're going to just see overall activity larger than what we saw in 2016 on both sides of the parties in addition to Bernie Sanders.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
So, we've never disappointed on political guidance and I think you should just take us at our word that we, as we have more information, we will give more clarity on our guidance. But we are -- I would say you can probably always bet the over on our guidance, but we're going to do database and fact-based projections here and not -- just put a finger in the wind. So, as we get closer and have more data, you will likely see our guidance on political improve, as it has historically. And again, we tend to try and over-deliver on our promises.
As it relates to food network. That's not even on the to-do list of things to be thinking about right now. We're looking for clean divestitures and maximizing that value, regulatory approval, integration and that's -- we're happy to get it checked that we don't have to do a lot of work for as part of our EBITDA, but there's really nothing in the wind regarding food network not even on our radar screen to talk about. Now I'll let Tom answer the debt question.
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Sure. On the debt, we feel a lot better about the debt capital markets now than we did at year-end. We're not quite back to the levels we were in late November or early December when we did our -- when we got our indications at that time from our financing sources. But clearly, the market continues to grind back to more acceptable levels. And we're not going to give interim updates on the synergy number on Tribune until we have more absolute known, we're doing ongoing diligence on the operating synergies, the financing synergies and the financing costs will be worked into that as well as the divestiture.
So, as soon as we have more known's, then we will give more guidance with regard to the synergies.
Operator
Thank you for the question. We have a question from Jim Goss with Barrington Research. Please go ahead.
Jim Goss -- Barrington Research -- Analyst
Thank you. First, I was wondering the broader national scope and increased penetration in larger markets with the Tribune acquisition, makes me wonder that despite your historical aversion to entertainment programming and maybe that would continue, are there other programming initiatives you think would be a better consideration for you just because they would give you greater chance to monetize your base of operations?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Tim Busch and I have visited so far seven markets that of the Tribune markets that we will be retaining. And I think we've identified opportunities to increase local programming in every one of those markets along the way, and we'll be in Des Moine and Oklahoma City later this week and the roadshow will continue through the first week of April.
So I would say, we still have an aversion to national entertainment programming creating that, but I do think that we can potentially monetize our local programming as a day part or potentially an upfront or an unwired network of our own doing. We participate in unwired networks with our rep firms and other parties event specific that perhaps we can do that under our own power given the national reach we have.
This will be a company with national scale, but focused on local markets and I think that's the thing to remember. And that's what we're good at and that's what we'll continue to strive to get better at.
Operator
Thank you. The next question will come from Barton Crockett of BCS Stocks. Please go ahead.
Barton Crockett -- BCS Stocks -- Analyst
Okay, great, thanks for taking the question. I haven't heard much from you guys about ATSC 3.0 on this call. I was just wondering if you could update what you see the landscape looking like for ATSC 3.0 in 2019, in terms of rollout, in terms of potential building a base for monetization are -- is there still reason to be excited about that or does it look like it is taking a little bit longer than maybe it had been hoped at one time?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I think we've been encouraging folks to kind of cap the brakes on monetization because we've got to go through a repack and then a conversion to ATSC 3.0, most folks are doing that or spending money to get ATSC 3.0 ready, when they do the repack and spend incremental money and I think we have earmarked probably $20 million of our CapEx this year and next for ATSC 3.0 improvements beyond what the FCC would reimburse. And so that's how that this will begin, the first market to participate in a full market conversion is Phoenix. We will be the first ATSC 3.0 lighthouse station, others will provide the 1.0 lighthouse. We're still waiting on some approvals from the FCC to license MODs (ph) to allow us to do that.
So, there's a lot of organization, but our goal is that we have between the Pearl consortium and the Spectrum consortium. And again, we're the only Company in -- with a foot in both of those camps have 20 markets converted by the end of this year. That may be ambitious, but as you know, it's a voluntary transition, you have to get all the parties to agree. And then you've got to negotiate reciprocal tower leases. I mean there's a lot that goes into this and Brett Jenkins our Chief Technical Officer, is probably spending 30% to 40% of his time on ATSC and repack related issues here, but you have a coalition of the willing, it's just the repack itself will take three years plus from where we sit here and then we'll begin the path to monetization once markets do the voluntary conversion to 3.0 transmission technology.
So, all of which is to say, we think it's like having mineral rights and there is value here to be unlocked by the right technology and while it took 20 years to monetize shale oil and gas by improved technology, it's not going take 20 years, but it's going to take 5 to 10 before, this is a real meaningful contributor.
But again, I think it is the next huge value lever for local television because we're the ones that control and can monetize our spectrum. And I think the potential is as big as retrans probably, which is a $10 billion, almost $11 billion industry at the local station level in 2018. So, we think it has that potential, but you just going to have some patience, it's going to take time.
Operator
Thank you. The next question will come from Ryan Vaughan with Needham. Please go ahead.
Ryan Vaughan -- Needham -- Analyst
Hi, Tom And Perry. Thanks for taking my question. Just Tom you mentioned the -- I'm sorry, Perry mentioned that the $10 billion or $11 billion I actually have a retrans question for you. So, you've talked about double-digit growth for years to come. I'm just curious how do you think about that, whether it's coming from virtual MVPD subs growth or is it the distribution option for the pricing expands or is it coming from some of the lower viewership channels that are getting bumped of at certain packages, fully recognizing in the bigger picture that broadcast is under earning relative to what cable is getting today, is a big picture question there?
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, if you look at 2019, the estimate is that total distribution payments are $50 billion and we're getting, let's call it $10 billion or $11 billion. So we're somewhere between 20%, 22% of the pie. And that's for all television stations in aggregate. And all television stations in aggregate typical MVPD home, generate 35% of the cumulative viewing.
So I would say that's your bid and as to begin with, we won't even get into a quality of content -- premium content and what people really want, which is the local television stations. But, we're right now at about a 1.6 million in OTT sub counts. And that number is probably a little less than the actual, because there is a payment lag on that from the networks who are paying us to be part of their offering and so, that is a growth driver.
Again, we've seen our sub count declines really level off. I think people kind of get the bundle and the value of the bundle and they don't want to have four remotes on the coffee table again, and so broadband plus video and navigation is pretty powerful. And so -- but I think the primary driver is going to be from getting our fair share of the distribution bundle. And I think that will occur over the next couple of cycles, which would be three to six years basically.
Operator
Thank you. The final question will come from Dennis Leibowitz with Act II Partners. Please go ahead.
Dennis Leibowitz -- Act II Partners -- Analyst
Yes. What is the same factors that are causing you to raise your free cash flow estimates, moving from '18-'19 to '19-'20 for the core apply to the Tribune stations as well meaning that the total instead of 1950 or even 2050 would be higher than that?
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
We're not prepared to comment on Tribune '19-'20 free cash flow guidance yet. There's a lot of moving parts that goes into that. I think we want to do it once and we want to do it with full information from synergies, from diligence, from financing, from divestitures, et cetera. But -- we're just speaking for the Nexstar at this point.
Operator
Thank you speakers. This concludes the Q&A portion. I'll turn it back to you for closing remarks.
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, thank you all for joining us today in celebrating our record Q4 '18 and full year 2018 results. We look forward to gathering again in three months' time, not only to report on our Q1 results, but to update you on the Tribune divestiture process and the Tribune process overall. So, thank you for joining us today and we look forward to catching up down the road.
Operator
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's event. You may now disconnect your lines.
Duration: 65 minutes
Call participants:
Joseph N. Jaffoni -- Investor Relations
Perry A. Sook -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Tom Carter -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Daniel Kurnos -- Benchmark -- Analyst
David Joyce -- Evercore -- Analyst
Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst
Zack Silver -- B. Riley, FBR -- Analyst
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Timothy Busch -- President, Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc.
Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst
Jim Goss -- Barrington Research -- Analyst
Barton Crockett -- BCS Stocks -- Analyst
Ryan Vaughan -- Needham -- Analyst
Dennis Leibowitz -- Act II Partners -- Analyst
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