DocuSign (DOCU) Q3 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

DocuSign (DOCU -0.26%)
Q3 2024 Earnings Call
Dec 07, 2023, 5:00 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining DocuSign's third quarter fiscal year '24 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session.

As a reminder, this call is being recorded and will be available for replay from the investor relations section of the website following the call. [Operator instructions] I will now pass the call over to Heather Harwood, head of investor relations. Please go ahead.

Heather Harwood -- Head of Investor Relations

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon and welcome to DocuSign Q3 fiscal year 2024 earnings call. I'm Heather Harwood, DocuSign's head of investor relations. Joining me on today's call are DocuSign's CEO, Allan Thygesen; and our CFO, Blake Grayson.

The press release announcing our third quarter fiscal year 2024 results was issued earlier today and is posted on our investor relations website. Now, let me remind everyone that some of our statements on today's call are forward-looking. We believe our assumptions and expectations related to these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but they are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results or performance to be materially different. In particular, our expectations regarding the pace of digital transformation and factors affecting customer demand are based on our best estimates at this time and are, therefore, subject to change.

Please read and consider the risk factors in our filings with the SEC, together with the content of this call. Any forward-looking statements are based on our assumptions and expectations to date. And except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these statements in light of future events or new information. During this call, we will present GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.

In addition, we provide non-GAAP weighted average share counts and information regarding free cash flows and billings. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from, a substitute for, or superior to our GAAP results. We encourage you to consider all measures when analyzing our performance. For information regarding our non-GAAP financial information, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, and a quantitative reconciliation of those figures, please refer to today's earnings press release, which can be found on our website at investors.docusign.com.

I'd now like to turn the call over to Allan. Allan.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Heather, and good afternoon, everyone. DocuSign's third quarter operating results reflect progress on our initiatives to expand beyond e-signature into agreement management, and our financial performance underscores our ongoing focus on driving profitability and sustaining healthy free cash flow. As I reflect on our journey over the last 12 months, the three key pillars of our strategic vision remain the same. First, to accelerate innovation toward agreement management, which we believe will further expand market opportunity; second, improving the reach and efficiency of our omnichannel go-to-market efforts; and third, strengthening our financial and operational efficiency.

Now, before we discuss each pillar in detail, let me first highlight this quarter's financial results. Total Q3 revenue came in at $700 million, up 9% versus prior year. We're particularly pleased with the improvement in our overall profitability of this quarter against persistent macro headwinds and related customer caution. Specifically, our Q3 non-GAAP operating margin came in at 27%, a 400-basis-point increase versus prior year, and non-GAAP operating income grew 27% year over year to 187 million.

We also generated record free cash flow in Q3, coming in at 240 million, up significantly versus the prior year. We're focused on strengthening our profitability while making balanced investments in areas with strong long-term growth opportunities. We're also seeing encouraging signs of business stabilization, with improvement in some metrics, notably customers with annualized contract value greater than 300K. Blake will expand on the metrics further in his remarks.

With respect to our first pillar, accelerating product innovation, our focus is twofold. First, we continue to improve our core eSignature product capability. In Q3, DocuSign became the exclusive e-signature provider for Microsoft's Power Pages integration, making it easy for website makers to incorporate signatures and forms without code, improving the client signing experience, and opening the door to building pre- and post-signature workflows. In November, we also launched a WhatsApp integration for eSignature.

In an internal comparative study, we found that agreements delivered via WhatsApp are signed nearly seven times faster than those sent via email. Given the ubiquity of WhatsApp globally, it's an important update to bring eSignature to markets outside the U.S. In addition, IDC recognized DocuSign as a leader in its 2023 eSignature assessment. DocuSign continues to hold the leadership position of IDC for eSignature based on having a complete portfolio of solutions for customers.

And we're seeing existing customers grow and expand their use cases. Hantz Group, which is a Michigan-based wealth management firm, is using eSignature to deliver a fully digital experience for its clients through a proprietary mobile app and is expanding their use of DocuSign products with Notary, SMS, Identity Verification, and Monitor. Our APIs and strengthened compliance made DocuSign the best choice for Hantz. And they've made DocuSign the standard across their entire organization, which will approximately double their use of our products.

Second, we're also investing toward broadening our value proposition beyond e-signature and into agreement management. In Q3, we shipped embedded agreements that deliver a seamless signing experience directly on our customers' websites and applications. In addition, we launched Microsoft Power Automate for the generation of personalized professional-looking documents for signing directly from Microsoft Power Automate flows. We also launched foundational features and functionality that help us expand beyond e-signature into wide-scale agreement management.

These features deliver customer delight and remove friction from all aspects of the agreement process. We see the success of CLM as a proof point that there are broader agreement management use cases to address for customers of all sizes. CLM continues to grow well, particularly with North American enterprise customers. And for the fourth year in a row, our CLM solution was recognized as a leader by Gartner in contract life cycle management, noting our strong market understanding, product strategy, and road map vision, including upcoming generative AI enhancements.

This quarter, we expanded a relationship that began more than five years ago with Ricoh USA, who's a leader in workplace innovation. Ricoh began using DocuSign eSignature and has added CLM as part of its transformation into a digital services company. Our AI solution will help Ricoh streamline and enhance search and review of executed customer contracts with actionable insights to better serve its customers. Thank you to our partners at Spaulding Ridge who are helping to strengthen our commitment and partnership with Ricoh.

As we look ahead, we envision serving similar customer needs not addressed by CLM via a broader agreement management platform designed for all of our customers in all segments. We are previewing with select customers now, and we'll have much more to share on our product road map and strategic vision at our Momentum user conference in April 2024. Across both our eSignature core and future agreement management products, we believe our investment will lead to even further differentiation in a competitive market. We're encouraged by steady win rates and excited for the impact we can create for customers.

This past quarter also demonstrated execution against our second pillar, improved omnichannel go-to-market, where we gained traction across our direct sales, digital, and partner engagement. Our international business spans all channels as an important part of our addressable market. It's really an untapped opportunity for DocuSign expansion. In Q3, our international revenue grew approximately three times faster than our North American business.

We also saw traction in the adoption of our Identity Verification solutions, which meet stringent regulatory standards in the EU and elsewhere. And in Q3, we launched a Japanese localized version of our CLM product. The recently launched WhatsApp integration also highlights our international ambitions. Our digital channel once again grew at a faster rate than our direct business during the quarter, a strong sign that our product-led growth initiative continues to drive new customer acquisition and top-of-funnel activity.

We continue to optimize our site and remove friction from the try-and-buy journey while creating a more personalized experience with improved localization. We're seeing particular strength in new customer acquisition in our international markets, as well as improved conversion rates in the trial-to-paid license purchase conversion rates. Our trusted brand and product strength continue to be assets for our direct sales team. Mountain America Credit Union, one of the biggest credit unions in the U.S., has reduced the time it takes to close their credit card application by 30% by integrating DocuSign with its proprietary loan origination system.

Mountain America switched to DocuSign from a different electronic signature provider, in part, because our strong brand reputation inspires confidence from its members, but also because our rich catalog of best-in-class APIs gives its developers the flexibility to create solutions that are customized to its exact needs. That is enabling Mountain America to deliver a seamless minimal click experience that aligns with the standards its members expect from their financial institution. An important pillar of our go-to-market plan is strengthening our partner ecosystem. In October, we hosted our first-ever Partner Day.

It was fantastic to meet with our system integrators, resellers, and software vendors from around the world, sharing our commitment to growing our business together. As an example, the ISV-embed pay-as-you-go initiative we announced in Q2 is accelerating and driving new customer wins. Before I pass it to Blake, I want to address some progress on our third strategic pillar, our company's focus on financial and operational efficiency. In the quarter, we delivered record operating margin and free cash flow.

While we continue to invest for long-term growth, we will also continue to be strong financial stewards of the business. We still have a lot of work to do, but I am pleased with our progress over the past 12 months. I am more confident than ever in the value we can create for our customers and in our business and the scale and strength of our customer base. We're in the early stages of our journey to expand beyond e-signature into agreement management, but there is very concrete customer validation of the market opportunity and meaningful progress toward our goals.

Thank you to the DocuSign team who has inspired me with their commitment to this transformation. With that, let me turn it over to Blake.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Allan, and good afternoon, everyone. As I approach my six-month anniversary at DocuSign, I remain excited about the long-term opportunity and our team's execution against the three key pillars we've outlined previously: accelerating product innovation, enhancing our omnichannel go-to-market strategy, and strengthening our financial and operational efficiency. We delivered solid results in Q3, demonstrating the stability of our business model. In the third quarter, total revenue increased 9% year over year to 700 million and subscription revenue grew 9% year over year to 682 million.

We continued to drive solid new customer growth during the quarter despite the challenging macro and software buying environment, which is evidence of DocuSign's durable value proposition. In addition, I'm proud of our operational execution, highlighted by strong profitability and free cash flow generation. While we have much work still to do, we are making progress. Third quarter billings rose 5% year over year to 692 million.

As expected, expansion headwinds continue to impact year-over-year billings growth. These dynamics are also visible in our dollar net retention, which was 100% in Q3. Expansion rates continue to be tempered by spending optimization and IT budget scrutiny. We expect dollar net retention to trend downward in Q4.

That said, we are encouraged by a few early data points evident in our results this quarter. First, we saw year-over-year consumption stabilization or improvement in a number of verticals, including business services, technology, and insurance. Financial services, by contrast, continued to be more impacted. Although real estate also continued to be pressured by the interest rate environment, it improved on a year-over-year basis for the third quarter in a row, with significant opportunity for further improvement.

We're increasingly operating in a post-COVID environment, and I'm pleased that our weighted average contract duration continues to remain consistent at 18 months. Also, by the end of this fiscal year, we expect only around 10% of our book of business to be from contract signed during calendar years 2020 and 2021. DocuSign's value proposition is broad-based, and we benefit long term by doing business with customers across a diverse set of sectors and segments. Second, we are pleased with the early progress we are seeing from our investments in the omnichannel go-to-market efforts.

Driven by our direct sales efforts, the enterprise segment showed some early potential relative to performance in previous quarters. The number of customers with annualized contract values greater than $300,000 rose slightly to 1,051 from 1,047 in the prior quarter and was approximately flat year over year. This increase is an improvement after two quarters of sequential declines. Also, our CLM business grew double digits year over year.

As enterprise customers continue to optimize their eSignature spend, we are seeing some customers taking advantage of our CLM product. Enterprise customer adoption is encouraging because CLM is the early proving ground for investment in our broader agreement management use case for our entire customer base. In addition, within our omnichannel pillar, international revenue grew 18% year over year, reaching 185 million in the third quarter, representing 26% of our total revenue. This was a slight acceleration in year-over-year growth from the previous quarter.

Most international markets remained at an early adoption stage due to regulatory history and cultural habits. At the same time, however, international represents the largest portion of our TAM, and I am pleased to see continued success of our hybrid go-to-market strategy. Related to the investments we're making in our PLG and self-serve motions, digital revenue growth outperformed direct. Digital remains the primary source for new customer acquisition, and we added approximately 36,000 new customers in Q3, bringing the total customer base to 1.47 million, up 11% year over year.

This includes the addition of approximately 7,000 direct customers, bringing the total number of direct customers to 233,000, a 15% year-over-year increase. Turning to our third strategic pillar, we delivered strong margin expansion and healthy cash flow during Q3, highlighting our focus on operating and financial efficiency. Non-GAAP gross margins in the third quarter was 83%, in line with the prior year. Third quarter non-GAAP subscription gross margin was 86%, also in line with the prior year.

Q3 non-GAAP operating income reached a record 187 million, representing a 27% margin, up nearly 400 basis points from 23% and 147 million in the prior year. During the quarter, we increased focus on investment prioritization, hiring plans, and operating expenses. There will be continuing opportunities for greater efficiency even as we invest to drive long-term growth. Q3 non-GAAP EPS was $0.79, a $0.22 per share improvement from $0.57 last year.

We ended Q3 with 6,945 employees, compared to 7,522 the year prior and up from 6,748 in Q2. We will remain disciplined with our headcount investment. Hiring will continue to focus on opportunities to drive sustainable long-term growth like those in R&D. Operating cash flow for the quarter was 264 million, compared with 53 million in the same quarter last year.

While an ERP transition impacted last year's cash flow results, I'm proud of the significant free cash flow we generated this quarter. Third quarter free cash flow was a record 240 million, representing a 34% margin, compared with 36 million or 6% a year ago. Over the last 12 months, we've generated over 750 million in free cash flow, underscoring the strong fundamentals of this business. With regards to the balance sheet, we exited Q3 with 1.7 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and investments.

This includes the repayment of 37 million of convertible debt that matured during the quarter. Our balance sheet remains strong, and we have ample liquidity to address the remaining convertible debt of 690 million that matures next month. Turning to our share repurchase program. We redeployed excess capital during the quarter and repurchased 1.8 million shares for approximately 75 million.

In addition to our share repurchase program, during the quarter, we used 36 million to pay taxes due on RSU settlements, reducing the diluted impact of our equity programs. We remain committed to opportunistically returning capital to our shareholders. With that, let me turn to guidance. For the fourth quarter and fiscal year '24, we expect total revenue of 696 million to 700 million in Q4, or a 6% year-over-year increase at the midpoint; and 2.746 billion to 2.750 billion for fiscal '24, or a 9% year-over-year increase.

Of this, we expect subscription revenue of 679 million to 683 million in Q4, or a 6% year-over-year increase at the midpoint; and 2.670 billion to 2.674 billion for fiscal '24, or a 9% year-over-year increase. For billings, we expect 758 million to 768 million in Q4, or a 3% growth rate year over year at the midpoint; and 2.835 billion to 2.845 billion for fiscal '24, or growth of 7% year over year. We expect non-GAAP gross margin to be 81% to 82% for Q4 and 81.5% to 82.5% for fiscal '24. We expect non-GAAP operating margin to reach 22.5% to 23.5% for Q4 and 24% to 25% for fiscal '24.

We expect non-GAAP fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 207 million to 212 million for both Q4 and fiscal '24. In closing, we're pleased to report a quarter of consistent execution against our three strategic pillars: accelerating product innovation, enhancing our omnichannel go-to-market strategy, and strengthening our financial and operational efficiency. We have a strong foundation, with well over 1 million customer relationships and improving product momentum. We remain focused on creating shareholder value by investing in durable long-term growth, delivering on our profitability goals, and generating sustainable free cash flow.

We look forward to keeping you updated on our progress as we focus on helping our customers accelerate their business growth, mitigate risk, and enable customer experiences that are easier and more delightful. That concludes our prepared remarks. With that, operator, let's open up the call for questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. We'll now be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Our first question is from Jake Roberge with William Blair. Please proceed with your question.

Jake Roberge -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Hey. Thanks for taking the questions. I understand NRR is a trailing metric and appreciate the color that Q4 will see another decline, but are we starting to get visibility in a trough for that metric now that you're putting those headwinds from the multiyear COVID contracts behind you and maybe the new product investments start layering in more meaningfully next year?

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. I'll take a stab at this and, Allan, if you want to jump in, feel free. So, just a quick reminder, dollar net retention, or DNR, is -- you know, are direct business only in that, you know, greater than one year. Like you said, the trend downward is in line with our previous communications.

And as covered in our prepared remarks, for me, you know, we have -- we expect to see continued pressure into Q4. It's a tough macro environment still where companies, you know, continue to scrutinize investments and leading to smaller expansion opportunities for us. It's a bit of a lagging indicator. So, the thing that I'm focused on mostly and that the company's focus on is, you know, what are the efforts we're making to stabilize and improve it, you know, over the longer term.

And so, like you said, things like, you know, intelligent agreement management and the new product innovation, including CLM and pricing and packaging enhancements and stronger PLG motions that we're working and self-serve, those can help us improve those, you know, win or renewal rates, if you will, over time is what we're focused on. And, you know, as you heard in the prepared remarks, we are seeing some, you know, very early signs of, you know, potential, you know, I would call it, cautious optimism, right? Like consumption up across a number of verticals. We saw sticky feature adoption improved from last quarter on a year-over-year basis, and that's the, you know, percentage of our direct customers using five or more, you know, kind of incremental features that when -- it was at 58% in Q3, up from Q2, and it was up about 12 points year over year. So, you know, they're just -- there are early signs of potential optimism, but I think it's, you know, too early for us to put any type of a target or a specific timeline out there.

But focusing on those product management efforts and those go-to-market efforts, I think, is how we get excited about the future.

Jake Roberge -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

OK. Helpful. And then just to follow up on those products you were talking about, when do you think CLM becomes a more meaningful part of the business where it actually starts impacting expansion rates instead of NRR just being really driven by eSignature consumption? It seems like we've been talking about the potential for that product suite for a few years. But what do you need to do to get that product to more main stage with customers?

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, I'll take a crack at that. So, first, I'd say that if you look -- if you think about our broader vision, CLM is really -- it's a leading indicator or an early instantiation of our broader vision for intelligent agreement management. It is very heavily focused on the enterprise. And I think we and everyone else providing CLM solutions have been held back by the required, you know, significant services and customization investment that the current generation of CLM products, you know, mandate.

And so, our opportunity is to make that significantly more lightweight and delightful, lowering the bar for companies of all sizes, really, to take advantage of that platform. That is a huge part of our focus right now. We're in early access on some important pieces of that. And so, over the next few quarters, you'll see that, you know, begin to roll out to a much broader set of customers than CLM from DocuSign or any other vendor can address today.

And we think that unlocks opportunity, as I said, everywhere.

Jake Roberge -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Helpful. Thanks for taking questions and well done on the nice execution.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Josh Baer with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.

Josh Baer -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for the question. I wanted to dig in on margins and the margin outperformance. I was hoping you could provide a little bit more context on the source of upside in the quarter and then how to think about the trajectory of investments going forward.

Like the full year guide was raised. Just wondering if there's been sort of any changes in the investment philosophy, pulling back in any areas, or just letting, you know, more of the upside flow through to the bottom line? Thanks.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Appreciate the question. So, with regards to the outperformance on the operating margin, we made a concerted effort, you know, I would say, starting kind of like late September to inspect and rationalize investments, you know, across the business. It's really just about increasing focus on what I would call disciplined spending while we continue to invest in, you know, the areas that -- where we have longer-term growth aspirations.

You know, during Q3, we prioritized investments. And so, that includes the rate of hiring, the value of opportunities for organizational efficiency, but then also overall operating expenses with, you know, focus on leveraging existing resources, where possible, but still being able to invest for longer-term growth. With regards to your question on the trajectory and the investment philosophy, you know, we're all big believers here in a balanced outlook, which is we need to be able to invest to get the long-term growth and achieve those aspirations that we have, but at the same point in time, we need to be efficient and productive with the assets that we have. And so, I really am proud of the team for embracing that.

And so, I don't think -- no investment, I would say, philosophy changes from our part. But I would just say a little bit maybe kind of more executed focus on that for us, and we were able to, you know, show some pretty good performance, I think, this quarter, and I'm really proud of the team for that level of execution.

Josh Baer -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thank you.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Just -- I would just echo -- if I can just echo Blake's point that the entire management team, not just Blake, is very focused on this balance that he referenced. We absolutely want to free up capital, and that is a team effort to look everywhere in the company to free up resources where we can then invest more particularly on the product side. We did some of that earlier this year, as you know, but it's an ongoing continuous effort, not just a one-time thing, and I think that's reflected in the results.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Brent Thill with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.

Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi. This is Luv Sodha on for Brent Thill. Thank you, Allan and Blake, for taking my questions. Maybe first, you know, I just wanted to ask, obviously, you're guiding to 7% year-over-year billings growth for fiscal '24.

I guess -- I know you're not, you know, guiding to fiscal '25 just yet, but how should we think of the growth trajectory for next year, especially as you come through some kind of trough on the NRR side?

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So, I'll take a stab of that. You know, I'm really proud of the progress we've made in a short period of time. And when I say that, I mean across our business, you know, both in just operational efficiency, but also accelerating product evolution and innovation.

You know, in Q3 particularly, we improved operating margins, we generated significant free cash flow, and I think we're evolving our mindset, you know, across the company. You know, as I mentioned earlier on the question that was just asked before this, in terms of our long-term approach, we're going to balance driving durable long-term growth with operating efficiency. You know, top priority is to make the right strategic investment to drive business momentum and, frankly, to billings, which is, you know, I think what you're referring to, in the coming years. And, you know, it doesn't happen overnight, especially at a business of this scale.

But we believe we have the right product and go-to-market focus and, you know, we've got a good leadership team in place to make that happen. And, you know, you alluded to this, but given that we're still working through our planning and forecasting process for next year, we'll provide our standard formal fiscal year '25 outlook in our Q4 earnings call three months from now. But, you know, as you think about next year, you know, I imagine you'll want to consider the Q4 exit rate trends as you think about next year. And the same time, we believe there's further opportunity to drive improved efficiency in our existing business and, you know, in our operating expenses, and then also taking into account historical seasonality changes, you know, as we go from Q4 to Q1 with fewer days in the quarter and things like that.

You know, just all kind of the basics that you would want to pay attention to. But other than that, you know, we'll provide our full year -- our fiscal '25 formal guidance in our next quarter's call.

Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Got it. And one quick follow-up if I may. Just wanted to ask about, you know, your philosophy around stock-based compensation. Thank you.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So, I mean, I think the philosophy on stock-based comp is generally you want to be able to provide the incentive and the ability to attract and retain the best talent possible to allow us to, you know, reach the aspirations for growth that we want to get to. I know that -- you know, I think our stock-based comp as a percentage of revenue in the current quarter, I think, was 23%. I think that was up slightly year over year from '22.

I would say that, you know, the driver of the increase is really most about the new management team. So, it's driven by the executive comp that drove that year-over-year increase, not necessarily, you know, the other part of the company. I think that, for us, it's something we're slightly above our peer average. And so, it's something that we are paying attention to, but it's a balanced approach again, right? We want to be able to attract and retain the right people for the job that -- so we can get into this next chapter of growth for DocuSign.

But it is something we pay attention to and are looking at.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, we just --

Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

We have that -- we discussed that topic with the board and the compensation committee, and, you know, we will share our longer-term plans. But our goal is -- like I said, is to manage this down over time without fundamentally disrupting our ability to execute. It was necessary to attract a new management team and to rebalance our employees following the stock decline. But I think -- we think we're in a more normalized set now, and we should be able to manage to something more toward the benchmarks.

Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Perfect. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Brad Sills with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.

Brad Sills -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Oh, great. Thank you so much. I wanted to ask about a comment, Allan, you made earlier in the call that I think you're seeing increased conversion in the top-of-funnel business. Would love to get some more color on there.

Do you feel like there's some learning there? I know this has been a priority for you since joining the company and building that top-of-funnel. So, any color on that end of the business and the conversion uptick that you mentioned?

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, I think you all know, we acquire a tremendous number of new customers every quarter. And most of those -- the vast majority of those come in via our website and onboard themselves. And then over time, we grow them.

And as they show potential and opportunity, then we engage them with, you know, our sales teams and our support customer success teams. I would say that our digital motion has made significant improvements during the course of this year. So, for customers that are, in essence, natively digital, we've -- we have improved that part of the funnel. You not only -- you can buy more things.

You can upgrade your existing plans. You know, all of that stuff is working much better now. We're adding more international currencies every quarter. So, all of those things are helping improve the performance of our digital business.

In addition to that, we are in the process of building out ability for customers who are currently serviced through our sales teams to handle a number of activities themselves without human assistance. And that is very -- that has very high leverage, both in terms of providing a better offering to our customers and in terms of freeing up our sales teams to work on higher value work. I think we still have some quarters to go on implementing that and seeing the full benefit of that. So, our -- the benefits of this self-serve PLG project continue to accrue and will accrue through -- you know, into next year.

But we are -- we're seeing really good progress, and that business is growing faster than our direct business, and it's improving on most performance metrics. So, that's -- yeah, very happy with the progress there.

Brad Sills -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Great to hear. Thanks, Allan. Then one, if I may, on the net revenue retention -- dollar-based net revenue retention coming down next quarter. Could you just help unpack that for us a little bit, you know, on gross versus expansion? Is gross kind of holding and this is mostly expansion-related? I know it's a backward-looking metric, but if you could just help us unpack that a little bit on the gross side.

Thank you.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. There's not much more, I would say, level of detail that we're going to disclose, you know, publicly about. I think it's just, for us, that it's a metric that we know if we can deliver on the product innovation and the road map and the self-service and the PLG motions that we have in front of us, we really believe we've got a chance to stabilize that metric and then reverse that trend. Now, for us, that's top of mind.

You know, obviously, it is a lagging metric, so there's time that you're going to -- it's going to take to see that occur. But I would say there was nothing that spoke out about Q3 that stood out that I would call it different than, you know, the prior quarter or two.

Brad Sills -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

All right. Thanks so much.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Michael Turrin with Wells Fargo Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Michael Turrin -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Hey. Great. Thanks. Appreciate you taking the questions.

Blake, I wanted to spend some more time on the consumption commentary that you provided. Certainly helpful. I'm just wondering if there's anything else you can tell us in terms of the shape of those improvements, how that compares to prior periods. And when you're talking about consumption for DocuSign, is that mainly signature volumes or there are other attributes of customer profiles we should be considering as part of that commentary?

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. And that's a good question. Thanks for asking. So, when we talk about consumption today, it's primarily around the eSignature space, primarily around, you know, if you will, the envelopes that are used.

So, what is the usage by our customers, you know, on a year-over-year basis? So, those verticals that I highlighted had some of the stronger year-over-year growth in consumption that we've seen, you know, over the past quarter or two. So, I think we're, again, cautiously optimistic about it. And just to be, you know, clear, too, there's still verticals that are more challenged, right? I highlighted financial services as one, and I also highlighted real estate as the other one, which probably comes as no surprise to folks who, you know, are living in this interest rate environment. I think, though, the thing that makes me -- I don't want to say happier, but you can see a little bit of light there is that, you know, real estate has improved on a year-over-year basis over the past three quarters.

So, that's good. But it's not anywhere back to near where it was, I would say, you know, prior to the whole interest rate, you know, challenges that we've kind of entered into the past year or so. But so excited about that. But again, that's also -- I think in the prepared remarks, I made a comment about the significant remaining opportunity.

And so, a lot of it, I think, you're probably seeing is that, you know, as the macro environment, you know, returns to more normalcy in certain verticals, then, you know, we believe we're a beneficiary of that. And I think that's relevant because we have such a broad-based set of verticals and such a diverse customer base as well. So, it's something that, you know, when things improve, we think we're a beneficiary of that. And, you know, your guess is probably as good or better than mine on when that happens.

Michael Turrin -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

So, I don't know if any of us had -- go ahead.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

On that one, maybe not. I'll just add to what Blake said. You know, I think consumption -- we think of consumption as a imperfect but important leading and predictive indicator of renewal. And so, that's why we track it closely and we're talking about it.

And we're seeing, you know, modestly encouraging signs there in consumption trends relative to the commitments customers have made. Maybe one other comment on that is we are also coming to the end of the COVID. We have a few quarters left of COVID renewals, but it is already significantly down in weight in our business. And so, that's coming to an end, which is positive.

Michael Turrin -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

That's all super helpful. And then maybe one more on just the leading indicator side. Appreciating it's noisy, but if we look at billings this quarter, it's down sequentially. Last quarter, you talked about it wasn't early renewals, it was just kind of the timing of renewals having some improvements.

So, did that maybe helped Q2 relative to Q3 or just help us kind of square the seasonal trends and what can drive the volatility from quarter to quarter on that metric? Thank you.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. You bet. So, right, you know, Q3 billings growth of 5%, relative to Q2 of 10% year over year. Still really pleased with the Q3.

You know, we came in above our expectations on that. But the decel like, you know, you're asking about from Q2 to Q3, it's really driven, I would say, by three primary areas. The first is we have a hard comp in Q3. If you look back at our historical results, I think our Q3 billings growth in fiscal '23 was up 17 -- around 17% year over year, and that was the highest in fiscal '23.

And that was driven by a year ago, we had a pretty strong early renewals kind of momentum that grew that billings number in Q2 the prior year. Now, we're still doing well this year, you know, with regard to our renewals. It's just a hard comp that we're having to deal with. The second thing -- item is what you talked about, which is that on-time renewal impact.

And, you know, as I discussed in the last call and my predecessor discussed in the call before that, the benefit that we've had in the higher on-time renewals in the first half of '24, it's just you have a smaller impact as you go through the year in the second half. And so, it's really primarily a timing issue. And so, we're still doing actually really quite well on on-time renewal execution there. The team is doing a great job with it.

It's just a smaller impact on year-over-year growth as we progress through the year. And then, you know, the final -- the third thing that impacts that billings number, frankly, is just lower expansion rates, right? I mean, IT budget scrutiny and, you know, people that are sitting in my seat are asking the right questions, which is how do I do more with less, where are the places that I can manage costs well? It's -- I mean, I'm doing it here, frankly, in my role as an operational CFO. And, you know, that, along with macro, impacts overall billings growth and it's evident in those DNR rates. But, you know, as Allan mentioned and I've mentioned already, like we are seeing those consumption trends that we saw some marginal improvement quarter over quarter, and it's still early for us.

We got to see that, you know, hopefully hold here for the next few quarters. But, you know, things are also improving. But that's just really the dynamics of the decel in the year-over-year growth between Q2 and Q3.

Michael Turrin -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

I appreciate the details. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Tyler Radke with Citi. Please proceed with your question.

Tyler Radke -- Citi -- Analyst

Yes. Thanks for taking the question. I'm not sure if this is -- who this is for, but I guess, as we think about the product set for next year, obviously there's a lot of organic investments you're making on the gen AI side, can you just talk about how you expect that -- the product set and, you know, available products and upsells to evolve next year? And with the launch of some of these generative AI services, how does that kind of change, you know, the philosophy around still kind of offering an envelope-based signature product rather than, you know, something more subscription-based that's not tied to envelope? Thank you.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. There are several points in there. First, I'd just say, look, our CLM business is growing faster than our signature business. And I expect as we launch this broader intelligent agreement management platform to a broader set of customers that that pattern of that broader category growing faster will continue.

The second point you made about the envelope or subscription basis, we are, in fact, already experimenting with should we say unlimited envelope billing models for a variety of customers. So, for very large customers, we have entered into some enterprise license agreements, and those have been, I think, quite helpful. One very large bank that we did one with, as they -- after they signed that agreement, they proceeded to remove a competing solution from some of their workflows. And I think we have that opportunity across some of our very large customers.

And then in the commercial segment, the mid-market and SMB segment, we're now competing more directly with some of our lower-priced competitors who have offered unlimited envelope packages. And not surprisingly, if you give people a competitive unlimited envelope offer from DocuSign versus a lesser branded, less well-featured product, then they choose DocuSign. And so, we're seeing really, really positive results and to the point where I expect that we will continue to broaden that rollout. So, overall, I -- I'm feeling quite good about our evolution and our response to competition on multiple fronts, as well as the broadening of our product road map that you alluded to in the first part of your question.

Tyler Radke -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Great. And, Blake, maybe a question for you on free cash flow. So, very, very strong here in the quarter relative to consensus expectations.

How should we be thinking about just, you know, free cash flow for the full year? Was there any one-time items in that number? And as you think about next year, what seems to be kind of an increased operational discipline, should we be thinking about free cash flow margins expanding kind of consistently with operating margin expansion? Just any way to think about that medium-term framework? Thank you.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So, yeah, you know, I'm really happy with the $240 million free cash flow that was generated this quarter. It's a combination of just ongoing strong operating results, but we also did have some working capital improvements that impacted that number. When you look at the cash flow statement, you're going to see there the changes in operating assets and liabilities.

And we've really had a strong improvement on the collection side on an ARR. And so, that's great. And so, that -- you know, it drives it. And then, you know, I said this in the prepared remarks, comparing the prior year can be a little tricky because of the ERP transition that happened in the prior year.

So, we had a more muted free cash flow generation number. But regardless of that, really excited about the free cash flow we got. Now, to your question on the yield, it was really strong, it was 34%. And, you know, while I'm a big fan of the working capital tailwind and I'm really proud of the team for the discipline and the improvements there, that can be something that's challenging, right, to pile onto every year going forward.

There's always some good working capital, you know, improvements you can make. But I think that if you think about this business in the long term, it's probably fair to assume that your free cash flow yield trends a lot closer to your operating margin yield. So, as long as you make operating margin improvements, you should be able to capture, you know, most of that right down to the free cash flow line. But then, also in this business, the beauty of this business from a free cash flow perspective is that if you can drive operating margin improvement and you can drive real accelerated billings growth because of the way our working capital works, your free cash flow generation can really accelerate.

And so, like -- and this is in a much -- over a much longer-term period that I'm talking about, but it is the power of this model, which is super exciting. And so, you know, I do think, though, like-I mean, I think in the span of time, you would think free cash flow yield should trend closer to your operating margin yield. Now, we've been -- we've done better than that in free cash flow -- pretty significantly better than that in free cash flow this quarter, but it's mostly in the back of those working capital improvements -- or not mostly, but a large chunk of it. And so, you have to be, you know, cautious about assuming that you're going to expand on those every quarter.

Tyler Radke -- Citi -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Karl Keirstead with UBS. Please proceed with your question.

Karl Keirstead -- UBS -- Analyst

OK. Great. I'd love to go back to the comment when you were describing the puts and takes on the vertical side when you mentioned that fins felt a little bit more pressured or impacted. Just curious, was that a comment about the more rate-sensitive mortgage-related transactions or was that a broader comment on fins? And I'm wondering if your fourth quarter guidance reflects any anticipation of the fins vertical stabilizing.

Thank you.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Maybe I'll just start, and then, Blake, you can add. Look, I think in terms of the mix impact of financial services, I think that's mostly behind us. But we have experienced that over the last several years, both on the mortgage side and the financial services industry, and we saw some -- you know, in the smaller banks, for example, that IT spend froze with all the turmoil in the spring.

You know, some of the very largest banks have also had, you know, particularly aggressive cost management efforts. But I'd say, overall, we've seen, you know, some modest recovery. It's still growing a little slower than the business overall, but trending better. And, you know, we'll see what happens with interest rates.

Our current forecast assumes that macro conditions continue as they are. I recognize there's this optimism they may get better. We'd love that, but we don't want to include that in our guidance.

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Just to follow up, my general philosophy is I don't make macro forecasts as a team because it's just -- like I think we joked about it earlier on the call, it's a hard business to get into. And so, we forecast to what we see. And so, if things were to change one way or the other, we would then have to -- we'd speak to that variance.

Karl Keirstead -- UBS -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Patrick Walravens with JMP Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Pat Walravens -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

Oh, great. And thank you -- or congratulations on the business turning here. It's great to see. So, Allan, how is DocuSign's relationship these days with Salesforce? Historically, I know it's been really strong.

The reason I ask is during Dreamforce this year, they had a session on Salesforce contracts and they sort of laid out the road map for Salesforce contracts where they have AI functionality coming in the spring and then obligation management in the summer and then redlining the year after that. So, I'm just wondering how are things with Salesforce.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

You know, I think our relationship with Salesforce is as strong as ever. We renewed our strategic partnership this summer. I was just over there meeting with one of the senior executives yesterday. It's a very healthy relationship at every level.

And, you know, we have probably more -- we have -- certainly have more Salesforce-enabled business than with any other software partner, and that includes other very large software companies. So, Salesforce has been a terrific partner, and they remain that. On the CLM side, yes, they certainly have a contract offering coming out. They previously offered that in their vertical products, and now, they're generalizing it somewhat.

I think that's -- the challenge is that the market is moving to a horizontal model, by which I mean two-thirds almost of all the CLM RFPs that we see are for cross-functional contract management. In other words, a single centralized contract management system across, let's say, procurement, front of the house, HR, etc., and that -- that'll just be hard for Salesforce or other even very large companies that are focused on one particular workflow or another. And so, I expect that we will continue to collaborate very closely with Salesforce on both the signature side and the CLM side. And I'm not too worried about the Salesforce contracts piece.

But never underestimate Salesforce. They're a fantastic company and partner.

Pat Walravens -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

That's super helpful. Thank you.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Kirk Materne with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your question.

Kirk Materne -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Yeah. Thanks very much. Allan, I was wondering if could you just double-click a little bit on the international opportunity. You called it out in the prepared remarks.

You know, is that largely, you know, sort of PLG-led right now, or are you thinking about sort of bringing more direct sales into play over in certain geographies? Can you just give us some sense of how you view that opportunity given you're obviously less penetrated outside the U.S.? Thanks.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. It's a -- it's actually a full omnichannel thing and it's very market context-specific. So, first of all, we have a substantial amount of direct sales teams deployed in some of the major international markets: U.K., France, Germany, Australia. And we service Canada, obviously.

Brazil, a meaningful-sized team there as well. And a smattering of folks in other markets. So, historically, that was our principal go-to-market model. We're now really balancing that across direct investment where we can put enough wood behind the arrow and there's enough return on that investment and then a combination of a digital motion, which we can obviously serve, you know, 180 countries that way, and then a partner motion in countries where we -- where it makes sense to lead with that.

So, we took a smaller developing market, let's say, it wouldn't make sense for us to put a direct sales team on the ground, but we wouldn't be able to fully exploit the opportunity strictly through a digital-only motion. And so, I think we have tremendous opportunity on both of those fronts, and we are seeing growth both in our digital channels, where international is growing faster than domestic; and in our direct channels, where it's growing faster than domestic. So, we'll continue on that. Just to return to a theme from prior calls, as we looked at prioritization and where we were really going to put additional investment, both from a direct sales standpoint but also in all the various supporting functions that are necessary to really have an effective go-to-market motion, we prioritized investing in Germany and Japan, which were markets that -- where we had some level of direct sales investment, but we hadn't invested as aggressively in marketing and back-office functions like legal and finance or in product.

And so, that has been a priority since the spring, and we're making really good progress in both of those markets. I mentioned last time, we opened our office in Munich. We have an office in Tokyo. We have launched localized products for several of those markets.

I mentioned the Japanese CLM product that we shipped there a couple of months ago. A lot of the Identity Verification stuff, and we're -- more stuff coming here shortly in that realm. Very targeted at the EU, in general, and Germany, in particular, And so, we are investing aggressively, I would say, in a direct sales motion in maybe our top 10 markets globally and then in a combination of partner and digital throughout other markets where we can. There'll be some very long-tail countries where we can only serve with the digital motions.

But that's how we approach it.

Kirk Materne -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Perfect. Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question is from Mark Murphy with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your question.

Sonak Kolar -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

Great. This is Sonak Kolar on for Mark Murphy. Thank you for taking the question. Allan, could you provide an update on any changes you may be seeing in the competitive dynamics for the e-signature market, particularly toward the lower-end market that you called out in the past? Just curious if there's a sense that DocuSign [Inaudible] are helping with the retention and competitive wins, particularly within those users of basic eSignature use cases.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I think the dynamic is as I've described it in previous quarters. I don't see a, you know, material change, So, you know, with larger clients, we may see local competitors in certain international markets like Adobe and some of them. And then the smaller clients, it's a smattering of a variety of names that are maybe less familiar.

And I think we're -- I'm not seeing any change in our win rates in competitive deals. And I'm cautiously optimistic with some of the initiatives I referenced earlier in terms of our new pricing and packaging that we are responding pretty effectively with both ends of the market. And then lastly, I just mentioned, at the very low end, if you will, where it's really being embedded in workflows, we've dramatically upgraded our solutions for ISVs to embed DocuSign and we've adopted a more flexible billing model that we refer to as pay-as-you-go. And that saw some very nice accelerated growth here since the launch in Q2.

So, on multiple fronts, I'm feeling like we're doing pretty well, and I'm not seeing a material change in the competitive dynamic.

Operator

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I would like to hand the floor back over to Allan Thygesen for closing comments.

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you. Thank you, operator, and thank you all for joining today's call. So, this quarter, DocuSign was especially effective at making progress on our product initiatives while balancing those investments with operational efficiency. So, we are continuing to build on our considerable scale as we expand beyond e-signature into intelligent agreement management.

Thanks for your time. Look forward to seeing all of you next quarter.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Heather Harwood -- Head of Investor Relations

Allan Thygesen -- Chief Executive Officer

Blake Grayson -- Chief Financial Officer

Jake Roberge -- William Blair and Company -- Analyst

Josh Baer -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Luv Sodha -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Brad Sills -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Michael Turrin -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Tyler Radke -- Citi -- Analyst

Karl Keirstead -- UBS -- Analyst

Pat Walravens -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

Kirk Materne -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst

Sonak Kolar -- JPMorgan Chase and Company -- Analyst

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