Editor's note: This article has been corrected. Starting at $200 per month when you're 20 and doubling that every 10 years, would put you at $1,600 per month when you are 50.
Financial freedom and a comfortable retirement don't have to be a pipe dream. By following a few simple steps, you can easily build a million-dollar stock portfolio capable of delivering a six-figure passive income stream.
How? One of the most important factors is time. The earlier you start investing, the more time you have to grow your money and benefit from the power of compounding.
Another crucial factor is consistency. You need to commit to making regular contributions to your investment portfolio and increase them as your income grows.
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A simple rule of thumb is to double your monthly contribution every 10 years. For example, if you begin investing at age 20 and put $200 a month into your portfolio, you should increase that amount to $400 a month when you turn 30. By the time you are 50, you should be investing $1,600 a month, and so on and so forth.
These Vanguard funds can get you where you want to go
But where should you invest your money? Although there are literally tens of thousands of options available, one of the best ways to build a cost, tax, and time-efficient portfolio is to use Vanguard's top three growth funds. These funds are:
Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VOO 1.00%): This fund replicates the benchmark S&P 500 index, which represents the 500 largest companies in the U.S. stock market. It is a low-cost and efficient way to gain exposure to the broad U.S. equity market and capture its long-term growth potential.
Vanguard Growth Index Fund (VUG 1.82%): This fund invests in large-cap stocks that have above-average growth prospects, such as technology, consumer services, and healthcare companies. It offers a higher upside potential than the S&P 500 index because of its heavier tilt toward technology and consumer discretionary stocks, but also higher volatility and risk.
Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund (VGT 1.72%): This fund focuses on the information technology sector, which includes companies that provide software, hardware, internet, and telecommunications services. It is one of the fastest-growing and most innovative sectors in the economy, but also one of the most expensive from a price-to-earnings ratio perspective.
How these funds can help you build wealth
By investing in these three funds, you can create a balanced portfolio that covers different segments of the market and offers both stability and growth. To illustrate how this strategy can help you reach your financial goals, let's assume that you invest in these funds according to the following allocation:
- Vanguard 500 Index Fund: 50%
- Vanguard Growth Index Fund: 25%
- Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund: 25%
Let's also assume that you follow the rule of doubling your monthly contribution every 10 years, starting from $200 a month at age 20. And let's assume that these funds perform as they have done in the past 10 years, but with a 40% safety margin to account for possible fluctuations and lower returns in the future. In other words, we will use the following expected annualized returns over a 42-year period for each fund:
- Vanguard 500 Index Fund: Risk-adjusted return of 7.2%.
- Vanguard Growth Index Fund: Risk-adjusted return of 8.34%.
- Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund Risk-adjusted return of 11.6%.
Using these assumptions, we can calculate how much your portfolio would be worth pre-tax at different ages. Here are the results:
- At age 30, your portfolio would be worth $37,820.
- At age 40, your portfolio would be worth $164,660.
- At age 50, your portfolio would be worth $538,853.
- At age 55.5, your portfolio would cross the $1 million mark.
- At age 60, your portfolio would be worth $1,585,347.
- At age 62, your portfolio would be worth $1,913,785.
By starting early, investing consistently, and using Vanguard's top three growth funds, you can achieve a seven-figure stock portfolio by your mid-50s and nearly double it by your early 60s.
How about retirement income?
Instead of living off of your stocks, the best strategy is to convert these funds into a mix of assets that yield an average of 6% per year in aggregate, such as bonds, real estate investment trusts (REITs), dividend stocks, and annuities.
To do so, you will likely have to take a 15% capital gains tax from selling these funds (depending on a whole range of factors), leaving you with somewhere in the area of $1,733,411 in net proceeds (very rough estimate). This sum would generate a pre-tax monthly income of $8,667 at the above rate.
Combined with social security benefits (assuming an average monthly payment of $1,767) and income from your bond portfolio (assuming a 90:10 stock-to-bond ratio over 42 years), you could reasonably expect a gross monthly income of $10,598 per month at retirement. Cost of living adjustments to social security in the decades ahead would likely boost this amount even further.
That's more than enough to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle in retirement. Of course, these numbers are based on historical data and projections that may not reflect future reality. There are numerous factors that can affect your investment returns and retirement income, such as inflation, market volatility, taxes, fees, expenses, and personal circumstances.
Key takeaway
The main takeaway from this example is that you can achieve financial independence by following a simple and proven formula: start investing early, make regular contributions, and use Vanguard's top three growth funds. If you do that, you will be well on your way to hitting the seven figure mark in your stock portfolio and subsequently building a sizable passive income stream to enjoy your golden years.
