How AI Is Changing the Retail Industry

Following the launch of ChatGPT, artificial intelligence (AI) has been sweeping the business world, and big changes are happening with AI in retail.

The retail industry is always evolving according to customer demand and available technology. It's gone from brick-and-mortar to e-commerce to omnichannel, and artificial intelligence is helping retailers improve their operations in a number of ways, including demand forecasting, pricing, and recommendations, to use three of the more prominent examples.

Amazon (AMZN 2.94%) has long embraced AI across its business lines, including e-commerce, and other large retailers, like Walmart (WMT 0.42%) and Target (TGT 2.49%), have followed suit.

Increasingly, retailers are looking to AI to gain advantages through cost management and learning more about how customers engage with their products. In this look at AI in retail, we'll discuss AI, its role in retail, and a number of applications for it in the retail industry.

What is it?

What is artificial intelligence?

AI is the ability of computers and machines to perform tasks that generally require human intelligence. This includes formulating answers from disparate pieces of information, recognizing a pattern, and applying it elsewhere.

One of the most common AI applications is machine learning, or the training of an algorithm to recognize something like a part of the body or the difference between a man and a woman. Many AI applications used in retail fall under the category of machine learning since making predictions is a key part of how retailers use technology.

However, retailers are likely to embrace AI in more ways as it evolves in areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.

Five uses

Five uses of AI in retail

1. Demand forecasting

Demand forecasting is one of the most common applications of AI in retail. Understanding which customers want specific products and where they want them is key to helping retailers manage the supply chain, optimize inventory levels, and avoid markdowns.

Demand forecasting is valuable enough that Nike (NKE 0.4%) acquired AI start-up Celect for $110 million in 2019 to help it better understand consumer demand in real time. As AI algorithms become more powerful, more companies are likely to use AI tools to embrace the power of demand forecasting and better understand their customer base.

2. Recommendations

Another popular way to apply AI in retail is through recommendations. For example, when you buy something on Amazon, the website will suggest other things based on your past order history, user profile, and other details that AI algorithms process and combine to provide the best answer.

Most online retailers are also using some form of recommendation AI to improve the customer experience and sell more products to customers. That same recommendation engine can also determine, based on past orders and searches, what products you're shown when you go to a site like Amazon.

Absent the natural cross-selling benefits of a brick-and-mortar store, online retail uses AI to accomplish similar things, as retailers don't want to miss an opportunity to upsell a product or recommend a complementary add-on.

3. Cashier-less technology

Retailers are experimenting with ways to ring up customers more efficiently. Self-service registers are the most common technique for automating the checkout process and eliminating lines. However, Amazon has moved in a different direction with its Just Walk Out technology.

Using a series of cameras on the ceiling, this AI-based system tracks what customers pull off the shelves. It then automatically charges them via an app when they walk out of one of its Amazon Go stores, forgoing the need to stop and pay.

Amazon now has the technology in 23 Amazon Go convenience stores, but it recently removed its Just Walk Out technology from its Amazon Fresh supermarkets to test its smart cart technology. The company is now focused on licensing its Just Walk Out technology to more than 120 third-party retailers by the end of the year, opening up a valuable new revenue stream.

4. Automated Inventory Management

Inventory management is a crucial task for any retailer. Companies need to make sure they have products in stock without having too much inventory, which can lead to extra management costs and markdowns.

Walmart, for example, uses AI technologies to help it better manage its inventory. That includes attaching cameras to floor scrubbers that record inventory levels on shelves and send the information to an AI-powered data center, which in turn helps the company make better decisions about its inventory.

The so-called inventory intelligence towers take more than 20 million photos of the merchandise on the shelves daily. AI algorithms receive the images and, with more than 95% accuracy, determine the individual brands on the shelves and the inventory levels, helping Sam's Club ensure it can keep items in stock.

Additionally, Walmart has introduced new conversational AI technologies, like voice ordering, to help customers make online orders. It also provides an AI assistant in stores to help employees find items.

5. Customer sentiment analysis

As consumer-facing brands, retailers' reputations with the general public are important for long-term growth prospects. So, it makes sense that they would invest in AI technologies for customer sentiment analysis.

Customer sentiment analysis means using AI algorithms to analyze customer feedback, social media posts, and online reviews to measure customer sentiment, respond to complaints before they worsen, and generally identify areas for improvement.

Anheuser-Busch (BUD -0.41%) isn't a retailer, but the recent controversy around Bud Light shows why retailers invest time and money into managing their brands and monitoring social media accounts. AI can not only help monitor these accounts but also provide suggested responses to complaints -- thanks to generative AI -- and even respond to them if permitted.

Expect retailers to lean into these AI tools to manage customer relations and put out fires as they arise.

Related investing topics

Is AI the future of retail?

AI is already influencing retailers, but it's mostly taken place behind the scenes. While generative AI tools like ChatGPT may offer new ways for retailers to engage with customers, the influence of AI in retail seems likely to remain behind the scenes, especially for brick-and-mortar players.

Still, there are many ways that AI can help these retailers improve their businesses, including through inventory management, product optimization, and demand forecasting. As Amazon experiments with the technology, we should see more examples of AI in online shopping.

If you're looking for ways to get exposure to AI in the retail industry, you can consider the stocks above. Alternatively, you can check out this list of AI stocks or look to an AI exchange-traded fund (ETF) if you'd like to own a broad range of companies using AI in their businesses.

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