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Moody's Corp (MCO -0.25%)
Q4 2019 Earnings Call
Feb 12, 2020, 11:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day, and welcome, ladies and gentlemen, to the Moody's Corporation Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2019 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I will now turn the conference over to Shivani Kak, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Shivani Kak -- Head of Investor Relations
Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us on this teleconference to discuss Moody's fourth quarter and full year 2019 results as well as our outlook for full year 2020. I'm Shivani Kak, Head of Investor Relations. This morning, Moody's released its results for the fourth quarter and full year 2019 as well as our outlook for full year 2020. The earnings press release and a presentation to accompany this teleconference are both available on our website, at ir.moodys.com. Ray McDaniel, Moody's President and Chief Executive Officer, will lead this morning's conference call. Also making prepared remarks on the call this morning is Mark Kaye, Moody's Chief Financial Officer. During this call, we will also be presenting non-GAAP or adjusted figures.
Please refer to the tables at the end of our earnings press release filed this morning for a reconciliation between all adjusted measures mentioned during this call and GAAP. Before we begin, I call your attention to the safe harbor language, which can be found toward the end of our earnings release. Today's remarks may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In accordance with the act, I also direct your attention to the Management's Discussion and Analysis section and the risk factors discussed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in other SEC filings made by the company, which are available on our website and on the SEC's website. These, together with the safe harbor statement, set forth important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any such forward-looking statements.
[Operator Instructions] I'll now turn the call over to Ray McDaniel.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thanks, Shivani. Good morning, and thank you, everyone, for joining today's call. I'll begin by summarizing Moody's fourth quarter and full year 2019 financial results and provide an update on the execution of our strategy. Mark Kaye will then follow with further details on our results and comment on our outlook for 2020. After our prepared remarks, we'll be happy to respond to your questions. I'd like to start with a few highlights. First, Moody's achieved 16% revenue growth in the fourth quarter of 2019, with Moody's Investor Service rebounding from the market disruption we experienced in the prior year period, as well as strong organic performance from Moody's Analytics, which delivered double-digit growth for the fourth consecutive quarter. Second, in the fourth quarter of 2019, adjusted operating margin of 45.3% was up 30 basis points as compared to the prior year period. Next, we are pleased to introduce our full year 2020 adjusted diluted EPS guidance range of $9.10 to $9.30. This guidance includes the expected dilutive impact of the Regulatory DataCorp, or RDC, acquisition as well as projected share repurchases of $1.3 billion. With the announced RDC acquisition, we continue to expand our risk assessment offering, helping an increasingly wide range of customers make better decisions.
The combination of RDC's compliance data with Bureau van Dijk's capabilities positions Moody's to become a leader in the know your customer, or KYC, standards. And finally, I'm pleased that Moody's has continued to enhance its sustainability, engagement and disclosure as a corporation and to invest in important new ESG tools for our customers. I'll talk more about the work we are doing and the progress we are making in these areas shortly. During the full year -- during full year 2019, Moody's achieved a 9% revenue growth driven by 13% and 6% increases in MA and MIS revenues, respectively. Moody's adjusted operating income of $2.3 billion was up 8%. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 12% driven by strong business performance. Moving on to fourth quarter 2019 results. Robust performance across both business segments contributed to a 16% revenue increase for Moody's overall, with 21% growth in MIS and 10% growth in MA. Moody's adjusted operating income of $559 million was up 17% from the prior year period. Strong revenue growth, combined with ongoing cost discipline, drove 60 points of organic adjusted operating margin expansion. This was partially offset by a 30 basis point combined impact from acquisitions and the divestiture of Moody's Analytics Knowledge Services or MAKS.
Adjusted diluted EPS of $2 was up by 23%. Over the course of 2019, credit market sentiment became more positive. This was especially evident in the fourth quarter in comparison to the significant market disruption experienced in the prior year period. Favorable progress on certain overarching geopolitical concerns as well as generally benign macroeconomic backdrop with accommodative stances from central banks allowed for low benchmark rates, tight spreads and active debt capital markets activity. Notably, high-yield bond issuance improved substantially following a period of minimal activity in December of the prior year. I'd like to spend a moment discussing another active sector, U.S. public finance, where MIS saw rated issuance grow by 84% in the fourth quarter versus 2018. The favorable low rate environment incentivized public entities to issue taxable bonds as a source of refunding as lower benchmark rates offset tax disadvantages. This resulted in levels of issuance not seen since the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted at the start of 2018. We expect the tight credit spreads and low benchmark rates will continue to support elevated refinancing activity in 2020, which Mark will discuss shortly. Our capacity to operate successfully in the capital markets depends on our ability to provide trusted insights and standards that help decision-makers act with confidence.
To that end, our performance and historical rank ordering drives investor demand for our credit ratings. We remain focused on analytical expertise and robust credit methodologies to provide predictive, predictable and transparent ratings. As you know, our strategy is focused on continuing to enhance our core ratings and Analytics businesses while expanding our risk assessment capabilities into adjacent product areas and across new geographies. On that note, I'd like to take a few minutes to review our recently announced acquisition of RDC and highlight our presence in the Chinese market. Starting with RDC. As I mentioned earlier, the acquisition provides Moody's with a strong leadership position in the know your customer market. RDC has a specialized and unique dataset of over 11 million curated profiles on individuals and is expected to act as an accelerator for Bureau van Dijk's already fast-growing set of compliance products. Together, they will offer more efficient, one-stop customer solution that otherwise would be time intensive and costly to build. Together, on a pro forma basis for 2019, Bureau van Dijk's compliance products and RDC generated sales of approximately $150 million. We expect this figure to more than double by 2023. In addition, their combined capabilities have the opportunity to establish a global assessment standard for a market that was worth $900 million as of 2019. This market has been growing at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 18% over the last five years.
We're very excited about the future opportunities the RDC acquisition presents and its alignment with Moody's core purpose of bringing clarity, knowledge and fairness to an interconnected world. Moving to China. I want to first note that we are obviously following developments relating to coronavirus very closely and have been working to ensure that we are supporting our teams in impacted areas. Our main concern is for the health and safety of the local populations and our employees. In spirit, The Moody's Foundation has donated to Give2Asia, a nonprofit organization serving health needs in the area to combat the spread of the outbreak. While the initial and most concerning impact is on human health, the risk of contagion could affect future economic activity in global financial markets. The immediate and most significant impact is in China itself. However, given its importance as the world's second largest economy, a broader slowdown is certainly possible. That being said, Chinese and other authorities have substantial policy tools at their disposal to mitigate the impact to global GDP. The situation remains fluid, and we will continue to monitor it actively. I'll next take a moment to discuss the U.S.-China phase one trade agreement. The development of the domestic Chinese market is an important driver of our long-term growth opportunity.
We are therefore pleased that China has taken important steps toward opening the market to credit rating agencies, and the bilateral trade agreement acknowledges in ensuring certain commitments which we support. Moody's views the trade deal as a positive for both Chinese and U.S. growth. MIS rates both the cross-border market and the domestic market through our 30% interest in CCXI, one of the largest domestic rating agencies in China. And as China's financial market continues to expand and deepen, we continue to explore ways to better serve customers and contribute to the development of that market. China-related revenues, including from cross-border activity for MIS and MA, totaled $176 million in full year 2019, up 17% from the prior year. In addition, Moody's attributable income from CCXI totaled $17 million in full year 2019, up from $15 million in the prior year. Before I turn this over to Mark, I'd like to highlight some of the key initiatives that we have undertaken that underscore our commitment to our stakeholders and to a sustainable future. We joined the UN Global Compact, or UNGC, initiative and enhanced our voluntary ESG-related disclosures in our securities filings, consistent with guidelines from the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board and recommendations from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. These disclosure enhancements are well recognized by the -- were well recognized by the FTSE4Good and Bloomberg Gender-Equality indices for which Moody's satisfied the requirements for inclusion for the first time.
On the business front, we made strategic investments in our ESG risk assessment capabilities, which are becoming increasingly important to investors and other stakeholders. In 2019, Moody's acquired majority stakes in Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven. We have now integrated data from Four Twenty Seven with research from MIS and the REIS Network in MA. In addition, Moody's acquired a minority stake in SynTao Green Finance, which provides ESG data and ratings to the Chinese market. We believe that these investments enable us to offer our customers a more holistic Moody's product suite, which our customers continue to recognize as industry leading. Employee diversity and inclusion remain integral to our culture and essential to our future growth prospects. 2019 was yet another strong year for third-party recognition of our achievements in this area. We continue to work toward the goal of embedding our CSR strategy and mindset throughout our communities, and I'm pleased to report that Moody's was verifiably carbon neutral during 2019. In 2020 and beyond, we will continue to differentiate, evolve and demonstrate thought leadership in these areas.
I will now turn the call over to Mark Kaye to provide further details on our fourth quarter performance and our outlook for 2020.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Ray. For MIS, fourth quarter revenue was up 21% from the prior year period and above the 18% increase in overall debt issuance due to a favorable mix from infrequent corporate and financial institution issuers. As a result of this favorable mix, transaction revenue increased 31%. As Ray mentioned earlier, MIS also benefited from strong U.S. public finance issuance, including increases in refunding supply and taxable transactions. Strong business performance and cost discipline resulted in 130 basis points of constant dollar organic adjusted operating margin expansion, partially offset by 50 basis points from acquisitions. MA continued to deliver double-digit revenue growth driven by strong contributions from the RD&A and ERS lines of business. As Ray mentioned earlier, MA has now delivered organic double-digit growth in the last four consecutive quarters. RD&A revenue grew 12% driven by credit research and data feeds as well as strong demand for Bureau van Dijk products, specifically compliance and know-your-customer solutions.
On an organic basis, RD&A delivered double-digit revenue growth of 11%. In ERS, revenue grew 20% for the quarter or 16% organically, led by strong demand for credit assessment and loan origination solutions and products that enable compliance with new accounting standards for banks and insurers. Our RiskFirst acquisition also contributed to this growth. In the fourth quarter, the MA adjusted operating margin decreased 160 basis points primarily due to severance and divestiture-related expenses. On a trailing 12-month basis, constant and organic adjusted operating margin expanded by 180 basis points, partially offset by a 40 basis point contraction from acquisitions. We remain disciplined in managing expenses to drive strong operating performance. In the fourth quarter, total operating expenses increased 7% primarily due to incentive compensation and operating expenses attributable to acquisition and the MAKS divestiture completed within the last year. These were partially offset by savings from the restructuring program.
For the full year 2019, total operating expenses increased 10% primarily due to higher incentive compensation, operating expenses attributable to acquisition, the MAKS divestiture and the restructuring charge. Turning to Moody's full year 2020 guidance. Moody's outlook for 2020 is based on assumptions about many geopolitical conditions and macroeconomic and capital market factors. These include, but are not limited to, interest and foreign currency exchange rates, corporate profitability and business investment spending, mergers and acquisitions, and the level of debt and capital markets activity. These assumptions are subject to uncertainty, and results for the year could differ materially from our current outlook. Our guidance assumes foreign currency translation at end-of-quarter exchange rates. Specifically, our forecast reflects U.S. exchange rates for the British pound of $1.31 and for the euro of $1.11. Slide 19 outlines a variety of drivers we considered when setting our 2020 guidance. In particular, for MIS, we believe that stable economic fundamentals with GDP growth of 1.5% to 2% in the U.S. and 1% to 1.5% in Europe will underpin global debt issuance.
Relatively tight credit spreads and low benchmark rates should support a favorable issuance mix with elevated financing and opportunistic activity. For MA, research and data feeds as well as Bureau van Dijk will drive RD&A revenue performance. Growth in ERS will persist, benefiting from demand for IFRS 17 products and contribution from the RiskFirst acquisition. The core business, plus the MAKS divestiture, will support strong adjusted operating margin expansion for MA in 2020. Our investments in RDC and other recent acquisitions are expected to create margin headwinds in the short term. I'd also like to highlight that starting with the first quarter of 2020, we will no longer report professional services as a separate line of business. Instead, Moody's Analytics learning solutions will be reported as part of RD&A. Moody's full year 2020 financial performance will benefit from the $60 million in run rate savings from the restructuring program, which will enable improvement to the 2020 adjusted operating margin. We have identified approximately $30 million of additional expense efficiencies in 2020 that will fund like-amount growth initiatives such as ESG, China and enabling technologies. We anticipate that Moody's revenue will increase in the upper end of the mid-single-digit percent range and that operating expenses will grow in the low single-digit percent range.
The full year 2020 adjusted operating margin is forecast to be in the range of 48% to 49%. We are targeting net interest expense to be between $180 million and $200 million. The full year effective tax rate is anticipated to be in the range of 20% to 22%. Diluted EPS and adjusted diluted EPS are forecast to be in the range of $8.60 to $8.80 and $9.10 to $9.30, respectively. Free cash flow is expected to be in the range of $1.7 billion to $1.8 billion. For additional guidance, please refer to Table 12 of our earnings release. In 2020, we plan to return more than $1.7 billion of capital to our stockholders through approximately $1.3 billion of share repurchases and more than $400 million in dividends. We are expecting free cash flow to be approximately equivalent to adjusted net income, similar to 2019. Today, we are announcing that Moody's Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.56 per share of Moody's common stock, a 12% increase from the prior quarterly dividend of $0.50 per share. This dividend will be payable on the 18th of March to stockholders of record at the close of business on the 25th of February.
This increased dividend is in line with our target dividend payout ratio of 25% to 30% of adjusted net income. In 2020, we forecast global debt issuance to be approximately flat as supportive conditions for refinancing activity are expected to be offset by moderating global economic growth and M&A. The charts on the right shows our forecast for 800 to 900 new mandates, in line with 2019. For MIS, we expect total revenues to increase in the mid-single-digit percent range as strong execution of our strategy enables revenue growth despite flat issuance in first-time mandates. The MIS adjusted operating margin is anticipated to be 58% to 59%. For MA, we forecast total revenue to grow in the high single-digit percent range given strong sales growth across the research and data feeds businesses as well as ERS and Bureau van Dijk, further bolstered by the RDC acquisition. We expect the MA adjusted operating margin to expand over 200 basis points to approximately 30%, inclusive of the impact of the RDC acquisition.
Before turning the call back over to Ray, I would like to emphasize a few key takeaways. We continue to execute a strategy that is driving Moody's evolution into a globally integrated risk assessment company helping customers make better decisions. The acquisition of RDC is another important strategic step forward in this regard, strengthening our position in the large and fast-growing KYC market with potential for significant upside. Core business strength, disciplined investment and cost management will support continued revenue growth and margin expansion in 2020. Finally, consistent with prior years, we are committed to being good stewards of capital and anticipate returning more than $1.7 billion to our stockholders in 2020.
I will now turn the call back over to Ray for his final remarks.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mark. I'd just like to remind everyone that Moody's will be hosting its next Investor Day on March 11, 2020, here in New York City. The event, which will be webcast live, will feature presentations from management and showcase important aspects of the company's business. Please contact the Investor Relations team if you'd like additional information about this event. And finally, listed on this slide are the conferences that we expect to attend in the next few months, in Orlando, London and New York City. Please contact your bank representative to request a meeting with Moody's management at these events. This concludes our prepared remarks. And joining Mark Kaye and me for the question-and-answer session is Rob Fauber, our Chief Operating Officer.
We'd be pleased to take your questions. Operator?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Manav Patnaik with Barclays.
Manav Patnaik -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thank you. Good afternoon, almost afternoon to you guys. The first question is just on the ESG side that you had this slide with all the initiatives. And I get what you're doing on -- for your own, I guess, corporate annual. I mean, you've acquired a lot of the data assets that I think helped the credit rating side, which has been doing that for a while. So I was just curious, what else should we be looking forward to in terms of incremental revenues in terms of your ESG efforts down the road?
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. I'll let Rob tackle this. Rob, please?
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. Sure. So just to give you a sense of kind of where we are from a revenue perspective with ESG, we're generating somewhere between $15 million to $20 million in revenues there. Unlike some other companies that are in that ESG space, we don't have an index business to help us monetize our ESG content. So really, we see the opportunity across two broad customer segments. It's really issuers on one hand and investors and financial institutions on the other. And we're leveraging the content from the Vigeo Eiris and Four Twenty Seven businesses that we've acquired and integrating that also across a wide range of offerings in MA. Maybe just to talk about the issuer side for a second. So we're seeing some real ongoing growth in what we call the labeled bond market. This started as the green bond market and has evolved to kind of a broader sustainability bond market. We think that market is going to hit something like $400 billion in issuance this year, and that's up almost 25% from 2019.
And through Vigeo Eiris, we offer something called the second-party opinion on labeled bond issuance for issuers, and we did something like 120 of those last year. So I think it's one of the world leaders in that space, and we're further making some refinements to that offering. Through VE and Four Twenty Seven, we've got a few other offerings for issuers, sustainability ratings, sustainability-linked loan assessments, and we're working on rolling out a climate assessment for issuers. And then over that second segment I talked about, investors and financial institutions, we've got ESG ratings on something like 4,700 publicly listed companies, climate risk scores and over 1 million facilities. We're selling that to people for portfolio construction monitoring. And we're also now, as I said, integrating that content into our MA offerings, and we're seeing demand from data feeds, green stress testing, fiscal risk scores on our REIS platform that we just mentioned, even ESG training. So a number of ways that we're looking to monetize all those.
Manav Patnaik -- Barclays -- Analyst
All right. Got it. That's helpful. And then, Ray, in your comments around China, you referred to the trade agreements and so forth. Does that change your strategy in terms of partnering with CCXI or maybe going back our after your own license in terms of in the domestic side of things?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. The -- as I said, the trade agreement, we view it as very positive certainly for the financial services sector and the opening of the financial service sector. We think that's a positive for us. It's also -- should be a positive for the Chinese market. What it does is it really codifies and clarifies that we have some different options in that market. We can pursue a license. We can continue with our joint venture in CCXI. And we could think about changing our ownership position in CCXI. That was made clear in the trade agreement. So what we're doing is evaluating those options. As I've said in previous calls, we are very pleased with the position that we have in CCXI. It has been a very successful business to date. And so I think the greatest likelihood is that we will want to continue with CCXI and see what our joint venture partner would like to do as far as our combined future.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And then just to add a couple of numbers around that, 30% ownership in the leading rating agency, CCXI, which has, just a reminder, a little over 700 employees and 1,500 customer relationships. We estimate that CCXI had around a 42% share of a $280 million single-rating domestic market in 2019. That was up slightly from the 39% in 2018.
Manav Patnaik -- Barclays -- Analyst
Well, Thank you guys.
Operator
Your next question will come from Michael Cho with JPMorgan.
Michael Cho -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Hi, how are you doing? Thanks for taking my question. My first question is just around the Moody's Analytics margin guide. I was hoping -- you touched on this in the opening commentary, but I was hoping you could provide a bit more commentary around the MA margin progression from 2019 to the 2020 guide. I guess I'm thinking about core operating leverage, investments and dilution from impact -- the dilution from acquisitions, balancing those kind of variables.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Michael. This is Mark. I'll start maybe with 2019 and then I'll move forward to 2020. So for 2019, certainly in the fourth quarter, we did report a decrease in margin of 160 basis points during the quarter. It's important to note that the margin itself would have been more than 250 basis points higher in the quarter if we excluded incentive compensation and severance expenses over and above the prior year period. And nonetheless, we like to look at MA's margin typically on a trailing 12-month basis. And for 2019, we did see an increase of 140 basis points from 26.4% to 27.8%. It's worth noting that, that 140 basis point increase included a headwind of approximately 40 basis points from the inorganic acquisitions we did in 2019.
And so we really saw a run rate of around 180 basis points, so call it approximately 200 basis points or so in 2019. If we step forward to 2020, what we're expecting to see is on a constant dollar organic growth rate increase of around 260 basis points for the MA fully allocated margin, and that would put us approximately 30 basis points. As a management team, it's also worth noting that, that includes around 50 basis points of headwind from ongoing investments in the business. So not only are we able to grow margin consistently across the business, we're also able to invest in the business in terms of improving our profile.
Michael Cho -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you. That's great color. I just wanted to pivot slightly around for regulatory data. I saw that you mentioned about $150 million of pro forma revenues, looking to double in three years. I mean so I guess how fast is regulatory data revenues growing today? And is there something that gives you so much confidence to double that in a few years? Thanks.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Go ahead, Rob.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. So the combination of RDC and BvD, as we talked about, are really, we think, a very natural fit between two very well-established providers in the KYC space, and they have very complementary offerings. So together, we're going to have an integrated kind of end-to-end solution for customers that's got the people data, the entity data all from one provider. We think that's relatively unique in the market and has the potential to be really the -- ultimately the standard in the KYC space. So RDC, I think, has been growing generally consistent with what you've seen in terms of the market growth, but we think the combination and leveraging the sales capabilities and distribution that we've got at MA and BvD and particularly outside the U.S. as well are going to give us an opportunity to really support -- to support the growth there. The compliance solutions at BvD are the highest-growth product segment that we've got there. So we have a good experience in that segment already, and we think RDC is just going to further support that.
Michael Cho -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from Alex Kramm with UBS.
Alex Kramm -- UBS -- Analyst
Hi, good morning, everyone. Just wanted to -- I know you gave obviously guidance on the rating side and issuance, but maybe just discuss a little bit more what you're seeing right now and how you expect the year to shape out. I guess what I'm seeing so far this year is pretty good issuance strength and pretty good environment. But when I think about the second half, you have an election, you have some other uncertainties. So just wondering what you're hearing from corporates, is -- could this be a year of two halves? Or how are you thinking about the year on that for now?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I'll let Mark and Rob handle the bulk of this, but I just want to confirm, yes, we have seen a good issuance environment in January and early February even with the normal corporate blackouts that we have around this period. We expected it was going to be good market conditions in the fourth quarter have continued into the early first quarter. But as far as the look-forward, I'm going to let Mark and Rob tackle that.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Alex, given your question, I think what we'll do here is similar to what we've done in the past where I'll talk a little bit about issuance drivers that we're hearing from some of the banks, and then I'll turn it over to Rob to follow up with our internal viewpoint. Now starting with U.S. investment grade. The banks are seeing solid activity to start the year with an expectation that volumes will pick up once more corporates come out of the earnings blackout period. Now furthermore, spreads remain tight and the yield curve receptive. Also encouragingly, there are indications that some of the largest offshore cash hoarders, who have been mostly absent from the market in 2018 due to U.S. tax reform, are slowly starting to return to the market. Now despite a strong start to 2020 for U.S. investment-grade issuance, several factors are driving cautious full year outlooks from the banks.
These include a tough comparable or M&A-driven issuance, concerns around the economic impact of the coronavirus and potential volatility in the second half of the year stemming from the U.S. election cycle. Overall, the banks called for U.S. investment-grade issuance to be flat to down 5%. Similar to U.S. investment grade, the bank's outlook for U.S. speculative grade, issuance is mixed. While issuance filings for both fixed- and floating-rate U.S. speculative-grade debt has had a strong start to the year, banks expect an overall preference for fixed-rate issuance to emerge over the year driven by ongoing low benchmark rates and tight spreads. Now the banks also indicated that they see refinancing and M&A-driven issuance to be lower for U.S. speculative grade and that high-yield bond volumes in particular faced a relatively tough comparable to a strong 2019. Additionally, the banks noted broader macro uncertainty in the U.S. elections later in the year is also weighing on their forecasts.
They're calling for U.S. speculative-grade issuance to decline in the high single-digit percent range in 2020. Now turning to Europe. Feedback from the banks is that the investment-grade market is seeing similar but maybe more accentuated dynamics compared to the U.S., with tailwinds from the ECB's corporate bond purchases and low benchmark rates. Investment-grade dynamics or relative value dynamics in Europe continue to encourage a reversion issue, which comprise more than 1/4 of total investment-grade issuance in Europe last year. Note that in addition, ongoing political uncertainty, concerns around macroeconomic environment and lower expectations of the residual net investment hedge capacity for U.S. issuers are contributing to relatively conservative 2020 outlooks. As a result, the banks are expecting European investment-grade volumes decline between 5% and 10% for the year.
And then finally, interestingly enough, banks' expectations for European high-yields are slightly more constructive. Improved market sentiment around the easing of trade tension, dovish central bank policy and greater confidence in the speculative-grade M&A pipeline are offsetting fears around still weak economic data and the potential impact of the coronavirus. Now overall, banks are expecting European speculative-grade issuance to be largely flat, with stronger issuance from fixed-rate debt offsetting a slight decline in floating-rate issuance. And I'll hand it over to Rob to update you on MIS' 2020 issuance expectation.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. Okay. So just to kind of triangulate to what you heard from Mark in terms of our own issuance outlook and consistent with what we talked about on the earnings call back in the third quarter, we're looking at flattish issuance. That's inclusive of bank loans, and we think that bank loans will be down slightly in 2020. So our bond issuance outlook, I'd say, is up very modestly over prior year. Just kind of comparing and contrasting to what Mark just talked about from the banks. We're also thinking about the potential for a second half volatility due to the U.S. presidential elections. And I'd say that our view on M&A is that it's probably moderated a little bit versus what we were thinking four months ago or so, coming off some very elevated levels over the last couple of years, and we are starting to see -- you can see that in the forward calendar. So a little bit lighter M&A and LBO acquisition financing in the forward calendar.
Relative to the banks, actually we're a bit more positive in a few of the asset classes that Mark touched on. U.S. investment grade, I'd say we're a little bit closer to the high end of that flat to down 5% range. And by the high end, I mean closer to flat. U.S. leveraged finance, we think we're actually going to see some growth -- modest growth in U.S. high yield after what was a really strong year, obviously, in 2019, and that's supported by those tight spreads and what we think is going to be healthy refi activity. And probably on leveraged loans, pretty similar activity to last year. In Europe, again we're probably at the high end of those investment-grade estimates that Mark talked about, kind of down to 5% and down 5% to 10%. And I think we're going to see -- in leveraged finance, we're expecting to see some healthy growth in high yield, kind of offset with a kind of a decline in bank loans. And so that puts us at probably flattish in terms of European leveraged finance, which is pretty close to, I think, what the banks are calling for.
Alex Kramm -- UBS -- Analyst
Okay. Great. I'll ask a very quick follow-up on the same topic. In Europe, I mean, Europe issuance has been a little bit more anemic than the U.S. I think you said this yourself. And rates have been negative, which has been -- should have been favorable. But I guess what I'm trying -- what I'm wondering is you saw one country, Sweden, recently get off the negative rate. I mean has that changed anything in conversations? I mean I guess I'm hoping for maybe corporates seeing the bottoms are in and now let's go. Or is that a little bit too optimistic at this point? Any comments?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. As far as the influence of negative rates, obviously the intention is that, that is accommodative and encourages economic growth. But in fact, it seems to me that, that actually does present a drag because of what it does for business confidence. And so I think the very attractive borrowing conditions are encouraging refinancing, and they are supportive of opportunistic issuance activity, but they're really not contributors to companies thinking about it being time to invest in property, plant, equipment and business expansion. So I think overall, those largely offset, and that's what's driving the outlook for modest declines for European investment grade and flat for high yields. It's -- ends up being kind of a push, I think, actually.
Alex Kramm -- UBS -- Analyst
All right, that's helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question will come from Toni Kaplan with Morgan Stanley.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Thank you. So there's a lot of moving pieces in MA next year. I guess could you help us with what the organic growth rate implied in the guidance is for MA? And also, just with regard for -- to ERS, just given the past four quarters or so benefited from the SaaS transition, should we expect continued high levels of growth? Or does that start to fade a little bit now that you have lapped that?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Toni, this is Rob. So I think when we think about organically for MA, I think our guidance would have been -- for organic would be in the low double-digit range, so excluding the impact of M&A. Specifically talking now about ERS, and obviously, we had some very strong growth both in the quarter and for the year, that full year revenue growth was driven by very healthy demand for our credit assessment and loan origination products as well as our products for the IFRS 17 accounting solutions. And customers have continued to show a preference for purchasing hosted software instead of installed software. I know we've talked about that on some prior calls. That leads to a bit more steady revenue stream over time, and the subscription revenues for us like really kind of high teens for the year. Excluding the revenue related to some multiyear installed software subscription sales in 2019, the growth rates for ERS would have been in the low double-digit range for 2019. And that's probably the ZIP code of what we would expect for an ongoing run rate in the business, is somewhere in that low double-digit basis on an organic basis and probably around low teens when you include RiskFirst.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
That's very helpful. And then just on the free cash flow guidance. Maybe a little bit lighter than what we had expected, but net income a little bit higher. So just wondering if there's anything impacting the free cash flow conversion in 2020 that's contemplated in the guidance. Like anything to call out with regard to working capital or something else?
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Maybe a big place for me to start is really just to put things in context. So certainly, over the last five years, free cash flow exceeded more than 100% of our net income number. If I look at 2019 and 2020 and I start with the 2019 number of approximately $1.6 billion for free cash flow, that looks like a 9% growth rate to the midpoint of our 2020 guidance, which is $1.75 billion. However, there are two adjustments that are definitely worth considering to make it more of a comparable apples-to-apples viewpoint. And those relate to capital additions, which were relatively light in 2019 at $69 million vis-a-vis sort of the normal 100-ish run rate which we're expecting in 2020. And the second impact relates to incentive compensation. Now just a quick reminder here. 2018 incentive compensation is paid usually in the first quarter of the following year. So in this case, first quarter of 2019. And that amount was $169 million. For 2019, the incentive compensation is paid in the first quarter of 2020, and that amount is $237 million. So if you adjust for both capital additions and incentive compensation, the underlying growth rate in free cash flow is around 15%, which is higher than the adjusted EPS growth rate of 11% at the midpoint, and that's something we as a management team feel very comfortable with.
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Next question will come from Andrew Nicholas with William Blair.
Andrew Nicholas -- William Blair -- Analyst
Hi, Thanks for taking my questions. ESG continues to be a big topic, and you've spoken on both this in prior calls about the different things Moody's has done to incorporate ESG into your ratings process and the business more broadly. I'm wondering, as the industry continues to evolve and mature, what you view as the key areas of competitive differentiation between the largest players.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Rob?
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. So you're right. Just touching on the integration into credit ratings, I think we're continuing to focus more and more on ESG and climate factors both with our credit analysis and writing some very extensive research about that and leveraging the Four Twenty Seven and Vigeo Eiris content. So we think that, that presents an opportunity for us to really take a thought leadership position in the credit space around ESG and climate and really reinforce the relevance of that business. I talked a little bit earlier in that first answer about how I think we're going to monetize the ESG opportunity through both the issuer space and through what I'll call kind of that risk channel. Because if you think about MA, we've got a huge customer base of banks and insurance companies as well as fixed-income investors and commercial -- and now commercial property players who are coming to us and asking us for ESG and climate content.
As I said, we're able to sell data feeds. We're able to bundle that into stress tests and scenario analyses. We're able to do training around that. We're bundling them in the REIS platform. So there's a lot of ways, I think, we're going to be able to monetize that. And I see that banking and insurance customer base as a real competitive advantage for us, right? We have a huge installed customer base there. On the issuer side, as the ESG and climate solutions and these ratings and assessments become more and more important to companies, I think the companies are going to want to engage with companies like us, like we do in a credit rating process where you engage with us and the methodologies are transparent. And so I think that'll be a real opportunity for us because it leverages the model that we have in engaging with our issuers around the world.
Andrew Nicholas -- William Blair -- Analyst
Great. That's helpful. Thank you. And then I just want to touch quickly on structured finance. I think structured finance revenue declined year-over-year, which is a pretty big contrast to the results of your largest competitor in the quarter. Is there anything unique to call out there with respect to the fourth quarter, whether it be from a mix or a market share perspective? Thanks.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I'll let Rob start with this and see if there's anything else I can add.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. So let me -- so the decline in the fourth quarter structured revenue was almost -- due almost entirely to CLOs. So let me just touch on CLOs for a second and then a few of the other lines in structured finance. Around CLOs, this was primarily from lower MIS-rated CLO volumes. And we had market deal volumes that were down slightly on a year-over-year basis in the quarter. That continues a trend in the CLO market for the full year 2019 where we saw total deal volumes, by our count, down something like 10%. We're also seeing some headwinds in the CLO market given the wider liability spreads associated with the deteriorating lending standards for the underlying collateral on leveraged loans. In terms of coverage, when structured finance investor concerns about risks are lower, we sometimes see less demand for MIS rating, and that shows up in coverage over time.
We're seeing that in certain asset classes that include CLOs in the quarter given the current credit environment. Moving to a couple of the other asset classes. We saw some growth in U.S. RMBS. That growth in activity was spurred by pretty attractive spreads, and the ABS volumes and revenues were essentially flat. U.S. CMBS, which is another important line for us in structured, that revenue grew modestly. The deal activity was pretty robust in the quarter, weighted toward those single-asset, single borrower deals. And in general, 2019 was a pretty strong year for CMBS activity. But as we've -- I think we've talked about in the past, it's a particularly competitive rating market. Now Europe -- most have been talking about the U.S. Europe was down a bit. Again, CLO has been the main driver there.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And I just want to emphasize what Rob was saying in particular with respect to the very easy access to the capital markets that increasingly low-rated credits have had and in combination with a deterioration in loan covenant quality. It's causing us to think very carefully about what the underlying credit quality of assets going into the CLOs are, and we don't think that this is a point in time or a point in the credit cycle where a more liberal approach is really suited.
Andrew Nicholas -- William Blair -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question will come from Jeff Silber with BMO Capital Markets.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thank you so much. I know you don't provide specific guidance by quarter, but is there anything to kind of call out from a seasonal perspective? I'm more specifically interested on the margin side to help us model. Thanks.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark, anything on margins?
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Jeff, typically, there are two elements in the way that I'll think about this. It's sort of -- it's called above the line and sort of below the line because there's a seasonal element I definitely want to touch on for a minute related to tax. But if I try to think above the line at least for 2020, we do -- we are expecting better-than-expected or higher-than-expected revenue results certainly in the first half of the year vis-a-vis the same comparable period last year. And we're expecting slightly lower growth rates vis-a-vis revenue in the second half of the year just given the way that 2019 and 2020 are being developed. If I look to items below the line, I think the one item that I'll quote here relates to tax, and that's specifically because the bulk of excess tax benefits are recognized in the first quarter of every year because most of the restricted stock vet in the first quarter. And we are expecting excess tax benefits at full year 2020 at this point to be around $46 million compared to last year, which were around $44 million. And I think that's something that's worth taking into account as you think through maybe not margin but EPS seasonality for the year.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Great. That's very helpful. And I know you talked a little bit earlier about some of the potential uncertainty going into the presidential election, and I know it's way too early to call. But anything else from a political environment in terms of some of the proposals that are out there that could impact your business either positively or negatively over the course of the next few years?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Certainly, to the extent that some candidates have taken positions that might be less capital market or business friendly, we, like most businesses, would be impacted by that. I don't really want to comment on any individual's proposals or policy suggestions. But as any business would, we are paying attention to what the different candidates are saying about how they would govern if they were to be elected. So I know that's open-ended answer, but it's really a sort of a stay tuned answer.
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, fair enough. Thanks so much.
Operator
Your next question will come from George Tong with Goldman Sachs.
George Tong -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Hi, thanks. Good morning. You expect global debt issuance volumes to be flat in 2020, coming off of a relatively strong year in 2019. With net issuance growth moderating, what's the risk that pricing comes in softer in MIS, particularly among your high-yield and infrequent issuers?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
No. I don't see that as being a risk to our outlook particularly given the fact that we're looking at strong relationships with investment-grade issuers and high-yield issuers looking to refinance that opportunistic points in time are going to be most interested in getting to market. And so I don't think that our expectations around pricing being softer would be a realistic concern at this point. I would say that to the extent that issuance declined more than we are anticipating, some pricing relates to issuance. Some of it relates to monitoring fees and things of that sort. But some does relate to issuance. And so we're not immune in the pricing area from a downturn in absolute volume. So just to keep that in mind.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
And the other thing I'd add on to that, and that's also why we just keep investing back into the rating business, to support the relevance of thought leadership. I mean that's what you see with climate and ESG. We've recently started to roll out a portal for our issuer customers, which we've gotten very good feedback about. And all of that is about supporting the value proposition in terms of a relationship.
George Tong -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. Very helpful. And expect $60 million in gross cost savings in 2020 driven by your restructuring program. How do you expect these cost savings to be split between MIS and MA? And what initiatives do you have to further drive any margin improvement?
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. And maybe, I think, the most important point to make here or to emphasize here is that, that $60 million in run rate savings from the 2019 restructuring program are really what's enabling our 2020 adjusted operating margin improvement of over 100 basis points, keeping in mind also that MA is expected to grow slightly faster than MIS in 2020, we're talking high single digits versus mid-single digit. And MA obviously grows at a lower rate. It does naturally limit a little bit of the margin growth over the course of the year. The actual balance or split between the restructuring charges that we took in 2019 was pretty even between real estate and people-based action. I don't think there was a particular -- a strong line differentiator between the two segments. It's more between actions around individuals last year and real estate as well as ongoing efficiencies from M&A integration. And that's sort of the way I would think about it, George.
George Tong -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question will come from Craig Huber with Huber Research Partners.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Yes, thank you. I wanted to start off, if I could, on the cost side. Mark, what was the incentive compensation in the fourth quarter and for the year? And what I'm trying to get to here is your costs in the fourth quarter, taking out those onetime items you guys call out in your press release, was up $50 million from the first quarter. When you guys reported last time at the very end of October, you thought it would be up less than $10 million versus the first quarter. I would have thought at that stage you probably had a pretty good sense of what you thought incentive comp would be. We saw it was pretty well -- you layered a pretty good amount of incentive comp the first three quarters. So what changed so much that costs are up, say, $40-plus million versus what you thought at the very end of October? That's my first question.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. And let me start then maybe by providing the numbers, and I'll give a little bit of messaging around them. Incentive compensation for the fourth quarter of 2019 was $73 million. And that brought the full year total for 2019 to $237 million. Just a relative comparable to 2018, fourth quarter was $29 million and full year '18 was roughly $169 million. So if I take those incentive compensation numbers and look at total operating expenses on a quarter-by-quarter basis, they were up roughly 7%, vis-a-vis revenue for the quarter, which was up 16% vis-a-vis adjusted EPS, which was up 23%. And so incentive compensation was the primary driver of higher-than-expected expenses in the fourth quarter. A secondary driver was additional severance costs that we took in the fourth quarter. And if we exclude really those two drivers, we're very much in line with the guidance that we had given in the third quarter.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
How much more was that extra severance cost? I don't think I saw that in the press release. It must be in the material.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Additional severance costs that we took was approximately $14 million in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Okay, thank you for that. And then on the cost, as you think about the cost, Mark, for this new year, can you just talk a little bit about the cadence over the course of the year, how you think it may ramp up? I know you guys talked about costs for the whole year of low single digits, I believe. I assume it's going to be obviously down versus this big number you had in the fourth quarter. But how should this sort of play out over the course of the year, including the acquisition, of course?
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Maybe a good place to start here is with the expense ramp for the year. So we're expecting expense ramp guidance of somewhere between $20 million to $30 million from the first to the fourth quarter of 2020. Now we are giving guidance for 2020 operating expenses in the low single-digit range, and this is primarily because merit increases and hiring are benefited by the actions we took in 2019 through the restructuring program. Now the second thing I'll note is we do expect incentive compensation to return to more of a normalized level in 2020. So back to that approximately $50 million per quarter. And the last reason I'll give is that we are incorporating inorganic acquisitions into our cost guidance as part of that expansion ramp. So think, for example, RDC. That's really what is part of the reason driving that low single-digit for the year.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And just as a reminder, RDC has not closed yet. And so it is not part of the Q1 expense base yet. So that will be part of the ramp.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
And then also, Ray, if I could just quickly ask you. Your ratings transaction-related revenues were up 32%. Your main competitor was up 55%. It was interesting to me that your ratings transaction revenues for the fourth quarter were the third highest of the year. Lagging the second and third quarter was -- your main competitor was basically the -- it was the largest of the year in the fourth quarter. Other than your comments about structured finance, what else can you point us to with the variability there? I mean it's not normal that there's not much outperformance for one of you guys versus the other and stuff. But what happened in the fourth quarter?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think you've got it, Craig, in that I think it is attributable to structured finance and the fact that the bulk of structured finance revenues are transactional revenues.
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Your next question will come from Shlomo Rosenbaum with Stifel.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Hi, good morning. Thank you. Most of my questions have been asked. I just have a couple. Just -- it looks like the first month of the year was probably the best high-yield issuance at least for the last 20 years. And then on the flip side, the loans is probably the worst that we've seen in the last 20 years. When we see things like that, I know that loans are often just kind of a substitute, I mean, they're substitutes for each other. But how does that play out into your expectation over -- as you go through the course of the year? Are you expected them -- expecting them to kind of converge at some point in time when kind of the refi activity kind of plays its course with the lower interest rates? If you can just kind of comment on that.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I'll let Rob offer some additional color. But I think in a low rate environment like we're seeing and a -- with the yield curve being as flat as it is, we would expect the fixed rate to continue to be preferred. And so what we're seeing with the strength in high-yield bonds versus loans, I would expect to continue through the year. But Rob may have some additional color on that.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Not much to add. I think that's right, Ray. And maybe if we can also look at fund flows because that gives you a sense of investor sentiment. We had a solid year of fund outflows in leveraged loans last year. We have seen a few weeks of inflows in January. On the high-yield side, we've seen fund inflows for several weeks to start the year, again I think more investor sentiment kind of shifting, as Ray said, toward the fixed-rate instruments.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay. And then is there -- just maybe for Mark. You talked about some of the underlying growth in margin you expect in MA. Is there some commentary you want to give in terms of how that business is kind of shaping in terms of the mix of business within MA? And how we should think about more of the longer-term year-over-year growth opportunity given what seems to be a lot of headroom in terms of improving the margins over there.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Maybe I'll start just a little bit. I think Mark may have touched on this a bit where there's a good bit of kind of shift going on in the ERS business. And I think that's an important driver of what's going on is we're moving from that historical kind of traditional software licensing model with implementation services to much more of a kind of standardized product that's typically delivered in a hosted environment. And folks who are -- that means you've got it on the cloud and customers are subscribing to that product. So what we're seeing from customers is they're interested in that because it's more efficient and, in many cases, more cost effective for them, but it is for us as well. So we're continuing to see that trend in 2019. We think it will continue on into 2020, and that's, I think, a part of what you're seeing there.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And Shlomo, if I step back and I start to think holistically across the two segments. And here I'll focus maybe my comments a little bit on the adjusted EPS growth of 11%, so the midpoint of our range. The majority, I'll call it, 90% of that is really driven by performance in the underlying statements, either MA and MIS. There was a little bit of supplemental benefit from lower share count through our share repurchase program and certainly nonoperating income through management of our debt portfolio. But the point I wanted to highlight here is we are absorbing around $0.21 worth of margin dilution from the ongoing M&A and investment activity in 2020, and I think that's an important part of the story, that we're not only able to meet our expectations and growth through actions but also able to invest through the cycle and for the business.
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Your next question will come from Joseph Foresi with Cantor Fitzgerald.
Steven Chang -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Hi. This is Steven Chang coming on for Joe. I might have missed it somewhere before, but can you please provide some color on kind of the breakdown between U.S. and international revenue? I know you gave numbers around China specifically, but maybe some numbers on a broader level. And moving forward, I might have missed it on a press release, but should we no longer expect those numbers in the future?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Sure. Sorry. Go ahead, Mark.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So in terms of the mix of the U.S./non-U.S. revenue, we're a little bit around 50-50. It's obviously very different between MIS and MA but not materially so across periods of time. We certainly have removed specific U.S./non-U.S. guidance because of several reasons. First is geographic revenue mix has remained fairly stable over time. We also noticed that MCO is an outlier in providing geographic revenue guidance, and we really prefer to focus on those metrics that are used most often and most helpful to sell-side analysts and investors. We will continue to report the actual U.S./non-U.S. revenue mix in our Form 10-K and 10-Q, so you will be able to get it there. And as you probably know, very stable over time.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And just if you'd like to get the percentage split for 2019, for MIS, we were 40% international, 60% U.S. For Moody's Analytics, we were 58% international, 42% U.S. And then for the corporation overall, it was 47% international, 53% U.S.
Steven Chang -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Okay. Great. That's helpful. And just one quick one. I know this probably has been answered throughout the whole call, but I'm just looking at the 48% to 49% margin range. I know you talked about a good chunk of it coming from cost savings in the MA business, especially RDC, but just was wondering if there are any other factors baked into that 100 bps that maybe we should know about.
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think there are probably -- one point I'll reemphasize and then one point I'll add. Certainly, the relative growth rates of the segments does make a difference. And then the point I would add is that we have also as a management team identified around $30 million of 2020 expense efficiency that will fund the like-amount growth initiatives, which include ESG, China, KYC and some of the enabling technologies. So not just relying on past actions to support the margin but ensuring that we are being efficient as a team to support ongoing investments in the business.
Operator
Your next question will come from Bill Warmington with Wells Fargo.
Bill Warmington -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst
Good afternoon, everyone. So a question for you on the KYC space. Now that you've combined BvD and RDC and you've got about $150 million run rate in a $900 million market, who's really the competition there now? And with the RDC acquisition, do you have what you need to take share there?
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Rob?
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. So the primary players in the space, Refinitiv, LexisNexis, Dun & Bradstreet, I mean, there's a whole host of other players in the market, we do think that this gives us a very good offering in the market. As I talked about earlier, it's very, very complementary fit between what RDC has got and what we've got, and we think that, that's really going to be a good solution for the customers. The other thing I might make mention is they've got a very hard-to-replicate dataset at RDC. And part of the real value in that dataset is that it can be used to train these AI models. And the reason that's important is because those AI-powered solutions are going to be able to deliver some significant efficiencies to the customers. There's an enormous amount of spend and manual effort going on at financial institutions and corporations all over the world to comply with KYC. So we think these AI solutions are going to be a very compelling offering for customers.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And I'd just like to add that, that spend that Rob is referring to is on top of the $900 million market opportunity that we see. So there is -- there's a direct $900 million market and then there is a very large expense base that goes on top of that for firms that are trying to meet know your customer requirements.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Yes. There's the vendor spend and a very large -- much larger in-house spend at all these financial institutions that Ray is talking about.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Just one other thing I'd add. We talked about how complementary these datasets are, which they are. But it's also -- we see a very nice fit in terms of where RDC's geographic strength is, which is here in the United States, versus Bureau van Dijk, which has about 70%, 75% of its customer base coming from Europe. So the sales functions and the reach that we have for each of these businesses under a Moody's umbrella is now, for the first time, truly global for these firms.
Bill Warmington -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst
And for my follow-up, I want to ask an ESG question. And you've given us some good color today on the leading agencies and what you guys are doing specifically within ESG. I wanted to ask about how you're seeing competition from two other places: one, the index providers; and the second is the data providers who are then going direct to investment managers.
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
So the index providers, a natural space for them -- ESG is a very natural space for them, right, because they're able to build a whole suite of indices off of the ESG data and ratings. As I said, we don't have an index business, but what we do have is a very large customer base that I talked about in banks, financial institutions and insurance companies. And we're seeing demand there. So we think we're going to be able to monetize the ESG content a little differently than some of our competitors, who are going to be able to monetize it and are commercializing it very effectively in the index space. Look, data is very, very important. It's kind of the fuel to all of this.
But ultimately, we don't think -- I mean, I tend to think it's not just going to be a data market. I think there will be a need for insights and assessments. And as I talked about, the more important that these, if you want to call them, ESG ratings become, the more I think that the customers are going to want to engage with somebody around that rating or assessment. So that's my sense. So there will be a real need for data and data feeding investment managers for portfolio screening and selection and all that, but I think there is also going to be a need for insights.
Bill Warmington -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you very much.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Ray McDaniel for any additional or closing remarks.
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. I just want to thank everyone for joining. We will see some of you at our Investor Day, I hope, and we will be speaking with everyone again in the spring. Thanks.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 75 minutes
Call participants:
Shivani Kak -- Head of Investor Relations
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Mark Kaye -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Robert Fauber -- Chief Operating Officer
Manav Patnaik -- Barclays -- Analyst
Michael Cho -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Alex Kramm -- UBS -- Analyst
Toni Kaplan -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Andrew Nicholas -- William Blair -- Analyst
Jeff Silber -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
George Tong -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Craig Huber -- Huber Research Partners -- Analyst
Shlomo Rosenbaum -- Stifel -- Analyst
Steven Chang -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Bill Warmington -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst
