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Orion Engineered Carbons S.A. (OEC 1.53%)
Q4Â 2019 Earnings Call
Feb 21, 2020, 8:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Greetings. And welcome to Orion Engineered Carbons Fourth Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call.
[Operator Instructions]
As a reminder this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host Diana Downey, Vice President of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may now begin.
Diana Downey -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Orion Engineered Carbons conference call to discuss our fourth quarter 2019 financial results. I am Diana Downey, Vice President, Investor Relations.
With us today are Corning Painter, Chief Executive Officer, and Lorin Crenshaw, Chief Financial Officer. We issued our earnings press release after the market closed yesterday and have posted a Slide Presentation to the Investor Relations portion of our website. We will be referencing this presentation during this call.
Before we begin, I remind you that some of the comments made on today's call including our financial guidance are forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties as described in the company's filings with the SEC. Actual results may differ materially from those described during the call.
In addition, all forward-looking statements are made as of today, February 21, and the company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements based on new circumstances or revised expectations.
Also non-GAAP financial measures discussed during this call are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in the table attached to our press release.
I will now turn the call over to Corning Painter.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Diana. Good morning everyone, and thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter 2019 earnings conference call. I will start today's call by providing some general comments on our performance this quarter. Our CFO, Lorin Crenshaw, will then provide detail on our consolidated financial results and related matters for the quarter and full year. Then I'll come back to discuss the segments, 2020 guidance and share some closing comments. We will then open up the lines and be happy to take your questions.
Turning to Slide 3. During the fourth quarter, we delivered adjusted EBITDA in line with our guidance despite an economic backdrop that remained quite challenging. We finished the year strong and provided an excellent proof point of the resilience of our business. Orion was not public during the last major downturn, the 2008, 2009 time period. And therefore, investors don't have as many data points for us is to do for other industrial companies that have been public for longer.
As a result, it's important to extenuate periods like 2019, when we experienced a significant deep downturn in our key end markets, but proceeded to execute and delivered solid financial data points showcasing the resilience of our business. 2019 represented a good test for our team and our business. Orion executed well in the fourth quarter as well delivering adjusted EBITDA within our forecasted guidance range and strong cash flow from operations, while continuing to implement key initiatives to better position this company in this challenging macro environment.
The continuation of weak OEM auto dynamics and the evidence of tire manufacturers conservatively approaching year end contributed to the volume declines in the fourth quarter. However, favorable trends in price and mix helped offset some of the weakness. We delivered fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA of $63.2 million with Specialty at $31.8 million, Rubber Carbon Black at $31.4 million, and a full-year adjusted EBITDA of $267.3 million in line with our stated $265 million to $275 million range.
Furthermore, our operating performance drove strong cash flow generation allowing us to support our capital expenditure programs while still delivering a significant reduction in net debt. Overall, I'm proud of the way the global Orion team rallied to the end of the year strong and remain confident that Orion will emerge from this slowdown stronger and well positioned to take advantage of future growth opportunities.
Slide 4 shows how we position the business for the future by taking a number of key actions in 2019. First from a people perspective we streamlined our management structure eliminating approximately $5 million in cost on an annual run rate basis. At the same time, we added several highly skilled and experienced key executives. Specifically, we strengthened our Americas business with the addition of Pedro Riveros, our Global Operations function with the addition of Carlos Quinones, our HR function with the addition of Pat Tuttle, and we executed a smooth transition at the CFO level with the addition of Lorin to the team just a few months ago.
We also adopted a leaner management structure with leaders of our global business units now also taking regional responsibilities. The second action I'd like to highlight is the refinancing of our revolver at even more attractive rates. As a result of these efforts, we currently have no maturities until 2024 and financial covenants that provide substantial flexibility. With 2020 pricing negotiations now behind us, I can share that we were able to achieve meaningful Rubber price increases that will show up in our 2020 results and I will elaborate more upon this a bit later when I talk about the outlook for the new year.
However, reflecting on 2019, I'm pleased that we achieved the third consecutive year of progress in terms of taking steady steps in the right direction toward improving return on investment. A fourth notable accomplishment is the installation of differential surcharge mechanisms across the vast bulk of our 2020 Rubber volumes. We were also successful in installing surcharge mechanisms with Specialty volumes though to a lesser extent as in Rubber given the Specialty value orientated nature of this business.
Overall, these surcharges will significantly de-risk our business from a feedstock differentials, reducing earnings volatility in 2020 and beyond. And we are keeping with our long established general principle that we pass on both positive and negative developments in the pricing of feedstocks to our Rubber customers. In 2019, we successfully completed a substantial portion of the spend related to upgrading our pollution control technology to further reduce emissions at our North American manufacturing facilities in line with both the 2017 EPA consent decree, and with our core values of advancing sustainable operations and growth. Specifically, we spent roughly $51 million in 2019 toward this effort and have spent over $63 million since the effort began.
I'll share more on the next phases of our EPA spending when I discuss our outlook. But I'm pleased with the progress that we made in 2019. Since going public, we've been working toward rightsizing our production footprint, while we continue to remain diligent in reviewing our portfolio to identify underperforming assets, we consider our current footprint to be largely well optimized and are primarily focused on finding ways to expand our capacity and grow rather than reduce capacity further, whether that takes the form of the yield improvements, process improvements in terms of technology, de-bottlenecks or projects like the Ravenna expansion. The contribution margins of every extra kt we can squeeze out across our entire portfolio, both Rubber and Specialty, are quite attractive. So in the coming years, we will be looking for ways to drive the earnings potential of both of these businesses.
On the sustainability front, we took major strides in advancing our efforts in 2019. We published our first sustainability report which highlights key sustainability initiatives that are core to how Orion operates. We continue to take steps forward in sustainability by achieving major milestones, such as adding sustainability to the Board of Directors Nominating and Governance Committee, forming a separate management Sustainability Committee, and setting our first sustainability-related goals, to name a few. We are also investing in our commitment to the environment and to the economy of the communities in which we operate.
An example of this was the recent upgrades we made to our cogeneration facility in Qingdao, China, allowing us to produce more green energy alongside our carbon black lines in China by providing hot water to the district heating system displacing the use of about 20 kilotons of coal each year. Whether it's through our own business practices, contributing to sustainability through our products, partnering with neighboring communities or leadership across the supply chain, we are committed to advancing sustainable operations and growth, and we'll continue to drive these efforts forward.
Finally, we delivered a strong result from cash generation standpoint with cash from operations of $231.5 million and net debt down year-over-year to $609 million. Overall, as a result of executing on these seven actions in 2019, Orion enters 2020 quite well positioned and I salute the effort of our employees around the world who all played a role in making it happen. Throughout the year, I've indicated that I believe there are actions to be taken in every economic season.
On Slide 5, we list some of the key actions we took in 2019 to better position ourselves going forward including eliminating costs, focusing on our customers, driving new product development and launches, improving raw material recovery and improving our business model resilience through strong cash flow generation and net debt reduction despite weak economic conditions. By taking these and other actions, I am confident that we will emerge from the current slowdown stronger than before.
Turning to Slide 6, let me start by saying that capital allocation is one of the most critical jobs that of any CEO and is essential to ensuring that the future of this great business that I have the privilege of leading is even brighter than its past. With that in mind in 2019, we allocated capital in line with the focus principle manner we said we would. As we enter a New Year, it's a good time to remind our stakeholders what our capital allocation priorities are. First, we are committed to maintaining a strong balance sheet, which I define as maintaining net debt to trailing 12 months of adjusted EBITDA in the range of 2.0 to 2.5 as a steady-state leverage target. With that leverage target in mind, first and foremost, we will invest in must do safety, maintenance and continuity projects, totally unrelated to EPA-driven spending. These are projects that strengthen our foundation and ensure that our team members get home safely each day. We're privileged to be a part of the fabric of the communities where we operate in and we strive to be a trusted partner and industry leader in terms of public stewardship.
Our second priority is safely executing a must do U.S. EPA related investments that will allow us to meet each EPA compliant state between now and 2024 on time. As a reminder, the compliance schedule for these complex projects includes several deadlines in June 2020, April '21, December '22 and December '23 related to four distinct plant sites. We are currently in the field with the first two projects. In 2020, we will advance a more detailed design for the final two projects and are committed to executing this project safely and on-time in the coming years.
We recognize the dividend is an important source of value to our shareholders. As such, it is our third capital priority reflecting our commitment to returning value to shareholders by paying a stable dividend at current levels. We are extremely confident in the cash flows from this business being able to cover these capital allocation priorities in 2020 and beyond. Once our top three capital priorities have been fulfilled, you should expect us to fund high returning growth opportunities.
In the 18 months, that I've had the pleasure of running this business, it's become quite clear that there is a significant backlog of such growth opportunities for Orion. They take several different forms including capacity additions, like the 25-kiloton expansion of Specialty capacity at Ravenna and de-bottlenecking production capacity for Gas Blacks at our Cologne plant. Productivity and sustainability initiatives like adding or increasing co-generation at our facilities and smart investments that strengthen our position in certain geographies like the opening of our new technical service applications lab in New Jersey. Of course, we would consider opportunistic acquisitions and other investments that strengthen our position in areas where we are under representative or have gaps, such as our acquisition of SN2A. the acetylene carbon black producer, we closed on in late 2018.
Finally, share buybacks are also a part of any company's capital consideration set. However, given the attractive backlog of high return projects we've got on the deck and our commitment to the other priorities I just summarized, I don't foresee us utilizing cash to buyback stock any time soon, and certainly not prior to making further progress on getting this EPA spending well behind us. So, that's a synopsis of the way we think about capital allocation at Orion.
Before we go into our fourth quarter results, I did want to address the current situation in China and the coronavirus epidemic. First and foremost, our number one priority is the health and safety of our employees and our customers. We have one plant that is over 1,000 kilometers from Wuhan and it has been operating throughout the Chinese New Year holiday. We believe we've taken the appropriate actions to protect our people and operations. Business is beginning to restart in China and we think the impact will be limited to Q1. However, no one knows for certain. To the extent that the crisis remains confined to the first quarter and things begin to normalize in March, our guidance range captures our best estimate of the impact.
Now turning to more detail on our fourth quarter results, you can see on Slide 7 that adjusted EBITDA decreased by $1.2 million year-over-year. In the table, you can see the price mix were favorable for us while volume was the primary offsetting factor along with feedstock differentials, lower energy sales and FX. Within Specialty, the year-over-year decline volumetrically was driven by our two largest markets, North America and Western Europe with China actually up year-over-year and sequentially. In terms of end markets, the year-over-year weakness was broadly and evenly widespread across all end markets, coatings, polymers printing in line with the broader economic trends. Within Rubber volumes were down both year-over-year and sequentially on both MRG and replacement tire side of the business. Sequential decline is largely reflecting seasonality while the year-over-year decline reflected two main drivers.
Number one was of course weak OE trends impacting MRG, and on the replacement tire side, a weak quarter for tire production in certain geographies in what seems like a quite conservative position by the tire customers heading into the end of the year.
Now I'll turn the call over to Lorin.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you very much, Corning.
Now turning to Slide 8, volumes were down 8.8% year-over-year and by 8.9% sequentially, in line with the trends Corning cited earlier, while adjusted EBITDA came in at $63.2 million, basic EPS at $0.32 and adjusted EPS at $0.42. Contribution margin per ton improved year-over-year due to positive mix and favorable feedstock cost development within specialty. An important point I want to make on this slide is that every quarter the contribution margin per ton fluctuates primarily due to some combination of product mix, feedstock developments and FX as the earnings mix between Specialty and Rubber rises and falls.
We will continue to talk about these changes and explain the dynamics quarter-to-quarter as usual. However, long term, we are less concerned about achieving a specific contribution margin per ton and more concerned about answering the question, how do we as a leadership team fundamentally and reliably raise the absolute earnings power of this business, how do we make this roughly $300 million EBITDA business, a $400 million EBITDA business. The exact strategies we employ to accomplish that will result in a certain product mix between Rubber and Specialty. However, the point is, our focus will be on raising the absolute earnings power of our business in the coming years with the primary governor being return on capital employed, not managing toward a specific gross profit for contribution margin per ton quarter-to-quarter.
Slide 9 explains the drivers behind contribution margin, adjusted EBITDA and net income in detail. Starting at the upper left-hand side, contribution margin declined 3% year-over-year as the favorable impact of price and mix, mainly driven by our Rubber business was eroded by a combination of lower volumes, negative feedstock differentials, FX and lower energy sales. From an adjusted EBITDA perspective, lower contribution margin and higher S&A and other costs were only partially offset by lower fixed cost during the quarter, resulting in a decline of 1.9% to $63.2 million. The key drivers of the increase in S&A and other costs were fewer fourth quarter adjusted items compared with the prior year's fourth quarter.
Finally, net income increased $3.3 million to $19 million, or 21.1% year-over-year despite lower adjusted EBITDA reflecting the positive impact of fewer fourth quarter adjusted items compared with the prior year's fourth quarter.
Now turning to Slide 10, you see the development of our cash flow for 2019 and where we landed versus our most recent guidance for the year, which was to keep cash flat year-over-year. As you can see, we actually ended the year with a higher cash balance year-over-year, even after reducing debt, funding our capital program and other financial obligations, beating our target. Specifically, we generated $231 million in cash from operating activities, $50 million of which was driven by lower working capital due to lower feedstock costs. This cash was deployed in line with the capital allocation framework laid out by Corning earlier with $105 million in non-EPA related spending, $51 million in EPA related spending, $48 million in dividends and the balance going to a combination of debt, service and taxes.
Slide 11 summarizes select attributes of our balance sheet and financial position. We ended the year with net leverage of roughly 2.3 times, well within our targeted range of between 2.0 to 2.5 times. We also approach 2020 and the coming years within attractively priced debt package, long maturity profile and substantial liquidity, a nice combination of attributes that provide us with substantial flexibility. Having this very competitively priced backstop assures us that are Orion can weather pretty much any storm the global economy might throw at us, manage fluctuations in working capital, quarter-to-quarter and comfortably execute against our capital allocation framework.
I will now pass the call back to Corning.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Lorin.
Moving to Slide 12, our quarterly Specialty volumes were down year-over-year for the reasons I discussed earlier. Geographically, North America was the primary source of volume weakness year-over-year, whereas we actually saw growth in China, while Europe was flat. So, overall a mixed dynamic reflecting the overall malaise of the underlying global automotive and polymer end markets. In contrast to the volume decline, gross profit per ton rose 18.2%, reflecting a combination of favorable mix, positive price, lower fixed costs and lower feedstock costs. I'm pleased with this improvement in this metric, but I would caution that both mix and year-to-year feedstock implications are quite dynamic with mix varying quarter-to-quarter based on the demand across different grades and feedstock cost fluctuating.
The next slide brings out the major drivers in adjusted EBITDA year-over-year, which principally reflects the same factors that drove gross profit in addition to favorable SG&A cost development.
Now please turn to Slide 14. Rubber volumes were down 9.6% year-on-year and 9.9% sequentially reflecting the factors I cited earlier with weak end market dynamics and a conservative customer position evident in certain areas in the world. The reduction in gross profit per metric ton was not mix driven, but instead driven by a combination of negative differentials, feedstock dynamics and lower energy sales reflecting lower production levels.
Slide 15 shows the development of adjusted EBITDA with significant positive price impact offset by lower sales volumes unfavorable FX effects and negative differentials.
On Slide 16, you'll find a summary of several key assumptions behind our 2020 guidance. What I'd like to do is provide a perspective and color on what we expect from price volume cost and cash flow perspective. Pricing will be a bright spot in 2020 for both businesses, but especially Rubber reflecting a constructive resolution to our negotiations took another step toward improving returns, particularly in North America where a good portion of the 2020 increase is coming from. Specialty pricing will also rise year-over-year, but by a much lower order of magnitude compared with Rubber. Pricing will be partially offset by lower Rubber and Specialty volumes. We expect each to decline around 3% to 4% year-over-year. One factor driving the decline is simply a continuation of the general malaise we've seen for some time now in certain key markets.
For example as a reminder, 33% of our Rubber business and 25% of our Specialty business is driven by trends in the global automobile OE production levels and new vehicle sales. While we expect the long-term growth outlook for this market to be in the 3% range, tracking global GDP growth in 2020, we anticipate this market will continue to experience below trend levels of growth and some instances of outright declines. There are various third party forecasts out there. If we look at IHS for instance, its most recent outlook calls for the global light vehicle production to decline for the third consecutive year falling roughly 3% with the U.S. rebounding from a decline of 4% in 2019 to 1% increase, Europe down for the third straight year lower by 2%, and China a large engine if historical growth in the global light vehicle fleet in recent years, projected to post the third straight year of decline falling about 4%. Against this backdrop, our business is exposed to auto OE demand and will experience lower volumes year-over-year even while the larger replacement market remains solid.
A second factor is the negotiating strategy I shared at our last earnings call. I made a comparison to airline pricing where in a tight market you don't discount you remaining seats, instead you accept that you may have a few empty seats. That is what we did and we expect Rubber EBITDA to be up mid-single digits, despite having a few empty seats. Shifting gears to Specialties, the volume decline there is in part due to the same empty seats analogy I used with Rubber with us showing a willingness to lose volume in exchange for driving higher prices while others pursued share. In addition, however, volumes in 2020 are also lower due to the below trend growth dynamics in nearly all of the underlying end markets that drive Specialty business over time with 25% of the volumes being impacted by automotive OE trends and approximately 15% of the sales in China, both of which are expected to experience sluggishness if not year-on-year declines in 2020. Overall, I think we got the balance right between price and volume in 2020 negotiations and I'm very pleased with the outcome.
Turning to costs. In 2020, we will benefit from the impact of the $5 million reduction on an annualized run rate basis in SG&A related to the headcount reductions executed in 2019. However, higher incentive compensation will offset this in 2020 due to the fact that in 2019, given that we fell well short of adjusted EBITDA expectations, the Orion team will experience a reduced bonus payout. In contrast, we're projecting 2020 to be a more normal year, resulting in a normalization of incentive compensation, which will show up as both the fixed cost line and the SG&A line, and when combined with salary increases and insurance premiums represents a headwind of around $15 million to $20 million for us.
The other item of note from a cost perspective is feedstock costs. We have the ability to pass through feedstock costs through indices in our contracts in most markets. This year we negotiated the ability to pass through surcharges for differentials to those indices in most of our Rubber markets. We still have some contracts without the surcharges, but our exposures to differentials has been greatly reduced. Specialty, we have agreements with about 40% of our customers, and for the 60% of Specialty not covered by pass-through mechanism, the impact is mixed with some portion of the increases and decreases in oil prices being passed through to customers eventually depending upon a variety of dynamics that's expected given the Specialty rather than commodity nature of this business.
Now turning to Slide 17. All-in-all, we project that EBITDA will be in the range of $250 million to $280 million this year with strong rubber price increases, offset by lower volume and higher incentive compensation, and the coronavirus only impacting the first quarter. It's important to note that our guidance assumes that the full-year average for oil prices and the euro in 2020 is in line with levels comparable with the fourth quarter of 2019. Changes in either of these can be material impact on the business. And the table on Slide 16 provides rules of thumb on how these factors will impact adjusted EBITDA positive or negative. The upper and lower ends of our guidance reflect uncertainty around FX, oil prices, differentials and volumes that could cause us to underperform or outperform the midpoint of the range. That said, our guidance reflects our best estimate of the range of possible outcomes for 2020.
Moving on to cash flow. At this point, we expect to spend between $130 million and $150 million on capex, of which roughly 45% is safety and continuity related, that is non-EPA related spending, 45% to 50% reflects EPA driven spending, and the balance related to productivity and growth-orientated capital. Just like last year, we will be disciplined and agile in our spending to stay within our targeted net leverage range of 2.0 to 2.5 times. This year we expect to bounce around that 2.0 to 2.5 range from quarter-to-quarter with the first quarter of this year being an example of where we expect leverage to pick up somewhat as a strong sequential sales increase drives higher working capital. From a dividend perspective, we expect a cash outflow in line with 2019 at approximately $48 million, reflecting our intent to maintain the current dividend rate.
With that, operator, you may now open up the call for Q&A.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions]
Our first question comes from the line of Josh Spector with UBS. Please proceed with your question.
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
Yeah. Hey guys. So, just in terms of your 2020 guidance, I'm curious if you could quantify how much you are baking into 1Q for the potential coronavirus impact.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So, first of all, good morning, Josh. Thanks for being with us today. We've got mid-single digits in for coronavirus.
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
That be mid-single-digit EBITDA?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Mid-single digits millions of EBITDA. So effectively, clearly this month is heavily affected China, though it is getting back to business now and we're seeing the restrictions on transportation and so forth easing, customers restarting that we'd see some of that fall over into the next month March, but then it would be limited to that.
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. And just also in terms of your guidance comment. You talked about feedstock prices and impacts being at levels similar to fourth quarter. I was wondering if you can kind of square that with your commentary about surcharges and potential lesser impact of differentials into 2020.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So, I think we have a slide where we show you what we think are sort of the rules of thumb of what we expect. From a differentials perspective, we feel that we're now much more isolated from that impact. It's not completely zero, as I said in the prepared comments. But it's certainly a dampened impact --significantly dampened impact compared to the past.
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
Okay. And I guess maybe just one more around that is, I mean low-sulfur feedstock prices have generally declined pretty significantly from the end of last year, beginning of this year, into where we are now. That decline is not baked into any of your guidance or commentary you've given on the call so far?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So, our current guidance is looking at as we see the market, those have come down right now. Some of that I think is reflecting that let's say speculation in that market is somewhat behind us as IMO 2020 is now actually live and running. Some of them probably reflects all the blank sailings, and so we can kind of speculate too low-sulfur is-surely I think the speculation is over. We might see a slight dampening in the demand for that right in the moment, we'll have to see.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
And Josh, I would just add that on our Rubber business, these month-to-month dynamics over the course of the three or four-month period of time, given the way our pass-throughs are structured, it should wash itself out. And so month-to-month, you'll see these variations. But we've got pretty good coverage there, and over a period of couple of months, should wash itself out.
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mike Leithead with Barclays. Please proceed with your question.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thanks, good morning, guys.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Mike.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Good morning. I guess, first question on the outlook. I appreciate you don't give quarterly guidance, but just given some of the unique macro circumstances we're seeing right now and given we're already about two-thirds of the way through the quarter, I was hoping you could provide a bit more color about how you're seeing the first quarter, develop relative to your full-year guidance just because -- I think there are some questions about the range in your guidance. And if we have a better sense of just kind of how you're thinking about the first quarter, it might better contextualize the overall year.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Hi there, this is Lorin. I would say you should expect for the first quarter a strong sequential increase. We're seeing a really good tone after destocking has sort of subsided. And so you probably ought to think high-single-digit percentage sequential increase from where we ended the fourth quarter. For the full year, if you take roughly the midpoint of our range and you think about the quarters for the year, you ought to look at a slight first half bias for the total company, a slight first half bias. And that reflects on the Rubber side of the business weakness in the fourth quarter as we always see seasonal slowdowns in, and a slight first half bias to the Specialties business driven by mix, volume, and for the overall company, driven by better absorption just reflecting the way we're running our plants in the first half.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Just to clarify, you think there is a mid-single-digit sequential improvement in EBITDA, was that correct?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So from the fourth quarter to the first, you ought to expect a high-single-digit percentage increase in our EBITDA, from the fourth quarter to the first. Then for the full year, as you distribute the midpoint of our range for the full year, a slight first half bias to the second half for the total company.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. I guess what gets worse then in the back half? Because I mean, I think most people would think the first half -- and I appreciate there's probably some Orion-specific numbers, but 1Q will likely be the worst macro environment, particularly with what we're seeing with the coronavirus.
So when you think about your guidance range, I mean the low end of the range is actually below annualizing the fourth quarter of this year. So, can you just walk me through kind of what gets worse in your guidance for the back half of the year then?
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
So there is two things. On the Rubber side of the business, we're anticipating a fourth quarter that will be weaker than the other quarters, as usual. And on the Specialty side, it's just a idiosyncrasy dynamic. The first half for Specialties is going to be a little bit stronger than the second and that reflects the volume, that reflects the product mix, where we've got some high margin grades that are shipping in the first half. And overall our absorption is going to be better in the first half of the year. So perhaps, those are somewhat Orion-specific.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thank you so much. And Lorin, congrats on the joining.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions]
Our next question comes from the line of Jon Tanwanteng with CJS Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions and nice job on the quarter, especially the Specialty margins, great to see that. And I know with the context that these things can jump around, but given that you're expecting a stronger mix in the first half, what products are driving that specifically and kind of why does that fall off in the second half as you just mentioned?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So, first of all, thanks for those comments, Jon, that you just shared with us. So, if you look at things like some of our more premium products that we see strength in the marketplace on that right now and there are certain cycle sometimes that are going with that and where we see certain end markets moving. And so I think that's a big part of where we are. I'd say in a -- just the movement of the premium grades in particularly in certain end markets, geographic end markets for us. That's what we see.
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Okay. Great. And then Corning, you've been talking about signing customers up on the RCB side for multiyear contracts for a little bit of time now. Anything to report on that front? Did you manage to accomplish that heading into '21 -- 2020?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
No. We don't have any one under, let's say, what I would call a true long-term agreement. We did successfully conclude one that went multiple years in the past and continues on that basis going forward. But in terms of one that's really out and let's say the 10-ish year range, we are in active discussions with people today, but we don't have concluded and it's one of these things where it's kind of hard to give an update until it's like done or one way or the other. So, we continue to think this makes a great deal of industrial logic. I'd say, our negotiating partners feel the same way and it's just a matter of trying to get to an agreement that makes sense for everyone.
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Got it. And just a little more clarity on that, given that we didn't get one done before year-end of 2019, does that push the timer back out to the end of 2020 now?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Not necessarily. No, you could do something in starting to get really at any time.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Okay, great. And then finally, Lorin, maybe can you discuss your free cash flow expectations for the year, maybe your cash tax expectations or working cap changes at that either extreme of your EBITDA guidance range and where there might be flexibility if necessary on the growth and other opportunities in capex?
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Sure. First of all, I would say, as you think about the first quarter, we're seeing a strong tone to the business starting the year and that's going to drive our working capital higher. And so we'll start the first quarter, and you'll see our net debt rise probably on the order of, I don't know $30 million to $40 million. What happens after that just depends on oil price dynamics in terms of do we get a windfall like we did last year from working capital or not, but we've got flexibility and we express it in the form of that range. The $130 million to $150 million capex range and the percentages for EPA -- non-EPA reflect the degree of the flexibility that we have within that that capex. What you saw this year was in a weakening economic environment, the kind of stabilizers that we expect from working capital actually did kick in, but we'll see what happens, but I would tell you for the first quarter, you should expect a tick up in our leverage to reflect higher receivables, but we'll give you updates throughout the year.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
And just while we're on that topic and talking about capital, there was a minor typo in our press release. And just to clarify, the Evonik indemnification that applies to the EPA capital, which is about 45% to 50% of our capex for this year.
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Any thoughts on the cash tax expectation? Thanks.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
That's right, around 29% is where we're expecting for the year.
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you, guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Hocevar with Northcoast Research. Please proceed with your question.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Hey, good morning, everybody.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Kevin.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Could you give a little -- you talked several times about strong pricing in the Rubber business. If I look at the -- those EBITDA bridges you provide on your slide deck, it looks like, if I add up all the quarters, you got about $34 million or so, in the price -- base price and mix benefits in Rubber in 2019. So, curious what that looks like in 2020.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, so we had a very good pricing cycle. We're happy with the outcome from it. It's a little commercially sensitive to go into exactly where those numbers came out for us. But I would say it was all-in-all a good year, albeit, just as I said before in the previous earnings call, we went with this as the airline seating pricing model, that when you're in a tight market, it's OK to have a couple of empty seats. And we did see some issues on volumes for us, but all-in-all, a net positive, a strong net positive.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Okay. And then the surcharges you talked about, could you just give a little color there? How quickly does that pass along feedstock changes? It sounds like you had -- you got these implemented in most -- you said the lion's share of your volumes. So is that on a global basis? And does it reverse out? I mean I think you had $13-ish-or-so-million of differential headwinds this year. Does it reverse out any of those and turn those into a tailwind? Do you claw any of that back as a result of this? Or is it really just kind of setting -- that's kind of the baseline year 2019, and now going forward, you just reduce that volatility by offsetting it? Just wondered if you could just give some color on those surcharges.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Kevin, a couple of questions you've raised there, so let me take them sequentially. So first of all, 2019 is 2019, it's done. We closed the book side. And what we do now is really just looking going forward to a new set of contracts with our customers. There's always some timing issues between when we buy and how it gets sold and work through our inventory and so forth. But effectively, in the same sort of pacing we have with our other elements of oil cost passed through, the same thing is there with differentials. We had essentially a very similar mechanism in place in Europe for a number of years. We now have that largely in place here in the United States, so that's a substantial dampening of that for us going forward. We don't have it across the board. We have, for example, some people who are on multiyear agreements that didn't come up this year. But by and large, we were very successful with that.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Okay. Got it. And sorry to beat a dead horse here, but I guess, I want to make sure I understand the first quarter expectations here. You said high-single-digit sequential improvement in EBITDA, which get you closer to $70 million, just a little under $70 million. And then -- but baked into that is a mid-single-digit headwind from the coronavirus impact. So that gets you to low to mid-$70 million of EBITDA, excluding that, which seems like very strong year-over-year improvement in the underlying core business. I mean is that really the way? I'm thinking about that appropriately? And I know you've given all the reasons why so far, I just want to make sure I'm understanding how you're framing that up.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. I mean, I think if not for coronavirus, we'd be looking at a very strong situation. We ended December in Asia with a high degree of momentum. As I said earlier, we think, in December, our tire customers drew down inventory, and I don't just mean tire to carbon black. I think their own finished goods. We saw an upsurge in their orders in January and February. And so all that is quite positive. If you think about a year-on-year comparison, we were going through changing out some of our channel management issues in China a year ago. We executed that quickly. We've got it done. We think we're in a much better place there now. So, all those are really strong positives for us. And I think we've put in that comment about coronavirus, and we've put it into our guidance just because I think there's a hunger for it out there. And that's how we see this. I don't underestimate this. I lived in Taiwan with my family during SARS, my kid got quarantined. I've been through it. But I think our feeling is and the feeling of our team on the ground is that China is getting back to business. This too will pass. We will move forward. And that's why we wanted to put in that. But if not for coronavirus, I think we'd have had a stronger Q1.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Okay. All right.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
I would just add that, that is an estimate. Our team is doing -- we don't have any better information than the rest of the world, but we're doing our best to say, week-by-week, if we see a March normalization to our business, what would the impact be. We all know that it's just an estimate and doing our best to give you perspective.
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Yeah, for sure. And perfect. That's really helpful. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Laurence Alexander with Jefferies. Please proceed with you question.
Adam Bubes -- Jefferies -- Analyst
This is Adam Bubes on for Laurence. Thanks for taking my question today. It sounds like no upturn is anticipated in 2020. But thinking about 2021, once growth -- demand growth resumes, how should we think about incremental margins?
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Well, first of all, Adam, welcome to the call. So clearly, incremental volumes are positive in any business with fixed costs, and so that would be a strong positive for us in that time frame. And we've got some capacity to be able to take in, I'd say, certainly, a year or two of recovery in that, so I think that would be quite good for us. I think at this point, we're not prepared to quantify. I think we have to see what and where and which markets and all of that.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
But I would say that if you look at the bridges in our press release, we've got a contribution margin bridge in there that you ought to be able to back into some indication of what our contribution margins are, and they're pretty attractive.
Adam Bubes -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Okay. Okay. Great. And then my last question is, just after the seasonal destocking you saw in the Rubber business, are you seeing signs of a restock through Q1 so far?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Definitely. And let me say, I think it was stronger than the typical destocking, and we think it was really quite aggressive on the tire side. And then we came into a very strong January set of orders. So I'd say that was pretty much confirmed.
Adam Bubes -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Chris Kapsch with Loop Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Hey guys, good morning. Hey, just a quick follow-up on that restocking comment you just made. Is that exclusive to the Rubber segment? Or are you seeing any restocking in the channel on the Specialty side thus far into the first quarter?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Chris. That was for sure, most pronounced in the Rubber area.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Got it. That's very good. I know there was the destocking, call it seasonal, if you want, in the fourth quarter, but there's been kind of a prolonged destocking in the sort of the polymer supply chain, which you guys feed into on the Specialty side as well. So I'm wondering if there's any sort of recovery there that's visible in terms of either end market demand strength or restocking, but it sounds like not what you're characterizing.
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
And Chris, I'm glad you asked the question because Specialties is not seeing a sequential tick-up from the fourth to the first quarter. So that tick-up for the total company is on strength of Rubber but not Specialty.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Got it. And then Corning, coming back to the empty seat analogy. So understand willingness to walk on some volumes where you didn't feel like you're getting appropriate value for your products, but you also said you felt pretty good about the pricing that you got in North America. So I'm wondering if the volume that you faded, for lack of a better term, was that -- did it tend to be geographic in nature where some regions are more competitive? Or was it more customer-specific in terms of where you sort of walk from that those volumes?
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Right. So speaking of Rubber, I would say the biggest impact for us in terms of, let's say, volume where we took hit was North America and somewhat in Europe. And that's a reflection of, I'd say, pricing negotiation dynamics really around individual customers. I mean that's the nature of this.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Got it. And then given that your -- you said 3% to 4% lower volume expectations for the full year. I'm just wondering what sort of impact you have baked in your outlook from absorption variances. Because you were talking about the sequential improvement in EBITDA. You'd said better absorption variances. But I would assume that on a full-year basis with the lower volumes, you might see a penalty there. So if you could reconcile that?
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. On a full-year basis, net of the first half better absorption, you're right. On the full-year basis, our overall fixed cost and S&A are a headwind. And although we have a first half dynamic where you have a little better absorption for a full year perspective, you're right, it's negative.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
You got it just nailed there, Chris. It's because Q1, in particular, is a lot stronger than a year ago, as we see it.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Okay. Helpful. Thanks. And then finally, on the causes to get sort of feedstock differentials passed through to customers, I think that's mostly on the Rubber side. I'm wondering in your EBITDA guidance range, is there -- if feedstocks sort of become less of a headwind on the Specialty side, is that a source for potential movement upward within your guidance range? Or because -- I guess, what I am...
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Sorry, Chris, I didn't mean to cut you off. Keep going.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Yeah, no, that's -- no, I guess what I'm asking is there's no pass-through mechanism for feedstock -- adverse feedstock differentials on the Specialty side still.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
So first of all, let me answer your [Speech Overlap].
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
-- on the Specialty side -- yeah, go ahead.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, to answer your earlier question, so if that market improves, it's a net upside for us. We do have some ability to pass through differentials and so forth in the Specialty area. Specialty, I would just say, has been a more challenging and more aggressive pricing and let's say, a competitive negotiation environment than -- it's just been challenging. So it's been a little harder to achieve the same ends there. And that sort of makes sense because in a lot of these areas, we're selling a highly differentiated product, and it's really on a different basis.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Right. Fair enough. But the reason I asked is because the way I understand it, and correct me if I'm wrong, but like in some of your assets that are dedicated to Specialty, you need the lower-sulfur feedstock, which is where some of the -- because of IMO 2020, the dislocation is most pronounced. So where you might need that protection in the form of pass-through clause. But -- that's what I was asking. [Speech Overlap]
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So it tends to be -- in Specialty, it tends to be the larger customers who are in perhaps a slightly less differentiated end of the Specialty spectrum where we have the contracts. And the people who we have in, let's say, the more highly differentiated areas, tends to be maybe a slightly larger number of SKUs for specific end properties they're trying to deliver. And those contracts are just, I think, by their nature, less linked to underlying indices like this.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Fair enough. Thank you for the color.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
I think it works out on a risk-reward return for all of us.
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thank you, Chris.
Operator
[Operator Instructions]
There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back over to Mr. Painter for any closing remarks.
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Well, thank you all for being with us today. We appreciate your time and attention and interest in Orion Engineered Carbons. Have a good rest of your day.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 56 minutes
Call participants:
Diana Downey -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Corning F. Painter -- Chief Executive Officer
Lorin Crenshaw -- Chief Financial Officer
Josh Spector -- UBS -- Analyst
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Jonathan Tanwanteng -- CJS Securities -- Analyst
Kevin Hocevar -- Northcoast Research -- Analyst
Adam Bubes -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Christopher Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets. -- Analyst
