Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc. (IOVA) Q1 2020 Earnings Call Transcript

Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc. (IOVA 0.87%)
Q1 2020 Earnings Call
May 05, 2020, 4:30 p.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good afternoon, and welcome to Iovance first-quarter 2020 financial results conference call. [Operator instructions] Please be advised that this call consists of a recording of prepared remarks, followed by a live question-and-answer session. Now I would like to turn the call over to Sara Pellegrino, vice president, investor, and public relations at Iovance. Please go ahead.

Sara Pellegrino -- Vice President, Investor and Public Relations

Thank you, Howard. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Speaking on the call today, we have Maria Fardis, our president and chief executive officer; Friedrich Finckenstein, our chief medical officer; and Tim Morris, chief financial officer. This afternoon, we issued a press release that can be found on our website at iovance.com, which includes the financial results for the first quarter ended on March 31, 2020, as well as a corporate update.

Before we start, I would like to remind everyone that statements made during this conference call will include forward-looking statements regarding Iovance's goals, business focus, business plans, pre-commercial activities, clinical trial plans and results, potential future applications of our technologies, manufacturing capabilities, regulatory feedback and guidance, collaboration, impact of COVID-19 and future updates. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including the risks and uncertainties described from time to time in our SEC filings. Our results may differ materially from those projected during today's call. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Maria.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Sara, and good afternoon, everyone. I'm very pleased to lead today's conference call to summarize our progress made at Iovance during the first-quarter 2020 as we move closer toward commercializing Iovance TIL for melanoma and cervical cancers. I'll also reiterate our anticipated 2020 corporate milestones, which all remain on track due to the tremendous efforts of the Iovance team in close collaboration with our clinical sites and business partners. While COVID-19 has impacted economies globally, Iovance has been able to continue our key business activities, including clinical and manufacturing activities due to the dedication of our internal team members and external partners to address the critical needs of cancer patients.

In the first quarter of 2020, we continued to advance our tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy or TIL in pivotal programs in melanoma and cervical cancers. We also made significant progress toward our planned biologics license application or BLA submission for lifileucel and LN-145 later this year while preparing for the potential commercial launch in 2021. In addition, we are excited about the recent and upcoming data presentations that further highlight the potential for TIL to become a broad platform of cell therapy treatment across solid tumors. I'd like to first highlight our progress in our lead program lifileucel and metastatic melanoma.

Metastatic melanoma is a common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 96,000 patients diagnosed annually and 7,200 deaths each year in the United States alone. We announced in early January that we completed patient dosing approximately three months ahead of schedule in the pivotal Cohort 4 and our C-144-01 study of lifileucel. We surpassed our target enrollment of 75 patients due to increased demand and for participation. We continue our preparation for the BLA by assembling the necessary documents to be used for the submission.

We are on track to meet with FDA and expectedly submit the BLA in late 2020. As a reminder, lifileucel has received both fast-track and regenerative medicine advanced therapy or RMAT designations from the U.S. FDA, which were supported by the clinical data from Cohort 2 in the melanoma study. The protocol for Cohort 4 was designed to enroll the same patient population as Cohort 2.

We presented data from Cohort 2 in the melanoma study several times in 2019, and we are excited to present a new data cut from Cohort 2 at the upcoming American Society of Clinical Oncology's ASCO '20 scientific program at the end of May in an oral presentation. Iovance, as an organization, is very focused on the advancement of this program toward submission of the BLA in 2020. Our second pivotal program is LN-145 in patients with metastatic cervical cancer. We have made significant progress in enrolling new patients in the C-145-04 study and remain on track to complete dosing in the pivotal program approximately midyear 2020.

We are planning to submit a BLA later this year following a dialogue with the FDA. The agency has previously granted both breakthrough therapy and fast-track designations for LN-145. As I have mentioned before, submission of the two BLAs are not dependent on each other and each indication may be submitted separately. I will now turn to our manufacturing capabilities, which has been a key success for TIL commercialization.

Our second generation or Gen 2 TIL therapy manufacturing process continues to be robust with a demonstrated success rate of above 90% in 300 patients. We believe we have established a solid track record in manufacturing TIL for patients in need of treatment as we prepare to launch lifileucel and LN-145 using this Gen 2 process. In addition, our intellectual property portfolio currently includes a total of 12 granted or allowed patents for compositions and methods of treatment in using Iovance TIL in a broad range of cancers related to this 22-day Gen 2 manufacturing process. At this time, manufacturing at all of our key manufacturing organizations continues as planned for ongoing clinical studies.

For launch, the initial commercial supply will come from our CMO partner, WuXi AppTec Philadelphia facility. I will note that construction of our state-of-the-art 136,000 square-foot facility remains under way at the Navy yard in Philadelphia. Construction of Iovance commercial facilities clean rooms started in April 2020, ahead of schedule. The new facility is expected to be operational in 2021 to support commercial supply in 2022 and to eventually meet the demands of thousands of patients.

In anticipation of the launch of lifileucel and LN-145, we continue to build a strong team at Iovance with approximately 190 employees across multiple locations. Our commercial and medical affairs groups remain focused on ensuring a positive patient experience with lifileucel during commercialization. Towards that, we are working on the following priorities: clinical site engagement in preparation for commercial launch; development of a close collaboration with healthcare professionals or HCPs, who will be handling and administering our product; operational excellence by Iovance in provision of the product; and communication with payers. We anticipate that centers with prior TIL experience and those with key opinion leaders for melanoma and cervical cancer will be the initial target for the launch of lifileucel and LN-145 subsequent to approval.

In the United States, we currently work with over 20 clinical sites for melanoma and approximately the same number of sites for cervical. Iovance is targeting to train and onboard well over 20 sites at launch, and we expect to expand to additional sites over time. Our medical affairs team works with a network of treating HCPs and patient advocacy groups to assure that information about TIL is available to interested organizations. On the reimbursement and patient access front, we have continued discussions with private payers and CMS to ensure timely access to TIL therapy for patients.

And under a patient-centric model, we intend to support the patient at every step of the process from initial resection to infusion. We are developing a patient support hub with the mission to enable lifileucel patients and providers to create a seamless treatment journey by providing support through a single point of contact, our hub case managers. As our market research and commercial preparation continues, we look forward to providing updates on our launch and throughout the year. I would like to now ask our chief medical officer, Friedrich Finckenstein, to provide an update about recent and upcoming data presentations, as well as our other clinical programs at Iovance.

Friedrich?

Friedrich Finckenstein -- Chief Medical Officer

Thank you, Maria. I would first like to touch upon the recent American Association of Cancer Research, AACR, Virtual Meeting 1, where our collaborators at Moffitt Cancer Center presented data on TIL they have manufactured in non-small cell lung cancer. As a reminder, Muffet TIL is not the same as Iovance's TIL but it uses a process similar to the Iovance Gen 1 manufacturing process and is expected to be a proof-of-concept for TIL in non-small cell lung cancer. We were very pleased to see Moffitt's TIL show durable complete responses in non-small cell lung cancer, which is such an unmet medical need indication.

The initial data from Moffitt is the foundation for our strategy to investigate our own Iovance TIL in two cohorts of non-small cell lung cancer patients in our IOV-COM-202 basket study. And the most recent data from AACR further reinforces this strategy. Looking ahead, we are pleased that ASCO has accepted the new updated data from Cohort 2 from our C-144-01 clinical study of lifileucel in advanced melanoma in an oral session. We submitted the abstract to further illustrate the durability in results of longer follow-up of metastatic melanoma patients treated with a onetime treatment of lifileucel.

As a reminder, the most recent update on overall response rate or ORR was 36.4% in 66 patients as assessed by investigators. These data were presented in November 2019 at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer or SITC Annual Meeting. As of our Iovance corporate update in January 2020, median duration of response or DOR for Cohort 2 was still not reached at 15.5 months of median study follow-up. Published data in similarly stage patient populations shows median overall survival may reach seven to eight months, so the results with lifileucel are highly encouraging.

Moving on to our other studies. We continue to advance TIL in the clinic in additional indications, as well as in earlier lines of therapy. All key activities across our clinical programs continue, and we think that the onetime treatment approach may offer a particularly attractive option for patients and treating physicians. These studies include the IOV-COM-202 clinical study, which we also refer to as our basket study to evaluate the broader potential for TIL treatment in earlier lines of therapy for checkpoint naive melanoma, head and neck and non-small cell lung cancer.

Furthermore, this study has two additional cohorts for relapse/refractory melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer to receive TIL. The ongoing C-145-03 clinical study in head and neck cancer, which remains an important indication for Iovance. This study also introduces new TIL product into the clinic including LN-145 manufactured with our new proprietary 16-day third-generation or Gen 3 TIL therapy process, as well as LN-145-S1, which is our proprietary PD-1 selected TIL product. I will now hand the call over to Tim to discuss our financial results.

Tim Morris -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Friedrich. My comments will reflect high-level financial results from our first-quarter 2020. Additional details can be found in the press release that we distributed earlier, as well as in our report on Form 10-Q to be filed shortly with the SEC. Net loss for the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, was $69.6 million or $0.55 per share, compared to a net loss of $37 million or $0.30 per share for the first quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Research and development expenses were $57 million for the first-quarter 2020, an increase of $26.1 million, compared to $30.9 million for the first quarter of 2019. The increase in first-quarter 2020 over the prior-year period was primarily attributable to an increase in costs associated with the license to the IOV-3001 IL-2 analog from Novartis, higher clinical trial costs due to higher enrollment, the growth in the internal research and development team and increased manufacturing activities. General and administrative expenses were $13.9 million for the first-quarter 2020, an increase of $4.8 million, compared to $9.1 million for the first quarter of 2019. The increase in the first-quarter 2020 over the prior-year period was primarily attributable to the growth of internal general and administrative team and higher stock-based compensation expenses.

At March 31, 2020, the company held $251.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash as compared to $312.5 million at December 31, 2019. The first-quarter 2020 spend included onetime upfront license payments and the stocking of clinical materials to be used throughout 2020. I will now hand the call back to Maria to review upcoming milestones and to kick off the Q&A session.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you all for attending the call today. We look forward to an exciting and productive 2020. In closing, I would like to reiterate that our anticipated milestones all remain on track for this year, including last patient to be dosed in the pivotal program for LN-145 for cervical cancer, pre-BLA meeting with U.S. FDA, melanoma top-line pivotal data and BLA submission.

Overall, I'm very pleased with the progress we have made and our continued prospects to become the leaders in TIL development, manufacturing and commercialization. I will now turn the call over to operator for questions. Operator?

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question or comment comes from the line of Mara Goldstein from Mizuho. Your line is open.

Mara Goldstein -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thank you very much for taking the question. If I could just return to the AACR data from Moffitt. And I'm curious as to how you would characterize the similarities between the Moffitt trial and your own clinical program and the differences. And then just based on the potential timing of filings and FDA designations, is it possible to see a potential BLA approval in cervical before melanoma?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Mara.

Mara Goldstein -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thanks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Of course, from a difference perspective between Moffitt and Iovance program, there definitely is a difference in manufacturing method, the manufacturing method that is being utilized at Moffitt is a six-week manufacturing process, which is more similar to Iovance's Gen 1 manufacturing. While Iovance's manufacturing method, of course, is the Gen 2, which is a 22-day manufacturing process, so there's definitely differences in the process of manufacturing product itself. There also is a difference in how we treat the actual TIL. They use a process, which I call, a tumor banking model.

The patient is seen and initially resected, the tumor that is resected then undergoes the process of initiation of pre-rep and rep for TIL manufacturing process. In the meantime, the patient is treated with nivolumab, at least four doses are administered. And if the patient is progressing, a confirmation of progression is conducted, and then and only then they receive their TIL followed by nivolumab. We don't use that process.

We are using a process by which TIL, as well as KEYTRUDA in one cohort where we are doing TIL plus KEYTRUDA are given approximately concomitantly. In Iovance's study, there's two cohorts that we administer TIL in. One is a cohort 3a and that's patient population, which is PD-1 naive and a Cohort 3b, which is PD-1 relapse or refractory. So in Cohort 3a, we administered TIL plus KEYTRUDA.

In Cohort 3b, we administered TIL alone. Let me pause there. There are a few other modifications that are different between the Moffitt study, as well as Iovance's, but those are the high-level indications sort of in terms of modifications. From an indication perspective, I believe we likely would be either submitting melanoma ahead of cervical or concomitantly and both of them are on the table in terms of discussions with FDA.

Mara Goldstein -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thank you very much.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Mara.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Peter Lawson from Barclays. Your line is open.

Peter Lawson -- Barclays -- Analyst

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Just as we think about these differences between your manufacturing and Moffitt's manufacturing, do you have any evidence from your Gen 1 versus Gen 2 about the kind of the depth of responses you could potentially get, or how it could change the broadness of the response rates that we could be thinking about with your data? And then I guess the follow-up around that would be when would we see the next lung cancer data from you.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Thanks, Peter. Since we are not utilizing Moffitt's manufacturing process, it's very hard for me to compare, but allow me to speak to our Gen 1 versus our own Gen 2. We did publish differences between these two manufacturing methods at SITC 2017.

We showed youth markers being different in our Gen 2 versus Gen 1, Gen 2 having better youth markers and activity markers, as well as better potency as measured by interferon gamma production. So we believe our Gen 2 is maybe possibly slightly a better product compared to our own Gen 1. In terms of data from our own basket study, we had initially thought about releasing data earlier on. But as it's very noticeable from the Moffitt study, the heterogeneity of the non-small cell cancer patients is quite broad.

So we are currently thinking that we might really want to have five, at least 10 patients maybe before we release the data. But we have not committed to when that would be. This study is obviously open and enrolling, and so when we have adequate amount of data and follow-up, we're able to present that. But we have not committed to a time frame for presentation.

Peter Lawson -- Barclays -- Analyst

Thanks so much for taking the question.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Jim Birchenough from Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Jim Birchenough -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Yes. Hi, guys. Congrats on all the progress. A quick question and follow-up.

One, you might not be able to answer, but just on the ASCO presentation from Cohort 2 for melanoma, should we assume that a median duration of response has been reached? I'm not asking for the number, but just whether the presentation of the updated data suggests a median has been reached. And then just in terms of your own cohorts in non-small cell lung cancer, anything that you've learned from the Moffitt in terms of mutational burden and whether you think skewing toward a high mutational burden makes sense over a low mutational burden. Just wondering if there's any differences along those lines in your lung cohorts. Thanks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Thank you, Jim, for the question. In terms of ASCO presentation, and thank you for recognizing that, of course, the abstract itself -- the title has only released. The abstract itself is still under embargo.

But all I can say is that we're very excited that ASCO has accepted updated Cohort 2 data as an oral session. We submitted the abstract, obviously, back in February time frame with a longer follow-up data that we had, and we believe that this product offers great benefit as a onetime treatment to the patients. And so I'm not confirming in any way that a median DOR has been reached, but we are very excited about the data as a matter of fact. In terms of the non-small cell data.

From the response perspective, what we saw was, as we had seen before, it seems like TIL is able to generate a response for patients regardless of their mutational load. It's able to create a response for patients that have received their TKI or tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and these patients have had an actionable mutation. So we are really pleased to see that a broad patient population is very much available to TIL therapy, similar to what we had seen in the setting of melanoma, as well as cervical, frankly, so we are not quite changing our direction for our non-small cell program. We have a broad patient population defined, although, I can say that potential registrational patient populations are beginning to emerge as we are seeing data for a broad set of patient populations.

So I'm very pleased to see that we don't have to select as a population. We have a number of different options for the registration program.

Jim Birchenough -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Sure. Thanks, Maria.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Joe Catanzaro from Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe sticking with the Moffitt ACR presentation. So the presenting investigator there noted that the trial was designed by taking the tumors first and then putting on to nivo because of potential concerns about exhausting the T cells with PD-1 treatment.

I'm wondering if you could just speak to that and whether you've seen any indication of that across your entire clinical program, melanoma, cervical and all the other studies. Thanks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Joe. We certainly see that in our TIL growth process, a sample of a TIL that comes from a tumor that might have had exhaustion markers can get rejuvenated by the end of the process. So I recognize that that concerned our entire program, as you noted, as a bulk is positioned for a post PD-1 landscape given that that's more of a regulatory path. But from a procedural process, in terms of what our TIL looks like.

We do see rejuvenation markers at the end of our 22-day growth process, so whether that mix up for the tumor microenvironment impact, it's unclear. We haven't done the randomized study to sort of control for that potential variable, but we are very pleased to see that the TIL seem to be doing better after our 22-day growth process. So it's unclear whether a tumor banking would offer any benefit. It certainly doesn't appear that way to me as of now.

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

OK. Got it. And maybe just one quick follow-up here at the ASCO update. Can we expect another update on independent central review? And then maybe one for Tim.

Maybe you could just speak to runway with current cash on hand. Thanks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So we were not planning on necessarily giving specific details in terms of whether we are going by investigator or by IRC. In terms of ASCO presentation, it is always easier to report an investigator data just because it's more live available. So the viewers can see a more accurate view of things just because investigators read the data very much in real time.

In terms of runway, I'll answer for Tim as well. We have not given a cash guidance. We have plenty of cash in hand to complete our pivotal program and submit our BLA. We're certainly still evaluating our total year spend, and we will provide guidance when we have it available to us.

But we are very comfortable with the strong financial position that we have. And we have had a really strong track record of being able to do financing, so we will provide additional guidance when we have it available.

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

OK. Got it. Thanks for taking my questions.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Joe.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Madhu Kumar from Baird. Your line is open.

Madhu Kumar -- Baird -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking our questions. So first one relates to the ASCO presentation. So kind of following on from Jim's question.

So you mentioned the idea of the median duration of response being reached. But there are other kind of material events that could impact disclosures such as additional complete response events, would that be a reasonable basis for updating the melanoma Cohort 2 in ASCO?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hi, Madhu. Thank you for the question. I think from just perspective of drug development, a drug developer always gives regular updates at any opportunity given just to make sure that, particularly, if the DOR continues, that this is something that is of interest both to the investor community, as well as the scientific community. So I wouldn't necessarily think about why would you want to go to ASCO or do you have additional CRS.

I'm not disclosing anything that you probably are not aware of, this is obviously still under embargo. But a scenario where the DOR continues, is, from my perspective, an incredibly favorable scenario, considering the last time that we read the data was for J.P. Morgan, and we had 15.5 months of median study follow-up. So I'm not necessarily confirming or declining, whether the responses got deeper or not, but just the median you are continuing or not would have been read enough to go to ASCO.

Madhu Kumar -- Baird -- Analyst

And then stepping back kind of philosophically, thinking about some of the other programs like head and neck, like non-small cell. What kind of a data set would you feel comfortable with presenting at a medical conference, be it online or in person?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I don't know if there's necessarily a specific item. I think that if -- and a lot of this is a bit subjective if drug developers who have been around 20-some years, such as myself. You look at the data and you decide something is striking, and it's time to put it out. I think one of the key pieces for me always is not to disclose too little data.

If it's extremely new, it's a brand-new indication, then I can understand that. But given that the Moffitt data for us shows efficacy of TIL in non-small cell. I think the next question is, how would you position TIL and what does Iovance's TIL do in these indications, specifically non-small cell. So for that information, I would like to make sure that we have enough number of patients and some degree of follow-up before we disclose it.

So there's not a specific number. It really has to do with patient population, the settings by which the product is being administered and how unmet the medical need for that patient population is.

Madhu Kumar -- Baird -- Analyst

OK. Great. Thank you.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Madhu.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Boris Peaker from Cowen. Your line is open.

Boris Peaker -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Congrats on all the progress you guys made so far. I guess I just want to talk a little more on the Moffitt lung cancer versus yours. I mean, we've talked about the differences in trial designs. I'm just curious to understand the differences in manufacturing process.

Why does there take about three times longer than your Gen 2 process? Or kind of what is it that they're doing in their process that you're not doing in your Gen 2?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Boris. Sure. So this is, again, I can only speak to our own Gen 1, which is Iovance's process, so that's a better sort of description on our end. Bear in mind that the six-week manufacturing process initially has a -- there's a couple of steps in there.

One is the TIL growth conditions is not as optimized as we have now developed at Iovance. This is precisely why we have a proprietary method. This is precisely why we have 12 allowed or granted patents for our manufacturing method because we have certainly learned how to grow TILs very well at this point. But there's also a second step that is in process for our Gen 1, and that's a selection of a subpopulation of TIL.

This selection was part of the original NCI process and what we have learned from NCI, and they have published this data since then, is that the selection does not lead to an improvement in clinical response in any way. This is not the same method of selection as, for example, a PD-1 selection. It's just based on an assay that is in process. So one of the things that we decided earlier on at the company was not to utilize an assay, which is in process and yet does not seem to have a correlation with clinical response, and we dropped that specific step.

We run it in parallel. We don't run it in sequence. So that's one of the things I can speak to, and I've spoken before that that has shortened our process. But significant shortening really comes from our proprietary method of growth, as well as various conditions and optimizations that we have undertaken.

Boris Peaker -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Great. And if I could squeeze in one more. I'm just curious in terms of -- on the manufacturing side as you're approaching your BLA, as well as building your own manufacturing facility. What are some of the things that the FDA wants to see from the CMC perspective? Have you had the discussion with them? Just want to understand what you need to do for new TIL therapy approval.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Absolutely. So we continue having a dialogue with FDA through the course of the years. On the CMC front even more, particularly in cell therapy than even clinical dialogue.

So every time we make a modification, we submit that modification to the agency, and the agency is very aware of what we are doing. Both in terms of absolute clarity around their process, as well as what we intend to file with. This dialogue is ongoing. And on a regular basis, we submit documents with agency, or we receive their feedback, so very much an active dialogue still.

Boris Peaker -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much for taking my questions.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Boris.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Mark Breidenbach from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Mark Breidenbach -- Oppenheimer and Company Inc. -- Analyst

Hey, good afternoon, and thanks for taking the question. Maria, maybe sticking with the general theme of manufacturing. Can you just remind us what efficiencies are being introduced in the Gen 3 manufacturing process to bring the time down to 16 days? And when we do eventually see updated results in head and neck cancer, will we be able to see side-by-side comparison between patients treated with Gen 2 versus Gen 3 versus the PD-1 selected Gen 3 TIL?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Hi, Mark. Thank you for the question. So what we did, our initial goal when we were optimizing for Gen 2 was to keep the product profile fairly consistent with our Gen 1 product.

We had also done some optimization on Gen 1, and our goal was to keep a very similar profile. For our Gen 3, we changed our direction a little bit, and we didn't necessarily keep the exact same product profile. So the process is not very -- it's not a follow-on to Gen 2. We changed the process fairly extensively, allowing for us to get to a 16-day manufacturing process.

In terms of the data presentation, when we get to head and neck, I suppose so. We haven't really thought about what would that data presentation look like during different cohorts. The patient population is fairly similarly defined. So when and if we decide to present it, I presume we can present them side by side, and people can draw their own conclusions.

Mark Breidenbach -- Oppenheimer and Company Inc. -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Mark.

Operator

Our next question or comment comes from the line of Ben Burnett from Stifel. Your line is open.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Thanks very much and good afternoon. Also trying to understand the Moffitt data from ACR. And I guess I was hoping that maybe you could just speak to the efficacy that we would expect from the standard of care for nivo treatment from patients in that setting. And I guess what would, in your mind, be a clear signal of efficacy over and above standard of care from your lung studies?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hi, Ben. Thank you for the question. It's a complex question to answer, so I'm going to try and summarize it just because there's a lot of different subpopulations that are present in a non-small cell lung cancer indication. So let me say really high level, there's probably three big subpopulations.

It's a population, which is biomarker-driven, so they have an actionable mutation, sort of EGFR, BRAF, ROS and others are part of that cohort. They're typically treated with their TKI at frontline. Checkpoints have not done very well in this patient population as a second line. The response rate is quite low in that patient population and some of these were in the Moffitt study.

And you could see that, of course, there are primary refractory patients and they immediately progressed on anti-PD-1 as one would expect. So that's one patient population. There's not very good literature in anti-PD-1 in this setting just because they are not very good. The investigators believe that somewhere around 5% response, maybe at best 10% response is what is expected from nivo in that second line, and that's a best-case scenario.

A second subpopulation is patients that do not have an actionable mutation and their PD-L1 level is high. Those patients are expected to respond really well in the front-line setting. And in fact, Ben Creelan had shown that he had some of those patients. And in fact, they were responders, one of them being ACR, having had a PD-L1 expression level of 100%.

So that patient population is expected to respond well to PD-1s in the front line. And in the second line, they have a number of options. They might receive other PD-anti-ICIs, such as PD-L1 combinations or otherwise. And by third line, they would have to resort to chemotherapy.

Standard of care in third line is around 9% response rate and a DOR of around 6% for taxol-based products. The third bucket of patients in non-small cell are PD-L1-low patients, and these patients are typically treated with anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy, just because they don't have a very good chance of responding necessarily to immune checkpoint inhibitors. So this bucket of patients typically receives chemo plus anti-PD-1, so chemo immunotherapy as frontline. By second or third line, they are out of options.

And again, they have to resort back to chemotherapy which, as I noted, is around 9% to 10% response rate and a DOR of around, at best, maybe six, seven months. So they're in different settings when they reach chemotherapy, but just about all of the patients in non-small cell will reach that point fairly quickly. Does that answer your question?

Ben Burnett -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

That's really helpful. I appreciate that.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Ben.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

That's great. And if I could just ask one follow-up question. Just with regards to the IL-2 analog program, the IOV-2001, just what are the steps to bring this to the clinic? And I guess could you also just talk about how you plan on developing this? And by that, I mean, Iovance's has a couple of different TIL programs. Which TIL programs do you seek to leverage the 3001 analog first?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Yes. So right now, we are still in early preclinical stage, and we thought that we would be an IND-enabling activity mode around 2021. We haven't completely disclosed our development program, but we certainly have a plan internally that we are executing too, when we are ready to get into clinic.

We are excited about this program, of course, that has very favorable -- the product has favorable PK, PD and IP landscape. That's why we license that product in. But I haven't disclosed in detail sort of what our development program would look like, and I think probably 2021 would be a better time to disclose more information about that.

Ben Burnett -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

OK. Excellent. Thanks very much.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Ben.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Ren Benjamin from JMP Securities. Your line is open.

Ren Benjamin -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question, and congratulations on the progress. Maria, you might have touched upon this, but I'm kind of curious as to your guys choice of combining KEYTRUDA with TIL versus with Moffitt and with nivolumab.

Are there learnings from this data that might make you start evaluating other checkpoints? And when we think about the market, even if we look at the end stage non-small lung cancer patient population, it's significant. And now in combination with checkpoints, it can clearly move up. So I'm kind of curious how you guys are thinking about or where you feel the TIL will fit best.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Thank you for the question. You're correct. We started with KEYTRUDA.

I presume your question is why KEYTRUDA versus nivo. Is that correct? Is that what you're asking?

Ren Benjamin -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

Correct. Yeah, yeah.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

OK. All right. At the time when we started the program or at least we started putting the concept together, we expected KEYTRUDA plus chemotherapy to be a standard of care in frontline, and it has. In fact, that is exactly what has happened.

So we wanted to make sure that we are combining what is called a standard of care. Of course, we were replacing chemotherapy with TIL for the early on patient population. So recall that we have two cohorts, Cohort 3a allows for KEYTRUDA plus TIL and Cohort 3b allows for TIL alone in the relapsed/refractory non-small cell cancer patients. That was the reason for selection of KEYTRUDA, the post nivolumab.

The market is quite large. And I think in terms of placing TIL, one sort of at a very, very high level, can think about two strategies. The one strategy we have selected for melanoma and cervical, at least, our initial strategy has been to go into a late-line patient population, so relapsed/refractory with unmet medical need that allows us to do a single-arm strategy for registration. And that certainly has worked out really well for us.

A second broader strategy would be not to go to late-line and, in fact, go to earlier line in combination with checkpoint. So this is our rationale for having the two cohorts that we have. It allows exploration of both potential approaches going forward.

Ren Benjamin -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

And just as a follow-up, kind of based on this Moffitt data, is there any thoughts in expanding even this basket study to evaluate something like nivolumab? And I think in the study, they looked at patients who would progress while on nivolumab versus in combination? Any thoughts regarding that kind of a design versus just a straight combo?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Before thinking about sort of what next, I certainly would want to see our own data for TIL plus KEYTRUDA and just to see whether earlier line and concomitant administration would add a benefit or not. So I think it will be very much data-driven. And I think we don't have quite sufficient amount of data for me to speak to that, but I understand what your question is and thank you for that.

Ren Benjamin -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Joe Pantginis from H.C. Wainwright. Your line is open.

Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst

Hi, Maria. Thanks. Just curious, I know my question might be a little bit of a reach at this point but hoping to get some broad strokes. I guess, first, what can you say has been the nature of the talks you've had thus far with payers? And secondly, maybe can you take any broad strokes with regard to pricing structure? Are you looking at potential flexible types of pricing indication based or what have you? Just want to get some ideas of what you might be thinking at this point.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hi, Joe. Thank you for a great question. Yes, we have had initial dialogue with payers. And so far, they've been quite open.

This is a slightly different cell therapy product on what is already out there in the market. We are also dealing with a different patient population. The products that are in the market are for hematologic malignancies, and this is really the first cell therapy product for solid tumor. So the initial dialogue really has been to educate, to assure that a differentiated safety profile is clear to the payers, as well as the potential benefit for the existing patient population.

In terms of pricing, we certainly haven't quite nailed down our own pricing position. And I think part of this has always been that as the median DOR for the melanoma program continues or continued. And as you will see in ASCO where we are with this, we're very encouraged to see the value of the product. So I think that that, by itself, has been playing a role into thinking about the positioning of the product itself.

And then we certainly haven't disclosed whether we are going to have a different indication-specific position for the pricing position of the product. We're still evaluating the patient populations, and we're evaluating sort of how we should administer TIL in terms of different sites and different indications. And so I think we can probably update the market when we have better information to provide. But we continue being very excited about the product and the payers have been very open to the dialogue and have been very welcoming and, in fact, invited us to come talk to them.

So it's been a great start to the payer discussion so far.

Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst

That's very helpful, actually. Thank you very much.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Geulah Livshits from Chardan. Your line is open.

Geulah Livshits -- Chardan -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to follow up about some of the question is about the Gen 3 process and the selected TIL cohorts that have been added.

So based on the experience thus far, can you elaborate a bit more about how you think about the path forward there and expanding to other cancer types potentially? And also more specifically in terms of manufacturing, in terms of the process and the equipment and the overall setup data, how different is Gen 3 from Gen 2 as you think about setting up the internal manufacturing facility?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

That's great. Thank you, Geulah. Yes, we are quite excited about being able to potentially offer Gen 3 and other indications as well. We chose head and neck as our first indication because these patients are particularly sick with a fairly short life.

It seems like their life expectancy is not very long. So we were trying to see if we can offer something that is expectedly shorter and may be more potent. So that was our intent for both Gen 3 and selected TIL. From a equipment perspective, we are using the same equipment for Gen 3 as we're using for Gen 2.

The method by which we're using them, order of events may be different, but it's the same equipment. So a commercial manufacturing facility can easily be reconfigured for Gen 3 should we decide to go in that direction.

Geulah Livshits -- Chardan -- Analyst

Great. Thanks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question or comment comes from the line of Biren Amin from Jefferies.

Biren Amin -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Maybe one more question on the ASCO oral melanoma data, Maria. Are you planning to present data from the PD-1 primary refractory cohort as it relates to the median DOR.

I think you enrolled about 42 patients from this cohort and presented these data last fall. And maybe if you could also contextualize this population in terms of what's the typical MPFs and median OS in these patients versus the PD-1 relapsed population.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Hi, Biren. Thank you for the question. I don't know if we necessarily were planning on breaking the primary refractory apart.

I think we were -- we had a lot of content for ASCO, and we felt that that content is probably really important, and we didn't necessarily think about a subpopulation presentation. So not for any other reason except that we have a lot of content, and we were excited to share all of that. As of now, we weren't necessarily pinpointing the primary refractory patient population. From an OS perspective, we have disclosed that metastatic patients in Stage 4 disease have a median OS of approximately six to seven months.

That's the best information we can find in literature for our patient population. I really haven't seen a very good PFS in that patient population. It's actually not an easy patient population to find reports on. Unfortunately, they're particularly ill, and they don't make it very far.

But I think that, that OS of six to seven months is a great benchmark to show what is expected from a Stage 4 metastatic melanoma patient population.

Biren Amin -- Jefferies -- Analyst

OK. And maybe one more. As you look to filing the BLA, what are your thoughts on the size of the commercial team that you would need?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. We've been having that discussion internally, and we certainly have internal plans in terms of how to outreach how many sites and what is our footprint going to be. I'm not quite ready to share that today with you, but we have our plans nailed down, and we think that we have a really broad outreach, both for academic settings, as well as community settings, and we have plans as to how to broaden that even further subsequent to launch. So both of those are in progress and proceeding.

We already have a commercial presence inside the company, of course. I mentioned that we have been expanding our commercial and medical affairs teams, and we are very excited about expanding them further by year-end.

Biren Amin -- Jefferies -- Analyst

OK. And then maybe just the last one. What are your thoughts on filing in Europe? Have you had discussions with the EMA in terms of what they would require?

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Really good topic as well. Over the course of development, as you're probably aware, we have opened a number of CTAs in various countries in EU and Canada. So we have had initial discussion as part of the CTA process, and we have had also local health authority discussions.

Our centralized procedures for EU engagement is planned for later part of 2020, and we are beginning to initiate that discussion with the centralized CHMP body of European Health Authority.

Biren Amin -- Jefferies -- Analyst

OK, great. Thank you.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. I'm showing no additional questions in the queue at this time. I'd like to turn the conference back over to management for any closing remarks.

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Howard. I think we just want to thank everyone for participating today, and we thank our patients and patient families for contribution that they make to our internal program. And stay tuned. We're very excited about progress in 2020.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 50 minutes

Call participants:

Sara Pellegrino -- Vice President, Investor and Public Relations

Maria Fardis -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Friedrich Finckenstein -- Chief Medical Officer

Tim Morris -- Chief Financial Officer

Mara Goldstein -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Peter Lawson -- Barclays -- Analyst

Jim Birchenough -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Joe Catanzaro -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Madhu Kumar -- Baird -- Analyst

Boris Peaker -- Cowen and Company -- Analyst

Mark Breidenbach -- Oppenheimer and Company Inc. -- Analyst

Ben Burnett -- Stifel Financial Corp. -- Analyst

Ren Benjamin -- JMP Securities -- Analyst

Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst

Geulah Livshits -- Chardan -- Analyst

Biren Amin -- Jefferies -- Analyst

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