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DATE

Thursday, May 7, 2026 at 11:00 a.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

  • Co-Chief Executive Officer — Mark Gatto
  • President and Chief Investment Officer — Gregg Bresner
  • Chief Financial Officer — Keith Franz
  • Co-Chief Executive Officer — Michael Reisner

TAKEAWAYS

  • Net Investment Income -- $0.25 per share, below the $0.30 per share in monthly base distributions, attributed to reduced transaction fees, lower dividend income, and increased interest expense following refinancing activity.
  • Net Asset Value (NAV) -- Decreased 4.7% quarter over quarter to $13.11 per share, with over 80% of the mark-to-market decline described as unrealized and driven by market valuation factors, not portfolio company fundamentals.
  • Portfolio Composition -- Approximately 81% allocated to first lien investments and only 1.8% to software, contrasting with industry averages cited as 20%-25% software exposure.
  • Weighted Average Portfolio Metrics -- Interest coverage of 2.08x and net leverage of 4.62x, both stable compared to prior quarter.
  • Risk Ratings -- Weighted average risk rating nearly flat at 2.08%, with risk rated 4 investments declining from 1.9% to 1.55% of portfolio fair value, and risk rated 5 assets steady at 0.54%.
  • Nonaccruals -- At fair value, improved to 1.53% from 1.78%; at amortized cost, increased from 4.32% to 5.35%; Lux Credit Consultants was newly added but has since been sold post-quarter.
  • Share Repurchases -- 1.1 million shares repurchased at an average price of $8.71, with management noting these occurred at a meaningful discount to fair value.
  • Investment Activity -- $69 million in new and existing portfolio company investment commitments, $54 million funded, $12 million in previously committed unfunded investments drawn, with $38 million in sales and repayments offsetting activity.
  • PIK Income Structure -- Approximately 82% of total payment-in-kind income from highly structured first lien investments, up from 75% in the previous quarter, with 99% of PIK investments in first lien assets.
  • Total Investment Income -- $49.5 million for the quarter, down from $53.8 million in prior quarter, primarily due to lower fees and dividend income.
  • Total Operating Expenses -- Rose to $36.7 million from $35.5 million, mainly reflecting higher interest expense from debt refinancing, partially offset by lower advisory fees.
  • Leverage Metrics -- Net debt-to-equity ratio increased to 1.62x from 1.44x, attributed to NAV declines and higher debt outstanding; weighted average cost of debt capital rose to 7.52%.
  • Debt Capital Actions -- $135 million of new senior unsecured notes ("baby bonds") issued at 7.5% due 2031, with $100 million used to repay part of the JPMorgan credit facility and remaining proceeds earmarked for leverage reduction.
  • Distribution Policy -- Maintained monthly base distributions at $0.10 per share for each month in the current and upcoming quarter, with trailing 12-month distribution yield of 9.8% on average NAV and 20.2% on quarter-end market price.
  • Liquidity -- Reported over $100 million in cash and short-term investments, and an additional $100 million available under credit facilities.

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RISKS

  • Mark Gatto said, "We reported $0.25 per share for the first quarter, which is below our monthly base distributions totaling $0.30 per share," explicitly noting an earnings shortfall impacting distribution coverage.
  • "Our net asset value declined 4.7% quarter over quarter to $13.11 per share from $13.76 at year-end," with the majority of declines attributed to unrealized mark-to-market adjustments.
  • "total operating expenses were $36.7 million compared to $35.5 million reported in the fourth quarter," with the rise directly linked to higher interest expenses following refinancing and a higher average debt balance.
  • Net leverage has increased materially, with Keith Franz stating the company is "way above" its 1.30-1.35x target range and will require "some time and some wood to chop to get us back there."

SUMMARY

Management highlighted structured steps to reduce leverage, including application of recent debt issuance proceeds and repayment strategies, but emphasized that returning to the targeted range will be gradual. The issuer acknowledged the margin between net investment income and distributions, framing it as a temporary consequence of specific capital structure actions rather than a signal of core earnings decline. The marked quarter-over-quarter NAV decrease was attributed mainly to market valuation pressures on portfolio positions rather than underlying credit events. Strategically, portfolio construction has remained skewed toward first lien investments and limited software exposure, positioning CION distinctively relative to peers in the broader private credit space.

  • Gregg Bresner stated that new deal activity focused on secondary purchases and add-ons for existing portfolio companies, with primary market issuance seen as less attractive due to tighter spreads and riskier structures.
  • The company maintains a rigorous quarterly valuation process with four independent third-party providers, covering the majority of the portfolio, to reinforce transparency and discipline amid broader industry scrutiny of private credit marks.
  • Management reported significant share repurchase activity and suggested it will continue, viewing current market price as presenting a "compelling opportunity" relative to stated NAV.
  • CION's leadership indicated that, despite macroeconomic and sector risks, they see no broad-based deterioration among their 89 portfolio companies and emphasized resilience in B2B end markets served by portfolio borrowers.
  • The upcoming quarters are expected to show decreased leverage, supported by portfolio churn and targeted deployment of capital into higher-spread, defensive credits.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

  • First Lien: Senior-most secured debt in a portfolio company’s capital structure, typically offering priority claim on collateral.
  • PIK (Payment-In-Kind) Income: Interest or dividends paid to the lender or investor in forms other than cash, typically additional debt or equity securities.
  • Baby Bonds: Exchange-listed, small-denomination ($25 par) debt securities issued by companies, typically traded on public exchanges as unsecured notes.
  • Nonaccrual: Loan status indicating suspended recognition of interest income due to borrower financial distress.
  • Net Asset Value (NAV): The value of total assets minus liabilities, commonly stated on a per-share basis for investment funds like BDCs.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Mark Gatto: Thank you, and good morning, everyone. I want to start this morning the way we have on prior calls by putting our quarterly results in the proper context before walking through the details. While this was not our strongest quarter from a headline numbers perspective, I want to make clear that the story underneath those numbers is more nuanced than the headline suggests, and we believe there is quite a bit to feel good about as we look at the underlying health of our portfolio. I think it is important that investors and analysts understand what actually drove our results this quarter and evaluate us not quarter-to-quarter, but on a more long-term basis. Let me start with investment income.

We reported $0.25 per share for the first quarter, which is below our monthly base distributions totaling $0.30 per share for the first quarter. This shortfall was driven primarily by lower transaction fees recorded during the quarter due to lower repayment and investment activity and lower dividend income earned on our investments.

This shortfall was also driven by higher interest expense during the first quarter due to the refinancing of our lower-yielding fixed rate notes and senior secured debt into higher-yielding fixed rate unsecured notes, and the timing of paying down our debt with the net offering proceeds received from the recent issuances of our new unsecured notes due to potential prepayment penalties as all of our debt is currently at their contractual minimums. As a result, we carried more excess cash on our balance sheet than we would have under normal operating conditions, essentially sitting on proceeds we could not deploy.

This was attributable to a specific capital structure decision we made that we believe was in the long-term interest of our shareholders, which we do not view as a reflection of the underlying earnings power of our portfolio. Gregg and Keith will provide further context, but I want to be clear that we believe that the underlying earnings capacity of our portfolio remains intact, and we remain optimistic about the trajectory from here. Turning to NAV. Our net asset value declined 4.7% quarter-over-quarter to $13.11 per share from $13.76 at year-end. As we have discussed on prior calls, mark-to-market movements in our portfolio can introduce quarterly volatility, and this quarter was no exception.

Importantly, over 80% of the downward movement in our marks this quarter were unrealized in nature and driven by market level influences, movements in comparable public company valuations and broader credit spread widening, and not by a fundamental credit deterioration at our portfolio companies. This is an important distinction and one that gives us confidence in the underlying resilience of the book. I also want to address something directly that I know has been a topic of conversation in the BDC space broadly, the scrutiny around private credit marks and valuation rigor. We welcome that conversation because we believe that we have an extremely disciplined and transparent valuation process.

We utilize 4 independent third-party valuation providers, and the vast majority of our portfolio is subject to full independent review and scrutiny every quarter. We believe that process is comprehensive and rigorous, and we are committed to maintaining that standard. At the same time, the incorporation of third-party macro assumptions and market level inputs can at times introduce marks on certain assets that may not fully reflect the underlying credit fundamentals of those positions, particularly given the secured and senior nature of our first lien holdings, which represents approximately 81% of the portfolio at the end of Q1.

We believe that the heightened focus on software credit quality across the private credit industry may have contributed to a broader tightening of third-party valuation assumptions that given the sector-wide nature of that scrutiny could have affected our portfolio in a manner disproportionate to our actual exposure. With software representing just 1.8% of our portfolio, well below the 20% to 25% average reported across many private credit portfolios, we do not believe the degree of mark-to-market pressure we experienced this quarter is fully consistent with our underlying fundamentals. On credit quality more broadly, I am pleased to report that our portfolio continues to hold up very well.

Our first lien book remains the core of our strategy and continues to perform well. Weighted average interest coverage across the debt portfolio was a healthy 2.08x for the quarter, a level we view as consistent with the defensive construction of our portfolio. Weighted average net leverage on our debt portfolio was 4.62x, essentially flat with 4.7x in the prior quarter. From an internal risk rating perspective, our weighted average risk rating was essentially unchanged at 2.08% versus 2.09% in the prior quarter, and our risk rated 4 names improved quarter-over-quarter to 1.55% of the portfolio at fair value, down from 1.9% in Q4. Our risk rated 5 names remained a very small portion of the portfolio at 0.54%.

We had 7 upgrades and 8 downgrades in the quarter, a largely balanced picture that we believe reflects no meaningful deterioration in the overall composition of the book. On nonaccruals, I am pleased to share some positive news. Our nonaccrual percentage on a fair value basis improved to 1.53% as of March 31, down from 1.78% in the fourth quarter. The principal new addition to nonaccrual status this quarter was Lux Credit Consultants, which was in the midst of a sale process through quarter end. And I'm glad to report that subsequent to quarter close, that sale was successfully completed. As a result, we expect that Lux will be removed from nonaccrual status in Q2.

Generally, our nonaccruals for the quarter were stable and consistent with our historical levels. More broadly, despite the volume of commentary out there about stress in private credit, we are simply not seeing broad-based deterioration across our middle market borrowers. And that is an important message. We believe that the domestic economy, while not without risks, continues to demonstrate underlying resilience. Our portfolio companies, the majority of which serve B2B end markets continue to operate in line with or close to our expectations.

We remain mindful of the ongoing geopolitical developments and the uncertain macro backdrop, but our ground level view across 89 portfolio companies in 23 industries reflects a book that we believe is performing well and does not support the broad distressed narrative that circulates private credit portfolios in the press. Finally, we repurchased approximately 1.1 million shares during the quarter at an average price of $8.71 and we believe current prices represent a compelling opportunity to acquire our shares at a meaningful discount to fair value. We intend to continue such repurchases while seeking to simultaneously reduce our overall leverage through debt repayments, a combination we believe will position CION well for the remainder of 2026.

Keith will provide additional details on our capital structure and distribution activity. With that, I will now turn the call over to Gregg to discuss our portfolio and investment activity during the quarter.

Gregg Bresner: Thank you, Mark, and good morning, everyone. Prior to covering our investment and portfolio activity for Q1, I would like to expand on Mark's comments regarding our nominal level of software exposure within the portfolio. We have 3 software portfolio companies totaling approximately 1.8% of portfolio fair value or 2% on an amortized cost basis. We have no ARR loans in the portfolio. As a firm, we've historically not invested in software as we were unwilling to lend against an ARR growth methodology with negative EBITDA profile at closing. In terms of our Q1 investment activity, we remained highly selective with new portfolio investments and focused on transactions within our portfolio companies and the repurchase of our shares.

We also work to balance the timing of investments versus repayment amounts while working to reduce leverage towards our targeted net leverage range. Overall, we had fewer exiting repayments for the quarter versus our Q4 level as certain repayments slipped into Q2. During the quarter, we continued to pass on new investment opportunities based on credit and pricing considerations. While secondary credit market conditions remain choppy based on macro concerns and potential cracks in private credit, there remained a significant bifurcation from the new issue market.

New issue cohort pricing continued to be driven by the hangover of record 2024 and 2025 private debt fundraising, which translated into lower coupon spreads, higher leverage levels and looser credit documents in the new issue market. We focused our Q1 investment activities on incremental opportunities with our portfolio companies. We believe our continued investment selectivity and proportional deployment levels help us to invest in first lien loans at higher spreads when compared to the overall private and public loan markets. The weighted average yield for our new direct first lien investments for the quarter based on our investment cost was the equivalent of SOFR plus 6.1%.

As we discussed in previous quarters, the majority of our annual PIK income is strategically derived from either highly structured first lien investments or where PIK income is incremental to our cash coupon. Together, these categories represented approximately 82% of our total PIK investments in Q1, up from 75% in Q4 of 2025. Over 99% of our PIK investments are in first lien assets. As a result, we believe this PIK income does not compare to restructured PIK income resulting from a deterioration in credit. Turning now to our Q1 investment and portfolio activity.

Our Q1 investment activity consisted of investments in 2 new portfolio companies, Anchor QEA and Dependable Acquisition, both specialty business service providers, and incremental add-on investments and secondary purchases in existing portfolio companies, including American Clinical, Carestream Health, Coinmac, David's Bridal, HealthWay, Juice Plus, STATinMED, Stengel Hill and WorkGenius. During Q1, we made a total of approximately $69 million in investment commitments across 2 new and 9 existing portfolio companies, of which $54 million was funded. We also funded a total of $12 million of previously unfunded commitments. We had sales and repayments totaling $38 million for the quarter, which consisted of the full repayment of our first lien holdings in INW and The Men's Warehouse.

As a result of all of these activities, our net funded investments increased by approximately $28 million during the quarter. As Mark referenced, our NAV decrease during the quarter was driven primarily by declines in the unrealized mark-to-market value of our portfolio. This was in large part driven by reductions in market multiples and resulting valuations due to macro headwinds ranging from the Iranian war and widespread market concerns regarding potential crack in private credit, most specifically the software concentrations within the private capital sector and potential AI impact to those investments. For the quarter, the ratio of mark-to-market declines versus mark-to-market increases for our investments was approximately 2:1.

Our largest unrealized declines for the quarter were from our investments in Lux Credit, FuseFX, LAV Gear which is also known as 4Wall Entertainment, SIMR STATinMED and the common equity of David's Bridal. Lux Credit represented our largest decline as the sale process for the company resulted in final bids well below the initial indications of interest based on the company's significant asset base and EBITDA profile. Rather than the lenders restructuring and recapitalizing the company with additional investment, the majority of lenders decided to pursue a cash sale transaction and move on rather than restructure and invest. The sale closed early in the second quarter.

The mark value of our investments in FuseFX and LAV Gear were negatively impacted by reduced trailing EBITDA performance and lower multiples as the sector rebuilds event and production pipelines from the writers' strike that delayed the release queue of new scripts and production content throughout the industry. Through January and February of 2026, LAV Gear's performance demonstrated stronger-than-projected recovery that we expect to continue into Q2. The unrealized decline in the mark of our SIMR STATinMED term loan was driven by both the relative increase in value to priority senior tranches where CION has a larger pro rata interest and lower revenue multiples derived from quasi comparable large-cap biopharma service companies impacted by AI and software concerns.

As we have mentioned on previous quarterly calls, we expect to see significant quarter-to-quarter volatility in the marks of David's Bridal equity due to the larger overall relative size of our investment as well as the highly seasonal nature of the company's operations and working capital profile. In the face of difficult macro market sentiment, we also had a number of portfolio companies where the marks increased for the quarter due to stronger financial performance and projected outlook, including Longview Power, Hollander, TriMark, Avison Young and Services Compression (sic) [ Service Compression ]. From a portfolio credit perspective, our nonaccruals decreased from 1.78% of fair value in Q4 to 1.53% at the end of Q1.

On an amortized cost basis, the number increased from 4.32% of cost to 5.35%. We added one new name to nonaccrual, our term loan investment in Lux Credit Consultants. Given the sale of the company in early Q2, Lux Credit will be removed from nonaccrual next quarter. On an absolute basis, nonaccruals continue to be in line with historical experience, and we are pleased with the continued credit performance of our portfolio, particularly in the current macro environment. Overall, our portfolio remains defensive in nature with approximately 81% in first lien investments. Approximately 98% of our portfolio remains risk rated 3 or better.

Our risk rated 3 investments, which are investments where we expect full repayment but are either spending more engagement time and/or have seen increased risk, the initial asset purchase increased from approximately 11.5% in Q4 to 12.9% in Q1. I'll now turn the call over to Keith.

Keith Franz: Okay. Thank you, Gregg, and good morning, everyone. During the first quarter, net investment income was $12.9 million or $0.25 per share compared to $18.3 million or $0.35 per share reported in the fourth quarter. Total investment income was $49.5 million during the first quarter compared to $53.8 million reported during the fourth quarter. The decrease in total investment income was driven primarily by lower transaction fees recorded during the first quarter due to lower prepayment and investment activity and lower dividend income earned on our investments when compared to the prior quarter. On the expense side, total operating expenses were $36.7 million compared to $35.5 million reported in the fourth quarter.

The increase in operating expenses was primarily driven by higher interest expense due to an increase in the average debt balance outstanding and a higher weighted average cost of our debt capital during the quarter. These increases were driven as a direct result of refinancing our lower-yielding fixed rate notes and the repayment of a portion of our lower-yielding senior secured debt using the proceeds from our newly issued higher-yielding fixed rate baby bonds. The increase in our operating expenses was partially offset by lower advisory fees earned due to lower investment income recorded during the quarter.

At March 31, we had total assets of approximately $1.8 billion and total equity or net assets of $660 million with total debt outstanding of $1.2 billion and 50.3 million shares outstanding. Our portfolio at fair value ended the quarter at $1.7 billion, and the weighted average yield on our debt and other income-producing investments at amortized cost was 10.4%, which is slightly down from 10.7% in the fourth quarter. At March 31, our NAV was $13.11 per share as compared to $13.76 per share at the end of December. The decrease of $0.65 per share or 4.7% was primarily due to unrealized mark-to-market price decreases in our portfolio and underearning our distributions during the first quarter.

The decrease in NAV was partially offset by the accretive nature of our share repurchase program during the quarter. We ended the first quarter with a strong and flexible balance sheet with about $1.3 billion in unencumbered assets, a strong debt servicing capacity with an interest coverage ratio of about 2x and solid liquidity. We had over $100 million in cash and short-term investments and another $100 million available under our credit facilities. In terms of our debt capital, at March 31, we continue to have a healthy debt mix with about 75% in unsecured and 25% in senior secured bank debt.

About 60% of our debt capital is in floating rate, which aligns well and creates a natural hedge with our mostly floating rate investment portfolio. Our well-diversified debt structure is focused on unsecured debt in order to maximize our balance sheet flexibility and at the same time, creates a strong buffer for our financial covenants. At the end of the quarter, our net debt-to-equity ratio increased to 1.62x from 1.44x at the end of December. And the weighted average cost of our debt capital was about 7.52%, which is slightly up from the fourth quarter.

The increase in our weighted average cost of debt capital was directly due to refinancing our lower-yielding unsecured fixed rate debt and increasing our higher-yielding unsecured debt mix during the quarter. The increase in our net leverage ratio was primarily impacted by the quarterly decrease in our NAV and an increase in the average debt outstanding during the quarter. During the quarter, total debt increased by $35 million due to the timing of paying down a portion of our senior secured debt with a portion of the net proceeds raised from the new unsecured baby bond offering completed in February.

During the quarter, on February 9, we completed a public baby bond offering, issuing $135 million of new senior unsecured notes with a fixed interest rate of 7.5% due 2031, which listed and commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CICC on February 12. A portion of the net proceeds from this offering was used to repay $100 million under our JPMorgan credit facility at the end of March. We expect to use the remaining proceeds from this offering, along with proceeds from recent and expected repayment and sales activities to further reduce our leverage level over the next few quarters.

In addition, we will also consider rightsizing our leverage levels when we refinance our near-term maturity wall. In terms of our 2026 debt maturities, we continue to work with our banking partners and debt investors on refinancing our 2026 maturities over the next few months. Now turning to distributions. As previously announced, we changed the timing of paying base distributions to our shareholders from quarterly to monthly beginning in January 2026 to better align with our shareholder expectations. During the first quarter, we paid monthly base distributions to our shareholders totaling $0.30 per share.

We also declared our second quarter monthly base distributions totaling $0.30 per share, which were paid or will be paid at $0.10 per share per month for each of April, May and June. As a result, the trailing 12-month distribution yield through the first quarter based on the average NAV was about 9.8% and the trailing 12-month distribution yield based on the quarter end market price was 20.2%. As announced this morning, we declared our third quarter base distributions totaling $0.30 per share, which is the same as the second quarter. The third quarter base distributions will be paid monthly in July, August and September at $0.10 per share per month.

Okay, with that, I will now turn the call back to the operator, who will open the line for questions.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Erik Zwick with Lucid Capital Markets.

Erik Zwick: I wanted to start with a question on your commentary about kind of gradually reducing leverage. Wondering if you could potentially provide just maybe a little kind of quantitative thoughts there in terms of where is your target to get there? And potentially, what is the time frame to achieve that target?

Keith Franz: Yes, Erik, it's Keith. Yes, we're focused on getting those and driving those leverage levels down over the course of the remaining few quarters. We've got a few tranches that are in the queue to be repaid or matures this year. So we're going to take the advantage -- take advantage of either a combination of both rightsizing leverage through refinancing and/or using sales and repayments to reduce and drive down the leverage levels.

Erik Zwick: Okay. But no specific kind of...

Keith Franz: Time line?

Erik Zwick: Quantitative target at this point? Or just in terms of where you'd like the debt-to-equity ratio to kind of where you feel comfortable having that today?

Keith Franz: Yes, for sure. With the majority of our debt capital and unsecured, I think our leverage range is around 1.30, 1.35. Obviously, we're way above that. So it's going to take some time and some wood to chop to get us back there. But just looking at how our portfolio churns each and every year, at least 25% that generates an enormous amount of capital. So we intend to use that and other levers to drive the leverage levels down over the next couple of quarters.

Erik Zwick: That's helpful, Keith. And then just curious with regard to Lux Credit Consultants and the sale there. Was the final sales price consistent with the 3/31 fair value mark?

Keith Franz: Yes.

Erik Zwick: Okay. Okay. So no, nothing shouldn't be any additional kind of, I think, put in there. Okay. Great. And then one kind of -- just curious about the -- you had a strong quarter of originations in 1Q. How is the pipeline looking at this point? And what are you seeing in terms of spreads and how that compares to the existing portfolio yield?

Gregg Bresner: So Erik, we ended the quarter -- the quarter was [ S6 10 ] profile of our new investments. I would say we're being very careful. There is definitely a disconnect between the new issue market and the secondary and public markets for direct. I think there's still a cohort of a lot of fundraising that happened over the last 18 months where they're specifically targeted to the new issue cohort. So I would say we're still trying to maintain our S6 target. So we're being incredibly choosy because we see better opportunities candidly in the secondary markets in the portfolio and to buy back our stock compared to seeing spreads still relatively tight in new issue specifically.

Erik Zwick: Gregg, and how does the pipeline look in terms of opportunities? Is the kind of global and macroeconomic uncertainty impacting things at all? Or are you still seeing quite a few attractive opportunities to invest in?

Gregg Bresner: No, we're still seeing attractive opportunities. But proportionately for us, I think it's -- we don't have to do a massive amount of deals to proportionately deploy money. But I will say that the environment has definitely affected M&A. We are seeing reduced M&A activity because of macro as well as where interest rates are. So -- but with our proportional deployments, we're still seeing a pretty rich opportunity set. It's just a question of picking the best ones.

Erik Zwick: Got it. And last one for me. I appreciate the commentary about David's Bridal and the seasonality there. One, I guess, could you just remind me, I think, kind of typically the second and third quarters are the strongest for them given the traditional wedding season. But also curious if you could provide an update on the -- I believe it's the Pearl? Is that the online initiative that had been introduced over the past year or so and how that's progressing?

Gregg Bresner: Sure. So you're exactly right. Q2 and Q3 are the seasonally strongest quarters for David's Bridal. And the Pearl Marketplace segment is ramping -- is accelerating. So we've been very pleased with the ramp in that particular part of the business. And strategically, that is the focus for Bridal today as we move more and more of our business to digital. And so that's been a good growth part of the business.

Operator: And this concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the call back to management for final comments.

Michael Reisner: I wanted to thank everybody for joining us today. We appreciate your support and interest in our CION Investment Corp., and we look forward to speaking to you next quarter.

Operator: Thank you. And this concludes today's conference, and you may disconnect your lines at this time. We thank you for your participation.