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DATE

Monday, May 18, 2026 at 10 a.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

• Chairman and Chief Executive Officer — Takahiko Onozuka
• Chief Strategy Officer — Rhone Resch
• Chief Financial Officer — Taewoo Chung
• Senior Board Adviser — Liang Shi
• President — Crocker Coulson

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TAKEAWAYS

• Revenue -- $142.8 million, up 177% year over year from $51.5 million, driven by increased solar cell and module shipment volumes as manufacturing capacity expansions became fully operational.
• Gross Margin -- 33.5%, a sharp rise from 9.3% year over year, attributed to scaling production and improved cost structure.
• Net Income -- $28.4 million, compared to a net loss of $3.7 million in the prior year period.
• Diluted Earnings per Share -- $0.75, a reversal from $(0.10) in the previous year.
• Gross Profit -- $47.8 million, up 894.8% from $4.8 million a year earlier.
• Operating Expenses -- $11.5 million, rising 89.4% from $6.1 million, primarily due to increased sales commissions, advertising expenses, and headcount from scaling operations.
• Selling & Marketing Expenses -- $2 million, up from $0.5 million, tied to higher sales commission and marketing activities.
• General & Administrative Expenses -- $9.5 million, an increase of 69.1% from $5.6 million, reflecting larger operational scale.
• Non-GAAP EBITDA -- $48.1 million, compared with $2.4 million in the previous year.
• Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA -- $48.3 million, up from $2.8 million.
• Cash and Restricted Cash -- $72.2 million as of March 31, 2026, compared to $58.9 million at December 31, 2025, signaling substantial cash generation.
• U.S. Module Production Expansion -- Existing 1 GW Houston facility is on track to double capacity to 2 GW by the third quarter of 2026, with phased capacity increases over coming months.
• Planned U.S. Solar Cell Facility -- New Houston-based cell manufacturing line targeting 1.5 GW annual capacity, with execution expected to begin in the second half of 2026.
• Full-Year 2026 Guidance -- Solar cell segment volume forecast of 5.5-5.8 GW, module segment forecast of 1.0-1.3 GW, and adjusted net income guidance of $90 million to $100 million, reaffirmed by management.
• Revenue Mix -- Management stated that "over 3/4 of our business will be from the U.S. customers, U.S-oriented businesses." for 2026.
• Capital Expenditures (CapEx) -- $30 million in 2026 for the Houston module expansion, with funding expected from operating cash flow; majority of cell facility CapEx will occur in 2027.
• 45x Credits -- Chief Strategy Officer Rhone Resch stated, "The 45x credits are not in our guidance for but they do provide an upside," clarifying exclusion from current financial projections.
• Customer Demand -- Management commented on "very strong demand and interest from our existing customer portfolio for the products for the next 2 years" in the U.S. market.
• Manufacturing Integration -- The Houston facility will house both 2 GW of module and 1.5 GW of cell capacity, creating a vertically integrated U.S. operation.
• U.S.-Based R&D Center -- Plans detailed for a domestic research center focused on solar cell engineering and manufacturing excellence.

SUMMARY

The call presented TOYO (TOYO 6.62%)'s achievement of record revenue, gross profit, and net income, highlighted by a swing to profitability and significant margin expansion. Management outlined a concrete plan to double U.S. module capacity and establish new solar cell manufacturing in Houston, with execution slated for later in the year. Detailed discussion clarified that 45x tax credits are not included in 2026 guidance, presenting a possible future earnings upside. Guidance for full-year solar segment shipments and adjusted net income was fully reaffirmed. U.S. customers are expected to generate over 75% of revenue in 2026, with no reported disruptions in equipment delivery or expansion timelines.

• Management emphasized the company's security of supply chain and quality control via integrated domestic production.
• Operational cash flow is projected to cover near-term capital expansion according to executive statements.
• No material equipment delivery delays or expediting costs have been observed in ongoing Houston expansions.
• Plans for an in-house U.S. R&D center were confirmed as part of the company's onshoring and innovation priorities.
• Vietnam cell plant output is exclusively for non-U.S. markets, highlighting TOYO's U.S.-centric revenue focus in 2026 and modularity of its supply chain.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

• FIAC-compliant modules: Photovoltaic modules meeting "Federal Investment and Appropriations Compliance" standards for U.S. government or regulated projects.
• 45x credits: U.S. federal production tax credits under Section 45X of the Inflation Reduction Act, incentivizing domestic manufacturing of clean energy components such as solar cells and modules.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Crocker Coulson: Thanks, Kate. Hello, everyone, and thanks for joining us to review TOYO's first quarter 2026 results. This morning, TOYO posted both the earnings release and a related investor presentation to our website, which you can find at investors.toyo-solar.com. With me on the call today are Onozuka-san, TOYO's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Raymond Chung, TOYO's Chief Financial Officer; and Rhone Resch, TOYO's Chief Strategy Officer. We also have Simon Shi, Senior Board Adviser, who will be available during the Q&A portion of this call. After their prepared remarks are concluded, we're going to open up this call for your questions.

But before we begin, the financial results discussed on this call are for the first quarter of 2026 and 2025 are unaudited and some statements in this teleconference are forward-looking within the meaning of federal securities laws. Although we believe these statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that they will prove to be accurate because they are prospective in nature. During this call, we will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures such as adjusted net income and adjusted EBITDA. We believe these measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our operational performance by excluding noncash items and onetime charges that may not be indicative of our core business.

Actual results could differ materially from those we discuss today and we encourage you to review the most recent annual report on Form 20-F and other SEC filings for risk factors that could materially impact our results. With those formalities out of the way, it's now my great pleasure to turn the call over to Onozuka-san, TOYO's Chairman and CEO. Onozuka-san, please go ahead.

Takahiko Onozuka: Thank you, Crocker. I'm very pleased to report that TOYO delivered a strong first quarter of 2026, one that I believe marks a true inflection point in the company's trajectory. We achieved record revenue, record gross profit and record net income for the company all in a single quarter. This is a result of years of deliberate investment in our technology, manufacturing capabilities and there are people and it is gratifying to see that work translate into these kind of the financial results. Let me walk you through the headline numbers at the high level. Revenue for Q1 2026 was approximately USD 142.8 million, a 177% increase year-over-year from of $51.5 billion in Q1 2025.

This growth was broad based, driven by significant higher solar cell and module shipment volumes, as our expanded manufacturing footprint came freely online. Gross margin expanded to 33.5%, up from 9.3% in the prior year quarter. This reflects the structural improvement in our business model as we have scale production and improve our cost restructure across the board. Net income for the quarter was $28.4 million compared to a net loss of $3.7 million in quarter -- Q1 2025. Diluted earnings per share was $0.75 versus a loss of $0.10 per share in Q1 2025.

This swing to profitability is something we are very proud of, and we believe it reflects a suitable change in the earnings power of this business. Demand for our high-efficiency solar solutions across the United States remained strong, driven by the accelerating energy transition. We believe that the market is coming to recognize that solar paired with battery energy storage is the first test and most cost-effective way to add a large amount of new power grid to meet AI-driven demand while keeping costs manageable for customers.

Based on our Q1 performance and our visibility into the remaining of the year, we are reaffirming our full year 2026 guidance of solar cell segment between 5.5 and 5.8 gigawatts, solar module segment of between 1.0 and 1.3 gigawatts and full year adjusted net income in the range of USD 90 million to USD 100 million. We are confident in these targets. I will now turn the call over to our CSO, Rhone Resch, to review our strategy for 2026.

Rhone Resch: Thank you, Onozuka-san, and good morning, everyone. I'd like to take a few minutes to discuss our near-term expansion plans and what they mean for TOYO's long-term manufacturing footprint in the United States. Our first priority is the expansion of our U.S. module facility in Houston, Texas. We currently operate approximately 1 gigawatt of annual module production and remain on track to increase that to 2 gigawatts by the third quarter of 2026. So we are building that out right now as we speak, and it's on track. This expansion is in progress and with additional production capacity expected to come online in phases over the next couple of months.

Based on progress we're seeing today, we remain confident in our Q3 2026 timeline. We believe this expanded footprint positions TOYO to support continued customer demand and provides a strong foundation for growth in 2027 and beyond. Demand for domestically manufactured FIAC-compliant modules continues to accelerate and this expansion positions us to serve that market at a meaningful scale. Our second initiative is to establish a domestic solar cell manufacturing capacity. We are in the final stages of planning our U.S. solar cell manufacturing facility, which is currently being designed for approximately 1.5 gigawatts of annual production. This will also take place at our Houston facility.

We expect to complete the planning process in the near term and begin transitioning from development and site preparation into execution during the second half of this year 2026. We are being deliberate and disciplined in our approach, working with local officials on permitting and environmental issues, evaluating sites, capital requirements, equipment sourcing and the broader supply chain implications. And one of the key points here is that we already have the facility. It's a 567,000 square foot facility where we manufacture our modules and we'll be expanding at that site.

As many of you know, TOYO has a strong record of developing and ramping manufacturing facilities on schedule once we move into execution, and we expect to bring the same disciplined approach to our U.S. solar cell facility. We look forward to providing additional details in outlining our broader development plan as we progress through the next stages of the project. When both of these initiatives are complete, TOYO will have 2 gigawatts of solar module capacity and 1.5 gigawatts of solar cell capacity, all in the same facility, all in the United States. This is a meaningful and differentiated manufacturing presence, and it would make TOYO one of the most vertically integrated domestic solar producers in the country.

We are also committed to bringing next-generation solar technology to the United States in support of American energy independence and energy security objectives. As a company, from one of America's closest allies, Japan, we believe TOYO can play an important role in helping revitalize advanced U.S. solar manufacturing. That commitment includes plans for a U.S.-based R&D center focused on solar cell engineering and manufacturing excellence, leveraging the expertise of our CTO and our advanced engineering team. This integrated manufacturing footprint provides our customers with a transparent domestically produced product and aligns closely with U.S. onshoring and energy security objectives and gives TOYO greater control over supply chain reliability, manufacturing quality and long-term execution.

We are building this step by step and look forward to providing further updates as we progress. I will now turn the call over to our CFO, Raymond Chung, to review our financial results. Raymond?

Taewoo Chung: Thank you, Rhone. So I would like to go over financial performance of Q1. So revenue for Q1 or approximately $142.8 million representing year-over-year growth of 177% from $51.5 million in Q1 2025. This growth was primarily driven by significantly higher solar cells and solar module sales volume, underpinned by full ramp-up of our expanded manufacturing capacity. Cost of revenue was approximately $95 million in Q1 2025 compared to $46.7 million in Q1 2025, reflecting the substantially higher production and shipment volume during the period. Gross profit was approximately $47.8 million, an increase of 894.8% from $4.8 million in Q1 2025. Gross margin quadrupled to 33.5% from 9.3%.

The total operating expenses for Q1 2026 were approximately $11.5 million, an increase of 89.4%, compared to $6.1 million in Q1 2025. Selling and marketing expenses were $2 million compared to $0.5 million in prior year period. The increase primarily reflects higher sales commissions in line with revenue growth, plus testing, advertising and headcount. General and administrative expenses were $9.5 million, up by 69.1% compared to $5.6 million in Q1 2025. This increase was primarily driven by the broader operating scale of the business, following the commissioning of our new 4 gigawatts cell line and our Houston module facility over the course of 2025.

Non-GAAP EBITDA for Q1 2026 was $48.1 million compared to of $2.4 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $45.7 million. Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA was $48.3 million compared to adjusted EBITDA of $2.8 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $45.5 million. The improvement was driven by revenue scale-up gross margin increase from 9.3% in to 33.5% compared to the prior year quarter and disciplined operating cost management and production efficiencies. Net income for Q1 2026 was approximately $28.4 million compared to a net loss of $3.7 million in Q1 2025, a year-over-year improvement of approximately $32.1 million. Diluted earnings per share for Q1 2026 or $0.75 compared to a loss per share of $0.10 in Q1 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, the company held $72.2 million in cash and restricted cash, including noncurrent restricted cash. This compares favorably to $58.9 million as of December 31, 2025, reflecting solid operating cash generation during the quarter. That concludes the financial review.

Crocker Coulson: Great. Thank you, Raymond. Operator, I think we're now ready to open it up for Q&A. Could you please provide instructions as to how listeners can ask questions? Thanks so much.

Operator: [Operator Instructions]. Your first question comes from the line of Amit Dayal with HC Wainwright.

Amit Dayal: Congrats on the execution. Just wanted to clarify the guide for 2026. Are the 45x credits part of the net income guidance or that could potentially be some upside to the net income for 2026?

Rhone Resch: Amit, this is Rhone. The 45x credits are not in our guidance for but they do provide an upside, and we're going through the review of our 2025 production from the facility in Houston. And clearly, as we're ramping up the facility in Houston, the 45x creates a good opportunity for us. I think what's important to point out is the level of auditing and scrutiny we've gone through to ensure that we are fully compliant with 45x and that process does take a little time, but we're playing a very conservative role here in order to not count on 45x. But certainly, it provides an opportunity for us in the future.

Amit Dayal: Understood. And just a follow-up. On the CapEx for your U.S. expansion plans, is the majority of that already implemented? It looks like for the cell production, you may have some costs around equipment, et cetera. Just wondering if you have a sense of how much CapEx will be needed over the next year to get everything completed and ramped up?

Rhone Resch: The CapEx that we listed this year is really for both the final payments of Ethiopia and then the build-out of our second gigawatt of module production in Houston. We do have some very detailed analysis on the cell plants, obviously, as we've spent the last 6 months going into great detail in the planning, but we're not ready to announce specifically the details of the cell facility. And -- but you're right, there will be some expenses this year, but the majority is in 2027.

Crocker Coulson: I think for the expansion of modules, they're looking at $30 million in CapEx this year, which can be easily funded through operating cash flow.

Amit Dayal: Just last one, guys. The revenue outlook for 2026, is that majority U.S.? Or if you could just clarify what's the geographic mix of that revenue?

Crocker Coulson: Simon, do you want to add? No. Okay. Rhone, go ahead.

Rhone Resch: Well, I was just going to say, in 2026, the majority of our customers are in the United States. Obviously, as we're ramping up -- remember, our module facility really came on in the fourth quarter of 2025, and now we're expanding it. So the majority of our revenue is coming from U.S. customers. But Simon, do you have specific details you want to share?

Liang Shi: Yes. Yes. Actually, that depends on the movement of the pricing, but we believe in terms of volume, at least in over 3/4 of our business will be from the U.S. customers, U.S-oriented businesses.

Crocker Coulson: I mean -- I think, as you know, the Vietnam cell plant is -- none of that product comes to the U.S. So that's serving other markets.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Colin Rusch with Oppenheimer.

Colin Rusch: Can you talk a little bit about the equipment deliveries into Texas and any delays that you might be concerned about or any expediting fees that we might want to think about as part of the CapEx plan?

Crocker Coulson: Simon, do you want to take that one?

Liang Shi: Yes. Thank you. Yes, thanks for the question. So far, because we're undergoing both module production expansion and a potential sale production implementation in Houston and neither of the 2 projects were from -- we're seeing any material impact on equipment delivery or other things so far. So that's how we're taking at the moment.

Colin Rusch: Okay. That's super helpful. And then, I guess, on the marketing side, I just want to get a sense of the competitive landscape. It seems like you guys have some nice legacy customers in the U.S. and transitioning into the U.S. production should be a pretty compelling sales proposition for them. But just curious about how competitive your supply agreements are right now? And how you see that evolving here over the next couple of years as a couple of folks start to expand capacity in the U.S.?

Rhone Resch: Yes, since we are moving towards more expansion of our production in the U.S., both for module and the potential for cell. Actually, we are seeing very strong demand and interest from our existing customer portfolio for the products for the next 2 years. Even though I don't have any official information about our sales production plan so far in the U.S., I will assume that we will be a very robust demand in the U.S., either from our current customer or potential customer for the products, domestic products.

Crocker Coulson: And just to make it clear, we do expect to have more information on that fairly soon.

Operator: I'll now turn the call back over to Crocker Coulson for closing remarks.

Crocker Coulson: Great. Well, we really appreciate the time that everyone took to join us on the call today. I think you can tell that the whole team is very excited about what's ahead for TOYO in the coming years and in 2026 specifically. Feel free to reach out to us with any questions from management that we couldn't cover on today's call or if you'd like to visit with management on future trips to the U.S., U.K. and Europe to meet with investors. Thanks so much.

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.