Image source: The Motley Fool.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co (BMY 1.25%)
Q3Â 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Oct. 25, 2018, 10:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day, and welcome to the Bristol-Myers Squibb 2018 Third Quarter Results Conference Call. Today's call is being recorded.
At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Mr. John Elicker, Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Vicki, and good morning, everybody. Thanks for joining us for the Q3 call. Giovanni and Charlie will have prepared remarks as usual, and joining us for Q&A are Tom Lynch, our Chief Scientific Officer; and Chris Boerner, our Chief Commercial Officer.
Before we get started, I'll take care of the Safe Harbor language. During the call, we'll make statements about the company's future plans and prospects that constitute forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors including those discussed in the company's SEC filings.
These forward-looking statements represent our estimates as of today and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any future date. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update forward-looking even if our estimates change.
We're also going to focus our comments during the call on our non-GAAP financial measures, which are adjusted to exclude certain specified items. Reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measures are available at our website. Giovanni?
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, John. Good morning, everyone. Today, we announced another very strong quarter with sales growth of 8% and non-GAAP earnings-per-share growth of 45%.
With that said, I'm aware of some of the frustration that many of you have. I wanted you to know that I acknowledge your concerns, and today, I'm going to give you my perspective on some of the things I've heard from you.
Let me start with the news on our TMB filing, then I'll provide my perspective on the quarter, and finally I'll discuss how I am thinking about the company going into 2019 and beyond. Charlie will provide some color on the financials and Tom and Chris are here for your questions.
So, let me step back and discuss first where we are with TMB. We have always believed in pursuing areas of high unmet need, and following the science to bring the best options to patients. TMB is an important example of that. As we described earlier this year, based on the emerging data for TMB, we amended study two to seven to evaluate PFS in high TMB patients and demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS.
We did it in a way that had no impact on the statistical plan for OS in Part 1a and Part 2. With regard to the current regulatory filing for TMB, we have always said this was going to be a complex review, and we recognized that the additional OS data increases that complexity. We remain committed to working with health authorities on the application.
We continue to believe that TMB is scientifically important, and as you know, several other companies as well as academic institutions are working to advance the understanding of TMB. Based on everything we see, we believe TMB will play a role in the treatment of cancer, and we look forward to advancing our research in this area.
Turning now to our results. We delivered another great quarter with outstanding execution across the company. We saw strong demand growth and meaningful market share trends in our portfolio. With Opdivo and Eliquis continuing to be positioned well. Specifically, our IO franchise performed well in a highly competitive market.
Our existing indications contributed strong results, including second-line lung, where we maintain a leading share. Our new indications also performed well. We continue to see strong update for the uptake for the adjuvant melanoma indication in the US and had begun to launch in the early reimbursement markets in Europe, such as Germany.
Let me turn to the other newly launched indication, first-line renal. I know there has been a lot of news and debate about how this market is going to evolve. So, let me give you my perspective. I feel very good about our market position. We were the first IO approved in renal, and we've been calling on physicians who treat renal cancer for almost three years. We've established Opdivo as the leading agent in the second line setting in a very competitive market.
With the approval in first-line Opdivo plus Yervoy is already the leading treatment for patients with intermediate and poor risk. We've achieved this by executing well in the market and leveraging a competitive profile for the combination, which includes strong overall survival, compelling complete response rates and good tolerability.
We operate in competitive markets around the world and I have full confidence in the commercial organization to continue to be successful in RCC. Looking forward for Opdivo, based on the strong trends through three quarters, we continue to believe that Opdivo will grow in '19. Based on the current set of indications today.
Let me now turn to Eliquis, the other key growth franchise in our business. We are seeing strong trends, and Eliquis has now become the number one oral anticoagulant in the US. This is an incredible milestone reinforcing the clinical value that Eliquis offers in stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. I'm confident that Eliquis continues to have an important opportunity for growth going forward.
Now looking ahead into '19, the momentum in our business gives us a solid foundation for growth. Additionally, for 2020 and beyond, I see further potential growth drivers in the future, coming from a number of sources. First, in oncology, we have over 20 registrational trials reading out between now and 2023 in more than 10 tumor types.
Importantly, this includes six ongoing trials across multiple indications in the adjuvant setting. This is an area with great progress with readouts beginning in 2020. With respect now to the early pipeline, one of the things we've learned is that for earlier IO assets, it is helpful where possible to see randomized data before moving to registrational studies.
And we've applied this to four to five programs, where we expect data to enable go-don't go decisions in '19. As you know, one of my key priorities is to further diversify our portfolio, and I think we've made good progress in '18. I want to highlight some key areas. First, we've moved TYK2 into Phase III, based on the very promising data in psoriasis you saw in September.
And I look forward to the opportunity to broaden the TYK2 program based on Phase II readouts in the other potential indications such as Crohn's UC and Lupus. In addition, earlier this year, we entered into a partnership with Janssen for Factor XIa, which is now beginning Phase II. With respect to the FGF21 program, we started the Phase II needed to enable a Phase III program.
And finally, next year, we expect data from our nitroxyl donor agent that will inform a potential registrational start. Business development has always been a core part of our strategy as we look to source innovation externally to diversify the portfolio , and then further support long-term growth. This remains a company priority. One, that I am very focused on.
Our stronger balances sheet gives us flexibility in this regard. In closing, while acknowledging the intensively competitive markets where we operate, I feel good about our performance in the quarter, the momentum in our business as we head into next year, and the breadth of opportunities for longer-term growth.
With that, I'll hand it over to Charlie for more specifics on the quarter.
Charles Bancroft -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Giovanni. Good morning, everyone. This was another strong quarter for the company, highlighted by continued growth across our key brands including Opdivo and Eliquis. As Giovanni mentioned, Opdivo trends remain strong and we are executing at a high level with our new launches in adjuvant melanoma and first-line renal cell in the US.
Looking at our international business, we continue to see growth across core indications and we are in the early days of launching and securing reimbursement for adjuvant melanoma. The strength of Yervoy in the US continues to be driven by the uptake of the Opdivo-Yervoy regimen in renal cell and continued leadership of the regimen in metastatic melanoma.
With these trends in mind, we feel really good about our competitive position and expect that Opdivo will deliver growth in 2019. Also contributing to the strong commercial execution was Eliquis which during the quarter became the number one OAC in the US in total prescriptions.
While Eliquis TRx volume was up 36% versus prior year. It's important to remember that the impact of coverage gap is most pronounced in the third quarter and when compared to our second quarter, net sales were reduced by roughly 100 million, also impacting sales was an inventory reduction of approximately 50 million. We believe that Eliquis's profile and leading market position will be further strengthened by compelling real world data such as the AstraZeneca study shared at ACC earlier this year.
And with warfarin TRx share roughly 35% in the US, we believe Eliquis has significant headroom for further growth as the leading agent in the expanding NOAC class. Now I'd like to highlight a number of items from our non-GAAP P&L. As I mentioned back in July, we are beginning to see a moderating of the impact of product mix on our gross margin.
Regarding OpEx, we remain disciplined in order to facilitate differential investment behind R&D. As you know, we tend to see a natural phasing of investment toward the final quarter of the year. As I previously mentioned, other income and expense has increased mainly due to royalties from our diabetes alliance and PD-1 products.
And finally, with regard to our tax rate, favorability in the quarter was largely due to the release of reserve from prior periods and the impact of the US tax reform. With respect to capital allocation and as Giovanni mentioned, we continue to view BD as a top priority. We maintain a very strong balance sheet that provides us significant financial flexibility, and we'll evaluate opportunities on the basis of their strategic, scientific, and financial fit.
I'll now move onto guidance. Based on strong sales trends and favorable product mix, we expect to deliver revenue growth in the high single-digit range and gross margin as a percentage of revenue of approximately 71%.
We now expect our effective tax rate to be roughly 17%. With these revisions, we are increasing our non-GAAP EPS guidance range by $0.25. And, as always, our guidance assumes current foreign exchange rates.
Now, I'll turn it back to John to start the Q&A.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Giovanni and thanks, Charlie. Vicki, I think, we're ready to go to questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) And we will take our first question today from Alex Arfaei with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Alex Arfaei -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Great, thank you very much. And I appreciate all the color. First on RCC, is it fair to assume that this is going to get an increasingly fragmented market. I fully appreciate your OS data in the high-risk patients. What is your, I guess, confidence about being able to protect that business given your survival data? That's the first question.
And then Tom, I'm just wondering, if I could get your thoughts from Merck's anti-CTLA-4 data at ESMO. It looks to be active, it seems to be better tolerated. I appreciate that the data is relatively small in early, but just wondering how you view that as a competitive risk for Yervoy? Thank you.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Alex. Why don't we start with Chris in RCC and then we'll move to Tom.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Yes, Alex. Thanks for the question. I think it's useful to step back and really level set on the dynamics in renal cell even beyond Giovanni's opening comments. And so, let me get at your question by sort of giving a little bit of perspective here.
We've been in this market for a number of years. We know these physicians, they know us, they know our drugs and we have a strong base book of business in renal cell. In second line, we are standard of care in most of our major markets and in many of those, including the United States, market share is at or north of 50%.
So, that's the second line business. As we look at the first-line setting share is currently in the 30% to 35% range, which you may know we've achieved an roughly six weeks post-approval. And as was pointed out at ESMO both from the podium, as well as, with the customers we spoke with, Opdivo plus low dose Yervoy is and should continue to be standard of care in the US.
So, I think, if you step back and ask yourself, why have we achieve that level of success, I think, there are a couple of things at play. First, we have a very good profile with Opdivo plus Yervoy. We have OS demonstrated both with a compelling median as well as compelling two-year landmark data. We've got deep and durable responses, and as I think we've talked about previously durability is really important, not just in this market, but also in other tumors.
With a manageable safety profile and Opdivo plus Yervoy has demonstrated an improvement in patient quality of life in this settings, so that's important as well. Now, with respect to the competitor news that we've seen. I think you are right, in the long-term, you will see a much more fragmented market, but a couple of things are true.
First, we need to see the data coming from Merck and we look forward to seeing that at an upcoming conference, but with comparison to the data that we saw at ESMO. We continue to believe that Opdivo plus Yervoy has a very competitive profile. We are compelling on overall survival. We are compelling on complete response rates. I mean, we are compelling with respect to the safety profile and quality of life.
Now how the competitive data evolves, we'll have to see, but based on what we've seen so far, we feel very good about the competitive profile of Opdivo plus Yervoy in renal cell. The second thing, we feel very good about is the ability of our team to compete in this market. I actually ran the US business when we launched in the second-line setting that was a market that was dominated by TKIs. We not only introduced IO, but we made it standard of care. That same dynamic has played out in the first-line setting and I feel very good about our team's ability to continue to compete in this space.
So, net-net, this is a very dynamic environment, there are things that we don't yet know, but If I step back and think about the things we do know, we've been promoting in this space for almost three years. We have a very competitive profile, and the teams are executing exceptionally well, and I have every expectation, we'll continue to do so.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
Alex, thank you for your comment. Your question on CTLA-4. So, I'm going to just say a couple of things. I'm not going to comment directly on Merck's drug. I think, that's probably better for them to do that. What I will tell you is, couple of things about CTLA-4. I think CTLA-4 is a very important target. It's been something that we've been extremely proud of at Bristol-Myers Squibb in terms of how we have pursued this target.
Let's just think about what we've learned about CTLA-4. We have shown, as Chris just told you, we've shown that we are able to improve outcomes dramatically in renal and in melanoma. We've made major improvements in the outcome of taking care of patients in those settings.
The durability of response that we see with our Opdivo and Yervoy together is something that again we're very proud of, and I think it's made a big difference for patients. And not only in renal cell and melanoma, but if you look at MSI colon cancer, if you look at bladder cancer, if you look at the small cell lung cancer, if you look at non-small cell lung cancer.
Those are all areas where we have shown evidence that CTLA-4 plus Opdivo can make a difference. I think those are all very important to keep in mind. I think also something that Chris said that I think is extremely important to emphasize is when you look at patient reported outcomes, and we've looked at patient reported outcomes in our non-small cell studies, we find that the patient reported outcomes for patients treated with a combination of Opdivo Yervoy can be superior to those for patients treated with the chemotherapy backbone.
So, I think, that CTLA-4 remains a very important target. We also think that when you give CTLA-4 and the doses that we're giving in renal cell and non-small cell, it is very well tolerated. In addition, we're continuing to develop new ways of targeting CTLA-4. For example, we have a CTLA-4 Probody that we're developing CytomX. This is an agent, which we think will preferentially get into tumors, and will be able to possibly modulate some of the peripheral immune-related events and accentuates some of the anti-tumor events.
We also have a 90 close-related formulation of CTLA-4. Both of these drugs are in phase. One of these drugs we expect to have some readouts in 2019. So, CTLA-4, is a very important target for Bristol-Myers Squibb. And when we look forward to presenting additional data for in the next coming year.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Alex, for the question. Can we go to the next one please, Vicki.
Operator
Yeah. So, we'll now go to Jami Rubin with Goldman Sachs.
Jami Rubin -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Thank you. Giovanni, I very much appreciate your opening comments. They were helpful, but I can't help to think that Bristol-Myers feels like the company is in a similar situation that was in two years ago after the failure of CheckMate-026. And clearly the big bet the company made in exploring the nivo in front-line lung hasn't materialized exactly the way it was expected.
And while we still await the outcome of chemo combo. It's looking less and less likely that Bristol will have a meaningful role in the front-line lung market. You might disagree and I'd like to hear that, but how are you hedging your bets against what clearly was supposed to be one of the most important growth drivers of the company.
Is there more of an urgency to explore M&A options or other strategic initiatives to change the company narrative. And can we read into the fact that you did not announce a share buyback program today like Merck did, even though your stock is at a 52-week low that you're likely to do something in M&A relatively soon? Thanks.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Jamie. So, let me answer your questions. First of all on our oncology strategy. If you step back, I believe it is fair to say that from the beginning a really important core pillar of our strategy has been to focus on IO combinations as a way of replacing standard of care where appropriate. And what I would say is that in some areas this strategy has been very successful, because when you look at melanoma, when you look at renal cell and potentially other tumors in the future. First of all, we've established new standards of care and second, we made Yervoy into a really important medicine for patient and a good and an important product for the company. I think it's also important to recognize that as data has matured that has shown the value of combining immuno-oncology agents and specifically Opdivo with existing standards of care like chemotherapy and some targeted agents.
We have broadened our scope to include combination strategies including chemotherapy, which is currently ongoing across multiple times of tumors, and where appropriate with targeted agents like TKIs, which is for example, the case in the work, we are doing in renal cell, so our strategy has broadened and the clinical trials that we've designed over the last few years has reflected a broader approach to Immuno-Oncology.
With respect to your question about capital allocation, as I said in my prepared remarks, we continue to think about business development as a really important driver. As I said, it's one I'm really focused on personally, and as part of that, I would say, we've demonstrated to also have a fairly balanced capital allocation strategy. We've been committed to the dividend for a long time, and we've increased it year-over-year multiple times.
In the past, we've executed meaningful share repurchases programs, where we've felt it was the right thing to do, maybe more opportunistically. And again, as I said, a core pillar of our strategy is business development, which is really linked to my priority to continue to diversify the business.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Jami. Vickie, can we go to the next question, please?
Operator
Yes. Next is Jason Gerberry with Bank of America.
Jason Gerberry -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning and thanks for taking my question. Just wanted to come back to the comment about the importance of TMB. As we think about next year, CheckMate 9LA, in lieu of some of the more recent updates, is that a patient population you plan on selecting for in the primary analysis? Just trying to get a sense of how you're prioritizing TMB. And, then my second question, just on TYK2. Can you comment the trials on CT.gov obviously don't list the dose strengths and the dosing regimens but can you at least confirm that these are the dose strengths that got PASI 75 scores that were roughly 2x the active compare that you're going to be studying against? Thanks.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
Jason, thank you. So, a couple of ways of approaching it. The first one just to talk about TMB. I think as Giovanni said in the very beginning, TMB is a great example of how we are following the science, that helps us understand how drugs work well in immuno-oncology and I think that's a very important pillar to how R&D is done at Bristol-Myers Squibb.
I think that as you've seen, we have introduced the measurement of TMB in a number of our different studies. In 9LA, we have required collection, or attempted collection, for TMB from patient samples but we don't stratify based on TMB in study 9LA. I think that's really important to keep that in mind. So, I think TMB will continue to play an important role.
I think we look forward to seeing the interaction of TMB with a number of different biomarkers as we move forward, and I think that 9LA will be a dataset that will hopefully give us that opportunity for looking at that, but of course that's not till sometime next year.
Think your second question on TYK2 is a very good question, and I think one that is an area that we think is extremely exciting to us. As you know, Jason, TYK2 is very unique as a molecule in that it hits both the IL-1223 axis as well as the Type 1 interferon axis; and it's an oral compound.
And what's interesting is the way this was done, and again it's a real testament to the discovery chemists at Bristol-Myers Squibb under the leadership of Carla Chico, what they were able to do is actually target the pseudo kinase.
So, we don't end up with the JAK-type side effects that you see with some of the JAK inhibitors. So it's got a unique mechanism of action which we think is going to lead to a favorable side effect profile, and of course we only have one large Phase 2 study.
So, it's going to take more time before we understand fully how the drug is going to be used. At this point we have not disclosed the dose that's being used, for competitive reasons, but we do think we have two very well-designed trials that will unlock the potential for this drug in psoriasis.
Now in addition, Jason, I think it's important to remember, TYK2 is a drug we're not developing. We're developing not just for psoriasis, but we also have active studies in psoriatic arthritis, we're moving into inflammatory bowel disease, and we also think it's important to think that lupus is an area that could be important.
Now I know lupus has been an area of very difficult in the area of drug development and drug design, but we do think because of the Type 1 interferon interaction of TYK2 that it's an area that we really should be looking at with this drug as well.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Jason, let me just go back to your first question for a second, and I just want to make sure to clarify that as we think about TMB being an important element of many of our studies going forward, you shouldn't be thinking about that as being a primary endpoint in future studies. It's one of the areas we are exploring and that's clearly the case for 9LA.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Jason. Can we go to the next question please, Vickie?
Operator
Next is Tim Anderson with Wolfe Research.
Timothy Anderson -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Thank you. A couple of Opdivo questions. Investors are starting to question what sort of OS hazard ratio you might show with part two of 227 relative to the big hazard ratio number out of KEYNOTE-189. And I'm really only talking about the non-squamous segment where you can make an appropriate side-by-side comparison to 189.
To me it seems pretty improbable that most trials are going to show a hazard ratio as good as what was shown in 189, but to me that also doesn't render your program irrelevant in first-line depending on what that number is. So, the question here is really, what sort of hazard ratio do you think you need to show in the non-squamous population, such that institutions that are currently using Opdivo in second-line lung or other tumor types say, hey that's good enough, it continues to support that the PD-1s are probably in reality all the same.
And then the second question is beyond 2019, of course, everyone is asking whether Opdivo goes ex-growth in that period, so you're only confirming 2019. So, any sort of comfort you can give us about the beyond 2019 outlook, and if not today, when might we get such guidance?
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Tim, thanks for the questions. Let me start with your second question about the outlook. As I said in my remarks, we're just coming out of three very strong quarters for Opdivo and for the company in general, with good momentum commercially across-the-board. And I feel pretty good about this year. I've made comments about the fact that we see Opdivo having, being a growth brand in 2019 based on the currently approved indications. With respect to more guidance on 2019, we'll do that in January as we always do, but as I said earlier, I feel pretty good about the momentum in the business. Now let me ask Tom to answer the first part of your first question, and then Chris will give you some comments as well.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
So, Tim, thank you for your question. I'd say a couple things. One is we obviously look forward to seeing the results of our chemo combo studies, both part two of 227 and 9LA. As you know those are event-driven, and we look forward to seeing those when they occur and we're predicting that's going to be some time in 2019.
I'd say one thing about hazard ratios. I practiced oncology for 28 years. Never once, never once, did I ever mention the word hazard ratio to a patient. It was never anything I ever spoke to a patient. It's not a factor in patient selection. What patients care about is the regimen or is the given approach, something that's going to give them a chance at being cured or living longer with their disease.
So, I tend to think what really matters when you've got a profile such as what we see in immuno-oncology, it's really the duration, depth, and durability of treatment that's so important. So, I think, things like landmark analysis, two year, three year, four years, well, but one of the things we are most proud of when we were at ESMO this year was presenting our four-year data in melanoma.
We're starting to see landmark analysis at four years with Opdivo Yervoy which is really quite impressive in that setting. And, so for me, looking at the durability and duration of response is really something that I think that doctors are going to focus on and that we're going to be looking at from a research standpoint. Chris?
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Yeah, the only thing I would add to that is when we talk to customers, interestingly both in academia as well as in the community setting we hear a very similar story about landmark, and the importance of landmark. Very few physicians talk to patients about hazard ratios, and I think that's absolutely going to be critical. The other thing I would say just from a commercial standpoint is that lung cancer is a space that we know exceptionally well. It's an area that we've obviously had success competing in, and I think we'll be ready from a competitive standpoint to compete depending upon the opportunities that we have going forward.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Tim. Can we go to the next question, Vickie, please?
Operator
The next question will come from Chris Schott with JPMorgan.
Chris Schott -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Great. Thanks very much for the questions. Just two here. Maybe first Opdivo in second-line lung. Can you just give us an update on the trends you're seeing and the overall size of second-line for the PD-1s now that we've had a bit more time to see KEYTRUDA ramp in front-line. So, basically how do we see that market evolving. What percent of patients do you think are still going to be seeing a PD-1 second-line. And then far more importantly, is there any change from your prior views here. My second question was coming back to TMB. I guess just how are you interpreting what seemed to be very different PFS versus OS trends that we saw for the TMB high versus low populations in 227. And I guess does that update change at all your confidence in TMB and its predictive power as a biomarker and if not, why not? Thank you.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Let me take the first part of that question, Chris. So, market dynamics in second-line are pretty much as we have been discussing for the last couple of quarters. Our market share in second-line is stable at roughly 30%. In terms of patient eligibility, these dynamics are very much in-line with what we have been forecasting.
We have seen a continued gradual decline in second-line eligibility since the approval of PD-1 agents both as monotherapy and in combination in the front-line setting. That continues to be more gradual outside the U.S. just given the timing of approvals. In the U.S., we think that roughly 50% of patients are eligible for IO in the second-line, and we still believe that that's going to level out somewhere in the range of 40% to 45% consistent with what we said previously.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
Thanks. And, Chris, let me just take a second to explain a little bit about TMB, and what you saw happen over the past week or two, since we are or week since we reported the interactions with the authorities. So, let's think back to TMB.
So, how did we get to TMB. We got to TMB because we were looking for a scientific reason to understand or explain how our IO drugs work in cancer, and cancer in general and lung cancer specifically. And, as you know, TMB can be a surrogate marker for increased number of new antigens or possibly increase specific new antigens that could be driving the immune response, and I think both of those are potential reasons that TMB can identify patient groups that could do better.
So, we designed prospectively to look at 227 Part 1 for patients who had high TMB and our initial look showed the high TMB group in reaction to Opdivo Yervoy had an increased response rate, a clearly improved progression free survival, and then a descriptive statistic remember because the survival was not in the hierarchy statistically evaluated, a descriptive statistic that showed a survival advantage for those patients treated with Opdivo Yervoy in that setting.
We were very happy to see that result and we shared those with the authorities and you know those resulted in submissions both in the United States and in Europe. At the specific request of the European agency, they specifically asked us to look at survival in the TMB low patients. And, of course, I've been asked by many people over the past three or four days at ESMO, why didn't you look at that initially.
And the reason we didn't look at that initially is, we want to be very careful to protect the integrity of the survival in all parts of the trial and that's why we did not look at that the first time around. But when we did look at it in response to the European Agency, we found that there was this overall survival trend again favoring the group treated with Opdivo Yervoy in that setting.
So, what can you conclude from this data. I think the first is that TMB clearly, high TMB, clearly is predictive for a response rate in PFS in an important group of patients and those are important endpoints, and that's what the trial was designed prospectively to show.
However, we also probably can conclude that TMB at least is in part prognostic as well to a certain degree. And we know that not just from the data we generated, but from the data that some of our competitors have generated and when you look back at some of the academic studies like the LACE meta-analysis of resected lung cancers, as you find higher TMB patients do better. But I think one thing that's important, Chris, to look at is that if you look at the overall survival and response rate and progression free survival magnitude of benefit, it's definitely higher and better in the group that has high TMB.
Again attesting to this depth, durability, and duration of benefit in that patient population. But I also think it's important, Chris, to remind everyone that we're still early in the process. We will continue to follow the science and we'll continue to work to try to understand how to use TMB and how to use TMB in relation to other biomarkers as we understand better how to treat lung cancer.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Chris. Vickie, can we go to the next question, please?
Operator
The next question will come from Umer Raffat with Evercore.
Umer Raffat -- Evercore -- Analyst
Hi. Thanks so much for taking my question. Maybe first, if we can get a bit more granular on Opdivo sales breakdown today, and if you fast forward three-years, what indications lose how much, and what indications gain and how much. It would be really helpful given all of the investor questions on this topic, first. And secondly, just wanted to get a bit more color on 9LA, as it relates to the thought process behind changing the sample size as well as the criteria on when a patient should be discontinuing from therapy or not, depending on the progression. Will that be consistent with how 227 did it or are there any changes? Thank you very much.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Umer. So, Chris, why don't you start describing the sort of the distribution of our business today and some of the growth into next year and then Tom can answer on 9LA.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Yeah, Umer, thanks for the question. So, let me start by just giving you the distribution of business as it sits today. So in the U.S., lung is about 35% of our business for Opdivo. Renal is roughly around 20%, and then 30% of that is going to be in melanoma and the remainder will be spread across other tumors.
Ex-U.S. you will see a difference based mainly on a different set of indications, if you have ex-U.S. versus in the U.S. So, outside of the U.S. lung is a larger percentage, it's about 60% outside of the U.S. Renal is around 20% and then we've got 20% in melanoma.
A couple of things to keep in mind is this is going to be dynamic over time. So, for example, in the U.S. you have a larger percentage of the business in renal cell, that's a result of obviously the front-line indication. Adjuvant melanoma plays an important role in the U.S. that's just launching outside of the U.S. So, what you're going to likely see is a continued diversification of the business in the U.S. You'll likely see the percentage of the business in lung cancer outside of the U.S. continue to decrease, as we get more business in other markets like adjuvant melanoma.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
And I think, Umer, just to address your question on 9LA. I think, a couple things, let's think about 9LA, and why it was designed. It was really designed to bring the very best of immuno-oncology along with chemotherapy. And the benefit of chemotherapy is that if there are patients who are early progressors, chemotherapy can help address that plus there's theoretically, it's a possibility that could you be generating more new antigens or uncovering new antigens that could help to stimulate and drive an immune response.
So, what we thought when we designed 9LA was it also gave us an opportunity to look at maybe just using two cycles of chemotherapy as opposed to four cycles of chemotherapy, and we thought that might also give us an ability to reduce some of the chemotherapy-related side effects in patients while still maintaining the benefits that we see.
As you know this trial accrues very, very quickly, and so when we saw the rate of accrual we realized that by adding an extra couple of hundred patients to 9LA, we were going to be able to increase our optionality with looking at specific bio-markers. And that really was what drove the desire, it was accruing very, very fast, and it was really following on 227 where we had engaged a number of great centers throughout the world. And so we thought that 9LA, increasing the accrual at that point made sense. And so that really is the reason that we increased the size of that trial. Thanks.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Umer. Can we go to the next question, please, Vickie?
Operator
We'll go to Matthew Phipps with William Blair.
Matthew Phipps -- William Blair -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Just two quick ones, one you've recently presented data with CheckMate-511 of different dosage of Ipi/Nivo in melanoma, and saw a decrease in AEs there with similar overall survival. Do you plan on submitting that to regulators. And then also I don't know what you can really say on this, but CheckMate-459 has kind of had continued delays in readout there, and I realize it's an event-driven study. But can you also walk us through some of the other changes in the trial, and why that's taking so long?
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
So, let me just make a couple comments. We obviously know we don't comment on the interactions with regulators until we have firm communications from them. I will say that CheckMate-511, I think, offers some flexibility and optionality to doctors and gives them some guidance, and Chris may want to comment on his view of dosing particularly in melanoma globally in that setting.
What I'll say about CheckMate-459 is, you know, Matthew, you kind of answered the question yourself there. It is an event-driven process, and we will have to wait until the number of events occur to be able to help us understand the dynamic in Hepatoma. We do believe that Opdivo is an active agent in this setting, and we look forward to seeing how it compares to a TKI in this setting. And, again, we look forward to sharing that data with you as soon as we have that data. It's just event-driven, and it takes some time.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Matt, I'll just make a couple of comments on 511. We're encouraged to see the alternative dosing of Opdivo plus Yervoy. Overall, we think the data from the safety study is going to be important in providing physicians with some additional information on the benefit of risk of the combination dosing. The implications commercially, we'll have to wait and see how physicians think about adopting this. It's obviously not something that's going to be promotional for us. We see a bit of low dose Yervoy in metastatic melanoma now, and you certainly could see that increase over time, but we don't anticipate a wholesale shift in dosing based on what we're seeing so far.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, and let me just clarify that this is really a medical study to inform questions from physicians in practice. We do not have registrational intent with that trial.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Great. Thanks, Matt. Can we go to the next question, please, Vickie?
Operator
Next is Seamus Fernandez with Guggenheim.
Seamus Fernandez -- Guggenheim -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for the questions. Just a couple here for Tom. Tom, can you just update us on how you guys have stratified Part B of the 227 study by different PD-L1 levels and how confident you are that this will successfully include PD-L1 high patients just given the risk of selection base. And then the second question is just, it's my understanding that the Opdivo plus cabozantinib study is likely to complete in the first half of 2019. Can you just confirm the timing, and how you think this study may distinguish itself from your own Opdivo plus Yervoy combination? Thanks.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
So, let's just say a couple things. I think what you meant by Part B was actually part two of 227. As you know, that's an event-driven study, and when we enroll patients into that study we enroll patients with a broad histology and enrolled regardless of histology and regardless of PD-L1 status, and we'll look forward to seeing what that data shows when we have a chance to see that data when it matures.
In terms of the renal cell work, as you know, we think that the approach of using Opdivo along with a TKI can be a very potentially interesting approach. With TKIs, and we saw data presented at ESMO this year with some of our competitors and we've seen press releases from other competitors, TKIs have the advantage of having rapid early on response, and that's one of the reasons that we combined Opdivo with cabo and we think cabo is one of the best TKIs in renal cell carcinoma. And, again, we look forward to seeing that study 9-ER watching that data mature as well.
I think, Seamus, you had suggested it might be early next year, I'm tending to think that's probably going to be a little bit later than that, but again as you know, it's event-driven and it's very difficult to be able to pin that down.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Seamus. Can we go to the next question, please, Vickie?
Operator
Next is Andrew Baum with Citi.
Andrew Baum -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Thank you. Couple questions on Eliquis. First, do you see either an opportunity or a need to launch a second NDC code version for Eliquis under medicare. And then second, in a world without rebates, and without service fees, how much volume and market share risk do you see to Eliquis given quite how competitive that segment is. And then finally, just very quickly, can you share any details about planned interim analysis for the ongoing renal trial with cabozantinib?
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Andrew, just a couple comments from me. So, first of all, we currently don't have plans to launch additional Eliquis forms and second, I would say, we don't generally comment on interim analysis of the ongoing clinical trials, but let me just ask Chris to give you a perspective about Eliquis coverage and performance in a competitive access world.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Yeah, so thanks for the question, I mean, I think that what you see in the cardiovascular space is this is a class that has been and will continue to be targeted for increased utilization management. That said, we have a strong advantage which is that Eliquis is a differentiated product, that's important not only for physicians and patients but it's also been very important for payers.
We have historically been able to demonstrate to payers superior performance for Eliquis both in terms of efficacy and with respect to reduction in bleed, and the risk of stroke through real-world data in patient populations that are relevant to those payers.
And, so as a result of that, we've actually seen a strengthening of our access position. We've seen in particular strengthening of our access positions in part B plans year-over-year. That carries with it some gross to net exposure, but we've an able to leverage that improved access really across both commercial Medicare and Medicaid channels, and what you've seen is a continued growth in both the brand share as well as revenue.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, Andrew, for the question. Vickie, can we go to the next one, please?
Operator
We'll go to Steve Scala with Cowen.
Steve Scala -- Cowen & Co. -- Analyst
Thank you, I have two questions. The first-line renal CHMP rejection of CheckMate-214 was now three months ago. Bristol had been expecting a quick hearing which did occur, but also a quick resolution which has not. And, I'm just wondering, if anything has changed in the CHMP's eyes. And then secondly, NKTR-214 in lung cancer, when could we see the data. Will another trial be needed and how does the deadline to start Phase III trials impact your decision? Thank you.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Steve. Let me just ask the CHMP question on renal. What I can say is, we are going through the procedure. Every one of those, as you know, there are many, every one of those has its own timing. There is really no comment at this point and our team are working with the European regulatory authorities on the application.
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
And, Steve, thanks for your question about NKTR-214 in lung cancer. So, let me just start by saying a couple things. Why did we do NKTR-214 and why are we working so closely with our partners at Nektar? And I think what it comes down to is that when you look at immuno-oncology there are three validated mechanisms.
You've got the PD-1 access, you've got CTLA-4 and you've got IL-2. And we think the opportunity to partner with Nektar to develop this agent, it's a pegylated form of IL-2, was a unique opportunity. And we worked very hard with them this year to put together a number of clinical trials to determine how to best use these agents in cancer.
So, the PIVOT-02 study which is a study run by Nektar has shown some very interesting data, in terms of activity and certainly also in terms of safety profile. Because, as you remember, the other premise with the pegylation process is that perhaps you may change the immuno-oncology related, the IO-related side effect profile by stimulating peripheral T-regs. And, of course, we need more time and more data to be certain of that, but it's certainly an intriguing prospect to how one uses NKTR-214 in that setting.
So, from PIVOT-02 we saw some data that certainly justified trials in renal cell cancer, in melanoma, and in bladder, and you've seen the design of the melanoma study. And we continue to follow the cohorts from PIVOT-02 to determine which tumor types are going to be included next.
And we're certainly looking very closely at lung cancer. I think one of the important things from our perspective is to make sure that the trials are done, they are the best trials that are going to be able to help us most understand how to use this drug, because it's early in the process of drug development, and we want to make sure that we optimize its therapeutic potential.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks a lot, Steve. Can we go to the next question, please, Vickie?
Operator
Yes, we'll go to John Boris with SunTrust.
John Boris -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Thanks for taking the questions, and congrats on the results. First on first-line renal. In the intermediate to high what percent of patients are in the intermediate to high area relative to where PD-1 plus INLYTA might be used. The second question has to do with Yervoy. There's an inflection obviously it may have increased use in Yervoy. Can you give a breakout of use by melanoma, renal, lung, MSI-high and other tumor types and then last question on Eliquis. You indicated warfarin still 35% of volume. How low can that number go, especially, since it's pretty extensively used in patients with heart valves, but how much lower can you go before you exhaust growth? Thanks.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thank you, John. So, Chris, why don't you take the three parts of the question?
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
So, let's start with the renal question. So, the renal question around the percentage of patients, who are in an intermediate and poor prognosis patients is roughly 75% of that population. And, by the way, in terms of our performance in front-line renal, we continue to see very good momentum in front-line renal share, as I mentioned, is roughly 30% to 35%. We've got opportunities to continue to grow. There is sub-populations within our improved indication where we can continue to drive utilization and that's been the focus in front-line renal.
With respect to your question on warfarin. As you mention, we continue to see significant use of warfarin both in the U.S. and ex-U.S., U.S. warfarin still garners roughly 22% of new share in the U.S., and in terms of total share it's roughly 35%. And if you look ex-U.S. you've got markets where warfarin is still upwards of 40% of utilization.
So, we believe we can continue to drive utilization of warfarin down. The key constraints on the use of warfarin in the U.S. are going to be things like familiarity with warfarin as well as price, but if you look at the efficacy profile as well as the safety profile of Eliquis, we have continued to believe that we can continue to take share, not only from other NOACs, but also from warfarin.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
And, the only, the other thing, I would say, John, is I believe one of the reasons for our very, very strong performance with Eliquis has been the fact that we've been very disciplined in looking at different business opportunities over time and our first priority was to be the leading NOAC, then we moved on focusing on expanding against warfarin and that is ongoing and continues to have good potential.
And then the third point is, I would say, is that there is clear opportunity for the total market to grow, in terms of undiagnosed patients and poorly treated patients, in many of our countries, where we have the most advanced with the warfarin erosion strategy are beginning to work on market expansion opportunities, which are important.
As you said, Yervoy, melanoma, and renal are really the two sources there. The rest of the use of Yervoy is very small.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Thanks, John. Vickie, I think we have time for two more questions.
Operator
We will take the next question from David Risinger with Morgan Stanley. David, your line is open. We're unable to hear you. If you could please check your mute button. David? I'm sorry. Hearing no response, we'll just go ahead and move on to the next question and that will come from Vamil Divan with Credit Suisse.
Vamil Divan -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for taking my questions. So, just two, both sort of higher-level. One following up on the earlier question around business development, I know Giovanni said it's a priority, and something you're personally focused on. I'm just trying to get a sense I think the question was also related to the urgency and sort of how you're feeling the urgency now relative to maybe a few quarters ago, how things have evolved for Opdivo and Yervoy. Has there been a change in the desire to pursue business development and especially in terms of size maybe something bigger as opposed to something smaller to diversify the company?
And then second one, would just love to get some updated thoughts from you on all of the debate around drug pricing. I know we're going to hear more from the President later this afternoon, but just maybe from a Bristol perspective what are your expectations on what is likely to happen, what maybe likely not to happen, and where should we focus as investors? Thanks.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Vamil. So, a couple of things, stepping back and going back to my comments at the beginning, when I think about where we are today as a company, there is very strong momentum in the business. We obviously operate in very competitive markets, which I acknowledge and there is good momentum going into next year with a significant number of potential growth opportunities looking at the medium and long-term.
In that context, business development has always been a priority for us, and it is an important priority today, and many of the lenses that we've put on the types of business development opportunities that we look at remain valid, scientific from the perspective of areas we know well where we can develop truly transformational science.
They need to be strategically aligned with areas, where we already have presence and expertise, and obviously needs to make sense financially. So, there is a clear focus on BD, but I think the elements of that focus must be put in the context of a significant set of internal opportunities that have not really changed qualitatively in the past, as I said.
From a pricing perspective, my point of view is that we're very early, and it's difficult to predict how many of the policies being discussed by the administration will evolve, both in terms of the policies themselves, and the way they're implemented. From our perspective, what's important is a couple of things. It's important that patients continue to have access to medicines they need for very serious diseases.
I think it is important to focus on policies that address the issue of patient out-of-pocket cost and affordability, which is really important to us. And the third very important thing is that as a company and as an industry, we are very open to dialogue with the administration in order to progress new policies forward in a way that really benefits patients. But it's difficult for me to comment on specifics because it's very early.
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Vickie, can we go to our last question?
Operator
Yes. Our last question today will come from Geoff Meachem with Barclays. Please go ahead.
Geoff Meacham -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Good mornings, guys. Thanks for the question. Tom, on your strategy on IO, you guys have optimized Nivo/Ipi combos and you've added many other doublets, including IL-2 to the mix, but it takes some time though to optimize these before Phase III. So, my question is, has your urgency or the hurdle rate to advancing these doublets changed over time. You look at targets like STING or OX40 and it may take a few years to figure out if they're even viable.
And then the last question, Tom or Giovanni, I want to get more color on the, more context on TMB and the regulatory review. Is it your sense that regulators need more validation or experience in the clinic for TMB. It doesn't appear to be a worry from KOLs, but is the science in your view mature enough for widespread use in the community? Thank you.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Geoff, thank you. Let me just answer the second question first. I think we made quite a few comments on TMB and Chris can give you some perspective of what we hear from the market. We prescribers and thought leaders, we're not going to comment on the ongoing interaction with regulators. Chris and then Tom can answer your question on next generation combos.
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Yeah, let me just give you a sense of what's happening with respect to the use of TMB and the interest in TMB at least based on what we're hearing. So, right now, TMB testing is around 15%, if you look in front-line lung cancer, and there's been a slight uptick on that in the U.S., but that's a rough percentage of the patients who have been tested and have an invaluable TMB status.
As you think about the dynamics in the marketplace right now, what you were seeing is lung cancer is becoming a bit more of a segmented market. The interest in -- and that's being driven in part by the interest in being able to have specific drugs targeted at specific patients. That's why, for example, you've seen such a rapid increase in PD-L1 testing in the front-line setting. It's also why you are seeing continued interest in TMB as a biomarker. We've seen that increase going back to AACR and certainly at ASCO.
It's also, I think, going to continue to be an important consideration for physicians because TMB is clearly telling us something about the prognosis for patients in this setting. And when you do TMB testing, you not only get the TMB results, but you also get a number of other biomarker-related data that could be informative of physician choice.
And so, I think, there is an organic uptick that you will continue to see an interest in and testing of TMB. But, obviously, we'll have to wait and see how that plays out as more data becomes available and as potentially you have products like Opdivo plus Yervoy, which could be an option for patients with high TMB. Tom?
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
Chris, thank you and, Jeff, thanks for your questions. It's obviously something that we think a lot about, and gosh, we talk a lot about in terms of, how do we identify doublets and triplets and quadruplets even that can even make a difference.
I'd say a couple things. The first is our field needs to continue to remain grounded in the science, and what we're doing in Cambridge, we just recruited MLEs to join Saurabh Saha up in Cambridge to help look at why patients become resistant.
I think the concept of studying resistance is going to be extremely important in understanding, which doublets make the most sense which combinations beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 make the most sense. And I think that the other thing that we've learned is the importance of doing good randomized Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies where you've got a control arm, so you can isolate the effect of the new drug.
I think some good examples of that are what we're doing with CSF1R, in our relationship to be able to look at CSF1R in pancreatic cancer. And this is an area where we've got randomized Phase 2's that are going to be able to tell us and isolate the impact of the new agent that's being added, CCR-25 being a great example of that as well.
I think, Geoff, your concept of urgency is extremely important. I think patients need options. When you look at, if we were looking at CCR-25 and CSF1R, it's in pancreas, it's in colorectal cancer that's not MSI-high. These are areas that are screaming for innovation, and where the market and patients are demanding new options. So, I think, your question about urgency is very well taken, but at the end it's going to be fundamentally grounded in the science.
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. So, in closing, we had a good quarter with strong commercial performance, there's good momentum in the business, we discussed some of the opportunities for growth in 2019 and longer-term opportunities for growth.
I want to thank everybody for being on the call, and obviously John and his team are available to continue to answer your questions. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you very much. That does conclude our conference for today. I'd like to thank everyone for your participation, and you may now disconnect.
Duration: 61 minutes
Call participants:
John Elicker -- Senior Vice President, Public Affairs and Investor Relations
Giovanni Caforio -- Chief Executive Officer
Charles Bancroft -- Chief Financial Officer
Alex Arfaei -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Christopher Boerner -- Chief Commercial Officer
Thomas Lynch -- Chief Scientific Officer
Jami Rubin -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Jason Gerberry -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Timothy Anderson -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Chris Schott -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Umer Raffat -- Evercore -- Analyst
Matthew Phipps -- William Blair -- Analyst
Seamus Fernandez -- Guggenheim -- Analyst
Andrew Baum -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Steve Scala -- Cowen & Co. -- Analyst
John Boris -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Vamil Divan -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Geoff Meacham -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Transcript powered by AlphaStreet
This article is a transcript of this conference call produced for The Motley Fool. While we strive for our Foolish Best, there may be errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in this transcript. As with all our articles, The Motley Fool does not assume any responsibility for your use of this content, and we strongly encourage you to do your own research, including listening to the call yourself and reading the company's SEC filings. Please see our Terms and Conditions for additional details, including our Obligatory Capitalized Disclaimers of Liability.
