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Matson Inc (MATX 1.22%)
Q4Â 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Feb. 21, 2019, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
See all our earnings call transcripts.
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Matson Fourth Quarter 2018 Financial Results Conference Call.
(Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Director of Investor Relations, Lee Fishman. Mr. Fishman, you may begin.
Lee Fishman -- Investor Relations Officer
Thank you, Josh. Joining me on the call today are Matt Cox, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Joel Wine, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Slides from this presentation are available for download at our website www.matson.com under the Investors tab.
Before we begin, I would like to remind you that during the course of this call, we will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Federal Securities laws regarding expectations, predictions, projections or future events. We believe that our expectations and assumptions are reasonable. We caution you to consider the risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements in the press release, the presentation slides and this conference call. These risk factors are described in our press release and are more fully detailed under the caption Risk Factors on pages 13 to 21 of our 2017 Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2018 and in our subsequent filings with the SEC. Please also note that the date of this conference call is February 21, 2019 and any forward-looking statements that we make today are based on assumptions as of this date. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements.
I will now turn the call over to Matt.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Lee. And thanks to those on the call today. Please turn to slide 3, for my opening remarks. Matson's performance in the fourth quarter was in line with expectations, with strong contributions from our China service and Logistics. Our China service saw higher average freight rates and higher volume compared to the fourth quarter of 2017, as a result of the stronger seasonal demand driven by the US China tariff situation. The Logistics segment in the quarter continued to execute well across all service lines, similar to prior quarters in the year and nearly double the operating income in the year-ago period.
For the full-year 2018, we had a strong performance in our China service with higher average freight rates and we had significant contributions from SSAT and our Logistics segment. We also saw steady performance in Hawaii. Countering these favorable contributions was the ongoing competitive situation in Guam and a weaker-than-expected southbound seafood season in Alaska, compared with a strong seafood harvest levels in 2017.
Turning to slide 4, I want to spend a few moments to highlight our current priorities, many of which are executing on the investments we have committed to that long-term focused and value enhancing. First, we are focused on completing the Hawaii service fleet renewal, which consists of preparing the vessels to be in service and disposing the last of our steel ships in an environmentally friendly manner. It's important that the operational transition is smooth, not only for the vessel schedule, but for our terminal operations.
In November of 2018, the first of our four new vessels, the Daniel K. Inouye entered service and the vessel has performed very well so far. We are actively preparing for Kaimana Hila delivery at the end of this quarter and to be in service shortly thereafter. We currently expect to take delivery of Lurline in the fourth quarter of this year and Matsonia later in 2020. Upon the Lurline entering service, we expect Matson's Hawaii service to be in a fixed nine-ship fleet, which has the financial benefit of one less vessel in operation. With nearly 75% of progress payments made to the shipyards, and the in-service dates nearing, we're close to realizing the associated cost benefits from these new vessels, which will ultimately drive higher returns on invested capital.
We're in the middle of upgrading our Sand Island terminal in Honolulu to properly service the new vessels and to bring efficiency to our operations. In 2019, we expect to install three new gantry cranes and began to refurbish the three existing cranes. Work on the electrical infrastructure has already started and will be completed in 2020. Beyond this first phase, we're preparing for expansion into Piers 51A and B, which are next door to our current terminal, when -- when Pasha moves out to the new Kapalama facility, which is expected to be in 2023 at the earliest.
In the last couple of earnings calls, we've discussed our strategy to be compliant with the IMO 2020 Fuel regulations. As you may recall, we announced that we will install scrubbers on three of the five vessels in the CLX service, and are closely evaluating scrubbers on the other two vessels. Our strategy has not changed. Of the three scrubber installations we've committed to, we currently -- we anticipate two of them to be done in 2019 and the third to be completed in early 2020. We are actively assessing scrubbers on the main two CLX vessels.
The economics of the scrubbers remain compelling with the two-year payback based on current fuel spreads, and we've had a positive experience from scrubbers installed on our Alaska vessels a couple of years ago. Given the good economics and operational performance, we will continue to evaluate scrubbers on our remaining fleet, including our new Hawaii vessels. But as I said before, we always want to be in a position that maximizes optionality for us to find the lowest-cost, long-term solution that makes sense for Matson and our customers.
As we are nearing the end of this fleet renewal cycle, we continue to expect our leverage level to peak in the mid-3%s, which we expect in the first quarter of 2020. After this point, we use our significant free cash flow to delever the balance sheet to the low 2%s. We're committing to make -- we're committed to maintaining investment grade credit metrics and sustaining our low-cost balance sheet, which we view as a competitive advantage.
And last, but certainly not least, we are going to continue to build upon our valuable Pacific network and US West Coast operations through organic growth opportunities. Our most recent efforts have been natural extensions of our services into the Pacific. We're also actively involved in projects in all of the trade lanes and across our business in the Logistics segment.
Now on to our individual trade lane segments. Turning to our Hawaii service on slide 5, Hawaii container market for the fourth quarter was flat year-over-year. Matson's market share remained stable in the quarter and the economic conditions within Hawaii remained favorable. In short, we saw a steady performance in Hawaii. For the full year of 2018, container volumes decreased 0.7% year-over-year, largely due to Eastbound backhaul volume. Westbound volume was modestly higher year-over-year attributed to modest economic growth in the state. For the full-year 2019, we expect container volume to approximate the level achieved in the prior year, which reflects continued modest economic growth in Hawaii and a stable market share environment.
Slide 6 provides an overview of some key Hawaii economic indicators forecast by UHERO for 2019 and 2020. According to the latest forecast, UHERO continues to expect modest economic growth late in the business cycle supported by low inflation, low unemployment and a high-level of tourism activity. Global economic conditions remain favorable, but there are early signs of a slowing, which could restrain Hawaii's economic growth for the next few years.
With respect to the construction industry, UHERO's construction-related metrics continue to suggest a plateaued growth profile in the medium term. Although there has been a recent pickup in resort-related construction on Oahu, our medium-term view remains that new construction demand primarily from master plan communities and condo projects on Oahu will offset projects nearing completion.
Moving to our China service on slide 7. Matson's volume in the fourth quarter of 2018 was 3.8% higher year-over-year from the -- and the Eastbound average freight rate was higher in the fourth quarter of 2018 and was a sizable premium to the SCFI. Both volume and rate in the quarter were positively impacted by stronger seasonal demand in a period that is traditionally not as strong, which we attribute primarily to a pull-forward demand effect due to the US-China tariff situation.
For the full-year 2018, container volume decreased 6.7% year-over-year, as a result of the negative comparison for dry-dock return voyage volume in 2017 and lower volume during the post Lunar New Year period. During the year, in the Transpacific trade lane, we saw a fair amount of volatility in capacity and demand. In the first half of the year, we saw capacity well in excess of demand and in the second half, we saw movement to a more balanced, supply, demand dynamic. Specifically for Matson, we had a strong third quarter performance in what was the peak period in the year for the CLX service and the fourth quarter performance, which was higher than normal, as I've already mentioned.
From a rate perspective, for the full-year 2018, we realized a sizable rate premium relative to the SCFI. For 2019, we believe volatility and capacity and demand will remain throughout the year with Transpacific capacity exceeding demand, as trade flow in the first half of the year normalizes following a stronger seasonal fourth quarter of 2018.
With respect to Matson, as a result of the unusually strong fourth quarter of 2018 in the first month of this year, we think its likely growth will be somewhat weaker this year in the traditionally slow post Lunar New Year period. For the year, we expect our China service average freight rates to be lower than the very strong level achieved in 2018, and we expect volume to be modestly lower than the level achieved in 2018 as the volume normalizes to more traditional levels of activity, particularly in the third and fourth quarters. Despite the effects of the trade flow normalizing, we expect our highly differentiated CLX service to have another strong year. It's important to note that this outlook is predicated on a neutral outcome from the US-China trade situation.
Turning to slide 8, in Guam, Matson's container volume in the fourth quarter 2018 increased 10.6% year-over-year, primarily due to the release volume to support the areas devastated by the super typhoon that hit the Micronesia region. Overall container market in Guam was essentially flat year-over-year. For the full-year 2018, container volume decreased 3% year-over-year due to competitive pressure from APL.
Moving on to the full-year 2019 outlook, we expect modestly lower volume in 2019 as the highly competitive environment remains. As we've said before, our strategy is to continue to fight for every single container of our customers' business. Given our long history in Guam, with strong customer ties, much shorter transit times and a much better on-time performance record, we do expect to retain an outsized share of the market.
Moving now to slide 9, in Alaska, Matson's container volume for the fourth quarter of 2018 increased 4.2% primarily due to higher Northbound volume. We continue to see signs of Alaska economy beginning to stabilize, and I'll provide a little more color on that in a minute.
For the full year of 2018, Matson's container volume increased 2.5% year-over-year with an increase in Northbound volume, primarily offset by lower Southbound volume, as a result of a weaker-than-expected seafood season compared to the very strong seafood harvest levels in 2017. For the full year of 2019, we expect container volume to be modestly higher than the level achieved in 2018, with an improvement in Northbound volume, supported by improving economic conditions in Alaska, and higher Southbound volume driven by stronger seafood harvest levels than in 2018.
Turning next to slide 10. The charts on the slide highlight recent economic forecast made by AEDC and the Alaska Department of Labor. The key economic indicators suggest that 2018 likely marked the bottom of the recession in Alaska, and that a recovery is under way. The state of the economic recovery is fragile, given the number of external factors at play, such as the impact of trade and volatility in oil prices, as well as Alaska's fiscal condition to address its budget gap. But we remain cautiously optimistic that the economy will continue to recover throughout the year.
Turning next to slide 11. Our terminal joint venture, SSAT contributed $8 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared to $8.9 million in the prior-year period. The decline year-over-year was a result of higher operating costs, partially offset by higher revenue, resulting from increased lift volume primarily from the stronger seasonal demand as an effect of the US, China tariff situation.
For the full-year 2018, SSAT performed exceptionally well with a contribution of $36.8 million or $8.6 million higher than last year. The increase was due to consistently higher list volume throughout the year. The contribution in 2018 was the highest annual result in the near 20-year period at this joint venture.
For 2019, we expect SSAT's contribution to our Ocean Transportation operating income to be lower than the level achieved in 2018, largely due to the normalization of import volume on the US West Coast, after a stronger seasonal demand in the fourth quarter 2018. Although we are expecting a lower contribution this year coming up an all-time high, we expect a satisfactory level of performance. SSAT remains well positioned and continues to be the premier stevedore on the US West Coast.
Turning now to Logistics on slide 12. Logistics capped off an exceptional year with an impressive performance in the fourth quarter. Operating income in the fourth quarter increased $4.4 million year-over-year to $9.1 million with increased contributions from each of our service lines. For the full-year 2018, operating income increased $11.8 million to $32.7 million with strong performance across all service lines. This result is the highest ever for our Logistics segment. Span performed well despite the challenging economic conditions in Alaska and our transportation brokerage business excelled as the tightness in the trucking market throughout most of the year played to Matson Logistics' strength and customer service.
For the full-year 2019, we expect Logistics operating income to approximate the all-time high level of $32.7 million achieved in 2018. And for the first quarter of 2019, we expect operating income to be moderately higher than the level achieved in the first quarter of 2018 of $4.2 million.
And with that, I will now turn the call over to Joel for a review of our financial performance and our outlook. Joel?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Okay. Thanks, Matt. Please turn to slide 13 for our fourth quarter and full-year 2018 financial results. For the fourth quarter, we earned net income of $20.6 million or $0.48 earnings per share, compared with $166.9 million or $3.90 per share in the year-ago period. Net income and earnings per share in the fourth quarter of 2017 benefited by $155 million and $3.62 per diluted share respectively, from a one-time positive non-cash adjustment arising from the enactment of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act.
Adjusting for the Tax Act impact, our net income and earnings per share in the year-ago period would have been $11.9 million and $0.28 per share, respectively. Ocean Transportation operating income for the fourth quarter increased by $1.3 million year-over-year to $21.4 million. This increase is primarily attributable to a higher contribution from China, and the favorable timing of fuel surcharge collections. These favorable year-over-year comparisons were partially offset by higher terminal handling costs.
Logistics operating income for the quarter was $9.1 million or $4.4 million greater than the result in the year-ago period. The increase was due primarily to higher contributions from transportation brokerage and freight forwarding.
EBITDA for the quarter was $64.4 million or $1.9 million higher compared to the year-ago period, due to an increase in operating income of $5.7 million and other income of $0.2 million, partially offset by lower depreciation and amortization, including dry-dock amortization of $4 million.
For the full year of 2018, Ocean Transportation operating income increased by $4.7 million year-over-year to $131.1 million. This increase is primarily attributable to higher average freight rates in China and Hawaii, and a higher contribution from SSAT. Partially offsetting these favorable year-over-year comparisons were higher terminal handling costs and a lower contribution from Guam.
Logistics operating income for the full-year 2018 was $32.7 million or $11.8 million greater than the results in 2017. The increase was due primarily to higher contributions from transportation brokerage and freight forwarding.
For the full-year 2018, we earned net income of $109 million or $2.53 per share compared with $232 million or $5.37 per share in the prior-year period. Adjusting for the positive one-time, non-cash adjustment arising from the Tax Act, our full-year 2017 net income and earnings per share would have been $77 million and $1.78 per share, respectively.
EBITDA for the full-year 2018 was $297.3 million or $1.3 million higher compared to the prior-year due to higher consolidated operating income of $16.5 million and an increase in other income of $0.5 million, partially offset by lower depreciation and amortization, including dry-dock amortization of $15.7 million.
Slide 14 shows the summary of the manner in which we allocated our trailing 12 months of cash flow generation. For the LTM period, we generated cash flow from operations of $305 million; received proceeds from sale leaseback transactions of $134.4 million, inclusive of a $106 million in proceeds from the Maunalei transaction; and other positive cash flows of $2.6 million from which we use $0.7 million to repay borrowings, $62.6 million on other non-vessel CapEx, including maintenance CapEx, $338.6 million on new vessel CapEx, including capitalized interest in owners' items, while also returning $35.4 million to shareholders via dividends.
What is particularly noteworthy for these last 12 months of cash flow is that we invested over $400 million in capital expenditures and actually slightly decreased our outstanding balance sheet debt. So therefore, since EBITDA in 2018 was a little changed versus fiscal 2017, this resulted in our leverage ratio staying constant at last year's fiscal year-end level of 2.8 times, despite the $400 million of CapEx.
Turning to slide 15. For the fourth quarter, we had new vessel cash capital expenditures of $110.7 million and capitalized interest of $5.3 million for total capitalized vessel construction expenditures of $116 million. For the year, we had new vessel cash capital expenditures of $319.9 million and capitalized interest of $18.7 million for total capitalized vessel construction expenditures of $338.6 million. Note that, we also had $18.7 million of interest expense that hit the income statement. So total interest paid on our outstanding debt this year was $37.4 million. The percent of completion on the three remaining vessels under construction is noted in the table along with the delivery timing. The Kaimana Hila was floated in the graving dock at the Philly Shipyard in November and we look forward to taking delivery of her, which is scheduled for the end of March.
Work on the NASSCO vessels is also progressing well. We noted in our last earnings call that there was a two quarter delay on the Matsonia, as a result of construction delays in the NASSCO Shipyard. The shipyard has revised the timetable and now expects only a one quarter delay with delivery expected in the third quarter of 2020.
At the bottom of the slide, we have detail on the actual and estimated vessel progress payments. As of the end of 2018, we are approximately three quarters of the way through the progress payments. For 2019, we expect new vessel progress payments to be approximately $189 million, with only $61.7 million remaining in 2020.
Please turn to slide 16. On this slide is the year-end summary of our balance sheet. As I mentioned before, our total debt at the end of the year, actually declined slightly from 2017's fiscal year-end and our net debt-to-LTM EBITDA ratio stayed flat versus the end of 2017 at 2.8 times. As a reminder, the EBITDA we reported in our press release and in this presentation is different and lower than the EBITDA calculated under our debt agreements.
Going forward, we do expect our leverage ratio to increase as we near the end of the Hawaii fleet renewal program and the first phase of the Sand Island terminal upgrade. We expect the leverage ratio to peak in the mid-3%s in the first quarter of 2020, after which we will focus our strong cash flows on reducing leverage to the low 2%s, as we expect -- as we continue to expect about a 0.5 a turn reduction in the leverage ratio annually.
Please now turn -- please now turn to slide 17. Before going through the outlook, I wanted to spend a moment on the impact of the sale leaseback of the Maunalei, which we disclosed on November 27, 2018, as year-over-year comparisons should account for the financial impact of this transaction. On an annual basis, we expect $12 million in lease expense, which impacts EBITDA directly and $4.8 million in lower depreciation and amortization, including dry-dock amortization, the net of which results in reduction in operating income of $7.2 million annually. Please keep in mind that we had the effect of this transaction for one month in 2018 versus a full-year effect expected in 2019.
With that said, let me now turn to slide 18 for our outlook. For the full-year 2019, we expect operating income for Ocean transportation to approximate the $131.1 million achieved in 2018 after adjusting for the additional 11 months impact of the vessel sale leaseback of $6.6 million. For Logistics, we expect operating income to approximate the level achieved in 2018 of $32.7 million. We expect depreciation and amortization to approximate $130 million inclusive of $31 million for dry-docking amortization. We expect EBITDA to approximate $286 million or roughly flat to the 2018 level after adjusting the 2018 results for the additional 11 months impact of the vessel sale leaseback of $11 million. We expect other income expense to be approximately $2.7 million in income. We expect interest expense to be approximately $24 million and note that 2019 interest expense will be approximately $4 million higher had we not executed the vessel sale leaseback transaction. And finally, for the year, we expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 26%, which excludes a positive non-cash adjustment of $2.9 million we expect to make in the first quarter of 2019 as a reversal of the Tax Act expense adjustment we made in Q1 of 2018.
For the first quarter of 2019, we expect Ocean Transportation operating income to be approximately $10 million, which is lower than the level achieved in the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to the unfavorable comparisons from the absence of positive one-time items at SSAT in the year-ago period and Alaska Northbound volume associated with the dry-docking of a competitor's vessel which also occurred in the first quarter last year, as well as the effect of the vessel sale leaseback transaction. For Logistics, we expect operating income to be moderately higher than the $4.2 million achieved in the first quarter of 2018.
Please turn now to slide 19. Because we have a few sizable new -- non-new vessel CapEx projects currently in the works, I wanted to spend a moment discussing our other capital expenditures as noted in our financial statements. For 2019 and 2020, we expect other capital expenditures, including maintenance capital expenditures to be approximately $120 million and $85 million respectively. These projected figures are above our targeted level of maintenance capital expenditures of $50 million due to three main projects, which I will now walk through briefly. The first project is the first phase of the Sand Island terminal upgrade, which we highlighted in our investor materials last March. This project consists of three new gantry cranes, refurbishment of three existing trains and the upgrade of electrical and other infrastructure to support the operation of the cranes. The cost of this project is approximately $60 million and we expect the project to be completed by the end of 2020.
The second project is the scrubber program on the CLX vessels that Matt touched upon earlier in this call, and that we discussed in the last two earnings calls. The project currently consists of scrubbers on three of the five CLX vessels with a cost of approximately $9 million per vessel. We expect two of the three projects to be completed this year and the third vessel scrubber installation to be completed in early 2020.
And the last project I wanted to highlight is the construction of a new cross-dock facility in Anchorage for Span Alaska. We currently have two facilities in Anchorage and this project will help Span Alaska consolidate into one facility, a more efficient and better-located facility, which will benefit our customers and produce operating cost reductions. The cost of the project is approximately $26 million, including the purchase of land and we expect the project to be completed by the end of this year.
Please now turn to slide 20. Given the capital spending on the non-new vessel projects and the other projects I just described, we wanted to provide longer-term estimates through 2021 for depreciation and amortization, including dry-dock amortization, as well as interest expense. For depreciation and amortization, including dry-dock amortization, we continue to expect $5 million to $8 million in savings from the new vessels versus the 10 ship fleet we currently deploy, which include steamships.
The non-new vessel projects I described are expected to add approximately $5 million to depreciation and amortization by 2021, which will produce a total D&A level in 2021 very similar to the level in 2017 as you can see from the top chart on this page. In the bottom chart, we show estimates for interest expense and income statement and capitalized interest out to 2021. The amount of capitalized interest will decline with the entry of each new vessel into service, the last of which is expected in the third quarter of 2020.
Note that total interest is expected to peak in 2020, as we have said previously and income statement expense is expected to peak at approximately $35 million during this period. Importantly, these interest expense assumptions are based upon today's LIBOR levels. Approximately a third of our expected 2019 Interest expense is associated with our floating rate revolver borrowings and this is subject to higher interest costs should LIBOR arise over this period. So with those more detailed CapEx, D&A and interest comments complete, I'll now turn the hand -- turn the call back over to Matt.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay Joel, thanks. To conclude our prepared remarks, the diverse nature of our transportation and logistics businesses really rang through in 2018. The favorable contributions in our China service, SSAT and Logistics outweigh the impact of ongoing competitive situation in Guam and lower Southbound volume in Alaska. For 2019, we expect the diversity of the business drivers to continue to bring consistency for the consolidated group. We remain intensely focused on cash flow generation and managing our leverage as we advance on the last three new Hawaii vessels and to finish off the first phase of the upgrade of our Sand Island terminal facilities.
So personally, I like where we are at Matson. We're positioned well in each of our key markets and are very excited by the investments sort of currently under way.
And with that, I will turn the call back to the operator and ask for your questions.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Kevin Sterling of Seaport Global Securities. You may proceed with your question.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Thank you. Good evening, Matt, Joel and Lee.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Kevin.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Kevin.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Let's see, Matt and Joel, you guys talked about your leverage peaking I think in Q1 '20, I believe the mid-3%s level and then after that you quickly de-lever. Did you say when you might get back down to mid-2%s? Is that by the end of 2020, or we are looking at maybe 2021?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Kevin, we said we expect to delever about a 0.5 a turn a year. So just say, if we were at 3.5%, then we will be down at 2.5% in about two years.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Got you. Okay. And thank you. If I'm -- and along those lines, and thank you for that additional outlook with your depreciation and CapEx beyond 2020. And I understand the higher levels of CapEx you have now and into 2020. But beyond that, say 2021, do you expect your maintenance CapEx to return to the more normal level of $50 million?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Kevin, this is Matt. I would say, yeah. We see our long-term CapEx levels, maintenance CapEx that is, to be in the $50 million range. We've talked about the major investments that we've highlighted and as we've talked about before, the next major capital cycle would be the likely replacement of our last two (ph) vessels, which will take place sometime after -- between 2025 and 2030. So there is a period under which we do expect it to have significantly lower CapEx, post this period.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Okay, got you. Now thank you. And Matt, you mentioned in prepared remarks about your CLX outlook for 2019. I think that's really -- you said based upon a neutral outlook for US, China trade relations, if the trade wars resolved, I understand it's a big if, where could the upside come from? Do you think with CLX, would it be volumes, rates or maybe both. How should we think about that If we get a trade war resolved?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think if we get a good outcome on this trade dispute, which I know we're all hoping for, I would say that what we would -- so there's two parts to the China market as you've heard us talk about many times. One is the amount of demand and I think it's in part a driver of US, I mean where the US economy is and the other factors that are going to drive this Transpacific demand. And then the other factor really is the amount of deployed capacity by the other international steamship lines.
So in order to have an orderly general Transpacific market, we would need to have a reasonably successful outcome of the trade negotiations and the international ocean carriers deploying the right amount of capacity and not an overcapacity. But that isn't to say that even if we have a more choppy outcome on trade negotiations, as long as the international ocean carriers deploy only the amount of capacity that's required for the market, then we still should be in pretty good shape. With regard to your question about now back to Matson, we -- the upside for us is primarily in rate given that effectively, other than for two or three weeks a year post Lunar New Year, when our ship is only partially full, we're basically full every other week of the year. So there isn't a ton of capacity upside for Matson, it has to be on the rate side.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks, Matt. And last question from me and I believe you guys mentioned this before, so if you could just remind me, I'd appreciate it. Can you quantify for us, again, the financial benefit of one less vessel in operation? You talked about going from 10 to nine.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. That one fleet unit, Kevin, we said is $13.
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you. Well, that's all I have. Congrats on a very good year.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Kevin.
Operator
Thank you and our next question comes from Ben Nolan of Stifel. You may proceed with your question.
Benjamin Nolan -- Stifel -- Analyst
Great, thanks. And thanks, Matt and Joel. And so I had just two quick questions, hopefully. Number one, I understand the idea behind the leasing, especially something in an older ship and being able to get cash out of that in terms of managing the leverage. Just curious if that is a lever that you might be looking to pull again or I suspect you could, but is that pretty high on the list of tools that you might deploy.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Ben no. It is something we could do again, but it's not -- we don't think it's something that we need to do. We often -- we think this one transaction has optimized us. So if we're in a downside scenario or some recessionary scenario, in the very -- very near future we can do it again, but we don't think that we need to.
Benjamin Nolan -- Stifel -- Analyst
Okay. And then switching gears a little bit to SSAT, obviously a good year. You know, hard to match that. But I know in the past you guys have talked about possibilities to expand that certainly -- perhaps in the Northeast or other areas across the West Coast. How are you thinking about that in terms of the likelihood that there might be some opportunities that materialized on the SSAT side over the coming 12 months, 24 months?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Ben this is Matt. I would say that the scope of our joint venture, geographic scope is on the US West Coast. So that isn't to say that we could look at jointly doing something outside of that area. But the prime focus of the joint venture is within that geographic area. But I would say within that geographic area, there is -- we're looking at now a discussion of a potential new terminal. It's been publicly announced Terminal 5 in Seattle. There's a lot of moving pieces of international ocean carriers moving around as the Port of Seattle is looking at opening up new space closest to its downtown and migrating some others off of Terminal 46 and some other stuff going on and where there's no finalized deal there yet, but there is a possibility of us picking up an eighth terminal. We have 7 terminals in the joint venture now in the West Coast. This could potentially add an eighth sometime this year, and that's been previously announced by the Port of Seattle. But that's an example.
We continue to be very interested in working with our partners at SSA to grow this joint venture. The nice part about the joint venture as we've mentioned many times is, they are the best operator, terminal operators on the US Coast by far and so there continues to be interest by various alliances in having SSAT conduct its operations. And so, we continued to be very open over time as we have been over the last two decades, not necessarily pulling our dividends out, but continuing to focus on retaining the capital inside that joint venture to grow it and get the kinds of results that we experienced in 2018. So we again, continue to be very bullish on this joint venture and our joint venture partners.
Benjamin Nolan -- Stifel -- Analyst
That was very thorough (ph). Certainly appreciate. Thanks, Matt. Nice quarter guys.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thanks, Ben.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Ben.
Operator
Thank you and our next question comes from Jack Atkins of Stephens. You may proceed with your question.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Hey guys, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Jack.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
So, Matt, if I could start with a question on IMO 2020, and I know you don't discuss this in your prepared comments, but I guess as I'm thinking about it, you guys are, just from my perspective, really positioned I think in a really advantageous way as this regulation sort of takes effect. So I would just be curious to get your thoughts on IMO 2020 and with the fact that you've got scrubbers installed in your Alaska fleet, you're going to have some scrubbers installed on the China fleet out there, which also services Hawaii. I mean how do you think about the potential to either pick up some market share or pickup some margin overall just given the fact that you're going to have a significant competitive advantage with your fuel input cost versus your competitors?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it's a good question, jack. I think our primary threshold first, was to make sure we feel we are well prepared. And with regard to our -- the domestic trades, the Hawaii trade, Alaska trade, our Logistics businesses and those kinds of things, we have and continue to expect our fuel surcharge mechanisms to help cushion any increases in costs in those trades, although you rightly point out that in our Alaska service, that we do have scrubbers installed, our competitor is burning more conventional motor fuels. The same perhaps is true in Hawaii, but our main goal at this point is to keep our fuel surcharges as low as possible and compete on other services. It's a little hard for us to speculate as to whether it provides us a competitive advantage. I would note in the China service, though and a number of CEOs of large international ocean carriers have talked about an additional $15 billion fuel bill for the international ocean carriers and it requires a level of discipline that in trying to be effective in collecting fuel surcharges and candidly the track record of international ocean carriers being able to recover their fuel cost, is not very good. And so I would just say we believe ourselves to be well positioned, we --- it might be -- create opportunities on the China side, if the markets are in chaos, Matson drives in chaos. And so, this is an area of lots of uncertainty, but we feel extremely well placed to -- for whatever happens in the marketplaces in which we operate.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. That makes a lot of sense and then I guess a two-part question on sort of what's going on in the Transpacific lane. Could you maybe comment around contract season and sort of how you think the contract mid-season is going to play out? Obviously, second half of the year, very difficult comps in the spot market. Would just be curious to get your -- get your thoughts on sort of just overall contract rate environment in '19 for the marketplace.
And then, just as a follow-up to that, how did the fourth quarter play out with regard to pull-forward versus your expectations? Obviously, October was -- you saw a significant pull-forward of freight for the data, but it seems like December maybe didn't see as much as we were initially expecting. I just would be curious to get your thoughts on how that played out.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So, with respect to how we see the China rate environment turning out, I think what -- it's -- first of all, it's too early to tell what's the short answer, but in the next month or so, we're going to start seeing and -- as we get into this April season and the contracting that goes on in this process, but what we understand is the international ocean carriers are pushing hard to create a mechanism in their annual service contracts that would allow them to recover higher fuel costs from January 1, 2020 through April 30.
And as you know, Jack, the contracting season is May 1 to April 30. So international ocean carriers are focused on trying to get mechanisms in place that would allow for them to pass through the higher cost of the IMO fuel post 1/1. So far their customers are pushing back strongly on that, and so there continues to be at this early stage something of a stalemate, but again, it's yet very early in the process. So our view is that, that is probably going to be the most important element to watch for in the -- in the contracting environment, followed closely by how much deployed capacity are they going to put in the trade.
I think if there's any lesson for the international ocean carriers, when you look at the first half versus the second half of 2018 was that, if you put too much capacity and rates fall and if you try to better manage supply and demand, the nature of capacity, you get a much better rate outcome. So that's about all I have, other than kind of stay tuned on the rate environment. And forgive me, I didn't write down your second question.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
No, no that's what I get for asking a rambling question. But I guess, the second part, Matt, would just be, how do you think about or how did the fourth quarter play out with regard to the pull-forward? Obviously, you guys were expecting some, we saw some, but was December the -- did December see the type of pull-forward that you were initially expecting when you gave your guidance in early November?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I mean -- so I often, Jack, will be commenting on market conditions versus Matson's conditions. So let me be clear here. We at Matson, saw extremely strong demand all the way through December. And what had happened -- and all the way through into January. And what happened was that because of the pull-forward of, or the threat of the change in tariffs, a lot of cargo got advanced, which created a significant amount of congestion in the LA Long Beach Port complex, a significant backlog of real demand, a significant billing of West Coast warehouses and causing lots of disruption in chassis, internal availability, there were a number of what they call extra loaders which were unplanned large ship arrivals, which threw the Southern California Port complex into disarray, which plays exactly into Matson's strengths.
So in a period where we otherwise might have been a little slower, cargo was getting frustrated inside of ocean carrier terminals for seven, 10 days, 14 days before they became available and the rail service was similarly negatively impacted. So while we do think there was a definite pull-forward in the market, the disruption caused by the pull-forward put Matson in this highly differentiated sweet spot where if you actually want to get your cargo and not have it held hostage on one of the terminals, we were the carrier to use. So we do think there is -- there was a pull-forward effect. We do think it will be a little bit slower post Lunar New Year, but those are our thoughts on how it impacted us in the quarter, Jack.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you, Matt. And then last question from me, and Joel, this one is for you. Just want to echo Kevin's comments around kudos on the longer-term depreciation and CapEx and interest expense guidance. But when we think about 2019 cash from operations, obviously 2018 was a very, very strong year for cash in terms of cash from operations. How are you thinking -- I know you don't want to provide specific cash from ops guidance, but how should we think about the direction of cash from operations in 2019? Do you think we -- you can maintain these levels that you saw in 2018, or -- I'm just trying to think about our way on free cash flow this year?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Well, the key driver, you start at the top of EBITDA. So in our outlook, we're basically saying EBITDA is going to approximate last year's level, but then adjust downward for the sale leaseback transaction. And so -- and then everything below that is going to be working capital items dry-docking items, tax items, et cetera. And one -- and a couple of elements of why this year was particularly strong, we had EBITDA in line with our general expectations for the year, but we also had a lot less dry-docking in 2018 than we did in 2017. So that was very helpful item. We're continuing to focus -- SSAT had a really good year, so the focus in cash flow generation coming out of SSAT was strong. We're very focused on working capital as a company. So we did see some improvements in working capital in 2018, that if sustained, then would just be good. It wouldn't be year-over-year increases in 2019. So -- but overall, Jack, there's no reason we can't still put up very, very strong cash flow numbers in 2019. But it's going to be driven by more things below EBITDA and the working capital and dry-docking size than it would be on anything from EBITDA.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Okay, makes sense. So if I could just maybe sneak one more question for you, Joel, and here on depreciation and amortization. The 2021 number, it's a pretty big step up versus 2020. Is that -- is that due principally to higher dry-dock amortization? Because if my memory serves, you guys would be kind of going into a two-year period of higher dry-dock amortization in 2021, '22. Is that -- is that the right way to think about that?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, that's a big piece of it, because we do our '20 -- it's every five years, so 2016 and '17 were big years, then you begin to get into that 2021 as well. So that's a piece as well as the whole -- the full-year effect of the last -- the last vessels delivered in third quarter. So those are the two biggest drivers of that additional $10 million increase.
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you for the time guys. I appreciate it.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Okay. Thanks, Jack.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks Jack.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from Steve O'Hara from Sidoti. You may proceed with your question.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Hi, good afternoon.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Steve.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Steve.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Hi. Just a question on the -- the previous guidance on the -- or I guess, cost outlook on the ships and the benefits there. I know you said you expected depreciation to be lower. So that expectation was still the same and I think it was $28 million to $31 million was the reduction in operating costs going from 10 to nine. Is that still the same aside from maybe the $5 million additional that you get from the investments in 2021 or something?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Steve, big picture. Yes, everything is the same. The core economics of the $28 million to $31 million benefit from the four ships is still the same. About half -- $13 million of that with the reduction of 10 fleet units down to nine, and the other half came from partly efficiencies in our auto rolling stock business given the garages (ph) on the third and fourth ship and then just general lower maintenance and repair costs across all four vessels. So that core of $28 million to $31 million, it's still the same. On the G&A side and that's part of the reason we wanted to get longer visibility here. There's a lot of moving parts. I mean, we've got the scrubber projects, we've got the other projects I mentioned on the CapEx slide. So we wanted to layer in all these new projects on top of the $5 million to $8 million reduction from the vessels themselves so we could give investors a good picture of the next couple of years and how that plays out. But embedded in all these new numbers that we just showed you is a consistent improvement and benefits from the four ships themselves.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay, OK. And then just can you remind me what the one-time benefit was in SSAT net last year and what that was from, the size and...?
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, that was about $3 million and it came from just a whole slew of year-end adjustments as they closed their accounting books through January 31 year-end. And so if they have year-end adjustments, it hits us in Q1. So that's what it was last year.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay, OK. And then just on Logistics, I mean, I think you're looking for kind of flattish operating income in 2020, but up in the first quarter, I guess. And what's happening later in the year that's maybe not as favorable? Is it related to the pull-forward that you talked about earlier or the very strong demand with tariffs or is there something else going on that's maybe weakening things as the year goes on?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think our view was we -- we like many other logistics operators, had the ability to effectively reprice our entire portfolio of businesses on the brokerage side. And so we got -- we got the benefit of that as the year went on. We are beginning to lap the good news with regard to the repricing and some of the other favorable dynamics as we move forward.
So I think we continue to feel that the unit will perform very strongly after a record 2018. We think we're going to replicate it, but I don't think there's anything particular about because we're saying we're going to have a stronger first quarter, that implies there's other new negative things that are opening up, but more rather we think as the full year progresses, there might be a fourth quarter impact in 2018 that ends up performing stronger than the fourth quarter of 2019 because of some of the pull-forward another congestion that we saw. But we're not trying to make any significant statement, Steve, about new negatives that are opening up relative to the strong performance we're seeing.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay. And then maybe lastly, with the ship -- looks like the fourth ship moved forward a little bit and I'm just -- can you just remind me what the issue was there on the -- the timing? Why was it delayed, was it commodity related or costs related there?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, the, the impact there was the yard in which we were constructing the second two vessels in San Diego at NASSCO had a dry-dock or construction dock that had some flooding and took it out of commission and they had to rejuggle their schedule, delivery schedule and initially gave us a number that they've now pulled in because they've been able to figure out how to deliberate closer to its original due date. So nothing more than a better plan, a recovery plan from the shipyard related to that incident.
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay. All right, thank you very much.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay, Steve. Thank you.
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Steve.
Operator
Thank you, and our next question comes from Michael Webber of Wells Fargo. You may proceed with your question.
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Hey, guys. How are you?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Good, Mike. How are you?
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
I'm good. Most of my -- my questions have been asked, but I wanted to touch on just a couple of sector points. We certainly agree on the, I guess, the degree of skepticism around the international airlines (ph) ability to pass through an exogenous shock to their cost curve. I'm just curious, considering that you do share customer base, have you noticed any material change in that customer base in terms of the way they're approaching booking their freight, the way they're thinking about credit risk? Have you just noticed anything aside from just the degree kind of a tense kind of stalemate as everyone kind of stares at their attempts to pass that through?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it's a good question. It's a little early to tell, Mike. I would say one of the factors that we've not talked about, I don't think it's going to be a cascade effect, but I think a lot of our customers who were -- because of the tariff situation and as it played out, if you had -- if you sourced from multiple Asian countries given the political risk, you were looking to see if you could expand sourcing from some -- from your second country outside of China. If you were a sole source or inside of China, you begin to look at developing at China plus one strategy from customers, just making sure and hedging their production sourcing, I don't think that these things are not easily done and they're done over many years. And so that was something that occupied some of our customers' minds.
I think the other point I would make about the change in sourcing is there's always a sourcing that is looking for lowest cost anyway, so we saw our normal customers in China looking to source at Vietnam and other low-cost countries, but that follows the last 30 years of cargo moving from Japan to Taiwan, from Taiwan to Korea, from Korea to China, from China to India and Australia -- I mean in Vietnam. So that sourcing thing is I think part of a larger factor. Exactly how this -- back to your -- part of your question about IMO and the kind of stand off, a little hard to tell. My sense is, if the carriers don't get a satisfactory outcome with regard to mechanisms that allow them to recover all or part of their fuel surcharge, they're going to take a very hard look at deployed capacity. But that's only speculation on my part.
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Got you. Although that kind of leads into my last question. Just around -- around that deployed capacity, have we seen -- there's been an oversupply of MegaMex, an ultra large tonnage on Asia to Europe and that's -- it started to spill over, not necessarily to TransPac, it's been mostly kind of in the Mideast end routes. But there has been more kind of one-off MegaMex vessels kind of trading TransPac. I don't think anyone has announced (inaudible) yet, but as you think about the way, I guess -- maybe just how do you think about the dynamics over the next three years to four years or maybe longer when it seems inevitable that we're going to see some ultra large tonnage actually on TransPac and how that impacts your speed advantage and also your premium service?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I mean I think we could not be better placed. I think you're going to continue -- the premise of your question, I agree with, which is larger and larger ships, even 10,000 ship, 10,000 TEU ships moving to 14,000 TEU ships as those ships are deployed from Europe to the TransPac. I see more pressure on consolidation among the ocean carriers, more pressure on potentially slow steaming as a solution to a partially successful IMO if they don't get that back in the mechanism, more grouping of big large ships making terminals congested, which allows us to continue to stand apart in our service offering as a deferred airfreight type of products. So I feel very confident in the long-term prospects and the macro trends for our little Express China service.
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Yeah, it would seem that way. Out of curiosity, do you think -- do you think it's likely within the next three years or four years, we see as an actual a string of MegaMex carriers trading TransPac?
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, yeah, I mean, I would expect to see larger ships of 14,000 TEUs in and strings of those over the next few years. And I think if you look at investments that SSAT, our joint venture is making, a lot -- newer larger cranes at our -- one of our terminals in Oakland OICT, the largest cranes to accommodate that, we continue to position our joint venture to be able to accommodate those because we do expect their coming and strings of those to be coming.
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
Okay. That's interesting. All right. I appreciate the time, guys. Thank you.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thanks, Mike.
Operator
Thank you. And I'm not showing any further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Matt Cox for any further remarks.
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thanks, operator. Thanks to everyone for listening and we look forward to catching up with everyone at the first quarter call. Aloha.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today conference. This does conclude today's program and you may all disconnect. Everyone have a wonderful day.
Duration: 64 minutes
Call participants:
Lee Fishman -- Investor Relations Officer
Matthew J. Cox -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Joel M. Wine -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Kevin Sterling -- Seaport Global -- Analyst
Benjamin Nolan -- Stifel -- Analyst
Jack Atkins -- Stephens Inc. -- Analyst
Steve O'Hara -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Michael Webber -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst
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