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Cabot Corp (CBT -1.35%)
Q3Â 2019 Earnings Call
Aug. 06, 2019, 2:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Q3 2019 Cabot Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-answer session and instructions will follow at that time.
[Operator Instructions]
As a reminder, this call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Mr. Steve Delahunt. Sir, you may begin.
Steve Delahunt -- Vice President, Treasurer & Investor Relations
Thank you. Good afternoon. I'd like to welcome you to the Cabot Corporation earnings teleconference. With me today are Sean Keohane, CEO and President; and Erica McLaughlin, Senior Vice President and CFO.
Last night, we released results for our third quarter of fiscal year 2019, copies of which are posted in the Investor Relations section of our website. The slide deck that accompanies this call is also available in the Investor Relations portion of our website and will be available in conjunction with the replay of the call.
During this conference call, we will make forward-looking statements about our expected future operational and financial performance. Each forward-looking statement is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in such statements. Additional information regarding these factors appears under the heading Forward-looking Statements in the press release we issued last night and in our last annual report on Form 10-K that is filed with the SEC.
In order to provide greater transparency regarding our operating performance, we refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures that involve adjustments to GAAP results. Any non-GAAP financial measures presented should not be considered to be an alternative to financial measures required by GAAP. Any non-GAAP financial measures referenced on this call are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in a table at the end of our earnings release issued last night and available in the Investors section of our website.
I will now turn the call over to Sean Keohane, who will discuss the key highlights of the company's performance. Erica McLaughlin will review the business segments and corporate financial details. Following this, Sean will provide closing comments and open the floor to questions. Sean?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Steve and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. In the third quarter 2019, we have to navigate a number of challenges in the business environment. Despite this, we delivered solid results with adjusted earnings per share of $1. I was particularly pleased with the performance of our Reinforcement Materials segment, which generated a sequential improvement in profitability and highest level of quarterly earnings since quarter three of 2018.
I'm also encouraged by the continued progress of our transformation plan in Purification Solutions, which resulted in year-over-year improvement in this segment. During the quarter, we delivered strong cash flow performance and we closed on the sale of our Specialty Fluids business, thereby achieving an important portfolio objective.
We have not seen improvement in the macroeconomic conditions in the third quarter and the environment for the chemical industry as a whole was more challenging than anticipated. PMI continued to weaken globally, automotive production remained in negative territory and China remained soft. Exacerbating the situation was a lack of progress on the global trade front between US and China. While the direct impact of tariffs on our results was small, the lack of clarity on a global trade framework has created caution across the customer base. These high level themes impacted our results, particularly in our Performance Chemicals segment.
Recognizing the current business environment, we took proactive steps to counteract the impacts we are seeing across the company. First, we continue to focus on opportunities where we could grow volumes. For example, Reinforcement Materials volumes in China grew year-over-year, driven by a stable domestic market for replacement tires.
Second, we continue to manage cost through a combination of productivity measures, tight management of discretionary spending and structural improvements related to our Purification Solutions transformation plan.
And third, we further tighten capital spending. Our full year forecast is now $230 million to $240 million and well below the full year guidance we gave at the beginning of the year as we are carefully balancing growth investments with prudent cash management.
Finally, we continued our sustained focus on working capital to drive strong operating cash flow, which was in access of a $100 million in the quarter. We remain committed to returning cash to our shareholders and in the quarter, we increased our dividend by 6%. Total dividend paid in the quarter totaled $20 million. We also repurchased shares of $32 million in the quarter and over the past four quarters, we have repurchased 7% of our outstanding shares.
While the current environment remains challenging, we are committed to the long-term growth plans and our core businesses and have conviction around the fundamentals of our markets and our strategy. On this front, we completed construction at our new fumed silica plant in Wuhai, China, which will contribute to the Performance Chemicals segment results starting in the fourth quarter.
Before I turn it over to Erica, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Specialty Fluids team for their contributions to Cabot over many years and for their strong support during the sales process. I wish the business and all of their employees much success in the future.
I'll now turn it over to Erica to discuss the business results in more detail.
Erica McLaughlin -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Sean. I will discuss the segment results beginning with Reinforcement Materials. EBIT from Reinforcement Materials for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 decreased by $2 million as compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The pricing mix benefit that we achieved from our 2019 customer agreements were more than offset by the impact of lower margins in China from a more competitive pricing environment.
Globally, volumes declined 2% in the third quarter as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a 7% decrease in volumes in Europe from softer automotive production. In Asia, we delivered volume growth of 2%, driven by higher volumes in China, as the replacement tire market continues to be firm and we remain a preferred supplier.
We have been pleased with the results of the 2019 customer agreement and our continued attention of pricing actions has largely addressed the cost of rising feedstock differentials in the quarter. As the feedstock environment presents a more complex set of issues than a typical annual contract negotiation, we're continuing to spend time educating customers on these topics as part of our 2020 negotiation process.
Our view on this remains consistent and that is that our increased cost must be passed down the value chain. This is consistent with the way the industry is worked for a long time and has been reflected in recent price increase announcements by most of the major carbon black players in North America that are intended to cover EPA surcharges, feedstock differentials and higher freight costs.
Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we expect similar results in Reinforcement Materials to those of the third quarter with the assumption that the current challenging business conditions continue.
Now turning to Performance Chemicals. EBIT decreased by $19 million year-over-year, largely due to lower volumes and a less favorable product mix. The less favorable product mix was largely due to weaker demand and the more profitable automotive and fiber end market, which primarily impacted the Specialty Carbons product line in the quarter.
Timing of orders in our fumed silica product line resulted in volumes declining 2% in Performance Additives, while volumes were down 2% in Formulated Solutions due to lower sales in our inkjet product line. Similar to Reinforcement Materials, there was a challenge for this segment from feedstock differentials and EPA-related compliance costs that we need to recover. We continue to implement pricing actions to address these, including the global feedback surcharge that we announced today for all North American-produced specialty carbons.
Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we expect to see sequential improvement in Performance Chemicals from increased volumes in our fumed silica product line from the start-up of our new plant in China and the timing of off-take from our fence-line partners. These higher fumed silica volumes coupled with targeted customer actions in our specialty carbons business are expected to result in an improved segment mix sequentially.
Now moving to Purification Solutions. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, EBIT increased by $7 million compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2018. This was driven by higher volumes in our specialty applications, including food and beverage, chemicals and catalysts in addition to improved margins from price increases in the specialty applications. The business also reduced fixed cost in the quarter, driven by savings from the previously announced transformation plan. Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we expect to see sequential improvement in Purification Solutions, driven by lower fixed costs from the actions being taken in our transformation plan.
Now moving to Specialty Fluids. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, EBIT decreased by $1 million, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2018 due to the mix of project activity in the quarter. As we mentioned earlier, we have completed the divestiture of this business during the quarter and going forward, this segment will no longer be part of our operating results.
I'll now turn to corporate items. We ended the quarter with a cash balance of $147 million and our liquidity position has improved to $1.4 billion. In the quarter, we issued $300 million public bonds, the proceeds of which are used to repay commercial paper. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, cash flows from operating activities were $115 million, which include the decrease in net working capital of $16 million largely due to a reduction in inventory levels. We expect to see further improvement in operating cash flow for the fourth quarter as working capital should continue to be a source of cash in the quarter.
Total capital expenditures for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 were $58 million and are now expected to be approximately $230 million to $240 million for the full year. Discretionary free cash flow was $71 million in the third fiscal quarter, of which we returned cash to shareholders through $20 million in dividends and $32 million of share repurchases. The fiscal year-to-date and forecasted 2019 operating tax rate on continuing operations is 23%.
I'll now turn the call back over to Sean.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Erica. Now, I would like to give you an update on our outlook for 2019. While 2019 has been a challenging year-to-date, we expect our fiscal 2019 adjusted earnings per share to be at a comparable level with our fiscal 2018 results.
With about one-third of our sales going into automotive applications and about a quarter of our sales in China, maintaining our earnings level year-over-year is a result of actively managing to offset the challenging business and geopolitical headwinds.
The external forecast for recovery in China and stronger automotive OEM production have not materialized and we can't say with high confidence that recovery is likely in the fourth quarter. As a result, we are assuming that both of these markets remain generally in line with what we experienced in our third fiscal quarter. Against the current backdrop of macro and market trends, we are focused on controllable measures.
Looking at overall company results sequentially, we do expect fourth quarter earnings to be higher than the third quarter, driven by increased fumed silica volumes with the start-up of our plant in China and the timing of fence-line partner orders. Improved Purification results, driven by our transformation plan, will also contribute. And finally, we'll continue to focus on cost measures.
Looking ahead, our priorities are clear. First, we'll continue to leverage the strength of our global footprint and market-leading positions to manage the balance of volumes and margins and continue to push for pricing recovery of feedstock differentials. Second, we'll continue to execute cost and productivity measures to enhance long-term competitiveness. And finally, we will be aggressive stewards of cash as we focus on bringing down working capital levels and prudently managing the pace and timing of growth investments.
We are confident in the fundamentals of our core businesses, our leading positions and unparalleled geographic footprint and the robustness of the industry as we serve. Our advancing the core strategy seeks to balance growth and leadership in our core businesses with robust cash return to shareholders. We have conviction that this is the right strategy for Cabot and we are committed to delivering strong cash flows, investing for the future in our core businesses and returning cash to shareholders.
Thank you very much for joining us today, and I'll now turn the call back over for a question-and-answer session.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Michael Leithead of Barclays. Your line is open.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Thanks and good afternoon, guys.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Mike.
Erica McLaughlin -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Mike.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
I guess first on the earnings outlook, if we look at your goals of growing EPS at a double-digit CAGR, this year is essentially flat. So, as we start to think about fiscal 2020 and I know it's early still, but are there certain things that should snap back in your mind and get you back on that 10% CAGR trend line off of 2018? Or this year's $4 likely the new base we need to grow 10% or so off of into 2020? I guess, what are kind of the moving parts in your mind there?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Sure, Mike. So you're right, when we announced our outlook at Investor Day about a year ago, you might recall that the build out of that pathway, one of the key elements was overall volume growth in the 4% to 5% range across the portfolio. And I think clearly, we haven't seen that this year in 2019. Now, how much of that is destocking that eventually bounces back is a little bit difficult to tell at this point. For sure, I think the whole chemicals sector and ourselves included have seen volumes that are disconnected from what we believe end market demand to be and so generally that's a destocking phenomenon and that certainly has pointed out over the course of the year.
So, I think the question is how much of that comes back and what are the triggers for that to come back. And I think the biggest question right now is where does the global macroeconomic -- how does the global macro picture play out here? Do we see that there is some settlements around global trade that gives people confidence and therefore a trigger to be more aggressive in their order patterns and a replacement then of destocking? Or does this situation persist for a period of time? And that's pretty difficult to tell at this point here. So I think what we'll be doing is over the next quarter is, of course, evaluating the current environment and then we'll be in the middle of tire customer contract negotiations over the next quarter as well. So I think we'll be in a better position to address that question after we report the next quarter.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. That's helpful color. And then I think last quarter on the earnings call, when we were talking about the bridge for the back half of the year, you discussed the substantial EPA project this quarter that wouldn't repeat in 4Q and be a tailwind to 4Q earnings. Looking through the stuff, I don't seem to see any mention of the EPA projects. So, did that occur as anticipated and should that benefit 4Q versus 3Q?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
We were -- you're right, Mike, we were playing a positive benefit from rebuilding inventories in Q4 coming out of an extended Q3 EPA-related shutdown. So, this is one of the shutdowns that is tied to the industry consent decree and of course, building up to that shutdown, we had built quite a bit of inventory and then we're drawing down in this period of time. But the recent Hurricane Barry did impact one of our sites. And so the impact that we were getting from inventory change benefit is effectively offset here because with the outage at the plant, which is now back online. But with the outage of the plant, we haven't been able to rebuild inventories at the level that we had projected a quarter ago. So that's the offset.
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Jim Sheehan of SunTrust. Your line is open.
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Good afternoon and thanks for taking my question.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Jim.
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
So, could you clarify on the differentials in feedstocks? Have you been successful in passing that through only in Reinforcement Materials? Or am I hearing that wrong, do you -- are you making progress in both of your business segments or just one of the segments so far?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So important question, Jim, and one that is I think can be a source of confusion and these businesses operate a little bit differently. So let me try to clarify for you. So first, let me start with Reinforcement Materials and I would start by reiterating our underlying philosophy in this business that feedstock costs are passed through to customers. And we execute this with our customers as you know through a pricing formula that adjusts with a market index to basically calculate their price.
And about a year ago, as MARPOL issue was emerging, we saw that there might be challenges to this, and so, we introduced deliberate cost adjustment or a DCA into many of our contracts. And this DCA adjust pricing of the index to our contracts differs from actual, so that this philosophy of pass-through is upheld. And this year, we have indeed seen increased differentials in the feedstock markets and our DCA has adjusted pricing to ensure that those are pass-through. And we've also put in place feedstock surcharges to any customers that did not have a DCA in their contract and we'll continue to adjust these as needed.
So, while we have seen differentials widen in reinforcement, they did not meaningfully impact our EBIT performance in the third quarter due to this contracting strategy in our implementation of feedstock surcharges. Of course, this is an evolving situation as you know, and so we'll need to continue to ensure that we recover these costs going forward and continue to use a DCA concept with customers in our 2020 contracts in order to manage any further MARPOL-related uncertainty. So I think on Reinforcement Materials, that team is progressing well and our foresight on the DCA concept I think has been working well.
In specialty carbons, it's a different business and the philosophy in specialty carbons is a little bit different. The pricing is not as much tied to cost as it is more of a value-and-use pricing strategy. But that said, we do adjust prices as input costs move in a meaningful way. And so the differentials impact in specialty carbons is a bit more pronounced because this business tends to use low-sulfur feedstocks more than rubber blacks does and of course, the low-sulfur is impacted more by the MARPOL issue.
So, what we are seeing currently is that North American feedstock markets have adjusted earlier than expected to MARPOL and the cost of these low-sulfur feedstocks is up relative to the index, thus creating a differential. So the focus now is on getting these price adjustments in place. And so as a result, we've announced today a $0.07 a pound surcharge effective in September. It's intended to cover the cost of these rising differential.
So, same underlying situation, but two different businesses and the approaches are slightly different but the intent here is to get these recovered and passed along down the value chain reinforcement further ahead and quite pleased with progress there. Still some work to do and stay vigilant. Specialty carbons, more work in front of us.
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Once your surcharges are in place, do you think that means that the differential problem is effectively fixed for 2020? Or do we still stay tuned on that?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, difficult to tell, because it's a moving target and where pricing settles out on low-sulfur, I think you need to accumulate enough activity, enough trades in order for an index to really firm up. And so I would say, it's probably still too early for that and everyone who is in this value chain is I think watching for that. But based on what we see today, if we successfully implement here, then we believe we'll have coverage.
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Terrific. And could you just talk about what you expect your utilization rates to be on the fumed silica plants in Wuhai for the fourth quarter and where do you expect -- when do you expect it that to be fully ramped up?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So the start-up of a chemical plant of course doesn't reach full capacity instantaneously. It's always a ramp-up here as we get customers qualified. So, I would say that we'll be ramping to full production across the next quarter. That's how I would think about it.
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from David Begleiter of Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Christine Besselman -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hi, this is Christine on for David.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Christine.
Christine Besselman -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Just two questions on China. Can you talk a little bit about the pricing dynamics in China this quarter and what your expectations are through the remainder of the year?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So I think China is certainly a challenging environment in the short term. I think it's important to think about this both in the short-term and the long-term. So maybe a couple of thoughts to help out and I'll start with the short-term here. First of all, auto production in China remains very weak and so this -- the month of June was the 12th month in a row where auto production was down on a year-over-year basis. So pretty significant. I think on a year-to-date basis, auto production is down about 16% in China.
And so you probably are well aware of the factors that are driving that, but that has created a more -- that reduction in demand has created a more competitive environment in China. And as a result, pricing has been under more pressure there over the last couple of quarters. I think the other factor that's pointing out in the short term is the trade dispute between US and China because it just presents a lot of uncertainty and companies are unable to really plan properly and so, as a result, are very cautious on inventory levels. And again that creates or contributes to a more competitive environment in the carbon black side of things. So we really need to see consumer sentiment firm up a bit in China, number one. I think that would help remove some of the uncertainty and give customers more clarity and confidence to fill out their supply chains. And then the second is that we would need to see automotive production improve and these significant negative comps at least begin to reverse. And with that happening, then, a more firmer demand environment would begin to provide some support for pricing.
I think over the longer term, our view here hasn't changed in terms of China making almost 40% of the world's tires and carbon black so important to recognize that. I think the second is that China still has the largest car park in the world and many of these cars have yet to hit their replacement cycle. And then, our view on the feedstock side is that the coal tar and carbon black production are fairly well balanced here as steel -- virgin steel production has slowed. So we think that picture remains intact. And then finally, I think the environmental enforcement in the long term will remain a priority for China.
So these factors give us confidence in the long term, but we certainly have to work through this somewhat unprecedented short term situation in China and we are doing that. While we're not thrilled with the level of profitability that we add, we are still quite profitable in China and the overall results of the reinforcement segment this quarter were quite strong given that set of circumstances.
Christine Besselman -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Thank you. That was super helpful. And then just one question on Q4. Can you elaborate a little bit on what's driving the strong Q4 growth? I know that you mentioned obviously the fumed silica plant and then targeted customer actions, which most likely means price increases. And then on incremental cost measures, what other cost strings are you able to pull in order to hit that year-over-year inside 17% guidance?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So the sequential path is driven by a few items you've touched on, but let me just try to frame it up perhaps a little bit more. So I think in Performance Chemicals, we expect increased volumes from the operation of the new plant in China as well as volumes from our fence-line partners that were weaker in Q3 and that weakness not repeating. So, those two factors drive higher fumed silica volumes and fumed silica tends to be the highest margin product across the Performance Chemicals portfolio. So the mix gets better as a result.
We also have a number of targeted actions, both in terms of pricing as well as certain customer mix actions that we expect to contribute in the quarter. So there is a series of things there across Performance Chemicals.
The second driver would be improvement in Purification Solutions in Q4 as they typically see some improvement from seasonality as well as incremental benefits from our transformation plan.
And then finally, reducing spending and continuing to drive productivity projects. So those three things.
If I give you a rough sense for that, I would say the first, the series of things across Performance Chemicals is probably in the $5 to $6 million range. The improvement sequentially in Purifications in the $2 million to $3 million range. And then on the cost actions kind of in the $4 million to $5 million range. So hopefully that gives you a sense of the drivers and the magnitude and the level of controllability here. Given the uncertain environment that we're all facing, we're really focused on controllable measures as much as possible.
Christine Besselman -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
That's great. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Chris Kapsch of Loop Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Chris Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yes. Good afternoon. A couple of follow-ups, I guess, focused on China. Sean, you mentioned slower virgin steel production, which I assume means a little bit less availability of crude coal tar. And so I don't know if that's causing any movement in the feedstock costs over there, but can you just talk about that juxtaposed against what the pricing environment? I understand that since there is no real contracts over there that the concept of differentials doesn't really apply to China, but just wondering if you're seeing the need to get pricing against a backdrop of higher costs or is that pretty well -- or are pricing and feedstock costs sort of matched right now?
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So in China, what we are seeing is that the feedstock costs have been somewhat volatile, but pricing tends to follow that. So less of a differential issue and more of -- I think what we need to see in China is more demand side support. And with that, then pricing will improve and move back to levels that we had seen in the past and that we would consider more normal for the long term here. So, as demand side pressure begins to pick back up and you couple that with the feedstock market being in balance, we don't see -- once that demand situation improves, we don't see lots of excess feedstocks and therefore pricing on the carbon black side should be -- should firm up. So I think it's more of a demand issue in China, Chris, than I think it is a differentials issue.
Chris Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. If -- and then if I could just follow up on the -- just on the ramp of the new fumed silica plant there, because I think you referenced your fence-line customer showing softer volumes in this fiscal third quarter. I'm assuming it's the same fence-line customer, I don't know if that's a good assumption. But just the confidence level that your -- you'll see the volumes that you need to operate your plant at reasonable levels if that fence-line customer has weaker demand. And just what percent -- I'm assuming that silica goes back across-the-fence for elastomer application, what percentage of your capacity does that fence-line customer represent generally? And is it a take or pay arrangement in the new production? Thanks.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So let me let me try to clarify a couple of things there. So first of all, the fence-line partner demand impact that I referenced in Q3 is not related to the China project and so, it's in our other fence-line network in the western world. And so we feel pretty good that that won't repeat. On the China side, we brought the plant up on schedule and late in the quarter worked through commissioning and began the process of customer qualifications. This is all pretty typical stuff and what we'll see is that this will ramp across the quarter. We feel quite good about the volume ramp up here and have been building the commercial plans for this over the course of -- over the past year.
In terms of off-take of that to our fence-line partner versus what we sell in the open market, it's about half-half and so we feel quite good about the off-take from the fence-line partner and then the balance of it gets sold into our network in open market customers in both China as well as in certain cases can be exported to other parts of the world or other parts of Asia. So we feel pretty good about that assumption, Chris, that's embedded in Q4.
Chris Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Sean Keohane for any closing remarks.
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Well, thanks, everyone for joining today and for your continued support of Cabot and look forward to speaking again with you next quarter. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 37 minutes
Call participants:
Steve Delahunt -- Vice President, Treasurer & Investor Relations
Sean D. Keohane -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Erica McLaughlin -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Michael Leithead -- Barclays -- Analyst
Jim Sheehan -- SunTrust -- Analyst
Christine Besselman -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Chris Kapsch -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst
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