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Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc (RIGL 0.89%)
Q2Â 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 4, 2020, 4:30 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Greetings and welcome to Rigel Pharmaceuticals Financial Conference Call for the Second Quarter 2020. [Operator Instructions] A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions]
It is now my pleasure to introduce our first speaker Dolly Vance, who is Rigel's Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs and General Counsel. Thank you Ms. Vance. You may begin.
Dolly Vance -- Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs and General Counsel
Welcome to our second quarter 2020 financial results and business update conference call. The financial press release for the second quarter was issued a short while ago and can be viewed along with the accompanying slides for this presentation in the News and Events section of our Investor Relations page on our website at www.rigel.com.
As a reminder, during today's call we may make forward-looking statements regarding our financial outlook and our plans and timing for regulatory and product development. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from those forecasted. A description of these risks can be found in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2019 and subsequent filings with the SEC including our Q1 quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Any forward-looking statements are made only as of today's date and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
At this time, I would like to turn the call over to our CEO, Raul Rodriguez.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Dolly and thank you for joining us on our second quarter 2020 financial and business update call. Also joining me today are Tarek Sallam, our Vice President of Marketing; our Chief Medical Officer, Wolfgang Dummer; and Dean Schorno, our CFO.
Now turning to slide five, we would like to introduce you to our key value drivers. For those of you already familiar with our story, there is a new value driver there that we are excited to discuss. Rigel's four key value drivers are growing global sales of TAVALISSE in ITP; creating and capitalizing on the opportunity in warm automated hemolytic anemia; exploring TAVALISSE or fostamatinib in the treatment of COVID pneumonia and COVID ARDS; and subsequently, looking at other pneumonias and ARDS caused by other health problems; and lastly, expanding our pipeline of programs based on key opportunities with immune-associated diseases.
In Q2, we continue to make good progress across all of these areas despite the challenges of the COVID pandemic. We are very proud today to tell you about these. In the recent quarter, we continued to grow TAVALISSE sales on a year-over-year basis and reported today a 47% increase compared to the second quarter of 2019. We are very pleased with this given the external challenges. This is also a testament to the perseverance of our commercial organization in the highly differentiated and effective product we provide. Tarek will tell you more in a few minutes.
As a reminder, outside of the U.S., we received approval for the use of fostamatinib in ITP in Europe in Q1 of this year. And as recently announced, our product is now available in Germany and the U.K. by our partner Grifols under the brand name TAVLESSE. Another potential opportunity -- commercial opportunity in hematologic disorders is with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia or AIHA, which we feel it to be a very large opportunity for Rigel. AIHA is also an autoimmune disease like ITP, where the body produces antibodies against a certain hematologic cell type in this case red blood cells. There is a real unmet need given that there are no approved products for this indication.
Based on the progress we have made to date, Rigel is in a position to potentially be the first approved product in AIHA. In addition, this indication is very synergistic with ITP both indications sharing the same prescribing hemo physicians. That's giving us the ability to leverage the TAVALISSE experience and knowledge currently being built by the Rigel field force. As we shared recently, we are exploring the opportunity for TAVALISSE in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and associated conditions. TAVALISSE and SYK inhibition may provide a unique and effective treatment to address the overreaction of the immune system and the destruction unleashed by the virus. Wolfgang will describe the scientific rationale our compelling preclinical data and our recently announced investigator-sponsored trial in this -- in his section.
Lastly our RIP1 inhibitor and our IRAK1/4 inhibitor programs are both in Phase 1 trials and we are very excited about the potential for both of these assets. IRAK and RIP are very attractive immune targets. And based on the early data, our molecules have demonstrated characteristics and it give us a great deal of optimism for their potential. We continue to make progress in our discussion to secure a co-development co-promotion agreement with these assets and we believe that we will be able to do so by year-end. All of these key value drivers are extraordinarily attractive market opportunities that we are well positioned to advance.
Tarek will now give us a commercial update. Tarek?
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Thank you, Raul. Today, I will provide a review of our commercial efforts. As a reminder, TAVALISSE is indicated for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adult patients with chronic ITP, who have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment. Additionally, as Raul mentioned our product has been successfully launched by Grifols our European collaborators, under the brand name of TAVLESSE. We are excited to see the initial European markets come online, particularly with a broad indication that positions the product as a competitive alternative to the older standards of care.
So moving on to slide eight. We continue to gain momentum in the U.S. which accounts for over half of the approximately $2 billion global ITP market. We achieved net product sales of approximately $15 million for the quarter which is an increase of 40% -- 7% year-over-year and 18% over the previous quarter. This is our highest quarter of sales to date which is especially encouraging given the challenges that our field teams have been faced with. Additionally, we see continued strength in our persistency rate, which should improve as healthcare providers become more familiar with the product and utilize it in earlier lines of treatment.
We are pleased with this quarter's performance and the execution of our commercial efforts particularly in these challenging times. Physicians continue to express receptivity to TAVALISSE highlighting the recent second line data analysis, the unique mechanism of action, and having an alternative oral option. All said, we believe that over time enhanced physician access will allow us to accelerate our selling efforts to unlock incremental opportunity.
So I'm on slide nine. Central to these efforts, will be the recent post-hoc analysis of our Phase III trial in ITP. We have previously presented the 78% response rate of TAVALISSE, when utilized in the second-line setting. And here you can see this analysis of the data further broken down in more detail.
As a reminder, the initial presentation of response from our Phase III program focused on the entire overall study population, which had an average duration of disease of 8.5 years and a median of four previous treatments. While many healthcare practitioners were impressed at the overall response rate in this clinical setting, the additional information reflected on this graph, highlights that TAVALISSE and its differentiated mechanism of action can achieve response rates similar to other treatment options, when used earlier in the treatment cycle.
We believe this more refined look at the data will enable clinicians to make decisions focused more on therapeutic approach and individual patient needs and less on clinical trial response rates. So let's transition to how we are educating healthcare providers on this new information and providing support for their patients during this unique and unprecedented environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Slide 10, please. As recent data suggests, unfortunately it seems that the COVID-19 pandemic is not abating in the U.S. Like other organizations, we have not seen improvements in terms of our opportunities to have face-to-face interactions with physicians. That said, our team has been doing a fantastic job, utilizing virtual engagements to stay connected with our customers and to continue educating on TAVALISSE. The new data analysis we just reviewed is a valuable tool that we have integrated into our selling materials and is being used by our field teams in clinical conversations with the physician community.
Due to its recency, awareness of the data is relatively low among our customer base right now. But it is growing and we are encouraged by the positive feedback from physicians. Importantly, this post-hoc analysis was recently published in the British Journal of Hematology. This is a highly respected journal and we believe this recognition can help improve the awareness and conversation about this data among treating physicians. We believe this is a growing opportunity supported by the endorsement of KOLs and now a highly respected peer-reviewed publication that reinforces the benefits of using TAVALISSE in earlier lines of treatment.
So turning to slide 11. We are very excited to have a product that is now launched in markets outside of the U.S., namely Germany and the U.K. Our European collaborator Grifols is planning a phased rollout over the next 18 months across the rest of Europe. We also continue to make progress with our other partners listed on it and look forward to increasing the global footprint of TAVALISSE/fostamatinib.
And finally with a solid foundation in place that will support our commercial success in ITP, we are excited to execute on our strategy to make fostamatinib a franchise product, specifically the opportunity to have a potential indication in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia or AIHA.
To give us an update on the progress we are making on this development program I will now hand the call over to my colleague, Wolfgang Dummer, our Chief Medical Officer. Wolfgang?
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Thank you, Tarek. Good afternoon, everybody. I'd like to begin on slide 13. With regards to our program in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we continue to be well-positioned to become the first approved drug for this indication. We're the only company currently in a Phase 3 pivotal trial and we have currently 44 patients randomized, which is approximately half of the study. I'd also like to add that we are the only company that has Phase 2 clinical data already in warm AIHA.
We view AIHA as an attractive opportunity due to important synergies with our commercial ITP business. We're continuously educating physicians on mechanism of action, efficacy, safety and best clinical use of TAVALISSE in the ITP market and these doctors are generally the same that treat AIHA patients. This should generate broad awareness of TAVALISSE, as a treatment option for AIHA right upon launch.
Turning to slide 14. Here's a brief update on our ongoing Phase 3 trial. As mentioned, we have currently 44 patients randomized and sites have reopened recently after the pandemic shutdown. It is too early to precisely predict timing of enrollment completion at this point. We will update as we get a better understanding how the pandemic affects recruitment over the coming months.
However, I would like to emphasize that we now have over 90 sites activated in 22 countries and having an established operational foundation in this environment is very important. Since some countries are likely to normalize more quickly than others, we will be able to ramp enrollment on a country-by-country basis as the situation permits. So we believe that as soon as the COVID-19 situation normalizes, we should regain momentum rather quickly and efficiently.
Slide 15. Switching to COVID-19 let me talk you through our program with TAVALISSE or fostamatinib in COVID 2019. Moving to slide 16. There is still a strong need to effectively treat COVID-19 and its disease complications. Fostamatinib can have a modulatory effect in several ways on the hyperreactive immune system, which causes the severe and life-threatening cases at a point where the viral load itself is already decreasing or eliminated.
While a vaccine would be important to generate broad immunity, there still is and there will continue to be a strong need for safe and effective treatment options including possibly fostamatinib. Fostamatinib is a great candidate to study as it is an approved well-understood product, easy to take as a pill with a large safety database of over 4,500 patients treated in clinical trials.
On the next three slides, I will lead you through the clear scientific rationale for SYK inhibition in COVID-19 before I speak about the clinical trial at Imperial College. This slide 17 provides a simplified overview of the role of SYK signaling in the COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Please have a look at the virus particle at the top middle of the image. In the early stages of the infection, the replicating virus causes lung epithelial cell destruction and release of so-called Damage-Associated Molecular Patent-DAMPs; and Pathogen Associated Molecular patent, PAMS, which binds to C-lectin receptors on the right of the image, signaling through C-lectin receptors can lead to excessive inflammatory cytokine release and coagulopathy from vascular endothelial cells, as well as to neutrophil activation inside the cytotoxicity by a process called NETosis. All these events can damage the lung and even other organs such as the kidneys or the heart. SYK inhibition with fostamatinib can reduce this highly inflammatory process.
On the top left of the image, you can see the second main reason for a hyper-reactive immune system. As a response to the viral infection, our immune systems begin to make anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. These antibodies then form immune complexes with the virus, which binds to FC gamma receptor-expressing cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes. And in some patients can induce excessive release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8. Here too, SYK inhibition with fostamatinib can ameliorate the cytokine storm and prevent organ damage.
Fostamatinib is the only SYK inhibitor that may -- is the only SYK inhibitor approved that may interfere with the pathology of COVID-19 at multiple points through multiple cell types and could, therefore, work in COVID-19 related organ damage, pneumonia and also ARDS of viral and other etiology. This is not an entirely new concept as we have preclinical data from our model in ARDS.
On slide 18, you see an executive summary of those experiments with R406, which is the active metabolite of fostamatinib. On the left, you see the histology of lung tissue under four different experimental circumstances. Upper left, healthy lung tissue with clear alveoli where transport of oxygen into the blood happens. On the top right, you see the same thing when only fostamatinib is administered with no negative impact on the lung. On the lower left, you see ARDS induced by LPS, which led to massive inflammation, fluid and cell debris in the alveoli, making oxygenation of the blood difficult or insufficient. On the lower right, you can see that fostamatinib had a clear beneficial effect on this pathology. And not surprisingly, as depicted on the panel to the far right, this led to survival of the mice with ADRS that were treated with fostamatinib.
On slide 19, I show you two additional references recently published independent of Rigel that further support the scientific rationale for fostamatinib. The first on the left comes from MIT and Harvard. They screen 3,713 compounds to identify any that are FDA-approved and reduced MUC1. MUC1 is a biomarker, which predicts the development of acute lung injury and ARDS, and correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Of all those compounds screened fostamatinib was the only to decrease expression of mucin-1 and is already FDA-approved and therefore was proposed by the authors for rapid repurchasing for patients with COVID-19 lung disease.
The other paper on the right referenced is from Amsterdam University Medical Center. The research is there demonstrated that R406, the active metabolite of fostamatinib blocked macrophage hyperinflammatory responses to a combination of immune complexes formed by anti-spike IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients. Anti-spike IgG levels correlated with the severity of COVID-19. Thus the ability of R406 to inhibit anti spike IgG-mediated hyperinflammation suggest that it could play a role in the prevention of cytokine storm pulmonary edema as well as thrombosis associated with severe COVID-19.
My last slide 20 depicts the Imperial College investigator-sponsored trial that has been opened recently. This is a three-arm randomized trial with fostamatinib or ruxolitinib plus standard of care versus standard of care alone. The first page will randomize 57 patients per arm for a total of 171 patients at which point an interim analysis will be conducted. Based on that, the second stage will enroll an additional 95 patients per arm for a total study size of 456. The treatment duration is 14 days and patients will be followed to day 28. We're excited to have this IT up and running because we expect this could provide initial clinical data in the relatively near future.
With that, I'll hand the call over to Raul Rodriguez. Raul?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Wolfgang. slide 21 please. We wanted to give you our view of the opportunity for fostamatinib in the treatment of progression of COVID pneumonia and ARDS as well as pneumonias more broadly. It is incredibly exciting to provide -- potentially provide a much needed therapy to address the ravages of the worst pandemic in our lifetimes. As you know, it's the overactive immune system which causes the majority of fatalities in COVID-infected patients. And as Wolfgang shared, we believe that fostamatinib may have a unique and beneficial immunomodulatory impact.
This is a near-term opportunity that can be quite sizable given the large number of patients impacted. The Imperial College ISTs and other potential ISTs can provide an early read on the potential benefit of fostamatinib and do so in a broad range of hospitalized patients through COVID from mild to more severe and with a broad range of treatment backgrounds. It's exciting to possibly provide a benefit in this extraordinarily large and near-term opportunity.
This also sets us up toward boring fostamatinib in the treatment of pneumonia and ARDS from other sources other origins beyond COVID both viral and non-viral. There are currently no approved agents for this. Every year in the U.S. there are over 1.3 million patients hospitalized for pneumonias. Approximately 200,000 of these progress to ARDS. With the same rationale that we laid out today, we believe that fostamatinib may have a benefit here. The COVID clinical experience would further confirm this and position us to pursue this large and enduring opportunity.
Let me move on to slide 23. On slide 23, I'd like to tell you about our fourth key value driver expanding our pipeline. At Rigel, we have a very rich history of discovery and developing attractive molecules. These includes all of the opportunities we are discussing today. We focus on the inhibition of key signaling pathways that are critical to many immune-mediated diseases. This includes both immune diseases as well as non-immune diseases, such as in areas as hematology oncology. We have three in-house programs that we have discussed today TAVALISSE, our oral SYK inhibitor; an IRAK1/4 inhibitor; and a RIP1 inhibitor program.
Our IRAK 1/4 inhibitor is the only molecule that inhibits both the IRAK1 and IRAK4 pathways and therefore is more profoundly immunosuppressive than other IRAK4 only programs. In preclinical studies, we have shown to block inflammatory cytokine production in response to toll-like receptor TLR and IL-1 receptor family signaling. And in the Phase I healthy volunteer study, we achieved proof-of-mechanism results, lowering inflammatory cytokines from LPS challenge and demonstrated favorable P/K profile.
We also had four posters on this program presented at the recent Eular meeting this past quarter. With our RIP1 program, we recently completed the multiple ascending dose stage of our Phase I study. Importantly, we have identified a dose range that we believe is safe and well within the expected clinical efficacy range. As previously mentioned, we are making progress identifying -- also identifying a CNS RIP inhibitor molecule for our CNS indications and moving it into the clinic next year. In addition to these, we have four partnered clinical programs, which include two JAK inhibitors, another key immune signaling pathway.
As you can see these assets provide us with many options to develop and create value for Rigel, including moving our programs forward ourselves, partnering in various structures, dividing the opportunities geographically or by size of indication. For our RIP1 and IRAK1/4 program, we are currently in discussions with potential large pharma partners and plan on concluding a co-development/co-promotion agreement by year-end.
In addition, we are putting in place further ISTs to allow us to explore the broad utility of our immune modulated inhibitors. And speaking, of which on slide 24, you see the broad range of possible co-indications that are available to these molecules. Some of these we will explore with partners, say with RIP or IRAK inhibitors. Some we will explore for ourselves, with ourselves alone such as ITP, AIHA potentially COVID pneumonia. Our broad portfolio of the immune modulators provide us with significant opportunities.
Now with that, I will turn the call over to Dean for a quarterly financial update. Dean?
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Raul. Turning to slide 26. For the second quarter of 2020, we shipped 1,632 bottles to our specialty distributors. 1,515 of those bottles were shipped to patients and clinics, while 117 bottles remained in our distribution channels at the end of the quarter. As of June 30, a total of 708 bottles remained in our distribution channels.
We reported net product sales from TAVALISSE of $15 million, a 47% increase compared to the second quarter of 2019. Our net product sales from TAVALISSE were recorded net of estimated discounts, chargebacks, rebates, returns, co-pay assistance and other allowances of $3.4 million, our gross to net adjustment, which is approximately 18.3% of gross product sales.
Before we move on to net product sales, let me comment briefly on our expectations for the third quarter. While we're pleased with the continued growth, in our TAVALISSE sales in the second quarter and expect to see continued growth, in the third quarter of 2020, the impact of COVID-19 on our business that started, in the latter part of the first quarter, continues and remains uncertain.
As we've highlighted, we've made great strides in optimizing our ability to access our physician community remotely, and to provide the many patients suffering from chronic ITP in the U.S. with access to TAVALISSE. Once the significant impact and restrictions caused by COVID-19 are behind us and the future begins to normalize, we expect to see continued, strength and growth in our business. Onto the next slide, in addition to net product sales, Rigel's contract revenues from collaborations was $1 million for the three months ended June 30th, 2020 which consists of deferred revenue from our collaboration with Grifols, related to the performance of certain research and development services.
Moving on to cost and expenses, our cost of product sales was approximately $279,000 for the second quarter of 2020. Total cost and expenses was $33.4 million in the second quarter of 2020, versus $31.7 million, in the second quarter of 2019. The increase in total costs and expenses was primarily due to the third-party costs, related to Rigel's ongoing pivotal Phase III study, in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, research and development costs related to other clinical programs, and personnel-related costs, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense.
As we look toward the back half of 2020, we continue to expect our full year total cost and expenses to increase by approximately 15% to 20%, as compared to 2019, as we continue our commercial expansion and further our research and development pipeline, inclusive of the COVID-19 efforts that our team has discussed.
We ended the quarter with cash and short-term investments of approximately $92.5 million. During the second quarter, we accessed the second $10 million tranche from our $60 million term loan credit facility with MidCap Financial. This facility provides the company with access to an additional $40 million, which is subject to the achievement of certain conditions.
With that, I'd like to turn the call back over to Raul. Raul?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Dean. Moving on to slide 28, the COVID pandemic has clearly impacted our business. But it's also presented opportunities, for us to potentially contribute to a solution. And I cannot tell you how energized we are about this prospect. Let me summarize our efforts going forward, in each of the four key value drivers for the company.
We will continue to grow TAVALISSE in the U.S. ITP market. And we're excited about the use of TAVALISSE in earlier lines of therapy and the data that we have to support this position. Similarly, we look forward to supporting our partner Grifols, as they continue -- as they introduce physicians and patients, in Europe to TAVLESSE. We will work to complete the enrolment of our AIHA Phase 3 study with the reinitiation of screening and we look forward to enrolment increasing. We will expand our current lead in this area. And move forward to completion of that trial and filing an NDA. We will explore how to TAVALISSE could provide a -- potentially provide patients with COVID-related pneumonia, a much needed therapy. And we will continue to advance our RIP1 and IRAK1/IRAK14 programs, putting in place a partnership by year-end.
Before I turn the call over to you questions, I want to just make a quick note. I wanted to highlight an addition to our management team. Dave Santos will be joining Rigel as our Chief Commercial Officer. Dave brings over 30 years of experience in hematology/oncology areas, in various commercial leadership roles with numerous successful companies. I think he'll be a great addition to the team and we look forward to his contributions in helping us advance our commercial efforts. And, in that, I also want to thank Tarek for his contributions and look forward to those as well.
So, with that, I'd like to open up the call to your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Our first question today comes from Eun Yang of Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.
Nalin -- Jefferies -- Analyst
This is Nalin [Phonetic] on for Eun. Just a couple of questions, particularly on the COVID-19 pneumonia questions -- on COVID-19 trial. Could you give us some details on what the pathway for getting an approval to non-COVID-19 pneumonia might look like? Following running a trial in COVID-19 pneumonia, which type of trial would you have to run? Which patient populations might be recruited? And how big might the trial be? Thank you.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Nalin. I'll make a couple of comments and ask Wolfgang to also add other comments. So we are very interested in pneumonia and ARDS prevention some time ago and that publication that Wolfgang shared, published in 2019 before this COVID pandemic came upon us.
And so, it's an area where we thought that our product could have real potential. And broadly speaking, because there are several different key sources of pneumonias, viral, non-viral, bacterial, others, autoimmune, for example. So there's several different pockets of those. We think there's a great opportunity for our product to meaningfully contribute to stop that progression. And as I mentioned, I think, this is an annual ongoing issue that we could have a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients.
Exactly -- there's nothing approved in this area. So there isn't a playbook that's readily written that we could simply copy, but we may have to look at other proximate models for such a circumstance. And, B, work with the FDA closely in order for us to pursue that. I think, the COVID pneumonia experience will be very helpful, because it has the same mechanism as some of these others and so that might itself needing a very useful precedence for how we go about it. Wolfgang?
Nalin -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Thank you very much.
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Yes.
Nalin -- Jefferies -- Analyst
No. Go ahead.
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
We have one second delay. So I support what Raul is saying, obviously, our first step would be to generate solid data in COVID-19. Then, as always, depending on how large the effect size is, you can take your learnings onto the design of non-COVID ARDS trial. So in other words the larger the effect is, the smaller the potential trial needed. So, at this point probably a little bit too premature to determine what the sample size what that trial would look like.
Nalin -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Thank you, very much. Just one more question if I may. So the quarter for Dean. So you previously mentioned that the funding for the COVID-19 trial would come out of funding intended for further work on TAVALISSE. Could you please clarify, if there were other indications beyond ITP and wAIHA that the company had intended to explore? Thank you, very much.
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. So, let me start and then I'll ask Raul to wrap up the comments on this with any incremental thoughts. But what we've described always is that we have exclusivity with fostamatinib/TAVALISSE through into 2032. And with that long runway, we've always had the intention to explore incremental opportunities with the -- with this asset. We believe that -- and therefore we've always planned from a cost perspective from an operating expense perspective to make investments in those areas.
We believe that today an optimal way to utilize resources is to explore COVID, COVID-related pneumonia and then the extension ARDS non-COVID that we've talked about. And so today those are really the focus of our -- at least our near-term operating expense. We may make choices into the future to invest in fostamatinib in other ways. But today it's really focused on the COVID-related opportunity and then the possibility into non-COVID ARDS.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
The only thing to add there is to highlight -- SYK inhibition has a very broad role. It's not solely FC receptor signaling as it is in autoimmune diseases like AIHA or ITP though it's quite beneficial there, but it has a broader role in immune modulation in other cell types and via other mechanisms and this COVID opportunity helps highlight that. And we'd like to take advantage of that because I think it provides us with a really useful tool. I think we've only begun to scratch the surface of the potential for SYK inhibition.
Operator
The next question comes from Yigal Nochomovitz of Citigroup. Please proceed with your question.
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Thank you. Good evening. I guess you may have seen that Denali and Sanofi announced plans to do a COVID trial with their RIP1 inhibitor. Obviously, you have one as well. Have you given any thoughts to whether you would take R52 into a COVID study in addition to fostamatinib?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thank you for your question. What's very interesting about that it's absolutely right and I may have potential as well in RIP inhibitors in the treatment of COVID. We are excited about TAVALISSE since we think the mechanism should work here. The proof-of-concept data that we shared today, not just in our hands, but really in the hands of independent collaborators is really compelling. And it has a difference from other development stage products such as our own 552 or RIP inhibitor is that it's approved. It's on the market. It's commercially available today. If doctors wanted to use it, they very well could even today.
We've manufactured large amounts of the product. Should ensure a benefit we could immediately deploy it to that effect. And that's a real difference over something that is in the pipeline and say, in Phase I clinical study. It does work the hurdles from there to actually getting to -- in the hands of a patient is very challenging. There are many of them. For us if a doctor wants to use TAVALISSE in a patient with COVID today, he or she could write a script and that patient would receive TAVALISSE in a matter of hours because most hospitals have a bottle.
And if they didn't have the bottle, we could send them the product overnight and that patient would get the product tomorrow. That's a real difference from a development stage product and something that is commercially available. In addition to the -- as I mentioned the preclinical support is outstanding for this opportunity. So it's clear what we would do. But in the future of course, we'll consider other things including a RIP program or even a JAK for molecule as well. We have those.
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Okay. Yes. I just thought it was interesting that you could potentially pursue two molecules for COVID but that's...
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Absolutely.
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
And then Raul, I just wanted to ask a question about the BJH paper. You have a very nice swim chart there showing the responses in the patients -- with the second line patients 78% response, but I was curious about the duration of response. It looks like about half of the 32 patients maybe a little less than half had duration of response of two years or longer which looked pretty good. Can you comment to what extent -- how does that compare with some of the other second line IPP therapies like the TPOs and Rituxan specifically on duration of response? How does TAVALISSE stack up there?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I'll ask Tarek and Wolfgang to also contribute to this. But I think it compares nicely. I think that's a very nice result. Keep in mind the following is that, we and they did our studies in different places and it's always difficult to compare one to the other -- another study done effectively almost a decade apart if not more. And so it's challenging to compare that way.
But I think having that type of durability is actually quite helpful because if you succeed in our product and you stay on it you're likely to continue to succeed for a very long time. Two years is a very long time in the treatment something like ITP. Tarek? Wolfgang?
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure. Thanks Raul. This is Tarek. And Yigal appreciate the question. So one of the exciting parts of the analysis and you actually honed on it quite acutely is actually the other side of the coin which is, we see that the second-line patients respond well. But frankly from a clinical perspective, it's about maintaining that response.
And if you look at the paper in that setting if you use $50,000 as the barometer it's about 83% -- excuse me and 83% and then about 92% maintain their response, if you use $30,000. So to get to your question though as kind of Raul was alluding to about an apples-to-apples comparison, as you're probably familiar with unfortunately across all the different ITP trials there's really no universal definition from an endpoint design of durability.
Almost every trial you come across even with the other TPO mimetic agents, it's frankly a very definition. But given that we saw upwards of 80% to 90% durability based on how long these patients had been on therapy, what I can tell you is that when we presented this data in market research and advisory boards this more than exceeds expectations from clinicians because their biggest fear is that they're going to take somebody out of harm's way, but it's going to be a transient effect. And they have a lot of confidence based on this data, because the way the response was defined in this is, it was based on a number of treatment days. So, however, long that individual patient was on fostamatinib on TAVALISSE that is how the response rate was determined. So that's the denominator there.
And so essentially, what it's saying is for the majority of time they're on a product, they're in that really great threshold and window of response, and so that really alleviated any of those concerns about any sort of transient effect. And so I can tell you the response has been pretty, pretty positive and affirmative about this data analysis.
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks. And just one final question for Dean. Dean, with respect to the cash runway, could you just remind us what the runway is currently? And are you planning to access this credit facility again this year?
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks Yigal. So we haven't given any guidance into the future, but let me answer your question in this way. So we ended the quarter with about $93 million of cash.
From a top line perspective, as we look into the future, we expect the continued growth of our TAVALISSE net revenues. And as Raul highlighted, we also expect an IRAK or RIP deal later this year, which could result in a significant milestone, significant inflow of cash. So the top line in combination with the cash we have on hand is significant for us.
From an operating expense perspective, we continue to expect to be able to create increasing leverage in the business from the clinical programs we've described as well as our sales and marketing efforts where when we look forward to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we expect to see significant leverage, no new sales force those types of opportunities.
So within that context with $93 million, the $40 million available in our credit line and other sources of financing leave us in a solid position where today we don't have any intent to raise incremental capital. That said, we will continue to monitor our needs and opportunities and we'll make sure that the business is adequately funded.
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Thank you. Thanks very much.
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
You're welcome.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Absolutely. Thank you.
Operator
Chris Raymond of Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your question.
Nicole Gabreski -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Hi, everyone. This is Nicole Gabreski on for Chris. Thanks for taking the question. So, maybe just to start on Amgen's recent endplate commentary. So the second quarter was the first quarter that Amgen cited flowing and plate new patient starts due to oral alternatives and ITP. I guess, does that match the TAVALISSE ITP market trends you guys saw during the quarter? And I guess, is it your sense that that was driven in part by COVID-19, the ASH data update or other factors?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I'll ask Tarek to comment on that and I'll add some color after.
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Yes. I appreciate it Raul. And thank you Nicole for the question. So I would say, yes, it does sink up with our data. We're seeing a decrease of endplate presence in the overall marketplace. I would say, causality frankly is something we've been tracking over time.
I think the COVID-19 -- and this is just really our impressions Nicole, but our impressions are essentially that really what we've been hearing from clinicians treating this disease as well as frankly from patients and patient advocates has been the need for more flexibility and certainly having oral therapeutics adds to that to be able to be an amenable therapy and really cater to patients' needs.
So, certainly in the COVID-19 pandemic with individuals either sheltering in place or frankly, just trying to remove themselves from healthcare contact, that's not necessary. Having an oral option where they don't have to go in for weekly injections is certainly a benefit and these are things that we've heard from providers in our research and our discussions and dialogues. So, I would say it's a trend that we saw before the pandemic and only more so accelerated during.
Raul did you want to add some color?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
The only further color to add I think is that once these trends become normalized they go from -- in and post-pandemic world they may very well stick and that's something that will also continue to monitor.
Nicole Gabreski -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Okay, great. And then maybe just as a follow-up. I know from your previous commentary, your sales reps have had the earlier line catalyst clinical data in hand since about February. And I know there's been some -- I guess transition, while not some, there's been a lot of transition to virtual communication just with the pandemic. But I guess I was just curious to get your thoughts on why awareness of this earlier line data is still relatively low and how you're working to remedy that.
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure. Raul if you don't mind I'll jump in there again. So, great question Nicole. So, as we previously presented in other forums Nicole. We trained our salesforce in February and launched the data into their selling materials toward the end of Q1 and going into Q2 really with the momentum from that data.
But the reality Nicole is the data was presented and obviously, as an esteemed meeting at ASH as a poster. But in order for data to be disseminated as I'm sure you well understand is you're also hoping that third-party outlets, trusted sources, a number of vehicles, not just our own commercial efforts are picking up on that information communicating it, educating it, whether that's our promotional efforts the CMEs, etc.
And certainly having an article now in a publication as esteemed as the BJH, we just see that as an accelerator if you will. And so while the teams have been doing a fantastic job and I really do have to commend them on their commitment and tenacity of looking for opportunities for virtual communication with our providers, as you well can imagine without having the live medical conferences and other opportunities, it's something that we're just progressing and building momentum and we really see this publication as an opportunity to pull that forward if you will. Hopefully, that answers your question.
Nicole Gabreski -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Yes, yes. Very helpful color. Thank you guys.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Nicole.
Operator
The next question is from Joe Pantginis of H.C. Wainwright. Please proceed with your question.
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
Hey guys. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. Two questions or sets of questions; one on U.S. and one in Europe. I guess starting with the U.S., I guess, my question really focuses on the current patients that are mostly targeted, second-line patients post-TPOS, etc. So, I guess, when you look at the current 54% persistency rate, which is great, I guess, how much are you looking to -- or your goal how much to increase that in that type of population versus how much bang for the buck -- sorry for the pun that you can get as you're looking to expand further into the first-line setting.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. So let me make a few words and ask Tarek to also comment on this. Persistency is something where we monitor very carefully as you can see. And as we launched the product it was used primarily in more refractory lines a bit more -- a bit in earlier line, but primarily more refractory and because they have a lower response rate naturally, your persistency is going to be lower. And as we move into earlier lines and as the dual benefit there's more patients there; and two the response rates are higher substantially higher as you saw in Tarek's slide. And we expect as a result of that persistency to continue to trend upward. Tarek?
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Yes. I think, you covered a lot of the key points there Raul. So Joe, I don't think, we're really giving guidance right now in the sense of what our aspirational persistency rates are. We believe that there's improvements as patients and frankly practitioners become more familiar with the product. We know that the prognosis of patients as you articulated as we move it up we know these patients are frankly -- they have a better prognosis.
They potentially have less comorbid conditions earlier in the stage of the disease. And we believe the patients can overall have a better outcome on our product represented not only by our own data analysis, but frankly just even anecdotally from talking to clinicians. And so as we move whether it's from patients from third line to second line or just earlier into care with those individual physicians, we're hearing on a case-by-case experience that physicians are finding greater utility for the product.
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
Got it. No that's helpful. And then my EU question, I know things are early right now with regard to the launch that Grifols is conducting. But I guess maybe two parts. Number one, can you highlight sort of, the blocking tackling that needs to go? What are the types of hurdles that you would see obviously, from a geographical standpoint? Is it more of just reimbursement in particular geographical areas or just the variability of types of treatments in geographical areas or a combination of both, number one? And then the second part is maybe for Dean, are you guys going to look to eventually break out the royalty streams versus the actual revenues in the P&L?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Tarek, why don't you make some comments on the European launch and measures...
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure and then I'll hand it off to Dean. It's perfect. And Raul feel free to add any color. So Joe, great question and not surprising because it's obviously exciting news for us to now have a global footprint and frankly to know that our product is providing benefit to patients outside of the U.S. essentially to say across the globe. So that's obviously a fantastic milestone that we're very, very proud of.
It is early days. So it is premature to kind of share any sort of, outcomes yet. It's only been a few weeks since Germany and the U.K. have started treating patients. But from the strong collaboration that we have with Grifols obviously, we see this as a huge opportunity. As you're well aware it represents almost $900 million market opportunity. As far as the hurdles, again, I think they're facing the COVID pandemic just like we are. They're launching in the midst of this.
I can tell you they've been very committed to their virtual engagements. And frankly we've been very impressed with our executional plans to get the word out. And they have serendipity on their hands in the sense that their timing of the launch does coincide with the availability of the second line data analysis. And so they're able to provide assuming, it's permissible in their marketplace to provide all the information that's part of the comprehensive story of TAVALISSE or TAVLESSE in that market that we have here in the U.S. today. So I want to make sure, I covered all the aspects of your question. Was there anything else that you would specifically ask, before I hand it over to Dean?
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
No. You really addressed it. I guess, the other thing is I guess you have a country-by-country reimbursement aspect too that's going to be part of the blocking and tackling sort of retort.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Of course. Absolutely yeah.
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You may realize that in Europe, the launch happens in different countries and different sequences. It doesn't all happen at once like it does here in the U.S. So you'll see France, Italy, Spain other countries come-in in some order depending on how quickly those negotiations take place. Goa head, Dean.
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And with respect to the reporting Joe, the launch has happened, and therefore, we haven't determined exactly how we'll provide color and detail on breaking that out and specifically reporting it. I would remind everyone that in the $20 million milestone payment, we got in Q1 $2.5 million of that milestone was an advanced royalty payment. So, we've already been paid and even recognized that $2.5 million of the first tranche of royalty payments, we'll receive from Grifols, but stay tuned. As Grifols starts to now sell, we'll provide incremental clarity and detail around that revenue source in those revenues.
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you, guys.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
The next question is from Do Kim of BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
DK -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hey, good afternoon, guys. This is DK [Phonetic] on for Do. First and foremost, congratulations on the quarter for increase in sequential quarter-over-quarter sales there for TAVALISSE. My question is about TAVALISSE but more so for -- in terms of wAIHA. I know you mentioned that, it's a little bit too early to definitively say, what the time lines are given the COVID situation. But is it possible to kind of give us a better sense like maybe a base-case/worst-case scenario here? Are we simply tacking on additional months that were lost, while the enrollment was suspended? Or do we have to account for potential ramp-up for each site just to kind of get operations going again, before they're actually up and fully enrolling patients? A little more color on that would be helpful for us.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I'll ask Wolfgang to make a few comments on that.
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Yeah. Thanks for the question. First of all, let me reassure that we have a great team in place both at Rigel as well as our CRO. As you have heard, we have 90 sites open now to contribute to the additional 45 patients that we need. That said to your point, we are still in a pandemic. And our clinical trial sites just like any other clinical practice do need to work around social distancing, avoiding COVID-19 infections and focus in severe cases and things like that. But since technically, we only need one new patient from half of the sites, we are still very optimistic that a bromine can pick up suddenly and rather rapidly. But I want to stay away from giving you a precise date other than reassuring you and giving you those encouraging facts.
DK -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. That's fair? Thanks for that clarification. And this is not going to have any type of implications on the data integrity, correct?
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Yeah. No, I'm very happy to tell you that we -- immediately with the shutdown, we had a laser short focus on the potential of missing data or bad quality data, and we were able to have the amount of missing data for the patients that we already have to a really small minimum. So, this went actually better than I was originally afraid of.
DK -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Good deal. And my last question has to do with the pipeline. Is there a potential where you take the IRAK1/4 inhibitor and develop a little bit further to get better economics on the deal, Copro co-development deal as opposed to licensing it out at the end of the year? And in addition to that, what type of indications have you discussed with your partner? Or just what you've been thinking about in terms of pursuing for this type of deal?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I'll take -- I'll answer that. Sure absolutely. I'll answer that. It's absolutely, in fact, almost likely we'll partner one and not the other. We're pursuing both. We might partner both. That's why we say. But we're confident we'll be to put a partnership in place and that partnership will achieve some very important goals.
One is to bring substantial amount of resources economic clinical resources that a large pharma partner has to bring to bear on these both opportunities, because they both have tremendous opportunities in a wide range of areas, big areas like rheumatoid arthritis, for example, psoriasis. Small areas as well in some cases like ALS.
And so, we're interested in bringing to bear that level of commitment in a partner, because the opportunities are really quite sizable. And -- but, we want to also be able to share in that and contribute and for development. And we think that with our commercial effort, we can contribute to the commercialization of these products in certain aspect and in certain circumstances, and we're going to model that with those partners.
And so, we think it's an attractive proposal for them, obviously a very attractive proposal for us. Beyond those features obviously, the economics are very useful and we think that we can get a very attractive economic deal done as well, and so we look forward to putting that in place.
It could well be that we decide that we partner one of these two. And the other as you suggest, we may take it forward ourselves to the next stage and partner it then, and then continue to add value. That is very much a possibility, and we do that. But, on the basis of having done a very attractive deal if we decide to go that route. But the opportunities are so large. Frankly, having more muscle, more resources is very helpful.
DK -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you for additional color. And congrats again on the quarter.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you so much.
Operator
The next question is from Tessa Romero of JPMorgan. Please proceed with your question.
Tessa Romero -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Hey, guys. Good afternoon. And thank you for taking my question and congratulations from me as well on the progress this quarter. Just one on COVID-19 impact for the quarter for TAVALISSE. We're trying to get a better understanding of the dynamics that you saw with respect to refill rate versus sequential patient adds. So anything you would note there for the quarter and maybe also into July as we think about our third quarter estimates? Thanks so much guys.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I'll ask Tarek to comment on refill and new patient starts with TAVALISSE and COVID commercial.
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure. Thanks Raul. So I appreciate the question Tessa. And as you can imagine this was an area for us that we were highly concerned about like any organization going into the shelter-in-place. But I think as we just commented earlier about even just frankly the discussions in regards to injectable versus orals and having advantages there.
Our clinicians very much quickly adapted to telemedicine in supporting their patients remotely. I think the fact that our patients have tolerated the drug, the offices that are currently utilizing, the products are familiar with the product without getting into the specifics of the numbers, I would say that we were actually very pleasantly surprised from an operational aspect, how not only were they able to maintain and frankly be able to manage their patients currently on TAVALISSE remotely, but more importantly and I think we talked about this in the previous quarter's earning call these patients were also looking for other options particularly if they were on an injectable or needing an alternative therapy.
And physicians were comfortable in this remote environment especially given our value proposition to identify new patients and switch them to an alternative oral therapy. And so I think frankly speaking our value prop has actually served us quite well during this pandemic not to say that we're capitalizing on this, but to say that physicians are seeing value, physicians are seeing opportunity and are receptive to our messaging.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
The only thing to add there Tessa, this is Raul is both ITP and this applies to AIHA as well, very serious conditions. And while patients are -- have some hesitation to go see a doctor all the time as things become more normalized that as this continues on per month, they do need additional therapies when their platelet counts are very low or frankly their hemoglobin levels are very low in the case of AIHA. And they do go out and seek new treatments and it's good that TAVALISSE with the second line data can be part of that discussion. And I think for some patient's maybe that will be the right agent.
Tessa Romero -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you for taking our question.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you Tessa.
Operator
The next question is from Kristen Kluska of Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed with your question.
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my question and congrats on a very productive quarter. So you discussed the importance of tracking the duration of response for TAVALISSE from the British Journal Hematology publication, and I wanted to touch on the other side of that on the onset or time to initial effect. So I know you've commented before that real-life experience has been different than what was observed in trials. So are you starting to see any trends or hypothesize why some patients respond quickly, whereas, others take longer? And then on that note, how does your sales team market this to make sure physicians are giving TAVALISSE a real shot before discontinuing if not seeing any effect?
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure. So Raul I can...
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Tarek, thank you. Go ahead Tarek.
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Sure. Thanks. Sorry Raul. I didn't mean to step all over you there. But what I would say is -- feel free to add color on the clinical aspects I can talk about the sales force as well as our physician response. And so you're absolutely spot on Kristen, which is in our initial clinical trials in our FIT-1, FIT-2 programs we presented it. We published it even prior to the second line. We talked about the median time to first response was 15.5 days. But we've also previously talked about -- there is variability. That was a clinical trial versus real world. There's all sorts of things that happen in the real-world setting that clinicians and patients have to face.
I think what benefited us to be honest from a messaging as well as a learning and education platform is that early on in the launch, we started hearing from clinicians about some of these varied responses. And if you look at the product label, it actually endorses and supports giving patients at least three months to adjudicate or reconcile if this patient is having an adequate response. And given the heterogeneity of this disease, the heterogeneity of response to our agent as well as other agents out there in the marketplace.
And really I think the guidelines speak to this which is about the customization of treatment approach our sales force was able to utilize that language in the product insert from our clinical trial experience to both share the potential upside and benefit that there are some patients that are going to have a rapid response. But that consistent with our label, consistent with our findings, you really need to give the patients the best shop possible at having a good outcome on the product, and really meeting those goals of therapy that the physicians identified and that the patients identified because it varies among physicians and patients.
One physician might be satisfied with the platelet level of going from 10,000 to 25,000 whereas another physician may want it to get to 35,000. And I think that variability really speaks to the customization of treating the patient in front of you. And so given that full three months of response as ascribed to by our PI, I think really helps us drive that notion, drive that messaging and education that you need to give the product a chance to meet your objectives. So does that answer your question, Kristen?
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Yes. Very helpful. Thank you. And if I may ask a follow-up related to the COVID-19 study. So the first part of the question is just based on the standard of care. Obviously, this is a new indication that everyone is trying to understand and I know you list dexamethasone as a potential for one. But given that your lead investigator as I know has presented some of your results in ITP and is very knowledgeable about the drug, do you think that there are any therapies in general that are being studied for COVID that have the best shot to be used as a combination with fostamatinib?
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Why don't I ask Wolfgang to make comments on that on standard of care?
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Yes. So in general we have to allow the combination with standard of care, if there is compelling data to suggest that the drug works. Otherwise physicians would just not participate in your trial. That said for example, if you look at the dexamethasone data more closely, the data is not that earthshaking. So there is some benefit in particular for the more severe patients. And quite sure given the cheap price and this existing data many physicians will want to use dexamethasone in the background. But I think there's still a lot of room to grow to accomplish much better effect sizes than what we have seen so far.
The other drug that emergency approved of as you know is remdesivir. You have a similar comment on this. I think the mechanism of action in the patients who are already hospitalized is not as strong as a rationale because I've shown you that you get this really severe cases mostly when your viral load is already on the downturn and then it's the immune system that causes the severe cases. So reduction of viral load may not be all that beneficial in that setting. That said again if you say on top of standard of care if an institution says this is our standard of care we will allow it, but we will -- but we still do see a lot of upside for fostamatinib. Hope that helps.
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Yes. Thank you. And then just quickly on that front. I know that this study is of course much shorter than the trials you're primarily used to running. But could you talk about the rationale for just utilizing the 150-milligram dose here?
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Yes. As you know in ITP, we advised to start on 100-milligrams. And then after four weeks at the discretion of the PI you can increase the dose to 150. So that is what we have in the label. Now we have used up to 200 in CLL trials in chronic lymphocytic lymphoma. So given that you will treat those patients in a very severe condition for two weeks maybe up to four weeks. You don't want to hear at the dose that is too low and starts with a higher dose. Also, these patients are hospitalized under supervision and all these things which alleviates any type of concerns. And we don't want to go to the 200 because again the 150 is the currently labeled dose and is the higher dose of the two they're generally using and therefore we're going with the 150.
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you so much. Appreciate for hearing my question.
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Thank you, Kristen.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back over to Mr. Raul Rodriguez for closing comments.
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you everyone. I'd like to thank you for your -- for listening. I'd like to thank you for your support and your help. We have some incredible opportunities ahead of us. Some of the areas that we're looking at right now I think will add tremendous value and in the short-term and so thank you for your support in allowing us to do that. We'll keep you informed of further updates in the coming months. Take care and stay safe.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 76 minutes
Call participants:
Dolly Vance -- Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs and General Counsel
Raul R. Rodriguez -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Tarek Sallam -- Vice President, Marketing
Wolfgang Dummer, M.D., Ph.D. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer
Dean Schorno, C.P.A. -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Nalin -- Jefferies -- Analyst
Yigal Nochomovitz -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Nicole Gabreski -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Joe Pantginis -- H.C. Wainwright -- Analyst
DK -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst
Tessa Romero -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
