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Trimble Inc (TRMB -0.50%)
Q2Â 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 5, 2020, 5:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to Trimble's Second Quarter Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] And please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to hand the call over to your speaker for today, Mr. Rob Painter, Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead, sir.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good afternoon, everyone. Before I get started, a quick reminder that our presentation is available on our website, and we ask that you please refer to the safe harbor at the back. Despite difficult circumstances in the second quarter, our team rose to the occasion. I'm deeply grateful for the ingenuity and commitment to outcomes demonstrated by my colleagues and our worldwide network of partners over these last few months. What I said on our call in May remains true today. That is, we will get through this crisis. We are well positioned to endure the macroeconomic shock and we will emerge stronger on the other side of this. Our belief in our long-term strategy remains undiminished.
Slide two lists the five key messages we want to convey today. First, our resilience, the quality of our strategy and the strength of our financial model enabled us to outperform our own expectations in the second quarter. ARR at $1.21 billion; adjusted EBITDA margins at 25.7%; and deferred revenue at $531 million, were clear highlights. Our shift to a more hardware-connected, software-centric and recurring revenue business model is paying off. Second, the decisive financial and strategic actions we took in March have put us in a position to restore employee pay as of August and senior executive pay shortly thereafter. I thank all of my colleagues for their professionalism and demonstrated commitment. These last few months have strengthened our culture. Third, we take our responsibility to address racial injustice and climate change seriously. Speaking personally, I have a heightened sense of awareness that has strengthened my resolve to leverage our platform to lead Trimble to a different place. We have been public in our stance against racial injustice. We established a diversity, equity and inclusion working group, representing both senior leadership in Trimble as well as advocates appointed from within the organization.
We have also donated money through our Trimble Foundation to causes that align with our values, and we remain humbled to know that we have a lot more to do. With respect to climate change, we are pleased to have named Leah Lambertson, our Head of Operations, to a larger role where she now has additional responsibility as Head of Sustainability for Trimble. Fourth, we reiterate our focus to execute on our Connect & Scale 2025 strategy. We will balance cost containment and investment in innovation during the downturn. We are connecting the industry life cycles we serve, such as construction, agriculture, utilities and the transportation supply chain. By reporting segment, in the context of unprecedented conditions, we were satisfied with our progress in the quarter in three of our four segments. While we remain convinced of both the long-term market opportunity of our supply chain strategy as well as the viability of our strategy, we are currently performing below our potential in our Transportation segment. Earlier in the year, I set expectations of demonstrable financial recovery in the beginning of 2021. Given the environment and circumstances, we now believe the recovery will take longer than anticipated. In addition to the difficult macro and pandemic effects, which have suppressed the demand, there are three discrete topics that impact our near-term results in transportation. First, our acquisition of Kuebix, as we announced in February, remain strategically important, but it is currently dilutive. Kuebix takes us to the shipper market, which is key to our connected supply chain strategy. Second, we continue to execute a subscription business model transition in our enterprise business and in our mobility business, we launched a hardware as a service offering. We have high conviction on these model transitions. Third, we continue to work through our ELD product delivery commitments in our mobility business and are offering incentive programs to customers to upgrade older technology.
Overall, we will take near-term actions to enhance our competitive position and will measure the success of our actions by delivering profitable ARR growth, enterprise bookings and by growing the size and transaction volume in the shipper community. We are pleased that in our other three segments, building and infrastructure delivered solid ARR growth, offset by expected disruptions in our hardware sales and new perpetual software bookings. While we see projects coming back online, we also see uncertainty into 2021 for new projects, and we are closely monitoring the impact of stimulus measures. Geospatial did an exceptional job managing expenses and finding available revenue opportunities in the quarter. And Resources and Utilities was led by growth in our utilities business and positioning services business and by relatively positive performance in the aftermarket agriculture business. Our fifth and last point, while short-term market uncertainty remains high, our long-term market conviction remains strong. We see green shoots in many of our markets, and we believe the second quarter will mark the bottom of our revenue decline. Nevertheless, uncertainty prevails, and we do not believe it would be prudent to provide guidance for the balance of the year.
I will turn the call over to David to take us through the numbers.
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Rob. Let's start on slide three with a review of second quarter results. Second quarter revenue was $735 million, down 14% on a year-over-year basis. Currency translation subtracted 1% and acquisitions and divestitures added 2%, for a total organic revenue decrease of 15%. Gross margin in the second quarter was 58.9%, up 200 basis points year-over-year, driven primarily by improved revenue mix. The introduction of higher-margin new products and lower discounting also had a positive impact. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 25.7%, up 250 basis points year-over-year, driven both by improvements in gross margin and strong cost control. Operating income margins also expanded 260 basis points to 23.1%.
Net income dollars decreased by 2% on a year-over-year basis, while earnings per share fell by $0.01 to $0.52 per share. Moving to slide four. Our second quarter cash flow from operations was $147 million, demonstrating the strong cash flow generation of our business. Operating cash flow exceeded net income in the quarter. Free cash flow was $135 million. We paid down over $140 million of debt in the quarter, and the net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio fell to 2.2 times. At the end of the quarter, we had $1.2 billion available on our revolving credit facility and approximately $200 million in cash. In addition, we have no scheduled principal payments on our debt until July 2022. Our access to liquidity, therefore, remains strong. Given our strong and improving capital structure, we are open to acquisition opportunities that will accelerate the implementation of our strategy. We anticipate continued prioritization of debt reduction and the allocation of free cash flow, but will consider a modest return to share repurchases. Now turning to slide five that highlights some of the key metrics we are following. First, I want to note that we have redefined our ARR metric. ARR now includes the annualized revenue of term licenses. Under GAAP, the revenue from term licenses is recognized upfront rather than ratably. And for that reason, term licenses are excluded from the recurring revenue line that we report each quarter. But term licenses are renewable and recurring in nature and therefore, share the fundamental economic characteristics of subscriptions. So we believe that including term licenses in our ARR definition provides a more complete picture of our recurring business.
Note that with this change, we have restated the ARR measure in prior periods, and that information is available in the financial summary document on our Investor Relations website. ARR was $1.21 billion in the second quarter and grew 6% versus prior year. Organic growth of ARR was 3%. Net working capital, inclusive of deferred revenue, represents approximately 1% of revenue on a trailing 12-month basis, demonstrating the working capital efficiency of our business. Through this period of proactive cost management, we've continued to invest in key growth initiatives. One indicator of our investment posture can be seen in our R&D spending. Our trailing 12 months R&D is nearly 15% of revenue, and we believe our focus on innovation will enable us to emerge from this recession stronger than we entered it.
Finally, I'll note progress against two metrics that point to the health of our business going forward. Deferred revenue is up 17% versus the end of the second quarter a year ago; and our backlog ended the second quarter at $1.2 billion, also up from the level of a year ago. As a reminder, backlog represents contractual commitments that will be recognized as revenue in the future. Most of the backlog represents the unrecognized value of subscription and maintenance agreements, but it also includes over $200 million from nonrecurring revenue businesses. We expect a substantial majority of that backlog to convert to revenue in the next 12 months. Both of these metrics give us enhanced visibility into our revenue trends in the coming quarters. Moving to slide six. I'll elaborate a bit on Rob's earlier comments about the increasing diversity and resilience of our revenue base. Recurring revenues made up 39% of total Trimble revenue in the quarter and grew by over 4%, even in an extraordinarily difficult economic environment. Of our major sources of recurring revenue, only transportation saw a decline in the quarter, for reasons Rob mentioned earlier. Our other major sources of recurring revenue, including Viewpoint, e-Builder, Building construction software and positioning services collectively saw recurring revenue growth of greater than 10% in the second quarter. These offerings are essential to the continued operation of our customers' businesses, even in the toughest of times.
By contrast, our nonrecurring revenues, including Hardware, Perpetual Software and Professional Services experienced meaningful year-on-year declines in the second quarter. These businesses were adversely impacted by project suspensions, OEM factory shutdowns and restricted access to our clients' facilities. While many of these restrictions eased late in the second quarter, our overall nonrecurring business remains meaningfully below year ago levels as we enter the third quarter. Looking at geography, the results in the quarter were largely correlated with impacts from COVID in terms of shutdowns and the pace of reopening. The COVID-related dynamics in North America and Europe were similar, with business conditions very poor in April and improving through the quarter. North America was down 17% and Europe was down 13%, with a significant difference being North America's higher weighting in the Transportation segment. Asia Pacific was the best performer in the quarter, up 1%. Rest of world was down 19%, driven principally by difficult business conditions in Brazil and the weakening of the Brazilian currency. Turning now to slide seven, we take a deeper look at each of the reporting segments. Buildings and Infrastructure revenue was down 12% on an organic basis. Recurring revenue growth was particularly strong in Viewpoint, e-Builder and SketchUp. Hardware, Perpetual Software License and Professional Services revenues were down greater than 20% in the quarter. Segment margins expanded 400 basis points due to higher-margin revenue mix and cost reductions. Geospatial revenue was down 11% on an organic basis, with nonrecurring revenue down in the mid-teens and recurring revenue experiencing growth.
Margins were up 680 basis points. Resources and Utilities revenue was down 13% on an organic basis. Growth from the Utilities business, including Cityworks, helped offset some of the decline in agricultural revenue. Margin expansion of 440 basis points was driven by improved revenue mix and cost reductions. Transportation revenue was down 24% on an organic basis and margins declined 710 basis points. The adverse trends in the Transportation segment were driven by the factors Rob mentioned earlier. Turning to slide eight and the outlook for the third quarter, we continue to face significant uncertainty in the demand trends in our core markets, driven by the risk of COVID-related restrictions and the broader impact of the pandemic on the economy. Therefore, we lack the visibility in the business that is needed to put forth a guidance range. However, I can provide some color on trends that we are seeing in our business and the markets we serve. Overall, we expect that revenue in the third quarter will be down on a year-over-year basis, albeit at a rate of decline more moderate than we experienced in the second quarter. We anticipate that revenues in the Resources and Utilities segment will grow in the third quarter versus prior year due to the relative resilience of these end markets, the fact that we are comparing against a tough 2019 and the addition of Cityworks. We project that revenue in both the Buildings and Infrastructure and Geospatial segments will be below prior year.
The Transportation segment will experience the greatest revenue declines in the third quarter, driven by the same factors which adversely impacted second quarter performance. Looking at our trends by revenue type, we anticipate continued growth in recurring revenues due to the resilience of these offerings and the ongoing conversions to subscriptions across our software businesses. By contrast, our nonrecurring revenues are likely to decline in the third quarter, albeit at a slower rate than we experienced in the second quarter. We expect gross margins to continue their expansion on a year-over-year basis due to increased software mix, although we don't expect the gross margins will remain as strong as we experienced in the second quarter.
Turning to operating expense. Note that spending in the second quarter was extraordinarily low across our business. We anticipate that operating expense will be higher in the third quarter than in the second quarter. We estimate that revenue and margin dynamics will result in year-over-year decremental margins in the mid-30s. I'll add here that we remain committed to maintaining healthy operating margins going into 2021. Our view is that 2021 will be characterized by only slow and gradual economic recovery. We continue to evaluate our business portfolio and look to exit those businesses, which are peripheral to our strategy or don't meet our financial objectives. In terms of cash, we expect cash flow to be down on a year-over-year basis in the second half due to the drop in revenue and EBITDA. Nevertheless, we continue to expect operating cash flow will exceed non-GAAP net income for the full year, and we expect slightly lower capital expenditures for the year.
Now I'll turn it back to Rob.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Let me close by talking about key elements of Connect & Scale 2025 and our progress in the quarter, which I will describe in four elements: first, connecting solutions across our industry life cycles, two examples here. In Transportation, we announced further integration with Kuebix between shippers and the Trimble carrier network. In Construction, we press released a win with SNCF in France to manage railway construction assets and building construction data. Second, delivering breakout innovation that connects the physical and digital world. We launched a couple of analytics offerings in our construction business, leveraging our content and project job site data to enable customers to optimize project delivery. Near and dear to me, the government of Nepal completed fieldwork for measuring Mount Everest's height using Trimble GNSS equipment.
Third, accelerating our business model transformation. In Transportation, we began offering hardware as part of subscription bundles. In our Utilities business, we announced an IoT Solutions-as-a-Service offering for remote monitoring of water and wastewater infrastructure. And here in the third quarter, we will introduce our machine control Platform-as-a-Service initiative, which we announced earlier in the year at CONEXPO.Fourth, we are taking actions that enable us to efficiently and effectively scale our business. We divested a small seismic business in the quarter, we have shrunk our real estate office footprint by 30 offices year-to-date and we have increased our spend and focus on our digital fulfillment systems initiative.
With that, I would like to thank everyone for taking the time to be with us today and a special thank you to our global Trimble colleagues. Operator, let's please go to Q&A.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Ann Duignan from JPMorgan. Your line is open.
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
Yeah, hi, good afternoon everybody. Yes. Just a couple of clarifications. You ran through the Q3 guidance so quickly, I find myself scrambling. Could you restate what you said about your expectations for ARR into Q3 versus nonrecurring revenue? And then putting all the pieces together, given lower gross margin, lower higher operating expense, would you expect adjusted earnings to be down quarter-over-quarter in Q3?
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Ann, this is David Barnes. So yes, we expect ARR to continue to grow in the back half of the year and in the third quarter, because those businesses are resilient and the conversions continue. Nonrecurring revenues will be down, so that results in the total being down lower than but not down as much as in Q2. Gross margins probably won't come in, in Q3 as good as Q2. Operating expense will go up a little bit. So Ann, we're not certainly signaling increasing dollars operating profit.
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
And why would you expect gross margins to be down in Q3 if ARR is going to continue to grow?
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Well, gross margins will be up year-on-year for a lot of reasons, none big, but many cumulative. As you've seen, Q2 was a very high gross margin period. So we do think gross margins will be above prior year, but probably not higher than Q2.
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
Okay. And then just as a follow-up on the Transportation side, could you just dig into that segment a little bit more and tell us what do you think is are cyclical issues versus are there any structural issues that we need to be concerned about? I mean, ELD has been a weight on Transportation profile now. How should we think about that maybe beyond this year and into 2021?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Ann, this is Rob. So when I think about the macro of the end markets we serve, I would say, transportation, particularly, specifically North America, transportation is certainly the most challenged at the moment. There is, I think, as you know, a supply/demand imbalance, which is creating pricing pressure on the carriers. And that actually started in 2019 and was playing through to the beginning of the year. I think the market probably expected balance to come back there on the pricing side and then the pandemic set that back. So I look at the macro backdrop in transportation, and I put at least half of the delta to the to that macro backdrop. And that also includes trucking companies idling some assets. And so if you're idling some assets that could have adverse impact on our units serving those trucking companies, at least in the near term. So let's say, a view forward for some quarters or the couple of quarters or maybe the next year. So that exists that backdrop. And then just to reiterate a couple of points from the prepared remarks. In our Enterprise business, so the back office software or transportation management system, we are intentionally engaging in a model transition, so moving from perpetual to a subscription offering. And that is emphatically the right thing to do for the business, for the market, for the customers and as we all know, has short-term negative impacts to the P&L. So we're offering we are offering both models, and we're seeing almost 2/3 actually, it's above 2/3 of our new bookings are coming from subscription offering. So the more we're driving that subscription offering, the subscription bookings, that does create a near-term a near-term drag. And then the last bit I talked about was the Kuebix acquisition, which takes us to the shipper side of the transportation market, which was when we announced it in February, we did announce it as a dilutive deal. So that hangs heavier in a market that is down. So those are the majority factors. And then yes, we also talked about ELD itself and continuing to work our customers through the migration. And now Canada ELD comes after the U.S.
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
And the ELD issue should be resolved by end of this year? And then I'll leave it there.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think it would be fair to say that from the end of this year, and I mean it will probably bleed into the beginning of next year as well, working through those working through our product commitments.
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
Okay, thank you. And the interest of time, I'll leave it there. Thanks.
Operator
And your next question comes from the line of Jerry Revich from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
Jerry David Revich -- Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. -- Analyst
I'm wondering if you could just update us on the performance of e-Builder and Viewpoint since you folks ownership. Can you just talk about the growth in logos that you folks have delivered? What kind of win rate for new logos has the team delivered? Can you just frame the performance for us over the past year plus and especially over the past quarter?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And for those who may not know, Viewpoint and e-Builder are two acquisitions from a couple of years ago that are in our Buildings and Infrastructure space. They continue to perform very well. So very pleased with the respective management teams and what they're delivering since they've been a part of Trimble. To give you a bit of quantitative to overlay that qualitative in the second quarter, ARR grew in the mid-teens for both of those businesses. So I would say that's emphatic demonstration of the strategy working and the business model working. When we look at new logos that those businesses have driven in the last couple of years. If we look at e-Builder, about 2/3 of the ARR growth has been through new logos. So it's also a good sign of driving new growth since being part of Trimble. And then on the Viewpoint side, it's been about 1/3 new logo and 2/3 from existing customers, and that makes sense because we are transitioning the model there to a subscription model, whereas e-Builder was already a subscription model. And then to connect the dots to that, if you look at new logo wins, it's around our RFP type one ratios, they're around 50%. And the majority of times when we don't get a deal, it's from a no decision. So hopefully, that gives you some color, Jerry.
Jerry David Revich -- Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. -- Analyst
I appreciate it, Rob. And then what stood out was the growth in deferred revenue this quarter, was that because bookings were stronger than ARR? Can you talk about that? Or was there any acquisition impact in the quarter?
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. There is some acquisition impact in there, Jerry, but the bigger portion of that is the ARR growth and the health of the recurring businesses, both subscriptions and maintenance and support.
Jerry David Revich -- Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. -- Analyst
And then it was nice to hear about 2/3 of the Transportation back office customers signing up for the subscription offerings. Can you talk about growth in the addressable market that you're seeing? Obviously, not a lot of orders in April, but I'm wondering any conclusions that we could draw from what's going on in June, July in terms of how much the subscription offering is helping you folks expand the tail, so to speak?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, it's a good question. What we can see and what we've learned from other businesses where we've made the transition is it certainly does expand the addressable market. I'll use our SketchUp business and construction as an example, and we had another quarter of over 50% year-on-year unit growth. And that, to me, is a tremendous sign of and a clear sign of expanding the addressable market. If we look at Transportation, the fundamentals there would be taking us predominantly from the larger carriers into the medium-size carriers who are not going to want to have a, call it, a custom implementation. So they're going to want more of a standard configuration out of the box offering. So there's a logic to it. And so we do see ourselves reaching a set of customers that we weren't reaching before. But I'd also say that the largest subscription bookings we've had in the last, I think it was three quarters, was from a very large carrier. So it does seem to be attractive to both segments.
Operator
And your next question comes from the line of Jason Celino from KeyBanc Capital. Your line is open.
Jason Vincent Celino -- Analyst
To build off the subscription offerings, it sounds like you also announced another as a service offering for your Utility segment. But for those two new announcements you made, what's been kind of the feedback from customers? And then for those particular products, how should we think of pace of kind of the that transition?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I'd say it's pretty early days to give a quantitative view of how they are performing in the market. I can say qualitatively, they were customer-driven initiatives that we made to make the move to the subscription, the subscription offering. And I use them as an example to show really, across the board at Trimble that we're looking to the business model conversion. I mean, one, in a down market, we all know moving from capex to opex has a financial advantage. We talked on the last question about the expansion of the addressable market that we believe that we can see through this. And then there's the pursuit of our the connect part of the Connect & Scale strategy. So being able to connect the data, being able to connect stakeholders across the industry continuums, we really believe in the pursuit of the strategy that to connect the data, which is really where we think there's huge optionality going forward as you connect the data a business model transition and is an enabler to be able to get data back to the cloud. And so there's both strategic and financial reasons that have us very motivated and committed to this. And so yes, I was wanting to show examples from parts of the company, you don't often hear us talking about or elements such as hardware of changing the business model that we haven't talked about before as signals of just how serious we are about this. So time will tell on customer pickup. And so we can certainly come back to that in future calls.
Jason Vincent Celino -- Analyst
Okay. Great. And one quick follow-up, if I can. A lot of other software companies have been talking about their customers accelerating different digital investments. Was the strength in Viewpoint and e-Builder this quarter due to that? Or why couldn't the construction end market see this also?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I have to say, you're very faint. It's hard to hear you, so I missed the question.
Jason Vincent Celino -- Analyst
Okay. Let me try to speak a little louder. A lot of other software companies are talking about customers accelerating different digital investments. Was the strength in the quarter from Viewpoint and e-Builder due to that? And then why couldn't the construction end market see that also?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Got you. Well, for sure, at a secular level, we believe there's an acceleration of digital. And it's and you look at what we do as Trimble, the connection of the physics solutions that connect the physical and the digital worlds, and really the in essence, we're digitizing markets such as construction, agriculture, transportation. So we believe at a secular level that we're in the right place. We've seen some of the I'll use Viewpoint as an example, some of the acceleration in that ARR. And then the bookings we had this quarter were customers who had on-prem on-prem software, weren't able to get connectivity they wanted. And so we actually did some lift and shifts during the quarter to help our customers. And that has a side benefit of course, once they've seen how the software operates in the cloud, we've seen them, by and large, want to stick to that delivery method. Now in the short term, we have the disruptions of being able to actually access customers. And so I would separate the very near-term from the mid- to long-term in terms of the digitization secular. So long term, I think it's there. In the short term, new logos have certainly been harder to reach from the new bookings that we've had. And again, that has a certain logic to it. And we saw new bookings trends in the quarter and the second quarter move from quite negative at the beginning of the quarter and progressively move better through until the end of the quarter and here into July. So hopefully, it gives you a little bit of color how we see it on both sides.
Operator
And your next question comes from the line of Rob Wertheimer from Melius Research. Your line is open.
Robert Cameron Wertheimer -- Melius Research LLC -- Analyst
Rob, just following on your last answer there. I think you're through the quarter progress on new logos or new customers was construction related. Transportation obviously had a tough quarter. Could you talk about the nonhardware side through the quarter there? And whether there's any of that similar digital push really taking hold?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And you mean specifically in transportation, Rob?
Robert Cameron Wertheimer -- Melius Research LLC -- Analyst
Correct.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
In our in the Enterprise Business, we saw bookings progress better throughout the quarter. Well look, that's software software oriented, of course, in the enterprise business. I would say, a bright spot there. I think if we look at the kind of elevate back a second, when we look at some of the macros, which I know you know well, whether it's truckload line haul indices or shipment indexes or Class eight unit sales, those were all pretty negative in the quarter, maybe even historically negative. Now by the end of the quarter in June, it looks like those indices may have bottomed. We saw spot rates increase. If you look compare April to July, Class eight orders were up in June. And so if we see that freight demand coming back, then let's we feel like the market's got at least an incrementally better backdrop than it did in the first couple of months of Q2. Sure. Well, from a financial perspective, a financial strength perspective, you look at the net debt to EBITDA, and we're in a strong and healthy position. You know the working capital was less than 1% of revenue in the quarter, producing strong cash flow, over $500 million of deferred revenue on the books. So we have the financial wherewithal to pursue an acquisition. If I move to the that's a financial answer. From a strategic perspective, it really is a function of not pursuing acquisitions for the sake of acquisitions, but really in the pursuit of executing the strategies. And so what I would signal is that we have an openness to it, but it's also not meant to be a signal that you're about to hear something meaningful or big, given what we the commentary we had in the last call about pulling back on acquisitions and buyback. We just wanted to be transparent that given where we see ourselves now and we saw Q2 as the trough of the revenue decline, that we would be open. And so we are open in the context of, particularly, I'd say, in the construction space, number one, in the overall segment. Secondarily would be, I'd probably say in the agriculture space, but there's not actually really too many deals, I would say, to be done in that space.
Operator
And your next question comes from Colin Rusch from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.
Colin William Rusch -- Oppenheimer & Co -- Analyst
Can you give some more granular sense of what you're seeing in construction? I really love to get a sense of public projects versus private projects as well as buildings versus infrastructure. We've seen some softening in June and July. Just would love to get some color on that from you guys as you move into 3Q.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, Colin. So if we look at I would break it down by type of projects on one dimension and the other current and future. And the punchline is we see current work coming back online, and much of it never went offline and what went offline has, by and large, come back online. And then from a future perspective, we see customers with some concern about the 2021 pipeline. And we're all watching to see what happens with infrastructure, what happens with the FAST Act, will that get renewed in September, or will it be continuing resolution, that pushes that out, what will be will there be a backstop on state DoT funding or there's a number of factors that are impacting the view on the future that hopefully get resolved here shortly. If I then look at the type of construction, let's take residential, nonresidential and civil, I would say, nonresidential, the data would show that's been hit the hardest. And if we look at civil, that's been impacted by about half of what the non-res numbers have been impacted by. And so when we look at the segments that we serve across the value chain and construction, if we looked at a market such as architecture and design, we would look at the ABI data and ABI data would tell us that the number of the June stabilized after the April, May decline. So that does look more positive. Now multi-residentials look more positive than commercial and industrial, which, again, that also makes sense. And I would note that in our SketchUp business, we grew units over 50% year-over-year. So it didn't play into whatever the number was, that didn't play into our business. And if we look at general contractors in that segment, we can see from our own systems because we can see how our customers are at a macro or meta level, we can see how the systems are being used, and we can see the current activity is solid, and we can see that project backlogs are currently down. And then if we look at owners and occupiers of that we serve or occupiers of buildings, where we serve occupiers of buildings, they're looking to be more efficient with their space management, and that fits nicely with one of the technologies that we have to help you manage space more efficiently. So that historically is a business that's grown the most during down markets. In our e-Builder business, we've seen verticals such as data centers or government have been good. And of course, markets like retail are not good. So it differs within the segments. And then civil, again, we're watching to see what happens with the project starts and with the project bids. And that's an answer in the U.S. But if you go around the world, you see places or places like in the U.K., HS2 has come back or was greenlighted and is back to work, and we've seen some good performance in a few other markets outside of the U.S. as well.
Colin William Rusch -- Oppenheimer & Co -- Analyst
That's incredibly helpful. Just a follow-up just briefly on customer engagement through the pandemic response, are you seeing more of your nonsoftware customers showing interest in discussing some of the enterprise solutions? And I'm just trying to get a sense of that migration and how much of that is even more of a push effort and how much is a pull effort from the customers?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, one indicator, especially when we have our SaaS businesses, we can measure the intensity of the usage of the software and at the beginning of the quarter in Q2, not surprisingly, we saw large dips from late March into April. And then we saw and we've seen since then, quite intensive usage. And that's important for us. It also plays through by the way, through the net retention we've seen in ratio and a number of the software businesses. And hey, I think maybe the work at home is positively impacting the usage of the system because we have remote access to be able to continue to do the work. In terms of engaging new customers, I mean, like most companies or all companies, we're certainly shifting the nature of digital engagement and how we reach customers and we're all learning new ways of sales and marketing. And I'd say, so far, we've seen some really nice pockets of success. I'll give you one example. In Brazil, we did a virtual trade show a few months ago that had 3,000 attendees. And we would never get 3,000 attendees in an in-person demonstration, and we did it for a couple of thousand dollars. I mean, that's an incredible ROI from a digitally engaged. I will say on some of the hardware solutions, there are aspects of seeing is believing and the ability to be out there in the field is important. Now there, we luckily have a worldwide network of dealer partners and our hardware predominant businesses. And they have been up and running. And really, while it's still difficult, let's say, to operate in the restricted environments, that's fundamentally different than if we were having if that was all direct sales, and we had to be on airplanes to do it because we wouldn't be able to be out there. So having that channel in the hardware business is proving at the moment to be, yet again, very positive for us.
Operator
And your next question comes from Richard Eastman from Baird. Your line is open.
Richard Charles Eastman -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Rob, could we just talk for a second about the Op profit in B&I and Geospatial. What I'm kind of looking at is, in B&I, the Op profit was up $25 million quarter-to-quarter on flat sales, so from Q1 to Q2? And Geospatial was kind of plus $8 million Op profit on flat sales in Geospatial. And is that could you just perhaps suggest to us or give us some feel for what the cost takeout or just cost control did sequentially versus the mix there?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, if we look at the costs, and David can add on to this, as you know, we did the pay reductions in the quarter. But actually, if we look at the fundamental drivers of the cost delta in the business, we saw travel and entertainment was the largest drop, not surprisingly. And that was across the board. We saw things like healthcare expenses go significantly down, not surprising. People weren't going to the doctor. So those played in to the overall numbers. So now if we're looking specifically within the reporting segments, OK. So there are some nuances there. And I think you're asking, Rick, about ND&I compared to Geospatial opex, the sequential down Q1 to Q2?
Richard Charles Eastman -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Yes. I just again, I'm just looking at the dollar increase in Op profit versus the revenue being flat quarter-to-quarter? And it's pretty substantial in the B&I business, $25 million more in profit on flat sales from Q1 to Q2. And obviously, there would be a cost component to that. But again, quite frankly, I'm just thinking for modeling purposes. As we move forward, we have more of a software recurring revenue mix there. I would think year-over-year, certainly, but sequentially, it's a rather significant increase in Op profit.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And there's an element that's going to play through with the gross margins being higher, so on even on flat revenue, that's going to be a help in both of the businesses. And then after and there's about an 800-bp delta in the gross margins between those segments. And then from an opex point of view, David, do you want to add to that?
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. I'll just add to what Rob said. So we obviously, for the whole company, gross margins went up Q1 to Q2 and up year-on-year. And that's more pronounced in Buildings and Infrastructure, where the hardware pieces of the business were weaker and the software were stronger for all the factors Rob mentioned. But that phenomenon occurred in Geospatial as well. We had a really positive revenue mix. So what you're seeing on the operating margin line in those two segments is the positive confluence of improved gross margins year-on-year and meaningful reductions in operating expenditure across every category. It's people, no one went to the doctor, travel basically was 0, as I'm sure is true in many of your companies and really across the board, operating expense was low. So as we indicated, the operating expense levels, as you think forward and after Q2, they can't be sustained at that low level. So they will gradually go up, albeit not to the pre-pandemic levels.
Richard Charles Eastman -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Okay. Okay. And then just a second question on the BIM business, could you just characterize how Europe performed in the BIM business in the quarter?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Really quite similar to the rest of the world. I wouldn't say there's anything that particularly stood out in Europe. And we do have a bit more of a Nordic and a U.K. concentration. Nordic did better, not surprisingly.
Operator
And your next question comes from Andrew DeGasperi from Berenberg. Your line is open.
Andrew Lodovico DeGasperi -- Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. -- Analyst
I just wanted to ask a question, again, on transportation, particularly the weakness. Could you maybe elaborate if any of that was due to competition? We know that Samsara has been particularly aggressive. I'm just wondering if that played a role in the weak in the downtick in revenues?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I would the way I'd characterize it is go back that there's the element of the macro impact but let is at least half of where we see the delta. But let's talk a little bit about the nature of the market right now. And so the ELD mandate certainly attracted a lot of capital to the industry. And I would say not all of that capital was with smart capital, and we've seen some early shakeout in the market with some of the technology providers, whether they've exited the market or there's been reductions in force from some companies. So now you apply that and you look at the customers themselves and if you got a pricing imbalance that's pinching carriers at the moment, that is going to increase some of the competitive pressure. And the nature of how we've seen some of the competition in the market shift is really I'll give you an example a product example is the bundling of the hardware with the software. And by and large, that is now how the market has moved because you have companies hey, like ourselves, but I'll say, other companies, younger companies, wanting to get the long tail subscription growth. And so that is certainly I've been talking about this for a few calls, that certainly negatively impacted the competitive environment, the hardware margins and it has that wrapping it now into the subscription. And so one of our announcements was that I had in the press release was moving hardware as a subscription offering. So we do have that available to our customers. And in aggregate, that does have some net impact on the cash flow of the business because instead of taking that hardware revenue upfront, we'll wrap it into the subscription over time. Now on a cumulative base, it'll also be fine over time to have a cumulative cash flow growth. That's ultimately even a better measure than ARR, cumulative cash flow.
Andrew Lodovico DeGasperi -- Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. -- Analyst
That's helpful. And just a follow-up on your on the Hardware-as-a-Service. Can you tell us what the duration is of that subscription on average?
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Typically three years. I mean, you can have one year or three years, but we typically are aiming for three years.
Operator
And your last question comes from Rich Valera from Needham & Company. Your line is open.
Richard Frank Valera -- Needham & Company -- Analyst
One more question on Transportation, if I could. So Rob, the quarter-over-quarter decline in Transportation was obviously pretty severe and abrupt, about $20 million down quarter-over-quarter. And from what I'm hearing, it sounds like you're expecting a gradual recovery, perhaps just a little bit in Q3. And I would assume that looking out over the next several quarters, that's the way to think about it, that we're not likely to get back any of that revenue in chunks to the upside and that we should think about this as more of a gradual recovery, perhaps from the what I would think is the trough in Q2.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
That's a good way to think about it. Yes.
Richard Frank Valera -- Needham & Company -- Analyst
Great. And then just one more, if I could, on the opex, which you have talked about. So that was so opex was down a very impressive almost $20 million, I guess, quarter-over-quarter, Q1 to Q2 and understand that's not sustainable. But any color at all on how much of that we kind of think we give back in Q2? I mean do we give back half that, 1/3 of it? Any color on that at all, it would be appreciated.
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes. This is David. That depends a little bit on how the market evolves and the virus and everything. I think it's safe to say, opex will be up, but nowhere near by the amount that it was down in the second quarter. Many of the factors that constrained opex on travel and a number of discretionary spending areas will continue to be meaningfully down. So it will be up I'd say, up modestly from Q2 to Q3.
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And in addition, we would also see some FX.
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
That's right. The U.S. dollar has weakened considerably. So just the FX rates, a lot of our cost is outside the U.S. So that will put upward pressure on opex.
Operator
And we don't have any further questions at this time. I will now turn it over to Mr. Michael Leyba, Director of Investor Relations.
Michael Leyba -- Director of Investor Relations
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 54 minutes
Call participants:
Robert G. Painter -- President and Chief Executive Officer
David G. Barnes -- Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Jason Vincent Celino -- Analyst
Michael Leyba -- Director of Investor Relations
Ann P. Duignan -- JPMorgan Chase & -- Analyst
Jerry David Revich -- Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. -- Analyst
Robert Cameron Wertheimer -- Melius Research LLC -- Analyst
Colin William Rusch -- Oppenheimer & Co -- Analyst
Richard Charles Eastman -- Robert W. Baird & Co. -- Analyst
Andrew Lodovico DeGasperi -- Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. -- Analyst
Richard Frank Valera -- Needham & Company -- Analyst
