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Teradata Corp (TDC 1.24%)
Q2Â 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 6, 2020, 5:00 p.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good afternoon. My name is Stacy, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Teradata Q2 2020 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
Thank you. Nabil Elsheshai, Corporate Development and Investor Relations, you may begin your conference.
Nabil Elsheshai -- Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Investor Relations
Good afternoon, and welcome to Teradata's 2020 Second Quarter Earnings Call. Steve McMillan, Teradata's President and Chief Executive Officer, will lead our call today; followed by Mark Culhane, Teradata's CFO, who will discuss our financial results. Our discussion today includes forecasts and other information that are considered forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current outlook, and they are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially.
These risk factors are described in today's earnings release, Teradata's most recent 10-K filed with the SEC and in the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, expected to be filed with the SEC in the next few days. We undertake no duty or obligation to update our forward-looking statements. On today's call, we will be discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude such items as stock-based compensation expense and other special items described in our earnings release. We will also discuss other non-GAAP items such as free cash flow and constant currency revenue comparisons. A reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP measures is included in our earnings release, which is accessible on the Investor Relations page of our website at investor.teradata.com. A replay of this conference call will be available later today on our website.
And now I will turn the call over to Steve.
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Nabil, and good afternoon, everyone. I'm truly honored as well as incredibly excited to join Teradata as CEO and lead this great organization that is rich with opportunities. I've joined at quite a unique time in history when this pandemic has caused companies to rethink and rework their business models. The crisis has made one thing very clear: the essential role Teradata plays and our customer success. Organizations need data to help them manage through these tumultuous times. As companies address rapidly changing market situations and customer needs reengineer supply chains to source critical supplies or pivot to remotely support all operations, they realize the need to leverage data as an important asset to make better informed business decisions. Leveraging all of the relevant data possible helps organizations have the agility they need to weather through the disruptions of today's uncertainties. Companies of the size and reach of our customers need access to data at the scale only Teradata can address with the reliability, security and dependability they require and we deliver.
Data and analytics are foundational elements to digital transformation, a transformation which will be accelerated for many by the pandemic. Organizations need to rapidly adapt to this changing landscape and to transform themselves to be leaders in the new economy. To accomplish the transformation, they need analytic insights leveraging data from all relevant sources. Teradata's ability to deliver these enabling capabilities in both hybrid and multi-cloud is unique and presents us with a tremendous opportunity. With that market backdrop, it gives me great pleasure to open my first earnings call as CEO, delivering news of strong results in Q2. The organization executed extremely well in the quarter despite the uncertainties caused by COVID-19. In Q2, we exceeded our expectations and Street guidance for our key metrics. With strong sales execution and good cost discipline, we generated robust ARR growth, significant free cash flow, strong recurring revenue growth and solid earnings per share. Mark will cover our financial results in greater detail as usual. And today, I will speak to three areas important for Teradata's success: first, our ongoing technology innovation; second, our resilient execution during these unprecedented times; and third, our continued customer success. And then I will close with a few personal comments as Teradata's new CEO.
I want to start with our technology innovations, particularly in the cloud. As I spent time learning about the company, I was pleased to see the robust body of work from our products organization as we develop and engineer new data and analytics technologies for both hybrid and multi-cloud environments. We are pleased that Vantage with Native Object Store, or NOS, support has become generally available in the cloud on AWS and Azure, and we will be delivering Vantage on GCP very soon as well. With NOS, analytic models can take advantage of exponentially greater amounts of data stored in public cloud environments, massively improving the scope and activity of the resulting insights. NOS support also reduces the friction in using data in a cloud object store with data already in Vantage. This new release of Vantage continues our focus on driving innovation in our software so that customers can apply analytic insights to data wherever it resides, in an on-premise appliance, external data store or cloud storage environment. Because Vantage software is consistent from one environment to the next, risk is reduced and the process is greatly simplified, bringing faster time to value with the scale, security, availability and analytics performance customers rely on from Teradata.
Vantage with NOS support was developed with direct input from our customers and partners about the real-world use cases. One early access customer leveraged Vantage and IoT sensor data stored in AWS three to perform predictive maintenance on more than 650,000 pieces of equipment, keeping the fleet running, drives more consistent and predictable operations for them and increasing customer satisfaction. We're also bringing a 30-day trial of Vantage in the cloud for customers to directly access and experience the power of Vantage and test out advanced analytics on our leading platform in the cloud. Starting in Q2, this global program is available by invitation and brings faster evaluations as well as reduced pain to value for our customers. The trial offers end database analytics and NOS support and includes access to preloaded data sets so that customers can easily explore various business outcomes from advanced analytics. The trial also showcases our completely modernized UX for Vantage, which makes it easier for business users to take advantage of our platform.
While I'm still evaluating the business, I am pleased to see the strength of innovation at Teradata. However, we can improve our execution in this arena and accelerate our cloud efforts and momentum. Turning to our execution during the COVID-19 crisis. The Teradata team demonstrated great resiliency and pivoted quickly and smoothly to remote work environments. We're focused on supporting our employees through the challenges posed by the pandemic as well as being there to support our customers regardless of physical constraints. To further support our customers during the pandemic, we enabled customers to extend their knowledge of how to leverage data and its impact by offering our training for free. In a great showing of the demand for Teradata expertise, we saw more than 14,000 people take advantage of that learning opportunities. Further, we reimagined all of our events into 100% virtual experiences, and our teams collaborated remotely with hundreds of customers and prospective customers explaining how companies can leverage Teradata to get the insights they need.
Last quarter, we talked about developing virtual executive briefing centers to advance our sales motions while the world needed to work remotely. We have had tremendous response from customers as well as superior contributions from Teradata employees to these high-quality virtual interactions. Our virtual engagements have and are continuing to develop into opportunities for us. As we move through Q3, our virtual engagements continue and our offices remain closed. Our goal is the safety of our employees globally in the face of this highly dynamic situation. We plan to reopen offices only when we believe there will be safe environments for our employees and guests. In the meantime, we will continue to operate remotely. And I am pleased with how our teams have demonstrated their ability to adapt and keep advancing the business. Our strong relationships with our stable customer base, combined with a deeply rooted dedication to delivering business value for our customers, are serving us well during these uncertain times.
As we continue to support our customers in their digital transformation, we are modernizing our go-to-market motions. In Q2, we continued the rollout of our customer success program, where our teams are working to ensure our customers are maximizing the business value from their investment in Teradata technology. Our customer success program also focuses on increasing customer satisfaction. We are seeing very positive response from customers with this program and believe it will drive significant expansion opportunities over time. The work on building our modern sales capabilities remains under way as we enter Q3.
Simultaneously, our marketing programs are pivoting to focus on customer use cases and deeper digital experiences. We are assertively taking back the narrative on Teradata's capabilities in the cloud with an integrated campaign addressing the misperceptions that others have proliferated. It's great to see us on the offense. Just one example is an outstanding webinar we recently held with independent analyst William McKnight; and Brinker International, one of the world's leading casual dining restaurant companies with brands Chili's and Maggiano's Little Italy. This webinar centers on Brinker's journey to the cloud with Teradata and why Brinker chose Vantage on AWS to drive advanced analytics, machine learning and data science across its organization.
With Vantage delivered as a service in the cloud, Brinker can now apply advanced analytics and predictive modeling to its business to improve demand and traffic forecasting, team member management and recommendation engines for customers and more. You're welcome to listen to this great example of how our customers migrate to the cloud. It's available from our website. So we are advancing on many fronts, all to support and grow our customer base. We have a broad number of wins in the quarter, and I'd like to walk through a small sample of our recent cloud wins. Vodafone extended its strategic partnership with Teradata with a new multiyear, multimillion-dollar commitment, utilizing Vantage to improve network intelligence, digital customer experience, IoT and finance. We look forward to continuing to work with Vodafone to help drive its vision for the telco of the future. A major U.S. supermarket chain is migrating to Vantage on AWS, and here, we won over cloud-only vendors. This is the first step in growing Teradata's value proposition and expanding into new use cases, including expanded store information, tray loss prevention, HR analytics and more.
A European energy company migrated to the cloud with Vantage on AWS. Here, we won against competition from cloud-only providers. Based on our unmatched capabilities to scale and the flexibility in our pay-for-what-you-use consumption model, the customer has an extensive set of use cases, including expanding its 360-degree view of its 11 million B2C customers, improving the customer journey and defining use customer segments based on advanced analytics. One of the world's largest gaming and hospitality companies selected Vantage on Azure versus a cloud-only technology. The firm utilizes Teradata to drive its loyalty rewards program and $9 out of every $10 of revenue flows through applications run on Vantage. As the company continues to modernize and transform its business, it's working with Teradata to simplify the way stakeholders analyze data to make better and more timely decisions across the entire enterprise with a consistent data set. Teradata will be collaborating with global integrator, Cognizant, on this project.
A leading U.S. wholesaler is migrating two on-prem systems to Vantage on AWS. Despite competition from cloud-only providers, Teradata's new consumption model won the deal. The customer is beginning a multiphase deployment that will ultimately replace redundant data marks running on other databases throughout its ecosystem. Teradata is collaborating with AWS and a major global systems integrator to expand usage of Vantage and drive business value for this customer. A large Canadian retailer is migrating key applications to the cloud as part of its cloud-first mandate. Teradata and Microsoft work together to provide a compelling offer that involves replicating data on a near real-time basis from the customer's on-prem system to Vantage on Azure. This allows it to seamlessly transition key business reporting initiatives in the case of a disaster with minimal disruption. This customer has a long history of working with Teradata and knew that with the volume of [crews] processed daily, it couldn't seriously consider a cloud-only solution that cannot scale to meet its price performance requirements.
We will continue to work to accelerate our cloud efforts and drive high-quality wins, foster lasting relationships based on business value in our differentiated technology and services. Before I pass the call to Mark, I would like to take a little time to talk to you about why I joined Teradata, what I see as our opportunity and how I see our business. Teradata's market position and opportunity are tremendous. As I previously stated, data and analytics are the foundation of a company's digital future, and Teradata provides the best technology in the world to enable companies to leverage their data, apply analytics to solve mission-critical problems and compete in the market. This is why companies build their future on Teradata, and the incredibly knowledgeable people we have bring truly unmatched expertise to help companies get great value out of the data.
I've only been at Teradata for two months, so now is not the time for new strategy statements. But rest assured, we are tirelessly working on driving our cloud transformation and improving financial returns. A primary focus of mine is to create the strategic context and operating plans for the company, which we will share in the coming quarters. For now, I want to address a few foundational elements crucial to our future. We will win in the cloud, and we'll continue to offer choice and cloud deployment options to meet our customers' needs. That part of the strategy will not change, and I will make sure we are focused on accelerating our move to the cloud. In addition, I believe great technology companies focus on platform and not product, and there's a huge opportunity as we transform Teradata to be the leading analytics platform for a hybrid and multi-cloud world. We will continue to leverage our differentiated expertise in consulting and services to enable our customers and our partners to achieve the best analytic outcomes. And finally, we will aim to grow profitability with a balanced focus on growth and returns, optimizing and streamlining our operations where needed without impacting our customers. We will operate with a sense of urgency and productive paranoia as we move Teradata into the future. As we grow, our ethos will continue to be one that values inclusion and diversity. Our entire leadership team recently stood together and pledged to all employees to take a set of actions, ensuring that Teradata cultivate a workplace where equality, inclusion, diversity and openness are a companywide priority. And to align with our deep commitment to social responsibility, we have begun holding dialogues in some of the challenges facing the world today as open conversation and knowledge are key to driving change.
While we have more work to do and it will take some time to get to where we should be, we are starting from a strong foundation. We have the technology built for a hybrid and multi-cloud world. We have outstanding people and a very strong customer base. We have a vibrant and strong culture, and the passion I see to help customers get the greatest value from the data assets is absolutely energizing. I'm confident that I made the right decision in joining Teradata. With the ongoing pandemic, the second half remains uncertain for many organizations, and no one knows when everything will return to a more normal, predictable environment. Despite uncertainties, we are listening to the market and our customers. We are committed to responding with speed and agility and ensuring we are providing value for our customers, supporting our people and delivering on our expectations. I look forward to providing updates as we progress.
With that, I'll pass the call to Mark.
Mark Culhane -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Steve. I would like to publicly welcome you to Teradata. As Steve said, we had a very solid quarter with healthy results in all three regions, and I am very proud of the way the organization has come together and executed. We generated robust ARR growth, strong free cash flow growth, healthy recurring revenue growth and solid EPS enabled by actions we took to manage expenses given the uncertain environment. We mentioned on our last call, some of the actions we took in Q1 in support of our customers, including temporary free capacity or extended payment terms, and these actions helped move transactions forward this quarter, but more importantly, helped us to deepen our relationships with our customers. Before I continue to highlight a few key elements of our Q2 operating results, I want to make it clear that, unless otherwise stated, my comments today reflect Teradata's results on a non-GAAP basis, which excludes items such as stock-based compensation expense and other special items identified in our earnings release. Additionally, commentary on key segment trends can be found in the earnings discussion document on the IR website at investor.teradata.com.
We generated $52 million in incremental ARR this quarter, $39 million in constant currency. This resulted in $358 million in recurring revenue, growing 6% reported and 8% in constant currency and was well above our guidance range. As we said last quarter, we wanted to remain conservative in our outlook given the overall uncertainty. But as you can see, we had a very strong quarter. Consulting revenue declined 26%, 24% in constant currency. This is an area that has seen more headwinds from COVID-19 as some customers continue to manage discretionary spending. We believe consulting will continue to see headwinds in the second half given the ongoing uncertainty due to various levels of outbreaks and continued remote work mandates.
Moving on to gross margins. Recurring revenue gross margins were 69.8%, up 230 basis points sequentially but down 120 basis points year-over-year as the mix of recurring revenue that includes hardware and lower-margin cloud revenue created a near-term headwind. Over time, we expect recurring revenue gross margins to expand as we see less mix headwinds and expect to see significant gross margin expansion in our cloud offering over the next 18 to 24 months. Consulting revenue gross margin was 15.9% as improved utilization and better price realization helped drive significant movement versus last year. Some of this performance was due to catch-up of projects impacted at the end of Q1 and will normalize in the second half. And we are still expecting consulting revenue margins to be in the low double digits for the year. Total gross margins came in at 58.9%, up 620 basis points year-over-year. The improvement was driven primarily by revenue mix shift to higher-margin recurring revenues and away from perpetual and consulting revenue.
Total operating expenses were up 2% year-over-year. The primary driver of this increase was amortization from capitalized sales compensation as required under ASC 606. We continue to reallocate spend toward our cloud initiative as well as our expanded go-to-market efforts with partners and customer success. To fund these efforts as well as manage expenses given the uncertain environment, we took several actions to manage operating expenses, including limiting travel and entertainment, moving marketing events to virtual as well as limit other discretionary spend. Additionally, we also converted a portion of our annual performance cash-based incentive comp to share-based performance grants that potentially helps non-GAAP operating margin and EPS in 2020 between 50 and 100 basis points and $0.05 to $0.10 of EPS, which we believe will have no significant share dilution impact in 2021 when the final annual performance incentive achievement is determined.
For the full year, we will continue to look for areas to optimize our cost structure while investing in our key strategic initiatives in cloud and transforming our go-to-market organization to support our recurring revenue model and expand our opportunities in the market. As a result of the cost actions we have taken in the first half, we now expect full year operating expenses to be roughly flat to down year-over-year. We had an exceptionally strong free cash flow quarter driven by excellent execution from our collection organization. As we mentioned last quarter, we had roughly $30 million in collections that slipped from Q1 but were collected in April. And this, combined with the overall strong quarter, resulted in free cash flow for the quarter of $115 million, bringing free cash flow for the first half to $130 million. As we said last quarter, we are confident that 2019 was the bottom for free cash flow during our transition, and we have already exceeded that number as of the first half of 2020. In addition, we expect incremental free cash flow for the second half to be positive as well. Our financial position remains very strong and we ended the quarter with $494 million in cash.
After the initial shock in late March and early April to our customer base, we saw conditions stabilize and then customer engagement return to very healthy levels. As a result, linearity in the second quarter was better than our expectations for Q2. And so far, customer engagement trends have remained healthy at the start of Q3. We will continue to support our customers in these unprecedented times and believe our long-term relationships and rock-solid technology are advantages that will allow us to continue to expand our existing customer relationships. While our customer base isn't immune, we serve the largest, most stable companies in the world. As a reminder, less than 12% of our revenue comes from industries hardest hit by the economic changes brought on by COVID-19.
We came into the year set up for a strong year and remain cautiously optimistic based on the pipeline we see for the second half. However, with continued disruption of daily life and uncertain business conditions, we believe it's prudent to remain conservative. And consistent with last quarter, we will only be providing guidance for Q3. For Q3, we expect recurring revenue in the range of $359 million to $361 million and non-GAAP EPS between the range of $0.28 and $0.31. In addition, we continue to expect our full year tax rate to be approximately 23% and a full year share count of approximately 111 million shares. And finally, out of an abundance of caution, our share buyback program will remain suspended until further notice.
And with that, operator, could you please open the call for questions?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from Katy Huberty, Morgan Stanley.
Kathryn Lynn Huberty -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Congratulations on the quarter. Steve, welcome to the team. We really look forward to working with you. I wanted to first ask you a question, and that is it sounds like cloud, in your mind, is the biggest opportunity for Teradata. So can you provide a little more detail around what it is you're asking the team to go do around cloud? Is it entirely engineering? What features need to be added to the product, what needs to be done around go-to-market?
And then how should we think about the time line for Teradata to become incredibly competitive against a growing field in the cloud space in particular?
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Katy, thank you very much for the question, and thank you for the congratulations. I'll accept the congratulations on behalf of the entire Teradata team. As you know, I was just appointed as CEO at the beginning of June. You're absolutely right. We see cloud as the substantial opportunity in the marketplace. If you reflect on the IDC numbers, we see cloud growing at just under 38%, and we see on-premise workloads growing around 4%. So there is a fantastic opportunity there. The team have made some good progress in the cloud already, and you can see that from some of the wins. But the impact from the focus on cloud really does touch every single part of the company. From a product perspective, you saw some of the innovations that were delivered in Q2 from Native Object Store as an example; the trial capability; an updated UX, which is much more cloud-like in terms of how it operates. But we also see the changes impacting our go-to-market motion. So looking at things like customer success, how can we work with customers that are using our products in the cloud to ensure that they are getting incremental usage. The product development focus will continue. I'm currently reviewing all of our spend from a product development perspective and ensuring that we are prioritizing the cloud and cloud development as part of our spend envelope from a product development angle. We really do feel that we are currently competitive in the cloud. But as we move forward, that we'll be able to increase that overall level of competition and competitive ability by introducing new features and functions.
The one thing I think that we do have to address from a Teradata perspective is we're not seen as a modern and relevant cloud player. And the focus from the marketing organization is really to change perceptions in the marketplace. You heard from the strength of the wins that we were having in cloud that, clearly, we can win well. And we've launched a recent campaign called MythBusters, which looks at to really reeducate the marketplace in terms of the misperceptions that may have been put around about Teradata and our ability to execute from a cloud perspective. So I think there's no just one aspect to our focus on cloud as a total organizational transformation.
I would be remiss as well if I didn't say it also has to do with the cultural transformation of the company in terms of acting with agility, really being conscious of speed and time to market and delivering incredibly well. So it was great to see the product development team coming out on time and against the commitments that they've made for delivery of new features and functions inside the cloud. Katy, I hope I answered all of the questions there for you.
Kathryn Lynn Huberty -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
No. That's great. Mark, can I just ask one follow-up? And it's about guidance for the September quarter. If I remember back when you guided the June quarter, you essentially said that it assumed very little in the way of new business in the remaining two months, in May and June. Is that the same way that you approach September guidance? Or how would you characterize it as it relates to the degree of conservatism?
Mark Culhane -- Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Yes, we're taking a conservative approach. The bottom end of our guidance is very similar on that front. Clearly, we were the beneficiary in Q2 of as we said in Q1, there were deals that didn't happen with all the shelter-in-place scrambling going around in the last two weeks of March on both trying to get renewals done as well as some of the new and add-on stuff. So that clearly benefited Q2. We didn't have that same phenomenon experienced at the end of June. So it's yes, we're taking a conservative view toward going forward.
Kathryn Lynn Huberty -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
And your next question comes from Phil Winslow, Wells Fargo.
Phil Winslow -- Wells Fargo. -- Analyst
This is on for Phil. First of all, Steve, congratulations. Congratulations on the role. We're looking forward to working with you and the rest of the team. As for the questions, I'm wondering if you can talk a little bit about kind of building on the last question here, can you talk about the mix of new versus extension business in the quarter, just curious how your customer conversations are going. Are customers expanding on any particular front? Or was a lot of the conversations that you've been having given the recent pass on maintaining footprints. I guess I'm just kind
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Okay. Thank you so much for the question. It cracked up a little bit, but I think the essence of the question is around are we seeing expansion, are we seeing new use cases, how are we doing in terms of our existing customer base and attracting new customers. So let me just touch on a few of those points. Expansion is a key driver for us. One of the really interesting things and items that I found out during my initial time is that our customers only tend to use about 20% of the features and capabilities of the product. And as they expand the use of those capabilities, it really gives us the opportunity to deliver new use cases for the customer and set Teradata on a growth trajectory and, say, their existing customer base. And obviously, our focus on our customer success function really looks to drive that.
The other thing I would say that's been a real eye opener for me is the expertise and the innovation of our people in terms of how they utilize Teradata to drive new and innovative use cases for our customers. You heard about some of that in the prepared remarks in terms of working with companies around IoT, working with companies with predictive maintenance. But some of the fantastic innovations are also incredibly relevant to what we do today. So as an example, we've developed a dashboard, which allows us to process information from external data sources for our company and internal data sources. They can provide executive management inside the company an idea of when they should reopen offices or stores or their overall business in terms of this COVID-19 environment. So it's incredibly exciting to see some of those existing use cases. It's really nice to see that happening in the cloud. But I want to stress that we are truly a hybrid and multi-cloud player. And so we see those use cases being deployed both on-premise and in the cloud. So I think the opportunity is there to continue to expand the customer base, and we're seeing some really nice wins and some really nice growth in our cloud business.
Phil Winslow -- Wells Fargo. -- Analyst
Okay. And I guess I'm wondering what you're hearing in terms of managing the service in recent months given the backdrop. I mean you mentioned a little bit about GCP in your prepared remarks. I'm just wondering how the other conversations have changed and happened to change just given the backdrop.
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Yes. We're really excited that in third quarter, we'll be announcing Vantage on GCP. And we really believe given the success that the Google Cloud platform is having in the marketplace, we really think that, that will expand and open up a whole new set of customers for us. We've already got some pilots going on with our existing customer base in terms of utilizing Vantage on the Google Cloud platform that are really driving some interest in use cases. What we're finding is that winning in the cloud is very much around helping customers reduce their risk in that transformation. And then we went in the cloud because Teradata has got the scale and the performance where provide security and reliability. We're truly the safe choice for customers that are moving from an on-premise environment and moving workload toward the cloud. And obviously, our Native Object Store technology that we have launched will enable us to access exponentially larger amounts of data in the cloud and really open up brand-new use cases for our customers and how they deploy.
Operator
And your next question comes from Pree Gadey, Barclays.
Preetam Gadey -- Barclays Bank PLC -- Analyst
Welcome to the team, Steve. I wanted to ask you first, you said you had a win based on the consumption pricing model in the cloud. I was hoping you could kind of expand on what the consumption pricing model is for Teradata and how it's different against cloud vendors.
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
I think, Pree, thanks very much for the welcome, and thank you for the question. Not surprisingly, our consumption pricing model enables our customers just to pay for what is being used. So it's very much in line with what you would expect from a cloud-based delivery model. I think where we set ourselves apart is the fact that Teradata allows you to utilize those capabilities at performance and scale. So not only is it about paying just for what you use, but you also get the benefits of what we find to be a lower cost per query when you utilize Teradata technologies compared to some of the other cloud providers. And that consumption-based pricing is something that gives us the flexibility to deploy in a real hybrid and multi-cloud environment in a consistent way. So it gives consistency for our customers as they deploy workloads across lots of different environments. So I think that's really the differentiation with Teradata is comes about when we convene that consumption pay-for-what-you-use pricing model with all of the benefits of Teradata in terms of low-cost per queries and scaling that across both on-premise and public cloud environments. Hopefully, that answers the question for you, Pree.
Preetam Gadey -- Barclays Bank PLC -- Analyst
It did. And just a quick question on for Q2, recurring revenue growth of 19% in EMEA, it seemed like an extremely strong number. I was hoping to get a little bit more color on what drove the strength there.
Mark Culhane -- Chief Financial Officer
Yes. It's, I mean, a strong quarter. Clearly had some things that came out of Q1 that didn't close that close early, so it helped from a linearity perspective. And they've shifted very well from perpetual to subscription, which is helping much more so than they did across 2019 and 2018. So that's a big piece of it. The U.S. was the first to make the shift. Now we're seeing really good shifts in both our other regions, in both APJ as well as EMEA.
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Mark, I think it's well, it was a fantastic quarter and one of the key and it wasn't the only reason for our growth in EMEA. They executed well across lots of different countries and lots of deal sizes and deals. But I'd like just to point everybody to the fantastic win at Vodafone, which we referenced in the prepared remarks. That really drove a fantastic win. It's really core to Vodafone strategy in terms of how they are running and managing their network and how they want to be a telco and a service provider of the future. So there were some really fantastic wins for EMEA. So Pree, thanks for supporting that.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call over to Stephen McMillan for final comments.
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Thank you so much. And I'd just like to reiterate again, it's an absolute pleasure for me to have joined Teradata as a CEO. I'd like to thank publicly the Teradata team for their execution in 2Q, the resilience they've shown through the pandemic and the focus that they've had in terms of delivering to our customers. The pandemic is a challenging time for all of us, and we very much think that we're going to have some success as we move forward through the second half of the year. And it's clear that Teradata is essential in helping the largest organizations in the world leverage data to get the answers that they need. Our execution, we really do expect that to continue. And we're going to move forward with a balanced view of growth and returns, while keeping our customers at the center of all that we do. So thank you very much, and thank you for listening in to this earnings call.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 45 minutes
Call participants:
Nabil Elsheshai -- Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Investor Relations
Steve McMillan -- President And Chief Executive Officer
Mark Culhane -- Chief Financial Officer
Kathryn Lynn Huberty -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Phil Winslow -- Wells Fargo. -- Analyst
Preetam Gadey -- Barclays Bank PLC -- Analyst
