ING Groep (ING) Q2 2020 Earnings Call Transcript

ING Groep (ING 1.43%)
Q2 2020 Earnings Call
Aug 06, 2020, 2:30 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Second-quarter 2020 conference call. Before handing this conference call over to Steven Van Rijswijk, chief executive officer of ING Groep, let me first say that today's comments may include forward-looking statements. Such as statements regarding future developments in our business, expectations for our future financial performance, and any statement not involving an historical fact. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

A discussion of factors that may cause actual results to differ from those in any forward-looking statements is contained in our public filings, including our most recent annual report on Form 20-F filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, and our earnings press release as posted on our website today. Furthermore, nothing in today's comments constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. Good morning, Steven, over to you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our second-quarter 2020 results call. I hope you are healthy and well. I'm happy to take you through today's presentation in my new role, CEO.

I'm joined by [Audio gap] sorry, I'm joined by our CFO and our interim CRO, Tanate Phutrakul, as well as, Karst Jan Wolters, currently responsible for the day-to-day risk activities. At the end of the presentation, we will, as always, have time to take your questions. With COVID-19 affecting many, also, the second quarter was far from standards. We continue to support our customers, employees, and society during this time.

At the same time, as countering financial and economic crime remains a priority, we continue our efforts to increase the effectiveness of our KYC activities. However, the current operating environment reinforces our belief that we are on the right strategic path with our digital model being a clear strength in continuing operations and uninterrupted service. Pre-provision results proved resilient, as we keep focus on pricing discipline. We also saw some of the negative valuation adjustments from last quarter reversing as financial markets somewhat normalized again.

Combined with cost control, this largely countered the margin pressure on customer deposits and goodwill impairments. Over to risk costs. In the IFRS 9, we took substantial collective provisioning in Stage 1 and Stage 2 to reflect worsened macroeconomic indicators. When these remain unchanged, we believe that we have already taken the majority of provisioning for this year.

And for the second half of 2020, we expect the risk costs to be below the level recorded in the first half year. The CET ratio improved from 14% to 15%. This ratio was supported by lower RWA due to several management actions and CRR amendments. Regularory -- regulatory capital also increased.

I'll come back to this later in the presentation. We are confident that we are well-positioned to face headwinds with a strong capital position, a strong funding base, and a low Stage 3 ratio. Also this quarter, we provided support to our employees, customers, and society. Currently, around 75% of our staff continues to work from home and we have started with a phased return to office, ensuring that our people can work safely and aligned with local requirements.

We help, both, our private and business customers with payment holidays. So far, we have granted payment holidays on EUR 18 billion of credit outstandings, representing 2.5% of our loan book. This is mainly in mortgages and business lending. And of this amount, the payment holidays of EUR 1.3 billion have already expired, and on these loans, we are not seeing a meaningful increase of risk costs.

After initial peak in March and April, new requests have come down. And as we are already seeing payment holidays starting to expire, we wouldn't expect this amount to show a large increase going forward. We've also extended approximately EUR 250 million in loans to SMEs and mid-corporate customers and our government guarantee schemes and provided EUR 5.4 billion of liquidity to larger corporate customers with part of the liquidity drawings having reversed versus the peak at the end of March. We used different ways to monitor the credit risk profile of our clients.

Aside from individual credit assessments, we also use our early warning system to identify potential signs of an increased credit risk for an individual customer, and through personal contact, we stay updated on what our clients are doing. And if needed, we are involved early on. Now moving to Slide 4. In the previous quarter, we saw a very high loan growth and that was mainly driven by protective drawings in wholesale banking.

This quarter, part of these drawings have come back while also investment plans are on hold, and that has reduced the demand. In retail, we saw continued demand for mortgages, while in consumer lending, demand was subdued. And also in business lending, there was less demand driven by liquidity provided through government support packages and less need for working capital or investment loans, and that resulted in negative loan growth. In fees, the strong trend of the last quarter continued in investment products.

Daily banking fees were affected by lockdowns with lower payment fees, reflecting lower commercial activity and limited travel. We managed to partially offset this effect with the increased payment package fees in the Benelux, as well as, in Germany. Our conservative approach to syndicated transactions, saw in wholesale banking resulted in lower lending fees over there and lower oil prices affected trade finance. Now despite these COVID-19 effects, fee income over the first-half year was almost 9% higher than the first half of 2019.

So we're on track with our fee growth ambitions. Loan loss provisioning, that was impacted by worsened macroeconomic indicators. And as a result, we saw an increase in Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisioning. I'll come back to that later.

Now let's look at Slide 5. This slide shows that despite all the challenges posed by the current market environment, we keep on growing our primary customer base. And as we also saw last quarter, especially Germany, benefited from a digital experience we offer to our customers. Furthermore, we managed to grow our top-line income both year on year and quarter on quarter.

And while there is some positive impact from more volatile items when you look at our NII, our net interest income, we managed to keep that stable, as also guided despite negative interest rate environment in Eurozone. Year on year, there is some support from tiering. Nevertheless, the pressure on liability income is still significant and even increased this quarter with core rate reductions in the non-Eurozone countries. Our discipline, and that's important, with lending margins and charging negative rates are examples of how we are managing the pressure.

It's also important to note that the benefit that we could get from TLTRO III will come as of the third quarter, as our main participation in this scheme only came at the end of the second quarter. Then on to the next slide, Slide 6. I want to underline the message that our digital and agile abilities are great assets under current circumstances. Digital banking is a safe choice for our customers while to ensure business continuity in a rapid changing world.

Our digital mobile-first strategy, in my view, is the right strategy, and under my leadership, we will continue with this. And as you can see in the top graph on this page, we continue to help our customers making the shift from using assisted channels, being branches and call centers, to mobile banking at a very high pace. With lockdown measures in place, our customers have quickly adopted to remote channels for advisory products such as video calls for mortgages or investment advice, and this is visible in a further reduction of assisted channel usage and further acceleration of the share of the mobile-only customers and that came in at 41%. And as you take that further, the share of mobile interactions increased to 87%, with a number of interactions, again increasing if you look at it at an annualized basis.

And last but not least, on the right-hand bottom side, if you look at that graph, again on an annualized basis, it shows that we improved our conversion rate to sales since the end of 2019 with an increasing number of mobile sales per 1,000 customers. Slide 7. We continue to work on improve the digital experience for our customers, including further steps in Unite, as we are improving the digital experience also for our Belgian customers. This quarter, we took important steps in Belgium toward digital harmonization.

We launched OneWeb, the new digital banking channel and we start to welcome our private individual customers to OneApp, which is based on the app also available in Germany and the Netherlands. To remind you, many Unite milestones already have been realized. We implemented an agile service model, reduced the number of branches, migrated all record bank customers, and decommissioned systems. Our centralization of the core banking systems, and we said that before, will not happen.

However, with the technological changes and benefits that we currently have and that we initiated after we had started Unite in 2016, we will be able to harmonize our digital customer proposition much faster, for example, to the use of APIs. A large part of the planned cost savings has already been realized. And although the technical execution of Unite differs from what we planned back in '16, we are certain that we can improve and further improve efficiency. Now with that, let me take you through the second-quarter results, starting on Slide 9.

In the second quarter, income increased both year on year and quarter on quarter. And compared to a year ago, we saw higher treasury income and we disciplined our lending margins combined with positive valuation adjustments. This offset the continued pressure on the customer deposit margins and also the lower income from foreign currency ratio hedging, reflecting lower interest rate differentials as the core deposit rates, not only in Eurozone, but also in non-Eurozone countries were significantly reduced. As a reminder, 2019 second quarter also included a EUR 79 million one-off gain.

So the overall income was EUR 6 million higher year on year, and without that one-off gain, even more. Sequentially, income improved by EUR 160 million. This mainly reflects the reversal of last year's -- the last quarter's negative valuation adjustments despite special liability income and lower fees after an exceptionally high-fee income in the first quarter of this year. Pre-provision results, and that excludes both volatile items and regulatory cost, was resilient.

Income, excluding volatile items, was slightly lower and pressure on liability income remains. Further, record-high previous quarter fees were lower. Costs were lower year on year despite the CLA-related increases and the previous quarter benefited from a significantly higher VAT refund. If you exclude this item, the quarterly operating costs, excluding the volatile items and goodwill impairments also went down, so both year on year and quarter on quarter.

Then going to Page 10, on to NII. Net interest income, excluding financial markets, was slightly lower year on year, reflecting the effect of the negative rate environment on customer deposits, as well as, lower income on foreign currency ratio hedging. This quarter, we saw several core rate reductions in the non-Eurozone countries, with a substantial inflow of deposits, especially in the Eurozone countries, reflecting a reduced spending in these uncertain times and holiday allowances received. Versus the previous quarter, NII, excluding FM, was 1.8% lower.

NII on mortgages improved. However, margin pressure on customer deposits did continue. And overall, we continue to see that effect of pricing discipline as we benefit from negative rates that we charge on deposits. Versus the second quarter of last year, we benefit from deposit tiering, which came into effect at the end of 2019, and again, benefit that we get from TLTRO III will be pronounced as of the third quarter of this year as the main take -- uptake of the TLTRO scheme was at the end of June of this year.

Our net interest margin decreased by 7 basis points this quarter to 144 basis points and that was mainly driven by a higher average balance sheet, reflecting high deposit inflow, our TLTRO III participation, and the customer's elevated average drawing on revolving credit facilities in wholesale banking. And as I told you, it came down toward the end of this quarter, but the first two months, April and May, the drawings and revolving credit facilities were still relatively high. The generally low margin on these facilities did impact the margin on non-mortgage lending, as well as, income on liabilities. And as mentioned before, while NIM is an important metric for the market, we know that NIM can be impacted by volatile items, as you can see this quarter.

And so, we believe it is also good to look at the overall net interest income development. If you then look at Page 11, Slide 11, we turn to core lending developments. If you look at retail, starting with Challengers & Growth Markets, we continue to grow there. And mortgages, especially, strong growth of mortgages in Germany with some lower demand for consumer lending products kept overall net core lending flat for other Challengers & Growth Markets.

Then retail Benelux, there, we saw a small decline, mainly due to the lower demand in business lending and that reflects a combination of liquidity provided through the government packages, as well as, the impact of lower commercial activity, and that in turn, has an impact of reduced demand for working capital. In wholesale banking, there, we saw a decrease of EUR 5.6 billion, driven mainly by repayments of the last quarter -- of the last quarter's increased utilization of the revolve -- of the revolving credit facilities that was in lending that came down this quarter and daily banking and trade finance. We did see a decline, reflecting lower demand of receivables finance and working capital solutions, as well as, of course, the impact of the lower oil prices in trade and commodity finance. In the second quarter, therefore, net core lending was down by EUR 7 billion.

And on the other hand, net customer deposits increased by close to EUR 21 billion and it was driven by retail banking, reflecting a reduced spending due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the holiday allowances received. Now we go to fees on Page 12. We managed to grow fee income by EUR 12 million year on year and that's a 1.7% increase. In retail banking, that's especially good fees, we're 5% higher, driven by investment product fees and those were up almost 28% year on year, as we con see -- as we continue to see a high number of trades benefiting from market volatility.

In daily banking, fees were lower and that was due to fewer payment transactions, but we already see an increasing of the payment transactions getting close to the pre-COVID levels following the relaxation of the lockdown measures. Lower fees in wholesale banking were mainly driven by our conservative approach toward the syndicated lending market. For the quarter, quarter-on-quarter fees were down by 7.7% after very high fees in the first quarter, which was elevated also by the successful first-quarter campaign in Belgium. And typically, the first quarter in Belgium is a very good fee quarter.

In addition, lending fees in wholesale banking were lower quarter on quarter after a very strong start of the syndicated loan markets, and then, we contracted our appetite, and therefore, it came down. And the same was the case due to daily banking, as therefore, the activities in daily banking in the traded commodity finance went down as well. Then to Slide 13. Results in financial markets is very strong for the quarter.

Client income up, EUR 64 million mainly due to rates and global capital markets. Sequentially, client income rose by EUR 73 million, reflecting good income in rates and credit trading, which in the first quarter experienced losses due to market volatility. As I mentioned, adjustments had a positive impact of EUR 87 million this quarter. This was driven by markets normalizing again after the volatility were serve -- we observed toward the end of the previous quarter and this led to a reversal of the negative valuation adjustments.

So both effects contributed to the good results for financial markets this quarter. Then we go to the cost side of things, so Slide 14. Expenses, excluding KYC and regulatory costs, as well as, the EUR 310 million goodwill impairment that we announced last week were down by EUR 44 million year on year. With the solid focus on cost control and lower performance-related expenses, we were able to absorb CLA-related salary increases.

Even when we exclude a provision that we took in the second quarter of 2019 for a restructuring in Germany, costs of this quarter were still lower than last year. KYC-related costs were comparable to the previous quarter, as we work on becoming more effective and make progress on our fund enhancements. These costs are expected to plateau in 2020 with an expected run rate of around EUR 600 million for this year. And regulatory costs, obviously, were seasonally lower in the second quarter, up by EUR 40 million compared to last year, but that was due to a catch-up on contributions that we had to do for the single resolution fund.

As our income stays resilient, the demand is currently impacted. You can expect me and Tanate to take a real serious look at our cost base. Some investments will continue, but there is a need to have, a nice to have, and we will certainly look at these projects to see whether we need to impact these or not. Then we go to Slide 15, that shows elevated provisions in all stages and Stage 1 may feel a bit counterintuitive.

So here, we go to the technical explanation of life. If you look at credit outstanding in Stage 1, that represents performing loans, and on these loans, credit risk, in of itself, has not increased. Yet, if you look at this quarter in the IFRS 9, our accounting regulation, we need to take a EUR 255 million provision for these loans, and that effect is caused by the macroeconomic indicators and that they deteriorated compared to the first quarter. And for Stage 1, you therefore, only look at macroeconomic indicators for 12 months.

And in the 12 months, what we do see is a sharp downturn, but not so much an upturn and the recovery comes subdued and recovery in the 12 period is more limited. And as close to 90% of our exposures is in Stage 1, therefore, this impact and effect applies to the majority of our book. Then you go to Stage 2 provisions and these were higher as well. Again, we have deteriorating circumstance in the second quarter, and therefore, also there, they reflect collective provisioning based on worsening macroeconomic indicators.

Now a smaller part of the book, but a broader impact because there, you do not look at a one-year loss, but you look at the lifetime loss of the loan. However, because you also look at the lifestyle macroeconomic forecast. Therefore, you see some recovery in years two and three and that then positively impacts the risk costs and provisions. We also had some individual files in higher risk sectors that we moved to the watch list and we have applied some rating downgrades.

And at Stage 3, you can expect that we saw that for already weakened companies, the COVID-19 pandemic is clearly not helping. So we saw a deterioration of existing Stage 3 files, on which we took additional provisions and compared to previous quarters as well. We also moved a number of new larger files to Stage 3 and has also included a sizable suspected external fraud case, in which there were quite some reports in the press over the past couple of weeks. If we move to Slide 16, that shows a total picture of risk costs, which in the second quarter of this year came in at EUR 1.33 billion or 85 basis points over average customer lending.

As I explained to you on the previous slide, this was largely driven by elevated provisioning in Stage 1 and 2, including EUR 421 million collective provisioning allocated to the segments. And also in that number, we took a management provision for payment holidays. Aside from Stages 1 and 2, in retail Benelux, there were higher risk costs, mainly driven by some larger additions for individual files in mid-corporates. And our retail, Challengers & Growth Markets, higher risk costs predominantly came from collective Stage 3 provisioning that was mainly visible in Poland, Spain, and Turkey.

Wholesale banking, Stage 3 risk costs remained elevated, reflecting additions for large individual clients, both existing and new files, mainly in Germany, in the Americas, and Asia and in the Netherlands, and it also included this sizable provision I just mentioned on the expected or suspected fraud case. As we moved more exposures to the watch list, Stage 2 outstandings went up, mainly in wholesale banking and that resulted in a higher Stage 2 ratio of 7%. But to be clear, Stage 2 is not necessarily a waiting room for default and implies, at this point in time, risk cost is monitored more closely on individual files, but not necessary that this exposure is expected to default. When the risk cost or the credit risk is no longer deemed increased, then, we move it back to Stage 1.

And the strength of our book is also exemplified by the Stage 3 ratio of our group, that's 1.6%. Now of course, that ratio is always looked at by a nominator and a denominator. So if you exclude TLTRO III from the credit outstandings, Stage 3 ratio was up slightly, although, it's still low at 1.8%, and I think, that exemplifies the strength of our book. And to continue on that book or risk management, Slide 17 depicts our book.

And again, and I said that -- highlighted that also in previous quarters. I feel very confident with our risk management framework and the quality of our book. We've taken lessons learned from the previous financial crisis, resulting in a very well-diversified loan book with caps on single exposures, caps on sectors, caps on countries. We have a conservative risk appetite with a focus on senior structures, collateralized structures, and our confidence is underscored by our strong track record through the cycle with historical risk cost as a percentage of pre-provision profit well below that of our Eurozone peers.

These slides provides this overview of our loan book and highlight some of the sectors in business lending and wholesale banking, which are most directly impacted by the pandemic. As you can see, and again, I told you that also in May, the size of the individual books is limited and Stage 3 ratios are generally low. So let me now focus on a few of the sectors on which we typically receive questions. So oil and gas, EUR 4.5 billion directly exposed to oil price risk, covering reserve-based lending and offshore business.

Main focus here is on a 1.4 billion U.S. book in reserve-based lending because it operates in a relatively high-cost base environment. And this quarter, we also saw some deterioration in our offshore drilling portfolio, but that's small because that book is only EUR 0.5 billion. Hospitality and leisure sectors, we've always had a restricted portfolio and we've been very selective.

Then if you look at aviation, and I repeat myself from May, but the exposure is limited. Also here, we've been selective, and even under the current market circumstances, exposure in Stage 3 is basically nonexistent. As you know, we feel we're ahead of the curve by capping certain businesses as we did it with, for example, our leveraged finance book. We closely monitor the development of this portfolio.

We follow a strict policy, including only senior debts. We have a max leverage. We have a max EUR 25 million taken hold and there are no single underwritings allowed. Overall, and that, of course, you have seen in the fees for wholesale banking, we are less active in the underwriting market as uncertainty remains high and that's a conscious choice.

Clearly, current market circumstances will have an impact on our customers and we are closely monitoring how our book develops, but with the risk framework in place, with the many experienced good risk colleagues, we remain confident on asset quality. Then on to our capital, Slide 18. Here, you can see how our common equity Tier 1 ratio developed, which was up by 1%, reaching a very healthy 15%. On the capital side -- so on the capital number, we had a EUR 1.4 billion positive impact.

So in addition to adding our full net profit, capital was up by EUR 600 million, reflecting the adoption of the transitional IFRS 9 arrangement, where the shortfall became a surplus. Also, the goodwill impairment we took had a positive impact on the capital because we took it away from our profit, our P&L, but we already had the regulatory capital, so we could take it out here of capital, so to avoid double counting. The common equity Tier 1 ratio was also supported by lower RWAs and we'll come back on that on the next slide to give you more detail on that. Now with this 15%, we are well above our current CET1 ambition of around 13.5%, increasing our buffer versus the MDA level to 4.5%.

And as mentioned before, we will come with an update on our capital plan with the third-quarter results. As far as thoughts on dividends, we want to provide our shareholders with an attractive return. However, for now, we have delayed for our dividend payments until after the 1st of January 2021, which is in line with the ECB's recommendation. The dividend reserve over 2019 does remain outside of regulatory capital, are realized from banks added back to capital.

And if we would do that, but we do not intend to do that, but just for comparison purposes, if we would add this reserve back, our pro forma common equity Tier 1 ratio would stand at 15.5%. Now going to Slide 19, some more details on the RWA developments. RWAs were lower by EUR 13 billion this quarter, mainly driven by approximately EUR 12 billion of lower credit risk-weighted assets. And that was mainly a result of management actions, including EUR 8 billion due to the adoption of the standardized approach for sovereign exposures away from ARRB and EUR 3.5 billion from implementing a cash flow-based maturity approach rather than a legal maturity approach.

Again, we become a bit technical here. We also benefited from several CRR, i.e. regulatory amendments while lower lending volumes further reduced RWA. And so, I'd point again at least EUR 7 billion lower core lending for the quarter.

We did also record a EUR 6.6 billion RWA increase, reflecting expected TRIM impacts following an update at the end of July that the ECB made, in which they intend to resume decisions on TRIM investigations. And overall, with the definition of default impact absorbed, with the TRIM impact largely known and absorbed, we do feel very comfortable with our current capital position, including absorbing potential future RWA impacts. As you can see on Slide 20, both the common equity Tier 1 ratio and leverage ratio remain ahead of our ambitions. On ROE, it's clear it's below our ambition, but we very much intend to continue to provide an attractive total return to our shareholders.

And as mentioned also in previous quarters, our cost-to-income ratio was impacted by factors such as the negative rate environment and regulatory cost as this quarter's goodwill impairment affected that metric. To reiterate what we said before, cost-to-income is not how we run our business, but it remains an important input for ROE. And hence, we continue to have our ambition to reach a 50% to 52% cost-to-income ratio, as we further digitize. This quarter, most segments show a reduction of operating expenses.

Costs will continue to have the focus of the organization, and in particular, of Tanate and myself. As for our dividends, following the ECB recommendation, we have suspended dividend payments until at least the 1st of January, 2021. The EUR 1.75 billion that we reserved last year for the final dividend payment over 2019 is kept outside of regulatory capital and we are keen to provide our shareholders with an attractive return. So to wrap it up, we continue efforts to help our customers, our employees, and society to deal with the effects of COVID-19, at the same time, countering financial, economic and -- financial economic crime remains a priority as before.

The current environment reinforces our belief that we are on the right strategic path with our digital model, and we've seen it through the crisis with digital use uptick and uptake, and with our digital model enabling us to continue to grow primary customers and keeping them stable -- sorry, keeping NII stable. Loan demand was affected by COVID-19, still strong, and mortgages growth, however, reduced demand, mainly from our business customers. Pre-provision results, very resilient, supported by focus on pricing discipline, good fee income, and cost control. And when the current macroeconomic indicators remain unchanged, we believe we have already taken the majority of provisioning for this year.

And for the second half of the year, we expect risk costs to be below the level recorded in January to June. The CET ratio, strong, 15% and we will come, therefore, with an updated capital plan at our third-quarter results. We remain very confident we are well-positioned to face headwinds with a stable income base, with growing fee income, a strong capital position, a strong funding base, as well as, a low Stage 3 ratio. Thank you very much.

I will now open the call for questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first question is from Mr. Stefan Nedialkov of Citi. Go ahead, please, sir.

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

Good morning, guys. It's Stefan from Citi. Steven, welcome to your new role at ING. I have a couple of questions.

The first one is on the outlook for pre-provision profit and post-provision profit. You seem to be guiding to stable NII for the rest of the year. There was a small miss in the quarter. How should we think about the evolution for the rest of the year in terms of help from TLTRO and others? And then fees, obviously, very strong and costs relatively under control.

Does this mean we should be looking at an improving pre-provision profit into the second half of the year? On the post-provision profit basis, cost of risk to you guys seem to be guiding to second half being less than the first half. Back of the envelope, calculations basically point to around EUR 3.4 billion, which is in line with consensus. Would you agree or disagree with that? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much, Stefan. I will take the cost on the risk guidance, and then, I will give the outlook for the pre-provision profits to Tanate, also in light of your question on TLTRO. Yeah, if you look at the risk cost, there is a significant part of our risk cost that came from macroeconomic indicators. And as we said in the first quarter of the year, we then took very much a process approach and said, OK, what is now the consensus that we have in the first quarter of what we use with offered economics of the then outlook, that we then had for the economies for the first year, and also for the next three years.

And that consensus still was quite benign because some reports already were negative, some reports were still flat, and hence, on average, the impact -- GDP impact or impact on house prices or unemployment was relatively limited. And we took then EUR 200 million plus an additional EUR 40 million for one of the portfolios. Now what we now do is, again, go back to the process and we look then at what are the macroeconomic indicators for the end of June, and there you see a big deterioration. You see a forecast for Eurozone, minus 8%, for some countries, even minus 10% or minus 12%, with then a recovery -- gradual recovery in 2021, 2022.

And we need to bridge that delta in our risk costs. So both in Stage 1 and in Stage 2, you see then a significant uptick in our risk costs with over EUR 400 million, and we included in that an additional management overlay for potential risk cost that we get on our payment holidays. Also, what you see is actually migration of clients, who because of these macroeconomic indicators, get higher probabilities of default allocated, and therefore, get higher ratings. And again, therefore, you see higher risk costs as well.

So it's an additional effect. So the lion's share, the large lion's share of what you see in Stage 1 and Stage 2 are these macroeconomic impacts. Therefore, you look almost already at about EUR 550 million. Now if these macroeconomic indicators stay as they are, then the next quarters, we will not see that anymore.

And therefore, we are quite confident that our risk costs will go down for the second half of the year. Now I will -- I have given you now some pointers. But obviously, I cannot give forward-looking statements as to the provisions to make. So I cannot comment on the consensus, but I trust that with these pointers, I give you a good view of how we look at it.

Now Tanate, can you go to the pre-provision profits?

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Sure. Stefan, as you know, we don't give forward guidance, but let me talk you through some of the components about our NII. If you look at our quarterly results this quarter, you see that we maintained pricing discipline in terms of our repricing of our loan book. We try to also continue with the geographical diversification of our loans to more than non-Eurozone.

And I think to maintain stable NII, we do count on improving macroeconomic situation, where that should come through with increased loan growth in Q3 and Q4. Having said that, we are also taking steps with respect to our liability cost. For example, that in a number of our non-Eurozone markets, we are looking to take steps or haven't taken steps on reducing the deposit rates offered to our customer. And as you know, we have already gone negative for large private banking customers, in either the Netherlands or in Belgium in charging negative rates.

And of course, as you mentioned, we have taken this TLTRO funding outstanding as of the end of Q2. We have taken approximately EUR 60 billion in TLTRO funding, which we benefit -- if we can keep our loan growth stable or rising, we will benefit from funding of approximately minus 1%.

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Thank you, guys.

Operator

Next question is from Mr. Benoit Petrarque of Kepler Cheuvreux. Go ahead, please.

Benoit Petrarque -- Kepler Cheuvreux -- Analyst

Yes, good morning, and welcome, Steven. Good to have you on board. Now Steven, just as a first question, I know you are here just for a couple of weeks now. But do you expect us -- do you expect to update us on the strategy? I would not expect major turnaround, but any thoughts on the direction you might want to give to the company? And linked to that, obviously, a big thing is you know, the cost focus.

We've seen some banks actually lowering cost significantly in the second quarter and the direction is quite clear there. Could you update us on the pipeline of the cost cuttings, and also, on the kind of direction for the full-year 2020? It was, I think, down 0.4% on a clean basis in Q2. It's good, but maybe more is needed in front of the pressure on the top line is facing. And then, the second question is on the asset quality and risk.

Obviously, you have quite a small amount of loan under moratoria. I think it's 2.5% of your book, it's EUR 18 billion. Do you have a bit more granularity on that figure? How much is retail and how much is wholesale? And when do you expect those loans to be back to normal? And also, do you have an initial idea of how much [Inaudible] turn maybe problematic on the EUR 18 billion? Is that a small figure? Or do you have a view on that? Thank you very much.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Thanks very much, Benoit, and I try to dissect your two questions. So I will answer on strategy and the cost of risk, and then, Tanate will look at the cost side of things. But let me start with saying on cost that it will be also an important focus of myself, especially in these times.

So yeah, indeed, it has been a couple of weeks in the job. I mean -- but in this particular job, but that -- given that I have already been in the board for three years as a chief risk officer, but part of a board management team. So I'm part of -- I was part of this strategy and I will continue this strategy. And of course, we will make some -- we could make some amendments when we further develop.

But I'm behind this strategy, and I also do think, and we've seen it in the crisis that digital banking and mobile-banking first and 24/7 banking is the way to go. And the digital use of our customers went up again dramatically with 87% of interactions being pure mobile, and with 41% of our clients being only on the mobile. And now, we slowly transform our clients from assisted channels, such as chat or call center or even branches to a digital banking or to mobile banking. We have been closing branches in the Netherlands.

We continue to look at our branch footprint. I mean, some of these branches, there's only two or three customers coming for hours. So yeah, what can you do? We cannot leave them open. So the digital banking focus, the online banking focus really, really helped.

And we've also seen it, for example, in the way -- in Germany, how they are increasing fees, in the brokerage fees that we do online. We do online brokerage and that helps really in our income and also on our cost side. So that line, I will continue and I will try to accelerate and put an additional focus on even accelerating digital banking going forward to make sure that we go into the direction that we believe sustainably will be the right path for banking. Of course, there is a crisis to manage and that's, on one hand, helping clients and also discussing with clients to what extent we can help them with their loans and also have a good management and strict management on the risk cost side of things, to be prudent when it comes to extending loans to our clients, to take appropriate provision levels, and to make sure that we can dissect the winners from the losers.

Thirdly, there will be increased cost scrutiny in these times, it is logical. I mean, any CEO in this day and age would look much stricter at the cost. And so, that's what I will do as well. And last but not least, but that remains important for the banking industry overall, for society overall, but also for ING, I will also to -- continue to working on AML, that's a key priority.

It was that for ING before the 1st of July, it will remain an important priority, but also note that we need to do this effectively and efficiently.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

And Benoit, just addressing a bit on your cost question. I think clearly, if you look at our quarterly results in Q2, we have achieved absolute cost reduction. And this is also absorbing inflation increases, as well as, heightened increase in spending on compliance and KYC. Now if you look at what we have guided before with respect to cost, in market leaders, we have guided toward negative cost -- negative cost evolution.

And if you look in our Q2, that has been achieved, if you take out the goodwill impairment that has happened in Belgium, for example. In the wholesale bank, we have talked to you about the fact that we are flattening the cost growth in the wholesale bank and that has been our guidance since Q4. And now you can see in Q2 with some positive evolution from that perspective, that cost in the wholesale bank has started to decline. And within the C&G countries, again, we have said that, selectively, we would like to see cost growth as long as we see positive jaw.

Now in light of the macroeconomic situation and slowing revenue prospects, we will also be taking actions with respect to cost in the C&G world in the coming quarters. And I think overall, we just wanted to say that we will take a balanced view between looking for efficiencies at this current time and investing in our digital future that Steven is talking about. And a number of our programs are under review in terms of looking for that cost efficiency.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

I need to come back to the cost of risk and the payment holidays. If you look at the EUR 18 billion, approximately 40% is to households, so retail, 60% is to business clients. The lion's share of the payment holidays is to the Northwestern European countries. A bit over EUR 1 billion already expired and there is no meaningful higher risk costs in these loans.

We took some additional provisioning for payment holidays still outstanding. And other than that, so we remain to watch it. But currently, we have no deteriorating signals at this point.

Benoit Petrarque -- Kepler Cheuvreux -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Our next question is from Giulia Aurora Miotto of Morgan Stanley. Go ahead, please.

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Yes, hi, good morning. Can you hear me?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, very well.

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

OK, fantastic. A couple of questions from my side as well. So fees, a strong result there. Can you please run us through the main initiative that make you confident that ING can deliver on the 5% to 10% fee growth? And then secondly, less related to results per se, but basically you had an M&A consultation last week? Yeah, recently.

Any thoughts on that? And could ING be perhaps involved in cross-border M&A do you think if there are some opportunities available? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much, Giulia. I think on fees, I mean, we have clearly strong results. We've seen that for the first half year compared to the past half year, we had an over 8% increase. But if you -- let me give you also more granularity here.

I mean, we increased our brokerage fee business in various countries, but most notably Germany. And there, you see that our brokerage fee activity went up year on year with 28%. We increased our payment packages in various countries, among others, the Netherlands and Belgium, but we only did that at the end of the first quarter. So the impact is only gradually coming.

Despite the fact that we had virtually no travel and a significant decrease in payments in this quarter, obviously, we could keep our fees up. And the activity is now coming back again. We have subdued syndicated market loan activities. And when it comes back, those fees will go up as well.

We have various initiatives in the insurance space, for example, which are currently growing with our collaboration with AXA, and there, the fees are growing as well. And so -- and as you can see, historically, we consistently have delivered on our fee ambition of 5% to 10%. So in that sense, I'm confident and we see that delivering quarter by quarter. If you look at the consultation --

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Sorry, can I just follow-up on the fee bit? The increased payment packages, how -- what impact do you expect from that?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

I'll give that to Tanate.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Giulia, the fee packages that we announced in the Netherlands and Belgium, we announced a fee increase of approximately 10% to 15% in these two markets, but these packages normally are increased on an annual basis. So we take decisions if we would increase fees somewhere around October and it has an impact in the beginning of the subsequent year.

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thanks.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. Then on the M&A consultation, I mean, our strategy has been clear, which is we, first and foremost, focus on organic growth. If we look at acquisitions, we focus on certain skill sets or certain products that we do not have that can broaden and deepen the service delivery to our clients. And then, we would look at, yes, in-market consolidation because basically that gives cost synergies.

Clearly, the current landscape, as we currently see it in Europe, limits the ability for cross-border synergies on both capital and liquidity, given the compartmentalization of that in the various countries. And therefore, we find it difficult to see benefits for cross-border M&A at this point in time.

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Next question is from Benjamin Goy, Deutsche Bank. Go ahead, please.

Benjamin Goy -- Deutsche Bank Securities -- Analyst

Hi, good morning. Two questions, please, from my side. I want to follow-up on the fees, and you also, I think, repriced in Germany, for example, your payment packages. Just wondered how the experience was and whether we can expect them, per se, more pricing power in your Challenger markets as well where you have historically been, yeah, a price leader? And then secondly, I think there was a headline that you will review your dividend policy, which probably is no big surprise.

But I was just wondering whether this is part of a broader review and it might also include share buybacks con -- considering you're trading well below book value? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Let me do the question on dividends, and then, Tanate will answer the question on fees. I mean, based on the announcements by the ECB earlier this year, we basically delayed our dividend policy. So -- and therefore, we said we need to resume a dividend policy later in the year and that's what we will do in the third quarter.

We also said that already in the first quarter that we would resume our dividend policy in the third quarter or announce what our dividend policy would be going forward. So that is -- and how we will then do it, and also depending on what we are allowed to pay, we will come back with our dividend policy and the structure in which we would pay dividends. But one thing is clear and it is that we want to pay dividends to our shareholders. And hence, we also made our reservation for the second half of the year 2019 dividend that we could not pay.

And we will do that -- add that new dividend policy as part of the total capital planning review, including the management buffer that we currently have of 4.5% over our MDA level. Tanate?

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Then, Benjamin, just to reiterate the point on fee income. As Steven has mentioned, we do annual reviews on daily banking packages. We make sure that we try to take steps to sustain our investment product fees and third-party fees, as mentioned on our joint venture with AXA. Now to address your question specifically on the category of fees that we call behavior fees, whereby, for example, in Germany, we said that we would start charging payment package fees of approximately EUR 5 per month unless you actually bring your salary accounts to ING.

In those instances and this is just an example for Germany. Probably about a third of our customers, actually who were not primary customer, decided to become primary customer. So start bringing regular income into their account, so they go from non-primary to become primary. A certain proportion of our clients, about a third as well, decided not to be primary customer, but agreed to pay the EUR 5 per month in fees, and the remainder have decided to leave ING as a client.

So it's -- I think, overall, we are quite happy with this evolution.

Benjamin Goy -- Deutsche Bank Securities -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Following question is from Mr. Johan Ekblom of UBS. Go ahead, please.

Johan Ekblom -- UBS -- Analyst

Thank you. Just coming back to some comments you made in terms of growth ambitions. And I guess, should we expect any change in terms of where you would like to focus on growth? You talked about the challenges in growth markets. But if we look back over the last two years, you clearly put the brakes on a bit in wholesale, etc.

Is it a continuation of that strategy? Is it an acceleration of that strategy? Or how should we think about?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Thanks, Johan. I presume that's the question that you have. So, I mean, we will have a continuation of that strategy.

So, we already a couple of years ago, said that we saw some risks creeping into the wholesale banking books. I mean, structures were deteriorating. We're becoming looser. The demands were getting bigger.

We saw in some sectors that we were not really -- the risk was not really priced in. And hence, we start to put caps on books. We start to put caps on leverage book. We started to put caps on the real estate finance book.

We started to run off some of the books to the extent we could in the oil and gas and drilling sectors. And yeah, that will -- that we will continue. And obviously -- and we've also seen it in the previous crisis, at some point in time, there was a reversal, and then, the structure become tighter again. Then, the pricing goes up again, and then, we can again grow that.

But for now, we will keep quite strict in the wholesale banking side, especially when there's a lot of volatility. We need to be prudent there and that's what we will continue to do. And at the same point in time, we said we want to diversify our loan book. We want to diversify our business.

And hence, we are doing that in different Europe fees, among our C&G, among our -- in consumer lending, and that's what we have been doing over the past couple of years and that's what we will continue. Now I see while I'm talking that Johan's connection was lost. That's why he didn't hear it, but I hope all of you have heard it. So I suggest we move to the next analyst and when he returns, he may have a second question.

Operator

Thank you, sir. The next question is Tarik El Mejjad from Bank of America. Go ahead, please.

Tarik El Mejjad -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hi, good morning. A couple of quick questions, please. First, on the NII. Could you give us an indication how the behavior of retail and corporate customers in terms of deposits and how the EUR 21 billion significant increase in deposits in Q2 could reverse in the next month? And second question is on capital, I think, if you could give us a breakdown, already quite significant in terms of capital and RWA evolution.

But my question is on the CRR2.5, what did you take in there in terms of semi-supporting factor and the rest of the small components? And on Basel IV. So is it fair to think that once you take the divisional default, the EUR 10 billion you booked in Q1, and then, the now -- the whole EUR 13 billion TRIM, that that majority, I guess, for RWA inflation related to Basel IV, I think, they're still only like 20 or 30 basis points to go and you'd be fully loaded Basel IV. Is that correct? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Let me take the questions on capital and RWA, and then, we will also discuss the fees -- sorry, the deposits. If you look at the capital benefit we had from the CRR2.5 regulation, it was approximately 25 basis points benefit. So the lion's share came from management actions, but 25 basis points came from the new regulation. If you look at RWA, I think you make a valid point.

I think that DoD was a significant impact. We had the -- with the large corporate model and the EUR 13 billion you mentioned, you remember that well because we reversed EUR 6.6 billion of that, but now we put it in again. Then most of the TRIM missions, we've had our letters, if you will. There are -- there were two letters to come, but these are on relatively small books, so the impact there from an overall point of view will be benign.

And then the last step would be the Basel IV outcome, whether it then comes 2022, 2023, or even later, is unclear. But we expect the impact of the eventual Basel IV to be limited. And hence, we are very confident with our current capital level with the most and the large majority of the impact already having taken that. Tanate, on the customer deposits?

Tarik El Mejjad -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

If I may, just on the capital -- sorry.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Clearly, the visibilty --

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Sorry, Tarik, did you say something?

Tarik El Mejjad -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Yes, sorry, just on the CRR2.5 before we move to deposits. So the 25 bps, if that takes into account the software and the SME, so nothing -- and the IFRS 9 you took it, I saw that in the capital bit. On the --

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. It takes into account SME. It does not take into -- the SME support factor, if you will, it does not take into account software.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Tarik, the software, the RTS is still being debated. We expect that to be issued during the course of Q3 and will be applicable in Q4, and we've given some estimate that we think will benefit anywhere from 10 to 12 to 15 basis points from the software.

Tarik El Mejjad -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Operator

So our next question is from Johan Ekblom, UBS. Go ahead, please, sir.

Johan Ekblom -- UBS -- Analyst

Thank you. Sorry, I was cut off -- my line cut off before, but you don't need to repeat it. I think I got most of it. Just a second question in terms of the TLTRO impact.

How should we expect that to be accounted for, you know, given the growth dynamics we're seeing? Will you book it on a recurring basis and then adjust at the end? Or will you wait until the end to book the benefit, etc.?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Thanks, Johan. By the way, say hello to Ralph there for me when you speak to him. So the first question we already answered.

But on the second question, on the TLTRO, I will give it to Tanate.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

I think in the TLTRO, there's really three component parts that you need to think about. Clearly, first, the magnitude of the TLTRO we mentioned that we have taken approximately EUR 60 billion of that funding. The second is the confidence level that we have with respect to maintaining at least zero growth in the portfolio. And currently, we do expect that we can actually encourage loan growth to basically be more than zero.

And then the third point is, of course, as long as we can deploy into the relevant amount, the margin will be attractive. And if we can't deploy, we can still place the money, for example, with the ECB and have a margin on this funding of approximately 50 basis points. That's how it would be done. From an accounting treatment, I guess it really depends on the level of confidence that we would have with respect to loan growth and we'll inform you in subsequent quarters on that.

Johan Ekblom -- UBS -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question is from Mr. Kiri Vijayarajah of HSBC. Go ahead, please.

Kiri Vijayarajah -- HSBC -- Analyst

Yes. Good morning, everyone. So you alluded a couple of times to pricing discipline and you talked about fee packages, deposit repricing. But I'm curious to what extent you've been repricing on the loan side? And is it more than just saying no to loans from just a risk perspective in the wholesale bank? So just some color on where you sort of demonstrated pricing discipline, if you like, on the lending side.

And then, just a quick follow-up on the capital management actions you've done this quarter on the RWAs. Just to what extent does that flow through onto the Basel IV ratio? Or were those levers more skewed toward really improving the Basel III ratio, the EUR 11.5 billion of RWA mitigation done this quarter? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much, Kiri. First, on the repricing on the loan side. I mean, yeah, on the one hand, it's just a matter of discipline to not price loans, whereby, there is too much pricing pressure to make an adequate return. And for example, you see that in countries like Belgium, whereby, if there are sometimes pricing pressure on the mortgage book, yeah, then we will not go along and the mortgage will decrease a little bit.

But we will stick to pricing discipline to go for return, not for size. Now if you now look overall on the book, you see that on mortgages, our lending margins on the overall book went up on business lending. So mid-corporate and SME, it went down a little bit and wholesale banking has stayed approximately flat. But while it doesn't stay flat because on the one hand, we increase our discipline in pricing for these project loans, but what you do see is that there are less projects and less project loans and less trade finance.

There is a heightened demand in our recurring credit facilities and our corporate facilities, and these typically go at lower rates. So on average, therefore, the wholesale banking margin stays flat. So it's a move from one's book to the other. Now then to the capital -- the management actions on RWA.

To our extent, it's a full-loaded Basel IV implications. Yeah, it does in that sense, since we are -- if you look at the Basel IV regulation, largely hit, if you will, by the input factors and less by the output factors. And that's why we have said that the lion's share of what Basel IV will do and the TRIM missions are actually a prelude to, in that sense, Basel IV, that because of our dependency on the input factors rather than output factors, the lion's share over 80%, and I think now, it's more than 90% at this point in time, of Basel impact will come as a result of TRIM missions and remodeling and DoD. So in that essence, the answer is yes.

Kiri Vijayarajah -- HSBC -- Analyst

Great. Thanks.

Operator

Our next question is from Anke Reingen from RBC. Go ahead, please.

Anke Reingen -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Yeah. Thank you for taking my question. The first one is on loan growth. A number of banks have talked about the recovery in demand in June and some also mentioned July.

So I just wonder what you have seen in terms of demand coming back. And then secondly, on your update on capital with Q3 results. I'm a bit confused as in what you can actually say, given the ECB is unlikely to have commented by that point. Is it about potentially reallocating capital within the group, capital return? And should we also expect this to be part of a broader review of your targets, having taken over your role now? Thank you very much.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much. I mean, on loan demand coming back. Yeah, it's early days, but we see it going back a little bit. I mean, the same goes for payments.

Payments were quite down in April and May. Points of sales were down in April and May. ATM withdrawals were down in April and May. ATM withdrawals are still a bit down, so we increasingly see we go to a less cash society, and not necessarily a cashless society, but less cash society.

But that -- the payments we see coming back, and if you see payments coming back, you can also expect loan growth to come back. By the way, there is good demand in the mortgage market, that has continued. It's a matter of pricing, whether we will take it or not. But as -- when the economic activity recovers, you can also -- we expect that working capital levels will increase.

And with that -- in that extent, the loan demand is expected to come back a little bit. But it's early days and it also depends, of course, on how the lockdown will progress. Yeah. In terms of capital plan, the ECB has given advice not to pay dividends in 2020, but it does not preclude us to have a dividend policy.

So basically, here we adjourned our dividend policy until the third quarter of this year. And so, we are going to come back to you with our new capital plan. And in that new capital plan, we also will state to you our dividend policy going forward, whether changing or not. And of course, in that, we also will say something about buybacks because we do not exclude buybacks, yeah, to some extent.

But again, that's just in a general -- a general statement. It's not illogical to look at buybacks at the below book valuation.

Anke Reingen -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Thank you and would you also review your ROE targets at that point? Or is that for a later point?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

We have -- at this point in time, I have no intention to change our ROE target.

Anke Reingen -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

OK. Thank you very much.

Operator

The next question is from Daphne Tsang, Redburn Europe Limited. Go ahead, please. [Operator instructions] Ms. Daphne Tsang, can you hear us? We will go further to the next question.

Ms. Daphne Tsang, can you hear us?

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

Hi, welcome to the role. I've got two questions. Hi, can you hear me? Hello?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, we can hear you. Yes. Hi, Daphne.

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

Hi, welcome to the role. I've got a couple, if I may. First, on NII. You expect that your flat NII guidance, which is quite [Inaudible] in the current environment, but that sort of implies that you need higher NII in H2 versus H1.

Is that correct? You mentioned that you expect --

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Sorry, Daphne. Daphne, sorry, you seem to be very far from the microphone. So we have trouble hearing you. Can you get a bit closer to the mic, please?

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

Yes, yes, sure. Hi, is now -- is now better?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

It's much better. Thank you.

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

OK. OK. Thank you. I'll repeat my question.

First one on NII. To meet your flat NII targets year on year, it [Inaudible] implies that you will need a higher NII in H2 versus H1. You mentioned earlier that you expect loan to improve in the second half. But I'm just wondering how about -- how about your margin.

I appreciate you've got some -- you have already given some comments earlier, but you mentioned pricing discipline and TLTRO, which offset your liability drag. So is it fair to say that the H2 mean should improve from the current low level of 144 bps? You previously guided 140 bps for H1 and you -- high 140 bps in H1 and you're kind of just below. So what's the outlook on H2, please, on NIM? And on TLTRO III, how much more room you could increase from the current EUR 60 billion level taken in June? And my second question on cost. Where do you see costs going in H2 and beyond? Your previous remarks about a serious -- taking a serious look into the cost is very encouraging.

Are you -- are you looking to achieving net cost reduction in 2020 or from 2021 onwards, given that the growth opportunity in near term is quite limited? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much, Daphne. These are all good questions on the P&L side. So I will give the floor to Tanate. So it's the NIM, it's TLTRO, it's costs.

Go ahead, Tanate.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Daphne, I think if you look at our NIM evolution during the course of Q2, you can see that it is declining from 1.51% to 1.44%, but that's really driven by the balance sheet extension that you have seen in Q2, right? Partly because of the revolving credit facility that were taken by our wholesale bank, which comes with a margin, which is approximately 50% less than a normal blended portfolio of loans we extend in the wholesale bank and also the extension of our balance sheet by increased funding to the Central Bank because of the taking up the TLTRO III. But if you adjust for that on a pro forma basis, our net interest margin is approximately 1.48%, right? So we do see a drop, but not as dramatic as perhaps the number would indicate. And I think looking forward about how we would expect things to evolve, again, I reiterate. It's really depending on, to a degree, maintaining and we will maintain price discipline.

We will take actions, also, with respect to lowering deposit rates in our non-Eurozone market, already announced plans to charge negative rates to, for example, private banking type customers in the Netherlands and Midcorps in Belgium. And I think with those actions, together with TLTRO, we hope that we can maintain that stable NII going over the next few quarters. Having said that, you asked about T -- TLTRO plans of EUR 60 billion. Currently, we are happy with our liquidity position and we don't have any current plans to increase that for the time being.

Now respect to costs, again, we are taking steps with respect to cost. We are taking -- you can see there that our cost evolution is good in the second quarter of the year with absolute cost declines in all of our major divisions. And we will continue to look at that, whether it's in our channels, branches, other types of channels given the digitization that we have seen. But again, we will balance that with investment in our digital future so it will be a balance between the two.

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question is from Mr. Omar Fall, Barclays. Go ahead, sir.

Omar Fall -- Barclays Investment Bank -- Analyst

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. So just two, based on costs. So on the EUR 44 million decline in underlying costs, you know, ex the restructuring charge, can you just give us a sense of the scale of the three elements you mentioned, the cost savings versus bonuses versus CLA increases? I -- I just don't really understand why you haven't seen the very sizable COVID-related savings that your peers are all seeing in areas like travel or marketing, etc.

You know, many of your peers are down almost double digits year on year in the retail businesses, which is very far from you. And then similarly, if you could just update us on the Unite plan and where all that stands? Is it effectively on hold for the foreseeable future as we go through the crisis? I see Belgium seems to be down just 3% in terms of costs on an underlying basis. I know that affects both Belgium and Netherlands, but an update on that would be helpful. Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you very much, Omar. I'll take the update on Unite, and then, Tanate will give you an answer on the costs. I think on Unite, so there, we have already done the majority of what we need to do under that program. We integrated record bank in our bank in Belgium.

We decreased the number of branches in Belgium by half. We have put all of our active retail customers on the OneWeb environment from Belgium to the same OneWeb environment as the Netherlands. We're currently in the process of putting all the retail clients on the OneApp environment in Belgium. And today, that's approximately 170,000 and it will continue.

And by the end of the year or early next year, we will have migrated all those clients. We will then continue also to put our business clients on the OneWeb environment and we started with that as well. And then, what we can then do is that we then will put new offerings. So for example, what we're currently doing is an insurance offering that we then can put on that same OneApp and OneWeb environment for both countries in one go.

So therefore, we do not only have a larger number of clients on one IT system and one customer integration layer and one customer experience layer, but we give them a better digital experience by offering solutions on that one platform. And that we will continue going forward and that will continue beyond the Unite program. So the lion's share of the Unite program, we will taper off in 2020 and 2021. But the benefit from it, both from a digital experience in revenue and cost point of view, will then continue to come.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

So then Omar, to address your questions on cost evolution. I think the collective label agreement or wage inflation varies from market to market. But on a blended basis for ING, it's anywhere between 2.5% and 3%. I think that's addressing part of your question.

The second one, we do recognize that some of our peers have been reducing variable compensation, which has resulted in, maybe a sharp reduction in their expense line. But I think ING, as you know, are not really big on variable compensation so that hasn't been a major factor in terms of our cost decline in the second half of the year. And then the third thing, which I want to remind you is that we are still in the path of taking steps to improve our KYC environment within ING. And that if you look year on year, the KYC expenses actually went from EUR 98 million to EUR 134 million.

And to remind you, we have given guidance that during the course of 2020, we expect the total expenses that we will take on KYC to be approximately EUR 600 million. And again, within that EUR 600 million, approximately half, we currently pay either to external consultants or management consultants and we would expect that going forward. We will make efficiencies there as well.

Omar Fall -- Barclays Investment Bank -- Analyst

Thank you. So, Steven, on the [Inaudible] on Unite, so your predecessor used to tell us that there'd be a kind of hockey-stick effect with the sizable savings to come, you know, kind of, 2021, 2022, as the systems were decommissioned following all the elements of implementation that you've just highlighted. Are you basically saying that that process is still ongoing and that decommissioning process in 2021 and '22 will lead to those sizable savings? Or you're basically saying that everything is, kind of, in the base of costs from here? Any -- and any potential savings from the plan are going to be marginal?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Omar. I think that -- what my predecessor said, that in the beginning of the process when we started in 2016, we would look at centralization of our core banking systems. And then after some time in 2018, '19, we said, well, basically, on the one hand, it is very difficult to centralize those systems. On the other hand, we also can now make use of APIs to actually draw data and products from our core banking systems into our customer integration and experience layer to, in an easier way, realize a one platform environment in the Benelux.

So we will continue to decommission systems. Not all systems can be decommissioned, but for some products, it's easier to decommission than not. But it is increasingly focused on harmonization, standardization, delivering a better digital experience and a front layer, and that will deliver savings, not necessarily by big bang in decommissioning the core banking systems.

Omar Fall -- Barclays Investment Bank -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks a lot.

Operator

Our next question is from Mr. Raul Sinha of JP Morgan. Go ahead, please.

Raul Sinha -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Good morning, gentlemen. Thank you for taking my questions. If I could just follow up on a couple of points, please. The first one slightly detailed on the oil and gas book Stage 3 ratio seems to have picked up materially in the second quarter, now 7.8%, even if I adjust for the trade finance book in Q1.

Steven, I was wondering if you could discuss what you're seeing here, given the recovery in oil prices? And how you might be looking to proactively manage the risk in this book? And then related point on frauds, I think we had the discussion in the last quarter as well when there was a big fraud in Asia. Now you have a big fraud in Europe. I was just wondering what lessons the group is taking away from what we are seeing in terms of fraud. And then just very quickly, just to follow-up on the dividend discussion.

I'm not sure if I missed this. I'm gathering that the progressive dividend payout policy of the yield, obviously, is behind us now. And this view that you're flagging at Q3 is to set a, sort of, new policy. In that context, do you think that there are merits in a, sort of, U.S.

model where bank dividend payout ratios are low, but then they have the flexibility to use buybacks? Is that the sort of direction you should think the sector should be heading toward, given what we've seen in the pandemic? Just some thoughts would be useful. Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Thanks, Raul. If you look at oil and gas, indeed, taking out -- if you look at the Stage 3 ratio that's 7.8%, that is for the bigger oil and gas portfolio. And if we then take out, let's say, the trading part of it, or the non-directly oil price-related part of it, largely, the 7.8% relates to that's EUR 4.5 billion, right? So if you then do the math, you basically do see, and I refer to what I said in the first quarter, then, I said that we moved the entire U.S.

oil and gas book to Stage 2 and that book is around EUR 1.5 billion. Now if you look at that 7.8% and you do the math, it pretty well resembles that book. So what do you take from that? Yes, that book is a difficult part of the book. But again -- and that comes in line with what we said in the previous quarter, it is, therefore, also that book and not something else.

So if you look at the broader oil and gas portfolio that we highlight on that page, there we don't see that many issues. It is really focused on that EUR 4.5 billion and that's where we see the provision taken. Now if you look at one of the later pages in the deck, you're seeing one of the bar charts that we took provisions in the natural resources space that is largely that oil and gas parts, including the -- including offshore and drilling. That relates to the 7.8% amount.

So with a number of the names in Stage 2 and some of the names in Stage 3 continuing to move and taking higher provisions, we do expect that the provisions on oil and gas in the next half year will go down. Then on fraud or the fraud case, yeah, well, my first comment is people should stop defrauding other people, and that's step one, of course. But if you look at in the ING book, the previous frauds we have seen were focused on the trade and commodity finance book. And there was one is -- one quarter one -- in the fourth quarter last year.

Now what we have done there is that increasingly, we look at transactionally secured exposure. So we're looking at our policies because we do have, I would say, control teams that do checks on the traffic that goes on the bills of laying that we have, documentation that there is. So there is all things going on to look at the lineage, if you will, the end-to-end transactional dealings going on in trade and commodity finance parts. However, over the course of the years, you see that the structures have been weakening to some extent and we're reintroducing the strict structures, and we call that TCF 1.0.

And so, we go back to where market went to back to TCF 1.0. Then on -- at the same point in time, in that business, we are also experimenting with blockchain because blockchain is in terms of an end-to-end payment system, especially for trade, much safer than all the paper floating around on a global basis. And so, the ability to defraud is much lower when we can use the blockchain technology. And with some other players in the TCF space, we are currently experimenting with that.

So the fraud in TCF was, therefore, we have seen a few of these cases. Yeah, what we now see and the further we have for this quarter, is a complete one-off scenario. Many institutions, many organizations, many accountants, many regulators are hurt by that. It's just a matter of, in that sense, knowing business models.

And in terms of that sector, we have very, very little other exposure in the other business -- in that business sector. And actually, we decreased it to almost a negligible amount. On dividends, I think we have just delayed our dividend policy in light of the measures that were taken by the ECB and the advice that they have given us. We will resume with the dividend policy in the two thou -- in third quarter of this year.

Yeah, it could go in several directions. And of course, I note that also the U.S. banks with a lower dividend policy and share buybacks, all options are on the table and we'll come back to that in the third quarter.

Raul Sinha -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Next question is from Mr. Farquhar Murray, Autonomous. Go ahead, please, sir.

Farquhar Murray -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Morning, gentlemen, and just two questions, if I may. And actually, I'll apologize. The first is a little bit of an echo of Raul's question there on the dividend. So my question there is, can you just outline what the key considerations are going to be that will feed into that kind of dividend policy revisit? And perhaps maybe to start from your perspective, what are the pros and cons of the previous and present charges, so we get a bit of a sense of what you might regard as things that are worth changing? And then secondly, apologies if I missed it, but what is the current fully loaded Basel IV position? And are you suggesting that as of today, basically Basel III and Basel IV are now essentially the same? Thanks.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Sorry, Farquhar, can you repeat the second question, please?

Farquhar Murray -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Yeah. Sorry. So basically, the second question is on Basel IV. I'm just kind of wanting an update on the current fully loaded Basel IV position? And essentially, whether you're saying that Basel III reported and Basel IV are now essentially the same?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

So on Basel IV, let me put it this way. If the TRIM missions are behind us, and of course, we've not taken additional step on one of the main TRIM missions by taking additional EUR 6.6 billion. But once we are done with the TRIM missions, we get to two more letters on smaller portfolios, but the impact on that will be limited. But then 90% of the total Basel IV impact we will have had.

Then on the -- and the Basel IV impact, I just lumped them together. It's a bit apples and oranges, but if you look at DoD TRIM remaining Basel IV, all of that, then, 90% is already behind us. Then on the key considerations -- oh, yeah, sorry, maybe, I should add, that's where I'm hesitating. That Basel IV end part of it, that's the remaining 10%, is not certain yet.

So we have taken all the input factors, but Basel IV is still under discussion. It was first in 2022, then, it would be 2023, and currently still under discussion when it will be implemented, so we do not know. But we know the rules that if they were implemented, what the impact would be, and in that sense, the 90% stands. The key considerations that will feed into our new policy are not different than what I answered to Raul.

Maybe one thing to add there, we're looking into -- to what extent the new MDA level has structural elements in them, given the new regulations and the relief that has been given by the ECB. And to that extent, that could have an impact on our dividend policy as well and to our capital levels.

Farquhar Murray -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

All right. Thanks much.

Operator

Next question is from Robin van den Broek, Mediobanca. Go ahead, sir.

Robin van den Broek -- Mediobanca -- Analyst

Yes. Good morning, everybody. Thank you for taking my questions. First one is on a -- I noticed on press that you are putting some pressure on your external FTE providers to take lower wages.

I was wondering, given you had a pretty sizable external FTE base, whether that could have an impact in Q3 already. And then, maybe a bit more specifically on the TLTRO takeup. I think the implied benefit could be EUR 150 million per quarter. Is that what we should expect in Q3 to come through? And then, that benefit to dissipate a little bit longer-term on the back of continued margin pressure? I was just thinking about the shorter-term dynamics there.

And on Project Unite, I think in the past, you always have the longer-term view to integrate even more countries on the same platforms. Now though, it's being a little bit different than you anticipated on the firsthand for Belgium and the Netherlands, is this still going ahead? Are you expecting to still add more countries on that same platform longer term? Or is the country differences, are they too big basically to make that happen? Thank you.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. It's -- thanks, Robin. I think from the -- on Unite or on Maggie, so let's say that's the Challengers & Growth countries. We have increasingly have focused on building a customer integration layer, so a front-end integration, and we always call it an intermediate step.

So we will continue with harmonization and digitization to offer a better digital experience so the new propositions can be put on that OneApp or OneWeb environment immediately across a number of countries. That does not necessarily mean centralization. So you do not need to centralize all your systems to create the same experience for your clients and put new propositions in one goal on an integrated app or web environment. Then on TLTRO and lower wages, I'll give it to Tanate.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Then, just maybe to address your question on external staff. First of all, our external staff community is significant and we always treat them with a lot of respect and very similar to our employees. Having said that, we are asking them indeed for temporary cut in tariffs, right? Given the COVID situation and slowing down of a number of projects. So it's a combination of tariff cuts and a reduction in absolute number of external staff that we deal with.

And in addition, we're looking, of course, at changing mix, right? So how many of these external staff do we deploy in our home markets in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany? And where we deploy them in other lower cost markets, for example, in Poland, or in Manila. So it's a combination of factors, but indeed, it is part of the plans to actually get better efficiencies there. In terms of your question on TLTRO benefits, as I mentioned before, we have taken roughly EUR 60 billion. And if we can maintain zero loan growth or better, we benefit at least 50 basis points.

But of course, if we can deploy those funds lending to our customers, then the benefit would be larger.

Robin van den Broek -- Mediobanca -- Analyst

And I think in the past on TLTRO, you were able to book just the full rate basically immediately on the back of your growth history. Does that apply now as well? Or is it more conservative approaches?

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

I think those conversations are ongoing. The threshold, given that the TLTRO III is coming with a deeper discount from a funding perspective, I think we would like to give you an update in Q3 based on what we see other institutions do in discussion with our accountants.

Robin van den Broek -- Mediobanca -- Analyst

OK. And I guess on the external FTE base, there's no quantification behind what we could expect there.

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

No, we don't disclose external FTEs externally. But rest assured, we're asking in many of our home markets for these types of arrangements with our external suppliers.

Robin van den Broek -- Mediobanca -- Analyst

OK. Cheers, guys. Thanks.

Operator

We have another question from Stefan Nedialkov, Citi. Go ahead, sir.

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

Yeah. Hi, guys. It's me again. Just wanted to follow-up on the digital proposition here.

Obviously, over the years, you have been mentioning and emphasizing some partnerships, like the scalable capital in Germany, which I believe, is now being extended. We have AXA. You guided to around EUR 1 billion of fees over 10 years. Now you're announcing the Amazon partnership in Germany for small businesses.

Are you ready to give us more color in terms of the percentage of fees that are derived from these digital partnerships and the outlook for next year and beyond?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I think that had -- what we can disclose about is that that one thing is clear is that these digital partnerships and the broadening of our service to our clients becomes more important. So we are diversifying away from net intrans -- net interest income. And in that sense, we either do that by developing new services ourselves, such as a brokerage channel by setting up fintech ventures ourselves, such as Yolt or by collaborating with external partners.

Now we have close to 200 of these fintech partners. We're very pleased in this case as with Amazon. We have an exclusive partnership to -- for their seller portal to provide loans to the sellers that come onto their platform. It's again a sign of strength and the way that ING is perceived also by the strong fintechs in the world as a strong digital player.

And in the past, people ask us, oh, don't you see the fintechs as a threat? But yeah, on the one hand, they can be a threat. But on the other hand, they're also good in terms of collaborating to further develop businesses. And in that sense, it also helps us in our ambition of the 5% to 10% fee growth per annum and is only a testament to that ambition going forward.

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

And Steven, are you able to put a number around that? Like are we talking about 5% of total fees right now coming from these partnerships, 10%, more than that?

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

It will be a ramp up. So we start and have -- so with AXA, we started last year. With Scalable, we started two years ago. With Amazon, we started the 1st of July.

The first loans are in and this will be a ramp up and will become a more important part going forward.

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

OK. Thank you.

Operator

We have no further questions, sir. Please continue.

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. Thank you very much. With that, I would do a wrap-up. One second, please.

So thanks very much for the questions. And to summarize, we continue our efforts to help our customers, employees, and society to deal with the effects of COVID-19. At the same time, we continue to work on countering financial and economic crime, as it remains a priority, not only in my previous role, but also in this role. The current environment reinforces our belief that we're on the right strategic path.

And we've seen that now also in the COVID-19 crisis with our digital model enabling us to continue to grow primary customers and keep NII stable. Loan demand was affected by COVID-19, stronger mortgages still. However, reduced demand, mainly coming from business customers. Pre-provision result was very resilient, supported by our focus on pricing discipline, good fee income and cost control, and risk costs were impacted by substantially collected provisioning in Stage 1 and Stage 2 to reflect worsened macroeconomic indicators.

But as I said, the lion's share of that has to do with these indicators. And as a result, risk cost came in well above the -- through the cycle average. When these current macroeconomic indicators remain unchanged, we believe that we have taken the majority and the bulk of the provisioning for this year. And for the second half of 2020, we expect risk costs to go down compared to the level in the first half.

The common equity Tier 1 ratio was strong at 15%. Yeah, if we compare that to banks that have not included -- that have included the dividend for the second half of 2019 in their capital, our pro forma capital would stand at 15.5%, but we do not intend to include that in capital, but we intend to pay it out as a dividend. And we will come up with an updated capital plan and dividend policy in the third-quarter results. We remain very confident that we are well-positioned to face headwinds.

We have a very stable income base, with growing fee income, strong capital position, solid funding base, as well as, a low Stage 3 ratio. And with that, I thank you very much for your attention, for your good questions, for the interaction, and I wish you a very good day. Thank you.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 101 minutes

Call participants:

Steven Van Rijswijk -- Chief Executive Officer

Stefan Nedialkov -- Citi -- Analyst

Tanate Phutrakul -- Interim Chief Risk Officer

Benoit Petrarque -- Kepler Cheuvreux -- Analyst

Giulia Aurora Miotto -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Benjamin Goy -- Deutsche Bank Securities -- Analyst

Johan Ekblom -- UBS -- Analyst

Tarik El Mejjad -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Kiri Vijayarajah -- HSBC -- Analyst

Anke Reingen -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Daphne Tsang -- Redburn Europe Limited -- Analyst

Omar Fall -- Barclays Investment Bank -- Analyst

Raul Sinha -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Farquhar Murray -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst

Robin van den Broek -- Mediobanca -- Analyst

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