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Aflac Inc (AFL -0.21%)
Q3Â 2020 Earnings Call
Oct 28, 2020, 9:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
- Prepared Remarks
- Questions and Answers
- Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day everyone and welcome to the Aflac Third Quarter 2020 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to turn the call over to your host, David Young, Vice President of Aflac Incorporated Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
David A. Young -- Vice President, Investor Relations
Thank you, Adrian. Good morning and welcome to Aflac Incorporated third quarter earnings call. As always, we have posted our earnings release and financial supplement to investors.aflac.com. This morning, we will be hearing remarks about the quarter as well as our operations in Japan and the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dan Amos Chairman and CEO of Aflac Incorporated will begin with an overview of our operations in Japan and the US. Fred Crawford, President and CEO of Aflac Incorporated will then touch briefly on conditions in the third quarter and discuss how we are navigating the pandemic, including some key initiatives. Max Broden, Executive Vice President and CFO of Aflac Incorporated will then conclude our prepared remarks with a summary of third quarter financial results and current capital and liquidity.
Joining us this morning during the Q&A portion are members of our executive management team in the US. Teresa White, President of Aflac US; Eric Kirsch, Global Chief Investment Officer and President of Aflac Global Investments; Rich Williams, Chief Distribution Officer; Al Riggieri, Chief Risk Officer and Chief Actuary; June Howard, Chief Accounting Officer; and Steve Beaver, CFO of Aflac US. We are also joined by members of our executive management team in Tokyo at Aflac Life Insurance Japan. Charles Lake, Chairman and Representative Director, President of Aflac International; Masatoshi Koide, President and Representative Director; Todd Daniels, Director and CFO; and Koji Ariyoshi, Director and Head of Sales and Marketing.
Before we begin, some statements in this teleconference are forward-looking within the meaning of federal securities laws. Although we believe these statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that they will prove to be accurate because they are prospective in nature. Actual results could differ materially from those we discuss today. We encourage you to look at our annual report on Form 10-K for some of the various risk factors that could materially impact our results. As I mentioned earlier, the earnings release is available on investors.aflac.com and includes reconciliations of certain non-US GAAP measures.
I'll now hand the call over to Dan. Dan?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, David and good morning. Thank you for joining us. As we all know COVID-19 pandemic as lasted in some of the most difficult times for so many people around the globe, and we continue to pray for all those affected. I'd like to share my appreciation for our employees and sales force in Japan and the United States for their tireless work in helping our policyholders and communities impacted by the pandemic. During this difficult time, it's important to note, that we remain focused on doing what we do best, that is providing protection products to help consumers when they need it most.
This morning I'll provide an overview of the quarter and how we performed by operating segments. Financially, backlog continues to be impacted by the pandemic, but remain strong in terms of capital and liquidity. In addition, our investments are high-quality diversified and they are among the highest return on capital and lowest cost of capital in the industry. Amid the challenges of COVID-19, this quarter was also significantly impacted by the release of favorable US tax regulations related to the utilization of foreign tax credits. You'll recall that our Japanese subsidiary is taxed as a US domestic company for US tax purposes. In the quarter, we recognized a cumulative year-to-date benefit from these regulations of $202 million or $0.28 per share compared to our previous run rate. Max will provide additional details.
Turning to our operations starting with Aflac Japan, the effects of COVID-19 continues noticeably impacted our results, as seen in the third quarter, with sales decreasing 32%. We continue to have around 50% of the workforce working from home in Japan and in September, traffic coming into the shops remained at 70% of pre-pandemic levels. While these sales results represent sequential improvements relative to the last quarter, the effects of the reduced face-to-face activities are evident and we continue to promote virtual sales. 2020 as also ushered in a change on the Japanese political front.
Prime Minister, Abe, was Japan's longest serving Prime Minister and a source of political stability with nearly eight years in office. Mr. Suga, was a core member of Abe's administration leadership team, serving as the Chief Cabinet Secretary. We believe Mr. Suga's administration will carry on skilled leader skill. This will continue to promote a good business environment in Japan and emphasize policies and terms of the response to the COVID-19 and economic policies. Prime Minister Suga is accelerating efforts to move toward -- to move forward with regulatory reforms for a post-pandemic world, promoting digital transformation. In that respect, I'm pleased that flagged Japan's paperless initiatives is well under way and Fred will share more.
Turning to Aflac US. The effects of COVID-19 continued to noticeably impact our results in this segment as well, largely due to the reduced face-to-face activity, third quarter sales were down 35.7%. In the US, we continue to feel the impact of temporary business closures and lack of access to the work side, especially among our career agents who have historically relied upon face-to-face meetings to engage our small business owners and their employees. At the same time, the fourth quarter, typically when we see strong results and the broker driven group market, which is generally been more resilient to face-to-face to not face-to-face conditions. As a result, we remain cautiously optimistic for modest sequential sales improvement for Aflac US in the fourth quarter compared to the second and third quarter, contingent upon the pace of the economic recovery.
We are also on track to close our acquisition of Zurich Group business benefits soon, which allows us to extend our distribution reach and appeal to brokers and large employers, while having little effect on the fourth quarter, the acquisition positions us more expanded capacity as we look forward to 2021. To place Aflac in a position of strength, we know that we must balance investing in growth with an eye toward reducing expenses in the long run. As such, we took an opportunity to offer a very generous voluntary separation package to eligible employees who expressed an interest. As a result we have achieved an approximate 9% reduction in our US and corporate workforce with expected one-time expenses of $45 million in the fourth quarter. This allowed us to thank employees for their years of faithful service and dedication as they pursue a new path or open up the next chapter.
You'll recall that the US benefit ratio was significantly affected by policyholders limited visits to the doctor. With this in mind, we lost the US initiatives early in the third quarter to remind policyholders of the value of their wellness benefits attached to their products. The wellness benefits pays on certain routine doctor, dentist and hospitalizations visits. In addition, we made sure that it pays a benefit for COVID-19 testing. The wellness initiative has been a success. We are glad we emphasized this important aspect of our policies as it reinforces how we are there for the policyholder when they need us most. This wellness campaign and the voluntary separation programs are a couple of near term headwinds to the profit margin. However, we expect that they will serve us well as we enter 2021.
To conclude our operational discussion, as I've said before, we want to be where the people want to purchase insurance. That applies to both Japan and the US. In the past, this is meeting face-to-face with individuals to understand their situation, propose a solution and closed the sale. However, the pandemic clearly demonstrates the need for virtual means. In other words, non-face-to-face sales to reach potential customers and provide them with the protection that they need. Therefore we have accelerated investments to enhance the tools available to our distribution in both countries.
As always, we are committed to prudent liquidity and capital management. This includes maintaining strong capital ratios on behalf of the policyholders in both the US and Japan and a tactical approach to capital allocation. It goes without saying that we treasure our record of dividend growth. With the fourth quarter declaration 2020 will mark the 38th consecutive year of dividend increases. Our dividend track record is supported by the strength of our capital and cash flows. At the same time we have remained tactical in our approach to share repurchase, buying back $400 million of our shares in the third quarter. We have also focused on integrating the growth investments that we have made in our platform. By doing so, we look to emerge from this period of continued position of strength and leadership. As always, we are working to achieve our earnings per share objective, while also ensuring we deliver on our promise to our policyholders. We look forward to going into greater detail on our strategic growth plans and efforts to drive efficiency at the Financial Analyst Briefing Conference Call in a few weeks.
So now, I'd like to turn the program over to Fred. Fred?
Frederick J. Crawford -- President, Chief Operating Officer
Thank you, Dan. I'm going to touch briefly on conditions in the third quarter, and how we're navigating the pandemic. I'll also provide an update on key initiatives in Japan and the US to include our approach to managing expenses. There are currently approximately 97,000 COVID-19 cases and 1,730 deaths in all of Japan. Through the third quarter Aflac Japan COVID-19 impact totaled 1,750 unique claimants with incurred claims totaling approximately JPY550 million in the quarter and JPY760 million year-to-date. In short, we are tracking well below our stress assumptions with no measurable impact from COVID-19 claims. However, reduced sales and delaying the promotion of the new cancer rider and refreshed medical product are contributing to revenue pressure. This pressure is offset somewhat by favorable persistency. COVID related expenses in the quarter totaled JPY1.7 billion, which included the rollout of virtual distribution tools, employee teller working equipment and distribution support.
In the US, the dynamics are understandably more complex. COVID-19 case levels in the US now exceed 8.5 million with deaths nearing 230,000. Through the end of the third quarter, COVID-19 claimants in the US totaled 12,800 with incurred claims of approximately $23 million in the quarter and year-to-date approximately $57 million. We are closely monitoring the recent surge in infections, but continue to see the rate of hospitalization, length of stay in the hospital and transition to ICU traveling below our expectations. We believe this is attributed to advancements in treatment and the nature of the work site which is generally younger and healthier population of policyholders.
As Dan noted in his comments, we launched an initiative early in the third quarter to remain policyholders of their wellness benefits, which drove increased utilization. This effort involved connecting with 2.7 million accident and hospital policyholders through a combination of email and direct mail in the month of August. This impacted our benefit ratio in the period, but is designed to reinforce the value proposition of our products. We have thus far seen limited impact persistency, however, we believe this is partially attributed to state executive orders requiring premium grace periods. These executive orders are still in place in 13 states as of the end of the quarter. In those states where the executive orders have expired, we have reduced pressure on lapse rates through proactive outreach to policyholders and employers, actively converting policyholders from payroll deduction to direct bill and notifying policyholders of the wellness benefits.
Turning to key operating initiatives in both Japan and the US, we are balancing investments in growth, while addressing our expense structure. A material driver of elevated expense ratios in Japan and the US is weakness in revenue. Thus, the need for a balanced approach. Beginning with Japan, we are set to promote a simplified cancer rider in the fourth quarter in launching our refreshed medical product in the first quarter of 2021. Rolled out in late October, we have the technology in place to pivot from face-to-face to virtual sales and an entirely digital customer experience. We continue with direct mail campaigns aided by data analytics that serve to enhance the close rate. We expect the combination of product development, a recovery in pandemic conditions and our alliance with Japan Post to be important growth drivers as we make our way through 2021. We view the pandemic as a call to action on accelerating investment in our digital roadmap and related process improvement.
On our second quarter call, I noted, our paperless initiative across all operations in Japan. This is a three year, and roughly JPY10 billion investment with approximately JPY2 billion spent in the third quarter, along with another JPY3.6 billion estimated spend in the fourth quarter. While elevating our 2020 expenses, this effort will reduce the production and circulation of 80 million pieces of paper per year with run rate savings in the range of JPY3 billion annually. As we move to the fourth quarter, we have budgeted an increase in general, administration expenses over our third quarter of approximately JPY6 billion. This includes 50% of our 2020 annual advertising spend, concentrated in the quarter to raise new product awareness as well as a stepped up level of investment in the paperless initiative. We are effectively accelerating investments in our digital platform into 2020 and 2021.
Turning to the US, the build out of network, dental and vision remains on track. We have successfully filed our new network products in 48 states with approvals received in 37 states. We are up and running with sales in 10 states and expect to ramp this up as we move into 2021. Our consumer markets platform remains on track with hospital accident and cancer product filings expected to be completed in early 2021. We also plan to include life insurance in 2021, recognizing that is a natural product to sell digitally empowered by the Aflac brand. Finally, we will soon close on our Zurich Benefits acquisition having successfully completed the required regulatory approvals, along with efforts to improve overall persistency, these are the three largest incremental drivers to earn premium growth in the coming years.
Anticipating further pressure on near term earned premium as we move into 2021, we are addressing expenses in the US with a sense of urgency. We are addressing expenses across two horizons. Horizon one is near term focused and includes a series of actions in 2020 designed to take out approximately $100 million of annualized run rate expenses as we enter 2021. This includes both the US platform and corporate expenses. Early in the fourth quarter, we completed a voluntary separation plan for eligible employees, which will result in a 9% reduction to our US workforce. We expect to record a one-time separation expense of approximately $45 million in the fourth quarter and we will realize annualized run rate savings in the $45 million to $50 million range.
Horizon two expense initiatives elevate near term expenses until such time the investment is complete. Legacy platforms are decommissioned and business processes are adjusted. The most significant investment is in our group business in migration off an old administrative platform to a new platform. In addition, we are completing a broader digital roadmap, which includes approximately $25 million of accelerated investment in 2020. Much of that investment coming in the fourth quarter. As I noted, we need to balance these expense initiatives with investment in growth. We have adopted a buy-to-build acquisition strategy. While a tactical and prudent use of excess capital, this is not an inexpensive effort in the early years. These build efforts include dental and vision, direct to consumer and Group benefits and taken together impacted our expense ratio in the third quarter by 110 basis points, and are expected to impact the fourth quarter by approximately 160 basis points.
I'll conclude my comments with investment conditions. Our global investment team remains focused on asset quality, monitoring economic conditions and sourcing new investment opportunities in a low interest rate environment. Our firm view is that we will experience a check mark-shaped recovery, meaning a slow road to recovery with pockets of volatility along the way. Our actions prior to the pandemic tactically improved the risk profile of our portfolio combined with some additional derisking earlier this year has served us well with only modest losses on the sale of securities, impairments and loss reserve increases. These actions have also positioned the portfolio defensively, should we see a second surge in the virus impact economic conditions. We continue to watch closely our middle market loan and transitional real estate portfolios. While we have seen credit rating downgrades, our middle market loan portfolio is more resilient to consisting a first-lien loans to high quality borrowers backed by strong equity sponsors. In the case of transitional real estate, our portfolio is also consisting of only first-lien positions and is diversified with strong loans to value.
We continue to explore ways to optimize currency hedging. Overall no material change, but we are further refining our approach to managing the unhedged dollars in Japan. These unhedged dollars provide diversification and income benefits as well as lowering our enterprise exposure to the Yen. As we look toward 2021, we will reset 2020 hedges on our floating rate portfolio and currency hedges at materially lower rates. While we do not see this impacting net investment income to any great degree, you will see line item impacts to Japan's net investment income, hedge costs and corporate investment income.
Wrapping up my comments, we are not backing off critical investments to drive long-term growth and efficiency in the face of what we believe to be temporary weakness in sales results and earned premium. We will provide further detail around this when we meet for our Annual Financial Investor Conference in the coming weeks and we will talk about the details of investments and when we expect them to turn the corner to having a positive impact on growth in profits.
I'll now pass on to Max to discuss financial performance in more detail. Max?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Thank you Fred. Let me begin my comments with a review of our third quarter performance with a focus on how our core capital and earnings drivers have developed. For the third quarter adjusted earnings per share increased 19.8% to $1.39 with no significant impact from FX in the quarter. Adjusted book value per share including foreign currency translation gains and losses grew 17.4% and the adjusted ROE excluding foreign currency impact was a strong 16.8%, a material spread to our cost of capital. This quarter was significantly impacted by the release of favorable US tax regulations related to the utilization of foreign tax credits. As a reminder, our Japanese subsidiary is taxed as a US domestic company for US tax purposes.
In the quarter, we recognized a cumulative year-to-date benefit from these regulations, which lowered our tax rate on adjusted earnings for the quarter to 4.1%, a benefit of $0.28 versus our previous run rate. Our tax rate for the quarter further benefited from tax credits in our solar and historic rehabilitation investments which lowered our tax expense by approximately $20 million more than in a normal quarter. In addition, variable investment income came in $6 million above our long-term return expectations and together these two items boosted current quarter EPS by about $0.03. When I go-forward basis, and under the current US corporate tax regime, we would expect our go-forward tax rate on adjusted earnings to be approximately 20%.
Turning to our Japan segment. Total earned premium for the quarter declined 3.3%, reflecting mainly first sector policies pay up impacts while earned premium put a third sector product was down 1.7%. Japan's revenue trends should be considered in light of impact on paid-up policies. For example, year-over-year, earned premium was down 3.3% in the quarter while policies in force was down -- were down a little less than 1%. This disconnect masks the strength of persistency, which has been rising during the pandemic. In short, expenses related to managing our inforce tend to hold steady despite the drop in reported earned premium putting pressure on our expense ratio.
Japan's total benefit ratio came in at 71.3% for the quarter, up 130 basis points year-over-year and the third sector benefit ratio was 61.7%, up 170 basis points year-over-year. The main driver for the increase was lower lapses associated with policyholders updating their coverage. Given the current lower new business activity, this naturally pushes up our benefit ratio due to lower reserve releases, decreases back amortization and improves reported persistency. We did experience all of this in the third quarter, manifested by our persistency improving by 80 basis points year-over-year. The IBNR was also less favorable this quarter. We've seen a drop in paid claims during the pandemic, more so in our medical coverages. Our IBNR estimate has only partially reflected this drop given there is not much data to base an adjustment on. We continue to monitor experience and we'll adjust our paid data as it gets more complete. In addition, for our cancer claims that are more than three years old, we extended the completion of claims which led to a smaller release in IBNR compared to 2019.
Our expense ratio in Japan was 21.7%, up 110 basis points year-over-year. Our paperless initiative kicked in at a higher gear as we digitize our operations and drive efficiencies throughout the value chain to a future state with significantly reduced paper usage. Overall, when considering COVID related spend, promotional spend and digital and paperless initiatives, we anticipate expense ratios in Japan to remain elevated in the 22% range for the remainder of 2020. Net investment income declined 0.2% in yen terms, despite the higher variable investment income, as our yen denominated portfolio generated lower yields, due to lower coal income in this quarter. The pre-tax margin for Japan in the quarter was 19.4% impacted by both the higher benefit ratio as well as a higher expense ratio in the quarter.
Turning to US results. Earned premium was down 2.6% due to weaker sales results. Premium persistency improved 80 basis points to 78.8% as our efforts to retain accounts in key premium in-force show early positive results. As Fred mentioned, there are still 13 states with premium grace periods in place at the end of Q3. So we are monitoring these developments closely. Our total benefit ratio came in at 48.3%, which was 80 basis points lower than Q3 2019. We have seen a normalization of claims activity across our portfolio compared to the second quarter. In order to improve customer experience and persistency, we conducted an extensive policyholder communication campaign highlighting the embedded wellness benefit in our accident product and we encouraged policyholders to utilize this benefit. We estimate this initiative drove incremental claims of approximately $14 million and impacted our benefit ratio in the range of 100 basis points over what we would normally expect. But we believe our efforts will add value for the customer and improve their experience along with improved long-term persistency.
Our expense ratio in the US was 37.3%, up 130 basis points year-over-year. The inclusion of Argus added 80 basis points in the quarter and a decline in revenues, roughly explains the residual year-over-year impact. The impact from declining revenues has become more pronounced on our ratios in this quarter relative to prior quarters. We anticipate expense ratios in the US to remain elevated in the 39% range for the full year 2020, driven by near term weakness in revenue, uptick in seasonal business activity and expected inclusion of the Zurich Group Benefits acquisition.
Net investment income in the US was down 4.4%, due to a 14 basis points contraction in portfolio yield year-over-year. Profitability in the US segment remains healthy at 20.5% with a low benefit ratio as the core driver. In our corporate segment, amortized hedge income contributed $22 million on a pre-tax basis to the quarter's earnings with an ending notional position of $5 billion. Our capital position remains strong and we ended the quarter with an SMR north of 900% in Japan and an RBC of approximately 700% in Aflac Columbus. Our RBC is temporarily boosted by delaying statutory subsidiary dividends to Q4. We still expect to end the year with an RBC in the range of 550% to 600%.
Holding company liquidity stood at $3.8 billion, $1.8 billion above our minimum balance. This is down compared to earlier in the year, but reflects our decisions to delay regular Q3 subsidiary dividends to Q4. On an annual basis we expect uninterrupted dividend flows to continue from our subsidiaries. Leverage improved to a comfortable 22.9% due to the increase in shareholders' equity driven by the release of the tax valuation allowance of $1.4 billion. While we remain cautious in terms of monitoring the pandemic, we have comfort in the strength of our capital ratios, excess capital, statutory earnings and dividend capacity and our ability to navigate any current and future stress brought on by the pandemic or associated economic conditions.
In the quarter, we repurchased $400 million of our own stock and paid dividends of $192 million. We will continue to be flexible and tactical in how we manage the balance sheet and deploy capital in order to drive a strong risk adjusted return on equity with a meaningful spread to our cost of capital.
Let me now turn it over to David to begin Q&A.
David A. Young -- Vice President, Investor Relations
Thank you, Max. We are now ready to take your questions. But first let me ask you to please limit yourself to one initial question followed by related follow-up question to allow other participants an opportunity to ask a question. Adrian we'll now take the first question.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Your first question comes from the line of Nigel Dally with Morgan Stanley.
Nigel Dally -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Great, thanks, and good morning everyone. So my question is on expenses. You announced the US expense reduction initiative together with paperless initiatives in Japan, but you are also talking about ramping higher investments in other digital and growth initiatives. Appreciate the color flow for the fourth quarter, but how should we be thinking about expense ratios in 2021? Should we see some of the benefit of those initiatives flow through to the bottom line or still elevated expense ratios moving forward?
Frederick J. Crawford -- President, Chief Operating Officer
I would -- Nigel, this is Fred. I would say in general both in -- both in the case of the US as well as Japan in 2021, you should anticipate a continuation of elevated expenses as these investments will continue at their current pace. And in fact, in the US, we will particularly be building more proactively on the dental and vision, the consumer markets and then now adding the Group Benefits business. So you'll see the pace of investment improve. When it comes to business as usual expenses or what we call our general operating expenses, that's where you'll see improvement, particularly in the US, as we take action around staffing models headcount and other related cost savings effort. So it's a balancing act. We'll give more color on our expense ratios, both in Japan and the US at the Financial Analyst Briefing as we traditionally do. So I don't want to get out in front of that. But I can certainly answer your question that the pace of investment will continue to go forward, but it's really directed toward growth as well as efficiency, remembering there's two components to the expense ratio and one of the things weighing on our expense ratios right now in Japan and the US is weakness in revenue. So we've got to drive these expenses through to generate revenue improvement over time. That will be the path to victory on expense ratios ultimately.
Nigel Dally -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Very helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jimmy Bhullar with JP Morgan Securities, LLC.
Jamminder Bhullar -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Hi, good morning. So, I had a question just on the US business. Obviously sales have been pretty decreasing and I'm assuming that 4Q will be a little bit better as this is given that a majority of the sales are broker sales and that channel doesn't seem to be as impacted by sort of social distancing and stuff. But what's your sort of path to an improvement in sales beyond that, if -- because I am assuming even though the businesses are starting to open up, most of them are going to be reluctant to have sales people come in and pitch products or see people. So, what's -- just a few comments on what do you feel is going to drive recovery in your sales in the US, on just sort of a vaccine or just normalization of social and business crunch?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
I'm going to have Rich answer that.
Richard L. Williams -- Executive Vice President, Chief Distribution Officer
Okay. Thank you, Jimmy. As Dan noted in his comments, we expect modest sequential improvement in the fourth quarter compared to the second and the third quarter. And as you recall, the fourth quarter for us is more heavily into broker sales, roughly about 50% of our quarter. And that's where less face-to-face enrollment is utilized as well as larger cases. So I think those are sort of the support points to Dan's comments around modest sequential improvement. I think secondly, we will reserve comments around 2021 for our outlook call on Financial Analyst briefing, and we'll look forward to that discussion then.
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Teresa do you want to add anything?
Teresa L. White -- President, Aflac U.S.
No, I think Rich covered it. Thank you.
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Okay.
Jamminder Bhullar -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
And maybe just another one on the US on your persistency. Can you talk about what you've seen in terms of persistency in the region with premium grace periods have expired. Are you seeing an uptick in lapses there or not?
Teresa L. White -- President, Aflac U.S.
So overall, we -- thanks, Dan. Overall, we've not seen a notable increase in policy lapses given the stability in our persistency rate, but we continue to monitor, especially with the small business side is important to note that small business is a large part of our in-force. However, the premium is more balanced across small and large cases. So really, we're not seeing what we thought we could see but we are continuing to monitor this and we'll give more insight at the investor conference as well.
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
And I think the wellness benefit and our ability to pay claims for it, although it kicked us our benefit ratio which we wanted to happen, we believe it will also have a positive impact on persistency as people realize they need the product.
Nigel Dally -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Thanks.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Suneet Kamath with Citi.
Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst
Thanks, good morning. So I think you had said, you expect some new products in Japan in the first quarter. So just curious, normally when you launch a new product we see almost immediate pickup in sales. Just given the pandemic and how the sales dynamic has changed. Should we expect the same sort of trend that we've seen historically. And will you be selling this new medical product in the Japan -- sorry the cancer product that you can host sale?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
So Koji?
Koji Ariyoshi -- Director and Head of Sales and Marketing
Suneet we will answer that question. [Foreign Speech] We chose the medical insurance as we have already started with our cancer insurance, we have implemented falicitation as well as the application -- insurance application system from October and this will allow reduction of COVID-19 risk like having social distance. [Foreign Speech] And on top of that this medical insurance part that, we plan to launch is a competitive product. So we will be able to win in the competition and that way we should be able to increase our share in the medical market. [Foreign Speech] Our new product has a broad range coverage to really able to respond to various types of customers. For example, a lot of the customers have concerns about the thread -- three rare diseases, which we will cover further in this new product as well as short-term coverage in the medical insurance. And at the same time, those customers who really do not want to just keep on paying premium and gain nothing, we do have some no claim bonus rider that can be added to this rider. So we should be able to respond to various needs of customers. [Foreign Speech] We would like to use this new medical insurance product as sort of the engine to start our sales in 2021. And with this web virtual sales, we should be able to minimize the negative impact of the risk of COVID-19. So we like to really use this to harness our sales.
Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst
Okay, thanks. And then I guess from Max, on the tax rate change. Was any of this related to the Trump tax cuts and then accordingly, is there any risk that under a different administration this tax is ruling that you got could be reversed?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
No, it's not related to the Trump Tax Cuts. This is related to new regulation issued by the US Treasury and IRS that came out on September 29.
Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of John Barnidge with Piper Sandler.
John Barnidge -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
How should we be thinking about the permanence in some of the declines in utilization in the US from maybe change behavior from COVID, principally maybe Telemedicine driving down the benefits ratio?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Well, I think it's still in limbo in terms of what we're absolutely sure will happen. Certainly we have seen when let's say, April, May, June, people were staying inside more, they were not going to the doctor, we saw a drop-off in the claims. The idea of the wellness benefit is to get them back to a doctor twofold. One to have utilization of the policy and therefore improve persistency, raise the loss ratio some, but also prevent people from -- I mean, I have a friend whose wife was diagnosed with a Stage 3 cancer, and if they had gone to the doctor, as they should have but couldn't because of COVID, they could have call it much earlier. So one of the things that we are watching is, is to see whether or not there is a tail on this. And that's why we're trying to encourage people to go ahead now and go back to the doctor, use these wellness benefits, get the exams you should get, and hopefully that brings down the tail on the business. So we know that it's already picking back up in terms of people going back to the doctor, but it's not back to the normal amount that it was running pre-COVID.
John Barnidge -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Okay. And my follow-up -- it does, it's very helpful. The wellness initiative that trimmed 100 basis points on the benefits ratio has that completely played out or could there be still more to come?
Frederick J. Crawford -- President, Chief Operating Officer
Still more to come. Sorry this is Fred. But the answer is, we believe that there could still be more to come there.
John Barnidge -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Erik Bass with Autonomous Research.
Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Hi, thank you. Do you intend to let all of the tax benefit drop to the bottom line or do you see opportunity to either accelerate investment or adjust product pricing can boost growth?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
We obviously have multiple initiatives in place in order to drive growth as Fred outlined and that is pushing up our expense ratio and have -- that's been in play for the last couple of years and we see that ongoing. So generally I would characterize this benefit as dropping to the bottom line.
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
One thing I would add though and this goes to the previous question too about how to think about future corporate tax rate changes, is that we do have to be mindful of that. This effectively just creates an even playing field for the way in which we report our effective tax rate and cash tax payments. In other words, we are effectively paying 21% corporate tax rate as being a US taxpayer at Aflac. And so to the degree there is a change in tax law going forward, we will be impacted much like any other corporate taxpayer in the US. And so we do have to be mindful of that and we'll be watching that carefully. Having said that though, there is a very real benefit to us both cash wise and effective tax rate for a period of time, including going back and grabbing some cash flows that we had previously paid out in the way of tax payments. So it's a real benefit. But one that you want to be careful about taking into the future if you believe there could be changes in the corporate tax rate going forward.
Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Thank you. And then can you talk a little bit about the recruiting and licensing backdrop for new agents?
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, Rich?
Richard L. Williams -- Executive Vice President, Chief Distribution Officer
Absolutely. So first of all, recruiting continues to be very important part of our element in strategy going forward. We saw improvement in the third quarter compared to the second quarter and we -- at the beginning of 2020, we implemented significant alignment from a compensation program to drive producer growth and to drive recruiting. And so the anticipation on recruiting for the fourth quarter as we expect to see moderate improvement compared to the second and third quarter. And then as we look to 2021, we'll clearly, talk about that more at the investor conference, but it will be a key part of our strategy.
Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Humphrey Lee with Dowling & Partners.
Humphrey Lee -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Good morning and thank you for taking my questions. My first question is related to the expenses in Japan. I heard that you talked about the JPY1.7 billion for the COVID related expenses in the quarter and then also, there were JPY2 billion related to the paperless initiatives. But just looking at the sequential increase in expenses as to those two pieces only have explained half of the increase. So I was just wondering, what's the other driver for the much higher expenses in the quarter?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Indeed the main driver continues to be in terms of the expense ratio is the decline in revenues. So you have the increased spending, but also the function of lower revenues is impacting the expense ratio.
Humphrey Lee -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
I'm just referring to the notional generic expense amount of JPY7.2 [Phonetic] billion.
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
I think that -- much of that has to do with just the seasonal dynamics related to direct mail spend as well as other promotional initiatives in the quarter related to -- as compared to last year. So I think some of it is just natural fluctuation. The two main drivers and maybe, I would add a third are not only COVID related expenses and the paperless initiative, but we also continue to accelerate certain digital investment in the quarter. And those are the primary drivers of just an incremental increase in general admin -- general operating expenses.
Humphrey Lee -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Okay. And then in terms of the Zurich addition in the fourth quarter, how should we think about the size of the premium add, and then also by extension be the expense impact of their platform, and also in terms of what is your expectation on a full year premium basis for that business?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
That business has been running at or around I believe in the $75 million to $100 million in annualized premium range. As you can expect that's a lumpy business, because it's largely a start-up at Zurich and it tends to focus in on large accounts. But it's also a very persistent business. So there's high persistency with that business. So I would expect on an annualized basis it's in that range. So it will have a modest impact to annual earned premium. In terms of the overall P&L impact on it, as we mentioned when we announced the transaction, we would expect there to be roughly $0.05 dilution on an annualized basis related to that transaction and that's largely because as they are still ramping up the business, their revenue is not enough to offset their cost structure because it's in a growth mode. And so -- and we expect obviously and intend to continue that growth mode going forward. So that's essentially the nature of the business. It's modestly dilutive to earnings and modestly accretive to earned premium.
Humphrey Lee -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Andrew Kligerman with Credit Suisse.
Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Hey, good morning. So the first question is around the the Benefits ratio, and I'm wondering as we look out in the US at a 48.3% down from 49.1% year-over-year and then of course 44.3% quarter-over-quarter, have we reached kind of the stable zone now. How would you expect to trend over the course of the next several quarters?
Frederick J. Crawford -- President, Chief Operating Officer
Well, I mean in general, we would expect it to trend up, really up to previous reported numbers prior to the pandemic. And that's simply because of what Dan outlined in his comments that there'll be naturally a gradual increase in utilization. But really back to normal levels and still overall favorable relative to going back in history. So you'll see a trend up. Wellness related impacts will subside. We certainly hope, but frankly we're monitoring as you can imagine, given the news COVID related cases. But overall, we would expect utilization to find its more normal levels over time. We are bringing on businesses that tend to have higher benefit ratios and lower expense ratios. Network dental and vision for example, and then of course Group Benefits. So over time, you will eventually have a bit of a mix play in our Benefit ratio to be aware of. But that's unlikely to be material over the -- certainly over the next several quarters and in 2021, but you'll see that play out over time and we will of course be able to report that out and let you know what's influencing the benefit ratio and expense ratio.
Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
And earlier in the year, you provided a credit stress scenario is about $680 million of credit losses, has that changed, improved, worsened, what's kind of the outlook there? And what are you seeing into 2021?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Eric, why don't you take that.
Eric M. Kirsch -- Executive Vice President and Global Chief Investment Officer; President, Aflac Global Investments
Sure thing. Thank you, Andrew. Naturally, we continue to analyze our portfolio and address scenarios inclusive of how our portfolio actually performed over these past six months. And looking forward, including assumptions about a second wave and economic and market impacts. In fact, our portfolio has performed very well through the first part of the pandemic and better than expected relative to our stress test. In addition, as you may recollect in the second quarter, we did some marginal derisking and risk reduction and there were particular names in the stress test that in essence were impacted or went away. Having said that, we're completing our newest stress test and intend on presenting that at this upcoming fab. So if you could be patient for about another month, you'll see some of the new results.
Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
The final question comes from the line of Tom Gallagher with Evercore ISI.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Good morning. First question, Max, can you give a sense for how the cash tax benefits will compare to the reduction and the GAAP tax rate, and how we should think about that playing out over time?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
So cash taxes will always be volatile and there will be timing differences between our GAAP and our cash taxes. But over time, I would expect them to have about the same impact from this change in tax regulation.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Would you expect there to be a meaningful difference in the first couple of years and converge over time? Or is it going to be, would you say directionally similar with some volatility around it, if you know what I mean?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Yes, it will be the latter. It will not be any material significant difference and certainly not over as long period as number of years. It's more the latter where we might in the short-term have some timing differences, but generally speaking, we would expect our cash taxes to come down as well.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Got you. And then my follow-up is, can you -- just given the increase in the benefit ratio in Japan this quarter, the 150 basis points to 200 basis points. Can you talk about, and I know you had referenced that was somewhat related to the slowdown in sales and the impact of Latin [Phonetic] reissue. Can you talk -- given that sales are likely to remain at least somewhat lower relative to historical levels, can you talk about whether you would still expect to see the broader trend of benefit ratio improving here over the next couple of years, or we likely to see that maybe go the other way?
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Todd, why don't you take a crack at that.
J. Todd Daniels -- Director, Executive Vice President; Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Life Insurance Japan
Okay. Thanks Max. Really when we look forward for our persistency and as Max alluded to it's totally related to sales activity and about 80 basis points in the benefit ratio for the quarter is attributed to lack of what I will call Latin reissue activity. So as we introduce product in the first quarter, I would expect that and tick up somewhat from the medical block. So I would really anticipate as we go through next year that you see more of a normalized termination rate which will lead to a more normal looking benefit ratio, especially as it pertains to the policy reserve aspect of it.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Got you. And Todd, would you still expect the broader trend over multiple years of improvement in the benefit ratio?
J. Todd Daniels -- Director, Executive Vice President; Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Life Insurance Japan
I think as we see claims come in, in our trends that we have in our cancer and medical blocks, that will be reflected in the benefit ratio going forward.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Tom, we will address some of the underlying drivers in terms of hospitalizations and duration of hospital stays, etc at fab. So we'll give you a little bit more insight into that.
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Thank you.
David A. Young -- Vice President, Investor Relations
And that leads us to the top of the hour, before concluding, I just want to remind you that we have combined our Financial Analyst Briefing and our 2021 Outlook Call into a special webcast event on the morning of November 19 at 8:00 AM Eastern Time. For more details, please reach out to Investor Relations here, and we thank you all for joining us today and look forward to speaking with you soon and wish you all continued good health. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]
Duration: 60 minutes
Call participants:
David A. Young -- Vice President, Investor Relations
Daniel P. Amos -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Frederick J. Crawford -- President, Chief Operating Officer
Max K. Broden -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Richard L. Williams -- Executive Vice President, Chief Distribution Officer
Teresa L. White -- President, Aflac U.S.
Koji Ariyoshi -- Director and Head of Sales and Marketing
Eric M. Kirsch -- Executive Vice President and Global Chief Investment Officer; President, Aflac Global Investments
J. Todd Daniels -- Director, Executive Vice President; Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Life Insurance Japan
Nigel Dally -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst
Jamminder Bhullar -- JP Morgan -- Analyst
Suneet Kamath -- Citi -- Analyst
John Barnidge -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst
Erik Bass -- Autonomous Research -- Analyst
Humphrey Lee -- Dowling & Partners -- Analyst
Andrew Kligerman -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Tom Gallagher -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
