East West Bancorp Inc (EWBC) Q1 2021 Earnings Call Transcript

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East West Bancorp Inc (EWBC 0.34%)
Q1 2021 Earnings Call
Apr 22, 2021, 11:30 a.m. ET

Contents:

• Prepared Remarks
• Questions and Answers
• Call Participants

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good morning, and welcome to the East West Bancorp First Quarter 2021 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] [Operator Instructions]

I would now like to turn the conference over to Julianna Balicka, Director of Strategy and Corporate Development. Please go ahead.

Julianna Balicka -- Director of Strategy and Corporate Development

Thank you, Betsy. Good morning, and thank you, everyone, for joining us to review the financial results of East West Bancorp for the first quarter 2021. With me on this conference call are Dominic Ng, our Chief Executive Officer; and Irene Oh, our Chief Financial Officer. We would like to caution you that during the course of the call, management may make projections or other forward-looking statements regarding events or future financial performance of the company within the meaning of the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may differ materially from the actual results due to a number of risks and uncertainties.

For a more detailed description of risk factors that could affect the company's operating results, please refer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, some of the numbers referenced on this call pertain to adjusted numbers. Please refer to our first quarter earnings release for the reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures. During the course of this call, we will be referencing a slide deck that's available as part of the webcast and on the Investor Relations site. [Operator Instructions] And will also be available in replay format on our Investor Relations website.

I will now turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Dominic Ng.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Julianna. Good morning. Thank you, everyone, for joining us for our earnings call. I will begin the review of our financial results with slide three of our presentation. This morning, we reported first quarter 2021 net income of $205 million or $1.44 per share, which was up by 25% quarter-over-quarter. The first quarter was a strong start to the year. Highlights include strong loan and deposit growth, robust revenue growth and decreasing operating expenses, all driving pre-tax, pre-provision growth of 4% or 17% annualized. In the first quarter, we earned $262 million of pre-tax, pre-provision income on total revenue of $427 million. Furthermore, due to an improved macroeconomic outlook and stable asset quality, we did not record any provision for credit loss in the first quarter. We returned 1.5% on average assets, 15.6% on average equity and 17.2% on average tangible equity for the quarter. Our attractive returns reflect the strong financial performance in the first quarter of 2021. Slide four presents a summary of our balance sheet.

As of March 31, 2021, total loans reached a record of $39.6 billion, growing by $1.2 billion or 13% annualized from December 31, 2020. Paycheck Protection Program loans totaled $2.1 billion as of March 31, 2021. During the first quarter, the company funded 5,075 new PPP loans totaling $828 million. Since the PPP program launched in 2020, East West Bank funded a total of 12,517 loans totaling $2.6 billion through March 31, 2021. Excluding PPP, total loans grew by 8% linked quarter annualized in the first quarter, at the top of our previous guidance range for the year. Accordingly, based on current pipelines and economic trends, we are updating our loan growth outlook for the full year to 8% compared with a range of 6% to 8% previously. First quarter average loan of $38.7 billion grew by 11% linked quarter annualized or 9% annualized excluding PPP.

Growth was broad-based across all our major loan portfolios with the strongest growth from residential mortgage. Deposit growth for the quarter was exceptional. As of March 31, 2021, total deposits reached a record of $49.5 billion, growing by $4.7 billion or 42% annualized from December 31. Noninterest-bearing deposit grew 65% annualized to a record $18.9 billion as of March 31, 2021, making up 38% of total deposits as of March 31, up from 36% a quarter ago and up from 31% a year ago. We are pleased with the deposit growth and related growth in deposit account fees, which are up 47% year-over-year to $15.4 million. We have continually invested in our digital banking platform and treasury management product capabilities, allowing us to win large customers with more complex cash management needs. At the same time, we have developed deposit products tailored to meet the needs of our small business customers, a segment that has been growing nicely for some time now. Our ability to compete for and win both large and small deposit customers laid a good foundation for future growth as the economy recovers and business activity increases.

Turning to slide five. You can see our strong capital ratio. As of March 31, 2021, we had a common equity Tier one ratio of 12.7% and a total capital ratio of 14.3%, which provides us with a meaningful capacity to support all of our customers in their growth and expansion plans as the economy reopens and rebounds from COVID-related restrictions. East West's Board of Directors has declared second quarter 2021 dividends for the company's common stock. The common stock cash dividend of $0.33 is payable on May 17, 2021 to stockholders of record on May 3, 2021. Moving on to a discussion of our loan portfolio, beginning with slide six. C&I loans outstanding, excluding PPP, were $12 billion as of March 31, 2021, declining $55 million or 2% annualized from December 31, 2020. Total C&I commitments was $17.2 billion as of March 31, 2021, a quarter-over-quarter increase of $137 million or 3% annualized. The decline in outstanding balance reflects paydown in January, but on an average basis, C&I loans, excluding PPP, grew by 5% annualized in the first quarter. We are comfortable that our C&I loan growth will accelerate through the year based on our year-to-date growth in commitments, current pipelines and a strengthening economy. As you know, it takes time for commitments to materialize into balance outstanding.

Slide seven and eight show the essential details of our commercial real estate portfolio. Total commercial real estate loans was $15.1 billion as of March 31, 2021. This portfolio grew by $280.5 million or 8% annualized from December 31, 2020. On an average basis, total CRE loans grew by 6% annualized in the first quarter. This run rate of growth is stronger than we had originally expected because of higher origination volume from our core traditional CRE lending customers as well as lower-than-anticipated payoffs. We expect the CRE payoffs to tick up in the second quarter. But for the full year, we are comfortable that our total CRE loan growth will be supported by continued good demand from our customers as the economy reopens and rebounds. In slide nine and 10, we provide details regarding our single-family residential loans and home equity lines. During the first quarter, we originated $1.1 billion of residential mortgage loans, an increase of 5% quarter-over-quarter and 45% year-over-year.

This was a record quarter of residential mortgage originations for East West, and we are seeing the momentum continue into April. Single-family residential loans were $8.5 billion as of March 31, 2021. This portfolio grew by $338 million or 17% annualized from December 31. On an average basis, single-family residential loans grew by 16% annualized in the first quarter. Home equity lines outstanding were $1.7 billion as of March 31, up $147 million or 37% annualized from December 31. Including unfunded commitments, total commitments on home equity lines were $3.6 billion as of March 31, up by 32% linked quarter annualized. The utilization rate remained steady at 48%. On an average basis, home equity lines grew by 28% annualized in the first quarter.

I will now turn the call over to Irene for a more detailed discussion of our asset quality and income statement. Irene?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Dominic. I'll start with our asset quality metrics on slide 11. Our criticized loans were $1.2 billion as of March 31 or 3.1% of total loans, essentially unchanged from $1.2 billion as of December 31 or 3.2% of total loans. Quarter-over-quarter, special mention loans decreased to $504 million as of March 31, down from $565 million as of December 31. Classified loans increased to $713 million, up from $653 million as of year-end. Nonperforming assets were $258 million or 45 basis points of total assets as of March 31 compared with $235 million or 45 basis points of total assets as of December 31. New migration into adversely graded loans in the first quarter was limited, resulting in stable criticized loans quarter-over-quarter. Oil and gas exposures continue to be the largest single concentration in our performing assets, and the operating backdrop for this sector is improving. Outside of oil and gas, we do not see systemic issues in our loan portfolio. Furthermore, at $608 million as of March 31, 2021, we believe that our allowance for loan losses is sufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio as well as incremental reserve build needed for new loan growth. We do not expect to record any provision for loan losses for the remainder of the year.

On slide 12, we present the components of our allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for loan losses totaled $608 million as of March 31 or 1.62% of loans held for investment excluding PPP, compared with $620 million or 1.68% as of December 31 and compared with $483 million or 1.39% on Day one post-CECL. The quarter-over-quarter reduction in the allowance largely reflects an improved macroeconomic forecast. Net charge-offs in the first quarter were $13 million compared with $19 million in the fourth quarter. The first quarter net charge-off ratio was 14 basis points of average loans annualized, an improvement of six basis points from the fourth quarter of 2020. This improvement primarily reflects a decrease in commercial real estate charge-offs. During the first quarter, we recorded no provision for loan losses compared to $24 million in the fourth quarter. And now moving to a discussion of our income statement on slide 13. This slide summarizes the key line items of the income statement, which I will discuss in more detail in the following slides.

First quarter income tax expense was $30.5 million and the effective tax rate was 13%, compared with $49 million and 23% for the fourth quarter. First quarter income tax expense and effective tax rate reflect the benefit of a higher amount of tax credit investments and discrete items compared with the prior quarter. Also, fourth quarter income tax expense included $8 million related to DC Solar tax credit investments. I'll now review the key drivers of our net interest income and net interest margin on slides 14 through 17, starting with average balance sheet growth. First quarter average loans of $38.7 billion grew by $1 billion or 11% linked quarter annualized. The growth rate accelerated from the fourth quarter and was broad-based across the major loan categories, the strongest growth from residential mortgage. First quarter average deposits of $47.8 billion grew by $3.4 billion or 31% linked quarter annualized. All deposit categories grew led by growth in noninterest-bearing demand deposits at a rate of 44% annualized. With the strong deposit growth, our average loan-to-deposit ratio was 81% in the first quarter, down from 85% in the fourth quarter.

During the first quarter, we deployed some cash into debt securities available for sale and also repo assets. On a quarterly average basis, securities AFS increased by $1.4 billion and repo assets increased by $204 million. During the second quarter of 2021, $400 million of our FHLB funding carry an effective interest rate of 2.25% will mature, which we expect to pay off. Turning to slide 15. First quarter 2021 net interest income of $354 million grew by 8% linked quarter annualized. And the net interest margin was 2.71%, a decrease of six basis points from the prior quarter. Excluding income related to PPP loans, our first quarter adjusted net interest income of $339 million grew by 7% linked quarter annualized. Net interest income related to PPP loans was $15 million in the first quarter compared with $14 million in the fourth quarter. As of March 31, we had $34 million of PPP loan deferred fees to accrete into income. The six basis points quarter-over-quarter decrease in the first quarter GAAP NIM breaks down as follows: plus five basis points from the lower cost of interest-bearing deposits, plus two basis points from more DDA in the funding mix, offset by minus seven basis points from lower loan yields and minus six basis points from excess liquidity due to the strong deposit growth. Turning to slide 16. First quarter average loan yield was 3.58%. And excluding the impact of PPP, the adjusted loan yield was 3.60%, down by nine basis points quarter-over-quarter from 3.69%, reflecting the impact of low interest rates on the portfolio. Turning to slide 17. Our cost of deposits continues to decline as maturing higher-priced CDs reprice to current market rates. Our average cost of deposits for the first quarter dropped to 18 basis points, down from 25 basis points in the fourth quarter. The spot rate of total deposits as of March 31, 2021 was 16 basis points. Our first quarter average cost of interest-bearing deposits dropped to 30 basis points, down from 40 basis points in the fourth quarter.

The spot rate of interest-bearing deposits as of March 31 was 26 basis points. The quarter-over-quarter improvement was primarily driven by the repricing of CDs as well as by a decrease in the cost of money market accounts. The average cost of CDs in the first quarter was 50 basis points, a meaningful drop of 24 basis points from 74 basis points in the fourth quarter. In the first quarter, we originated or renewed $5.4 billion of domestic U.S. CDs at a blended rate of 20 basis points and a weighted average term of four months. We have $964 million of CDs maturing in the second quarter at a blended rate of 62 basis points and another $817 million in the third quarter at a blended rate of 61 basis points. Moving on to fee income on slide 18. Total noninterest income in the first quarter was $73 million, up from $70 million in the fourth quarter. First quarter fee income and net gains on sales of loans were $55 million, growing by 14% annualized from the fourth quarter. Higher forward exchange income, wealth management and deposit account fees reflected growth in customer-driven transactions for these business lines. Fee income growth momentum is continuing into the second quarter, and we expect these business lines to show strength for the full year. The quarter-over-quarter increase in interest rate contracts and other derivative income reflected a favorable change in the credit valuation adjustment due to the increase in benchmark long-term interest rates and an improved macroeconomic outlook. The decline in interest rate contracts revenue reflects the lower customer transaction volume and demand in the current environment. Moving on to slide 19. First quarter noninterest expense was $191 million.

Excluding amortization of tax credits and other investments and core deposit intangible amortization, adjusted noninterest expense was $165 million in the first quarter, a decrease of $0.6 million quarter-over-quarter. Reductions in overall operating expenses more than offset increased compensation and employee benefit expense, which is typically higher in the first quarter due to payroll taxes and other payroll-related expenses. Year-over-year, adjusted noninterest expense increased by 3%. The first quarter adjusted efficiency ratio was 38.7% compared with 39.8% in the fourth quarter. Over the past five quarters, our efficiency ratio has ranged from 38.4% to 40.8% despite operating headwinds from the COVID pandemic, related economic slowdown and near zero interest rates. And with that, I'll now review our updated full year outlook for 2021 on slide 20. For the full year of 2021 compared to our full year 2020 results, we expect that year-over-year loan growth, excluding PPP, will be approximately 8%, narrowing to the upper end of our prior range of 6% to 8%. Year-over-year adjusted net interest income growth, excluding PPP, will be generally in line with loan growth on a full year basis. In the current interest rate environment, we are focused on net interest income growth, which will be primarily driven by loan growth for our bank. Underpinning our interest income assumptions is the current forward interest rate curve. Adjusted noninterest expense growth, excluding tax credit investment amortization, of 5% year-over-year, narrowing to the upper end of our prior range of 3% to 5%.

This change parallels to the update of our loan growth outlook and largely reflects growth in compensation expense and higher computer software amortization expense as we amortize previously capitalized technology investments. Compensation expense will reflect loan production and revenue growth for the year. Our updated outlook for revenue, expense translates to higher pre-tax, pre-provision income growth for 2021 compared to our prior expectations. I would add that we also expect to see stable to modestly improving operating leverage for the year compared to 2020. Based on our macroeconomic forecast and loan growth outlook, we do not expect to book provision for credit losses for the full year. Finally, full year 2021 effective tax rate of approximately 15%, including the impact of tax credit investments, unchanged from our prior outlook. There will be quarterly variability in the tax rate due to the timing of tax credit investments placed into service.

With that, I'll now turn the call back to Dominic for closing remarks.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Irene. In closing, we had a very good start to the year with attractive growth and profitability and look forward to delivering strong financial results for our shareholders in 2021.

I will now open up the call to questions. Operator?

Questions and Answers:

Operator

[Operator Instructions] First question comes from Ebrahim Poonawala from Bank of America.

Ebrahim Poonawala -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Good Morning. I guess my first question is just around trying to figure out the potential for upside to your loan growth outlook, Dominic. If you could help us just across the three major buckets, one, on the residential mortgage side, is there any reason to believe that momentum slows? On C&I, what are the industries that you think will drive loan growth? And then on CRE, you sound a lot more constructive than you did in the last three to six months. So is it the reopening or what you're hearing from clients makes you feel better about CRE activity for the year?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Okay. Three, yes, the three buckets, residential mortgages and home equity. In fact, I've been predicting it to slow down for the last four or five years, and I haven't succeeded. We've been having a very strong momentum in the residential mortgages and home equity lines business for actually quite a few years now. It's almost we're getting tired of setting record every quarter after quarter. I think that, obviously, this lower interest rate help, but for what we've seen so far, I mean, our momentum has continued to grow strong. And I look at even so far in April is kept going. And at this stage right now, I just don't see the residential mortgage to come down much simply because we are getting good momentum both on refinance, from home purchases, and our home equity lines are picking up really strong. So at this stage right now, I think that should be looking pretty good to continue on for a while. On the C&I side, I think the great news really is that we are getting new customers.

We continue to getting really high-quality new customers. I think since the PPP back in April of 2020, we were successfully getting some very high-quality customers because of a bit more chaotic situation among some of the other banks that allow us to able to demonstrate that our service level are better. So from that standpoint, when we also look at in terms of our C&I side is to grow from many different verticals, many different geographic regions. So it's pretty evenly distributed and the commitments continue to grow. So of course, in the first quarter, we haven't got that pickup much from an outstanding balance point of view simply because we always have a slow first quarter.

That's the nature of our C&I business. So we do expect that, in particular, as we highlighted at Irene's guidance, in the third and fourth quarter, we will be most likely seeing more pickup from not only just because of economy would open up more, it's because the nature of the business tend to have more drawdown in the third and fourth quarter. So that's been going good. On the CRE side, I highlighted in my sort of like presentation earlier is that the anticipated payoff for first quarter didn't happen as high as we expected. We do expect that maybe it will be happening in the second quarter. But all in all, I would say that we are seeing good momentum from our traditional core customers in the CRE sector.

Well, many of our customers now are feeling more positive. And in fact, they see opportunities. And in fact, they started even in the late third and fourth quarter of last year, and they continue to look for investment opportunities, and this allow us the opportunity to actually see some decent growth in our CRE so far. So we are watching the progress. And as of today, I would say that we are comfortable, very comfortable with our guidance that we laid out so far.

Ebrahim Poonawala -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful color. And just as a quick follow-up, in terms of just the deposit growth, it was very strong this quarter. Do you have a breakdown of how much of the growth came from the U.S. versus Hong Kong and Greater China? And do you see that as continuing?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

I would say that, I mean, as you know, our Hong Kong and China are just a very small part of our deposit total. So most of the deposits are coming from United States.

Ebrahim Poonawala -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Do you see that as continuing?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Well, I looked at it. Well, when you look at this 40-some-odd percent annualized growth rate or 65% like annualized growth for DDA, those are kind of things that we think it has a lot to do with the current economic environment. But what I would want to share is that, I don't necessarily get pay too much attention to the sort of like big deposit growth quarter-by-quarter, which has been happening for the last couple of quarters. But I would say that I'm much more interested to look at, do we have high-quality customers coming into the bank? Do we have high growth in the new customers that originated by our branches, by our commercial lending officer and the commercial bankers throughout U.S. and China? And so far, that's been happening. In fact, our treasury management, cash management product team are working day and night overtime opening account, setting up all these online banking and digital banking requirement for our customers because we are getting more new customers. And that, to me, is very encouraging. And we are hoping that, that continued growth will sustain and that will allow us to really have a much more meaningful core customer base going forward. And this is above and beyond just the current environment because many banks also have high deposit balance growth for the last quarter. But that's what I'm really focusing on, how many new customers we have and what kind of customer are they? Are these customer core that have a sustainability going forward? And those are the one I'm paying attention and I feel pretty good right now that we will continue to see growth from this set of new customers and together with existing customers who are expanding their relationship with us because our core capability from product and technology-wise are getting better, which allow us to be able to take on more complex deposit setup.

Operator

Our next question comes from Ken Zerbe with Morgan Stanley.

Ken Zerbe -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

All right, Great. Thanks. Good Morning. First, probably a pretty easy one. In terms of the provision expense guidance, I just want to make sure I understand it correctly. So you're not going to book a provision expense for the full year. Are you saying that it is generally going to be zero for each of the next quarters or could it potentially be meaningfully negative if you do end up releasing a significant amount of reserves?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Ken, that's a great question. I don't have a crystal ball, honestly. But with our guidance of the zero, as we kind of project out and we model out right now the likelihood of having to add net provision is very low at this point in time. And that's really what drove the change that we made to our guidance. The min/max of what might happen each quarter, certainly, that could vary. Certainly, it is possible that we'll have a negative provision. But nonetheless, I'm very comfortable at this point in time with the zero provision for the full year.

Ken Zerbe -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. Perfect. And then just a quick follow-up. In terms of the PPP amortization, with $34 million remaining, but you did $15 million this quarter. It seems that it could potentially fall pretty noticeably on a go-forward basis. Can you just remind us what your amortization schedule is of that $34 million? Is it straight line over five years or is it more heavily weighted toward the front end?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. It's more heavily weighted toward the front end. And I'll also add, we've had a fair amount of paydowns as well. If we look at that in the first quarter, there was a period of time where we stopped doing the PPP loan forgiveness. But we're back up on that. In fact, actually, last week, we started opening our portal for PPP forgiveness for PPP round two as well.

Operator

Our next question comes from Michael Young with Truist Securities.

Michael Young -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for the question. Just wanted to start with the NII guide and make sure I understand. So the increase in the loan growth to 8% would have a commensurate increase in the NII guide to 8% growth off the base number from last year?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I don't know certainly if thats gonna exactly correlate, but it will definitely be in line, Michael.

Michael Young -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Okay. And then my follow-up is just sort of on the additional liquidity build that keeps coming with the strong deposit growth. Do you have any updated thoughts about deploying that given kind of where rates have moved to today and/or any additional analysis of sort of the stickiness of those deposits going forward?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Great question. Certainly, in the first quarter, with kind of the rate movement and our comfort level as far as the deposits, the growth that we've had, the growth that we expect in the pipeline, that was some of the decisions and factors that we considered as we redeployed some of that cash that we have been building into securities and to repos. And keep in mind, obviously, also the part of that consideration was the asset sensitivity of our balance sheet and also keeping in mind with the securities that we did purchase and the repos, we did extend duration but being cognizant of the fact that we didn't want to extend too much. So the repos, LIBOR plus 130 kind of pricing and then the securities as well, largely what we've been buying are Treasuries, GSE kind of step-ups, things like that, where we're comfortable that we're earning a little bit more money on the cash today but not extending duration too much in this kind of environment. On a go-forward basis, evaluating kind of our liquidity, the deposit growth, that's certainly something that we'll continue to look at and evaluate over the course of the year.

Operator

Our next question comes from Brock Vandervliet from UBS.

Brock Vandervliet -- UBS -- Analyst

Good Morning. Thanks for the question. If you could just kind of review kind of the puts and takes on the noninterest income, the FX, derivatives, service charges. We've been expecting those to kind of come in fairly materially off a very strong Q4, and they actually headed higher. What should we be looking for in the balance of the year or the next quarter?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So I think if you look at the accompanying deck that we have on page 18, I think we do a nice job of breaking out the fee income from a customer transaction perspective, reconciling back to the GAAP. So if you look at each line item, foreign FX income, we have seen a lot more kind of transaction volume and a number of clients. So in the prepared remarks, we talked about it. We expected that to continue, the momentum, particularly on a year-over-year basis. So far in second quarter, we're doing pretty well as well. On the wealth management side, same thing. At various points in 2020 with the pandemic, there wasn't a lot of customer activity. We saw more interest. We've also kind of expanded and have some great kind of product offerings for our customers that they like and that has certainly helped as well. I would say also on -- with the strong deposit growth that Dominic spoke about, and we talked about in the prepared remarks, the GTS-related deposit account base continues to grow, and we expect that to continue to grow over the course of the year as well. So really, the IRC contract, the customer revenue, related revenue given the kind of the rate environment, that's probably the category where I don't see this kind of level of growth for the full year, but other areas, we're very positive year-over-year.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. So I just wanted to add, again, it's like, really, when you look at noninterest income, foreign exchange and global treasury services, cash management and the consumer branch fees and wealth management, these are all customer-related type of fee income, and that's what I'm talking about earlier that we are getting new customers. And we are getting new customers, well, obviously, because of the great dedicated service from our associates throughout U.S. and China.

More importantly, because of the investment that we made from digital banking to FX to cash management, etc, this investment that we made allow us to now have the capability to take on some of those additional sort of like product capability that we have now to allow us to earn these additional fees. And had we not had some of these technological advancement built, we wouldn't be able to generate these fees even though we might have these customers before, but some of these customers not able to transact everything with East West before because we did not have the technical capability. But the last few years, slowly gradually, we're building up that capability. And we are seeing the result now in our noninterest income. And I would expect that will continue to grow. And that's why it's important for us to also continue to invest.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I'll also add, last year, including largely in lending fees, we had warrant income of about $11 million, which we don't expect to occur. So aside from that, we do expect good growth in fee income.

Brock Vandervliet -- UBS -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks [Indecipherable].

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

You are Welcome. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Dave Rochester from Compass Point.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Hey, Good Morning guys, nice growth this quarter. I was wondering if you could talk about where new loan yields are today across your major loan buckets as well as new securities yields just given the steeper curve. And then would be good to hear where the overall average yield was on those securities purchases in 1Q.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Hold one minute, let me get that for you. My computer locked up. So I've got it, just give me one minute.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

No problem.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

All right. And in the excitement of my computer locking up, I didn't hear the last part of your question. So would you mind repeating that?

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Oh, sure. Just where the securities purchases were this quarter in terms of just the overall yield?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. That I don't need to look up. So the securities that we purchased generally are about 150, 160, so lower than kind of the yield that we had before. But as I said earlier, we wanted to just make sure from a duration perspective, we are comfortable. And then give me one minute here. If you look at kind of the loan yields, currently, new core loan yields, generally for C&I, the loans are about kind of 4%, probably including fees. For commercial real estate, we're at probably prime flat. And then consumer loans in total we're about 375.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Great. And then for resi, is that still north of 4?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The 375 was combined from, let me clarify, for HELOC and single family.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Got you. Okay. So the resi piece is now, I guess, maybe a little bit below 4?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

That's right.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

That all combined. Okay. Great.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

And the perspective would be, yes, the blended perspective with the ARM portfolios as well.

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Okay. Great. And then you guys have plenty of capital today. You still have that buyback outstanding. I was just wondering what could prompt you to take a closer look at that buyback as we go through the year, if you have any specific capital targets you're looking at, just any color there would be great.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

We are having pretty decent growth so far. And so I mean, this whole idea about having a little bit more capital than our peers is, well, during the pandemic, particularly at the beginning of the pandemic, when everybody panicked, we didn't have to panic as much because we have plenty of capital. So now I think when the economy start rebounding, we have very nice growth. As you can see, our huge deposit and even loan growth is pretty strong. And so we really looked at is that, it's nice to have that kind of capital that in case will get even stronger we got plenty of capital to support that. So at this stage right now, I think that we're going to stay put and see how it goes. Keep in mind, though, even with our capital today, as I just shared, we have a return on equity, tangible equity of 17.2%, which is not bad. And that's the way we see it. That when we can pull in this kind of like return, we don't need to spend too much time in terms of managing the capital too tight.

Operator

Our next question comes from Elan Zanger with Jefferies.

Elan Zanger -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Thanks. Good morning. Just wanted to touch on credit. I was a little bit surprised to see the oil and gas ACL actually go up despite the better backdrop. Did see a little bit of migration. Could you maybe talk to the outlook in that book and the reserve for that kind of going forward for this year?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Great question. So the reserve calculation did increase a little bit. Part of it is correlated to a little bit adverse migration into substandard and then also specific reserves that we have for some of the nonaccrual loans. So if you look at 3/31, the total reserve that we had for the oil and gas portfolio was $113 million for the outstanding loans compared to $111 million as of December 31. Overall, I would say that we're continuing to work through the portfolio. Generally, the outlook is more positive, but certainly, we w ant to be prudent and kind of conservative with our reserving there.

Elan Zanger -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Okay. And I think you touched on the China theme earlier, but just could we maybe get a pulse on the outlook for cross-border activity maybe for the second half of this year?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. The cross-border activity is going really well. In fact, again, it's getting back to, it's a combination of people and technology again. What we've noticed is that despite the fact that we, as I shared earlier that most of the deposit growth is coming from U.S. and then the loan growth mainly from U.S., interesting enough, quite a few of those deposits have that cross-border elements into it. And quite a bit of even the loans have a bit of cross-border elements into it is because we actually have many of our customers that are doing business in U.S. but that have either ownership from China or Hong Kong. And so we are doing a lot more business now in terms of a customer that required maybe us providing loans and commercial deposit setup in U.S. In addition to that, they have business in China and Hong Kong that also set up additional commercial banking relationship with us and also have either guaranteed support of letter of credit to shore up their credit strength for U.S. And it's these kind of like cross-border type of transaction that East West is very proud to have the ability to be able to handle it in 24/7 in different time zones. And we also have the compliance, regulatory expertise that can understand the rule and regulations in different regions. And so we are going to continue to be able to get these type of business that, in general, from an East West point of view that we do not have that kind of competition against our peer banks in U.S. And more importantly, we would end up underwriting credit that have substantially less actual risk versus perceived risk from other banks who don't know anything about this cross-border kind of business. So in that standpoint, we'll continue to expect that we will do well going forward in our sort of like bridge between the East and West type of value proposition. And we're really looking at it in the next few years, there'll be more opportunities to come for us.

Operator

Our next question comes from Jared Shaw with Wells Fargo.

Jared Shaw -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Hi, Good Morning. Looking at credit losses with the 15 basis points this quarter, do you think that we've turned the corner on loss content? And should we be looking at this as sort of the high-water mark for expectations given the broader economic backdrop or could we see more episodic losses as we go through the year?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, I think that from our perspective, what we're most comfortable with is really looking at our entire loan portfolio overall that when we see that our criticized loans has been stable, and we also continue to review our loan portfolio one sector at a time. We recently just had another CRE loan review, and then we look at these different industry vertical from C&I and so forth. And based on our review, we feel pretty confident that our loan portfolio overall has, in terms of credit quality, has been very good. And in terms of any kind of major concern that would it get even worse, at this stage right now, I would say it's not very likely. There's always going to be occasional one or two loans that we end up charging off. But in terms of overall, do we have enough reserve for our sort of like loan portfolio, I would say that we are very, very confident that we have plenty of reserves and allowances to cover any potential losses in the future.

Jared Shaw -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Great. Thanks.

Operator

Our next question comes from Chris McGratty with KBW.

Chris McGratty -- KBW -- Analyst

All right. Great. Good Morning. Just a quick housekeeping on the tax rate and the am expense. Any color on the cadence for the rest of the year? I think $100 million was kind of the thought on the expense previously.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Certainly, and we've talked about this before, depending on the timing of the investment, that can be a little, bounce around. But at this point in time, and with the tax rate, the effective tax rate that we're assuming, it also includes $130 million for the full year of credits and $115 million from an amortization perspective for full year.

Chris McGratty -- KBW -- Analyst

Okay. So $115 million, so that will pick up from here. Okay, great. Thank you.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

You are welcome. The next question comes from Matthew Clark with Piper Sandler.

Matthew Clark -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Good Morning. First question, just on the core NII guide. It looks like in order to get to that 8%, you need assets to grow faster than loans. And that just wondering if that phenomenon could put some additional pressure on your core NIM or do you think going from cash into securities can help mitigate that? Just trying to get a sense for whether or not we've troughed in the core NIM.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. I think that's a great question. We do think that the NII growth will correlate with the loan growth. And then as you pointed out, with the kind of redeployment of some of that excess cash into securities, that will help from an NII perspective and also in NIM. I'll also point out that our continued kind of repricing on the funding side, the deposits. The FHLB also helps as well. So at this point in time, although it's hard to predict exactly where that NIM is gonna fall out based on largely at this point the deposits and excess liquidity, we're comfortable that our margin will stabilize and could kind of even modestly increase.

Matthew Clark -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Okay. And then last one for me just on slide 16 of the deck, your C&I average loan yield of 336 this quarter ex PPP. I guess given your growth prospects, I guess, how can you, I guess, how do you feel comfortable, I guess, pricing at that level? How do you ensure that you're getting paid for the risk you're taking, I guess, is my question?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. I think with rates being so low, that's a question that we have every day. Every day, we talk about it with our RMs, our team leaders and the credit team and the treasurer. I think that's not just C&I. It's also CRE as well for us. As you know, single-family and HELOC, the credit quality is so extraordinary, and I'm not concerned there. And then from a product offering perspective also, we have a unique product. So for C&I and CRE, honestly, I think that's also, we're being very careful to make sure from an overall return perspective, from kind of a credit quality perspective, we are careful with that. And that's reflected in kind of the growth numbers as well that we're expecting.

Operator

The next question comes from Gary Tenner with D.A. Davidson.

Gary Tenner -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

Guys, Goodmorning. I had a couple of questions. First, in terms of the C&I growth, and just kind of the general taking temperature of that customer base. Can you comment on kind of what degree growth is coming from the specialty verticals and if there's any of those specialty verticals that are getting particularly more active?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, we've been fortunate. I mean, I think since I would say the latter part of third quarter of last year, we're really seeing a positive momentum from just pretty much every single vertical. So every month, there's another team that come out stronger than the other one. It's a nice little internal competition, which is really healthy. But if I look at it in the first quarter from a loan outstanding point of view, I would say that the field that stand out for the first quarter for C&I loan outstanding loan growth will be mainly entertainment, healthcare, technology and a little bit of cross-border business. But in terms of commitment, so some of them have done well in terms of booking commitment, they just couldn't get anything funded. Like, for example, our private equity capital call lines, they get some nice commitment. They just haven't been able to get that loan funded. But in time, you would think that some of these private equity funds, they raise money to invest. So in time, you would think that they would start investing. So I would expect that different quarter will be a different mix. At this stage, I'm pretty comfortable that different sectors are going to be doing quite well. Other than in the oil and gas that we decided to really just slow down and then continue to have the balance to come down to less than $1 billion. And that's what we've been working on, and it's been working so far.

Gary Tenner -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

Got it. And then in terms of the provision guide, kind of a follow-up question there. If you assume 8% growth ex PPP and kind of a zero provision over the course of the year, that seems to get you pretty close to the Day one CECL allowance, plus or minus 138, 140. Have there been any changes that could maybe longer term drive that allowance below the CECL Day one or is that kind of the glide path to more of a base level?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. My math works out the same as yours. Certainly, I think they're depending on kind of what happens largely to the forecast. I think it could drive lower. If we look at it as of 3/31 versus Day one CECL, near term, drivers such as unemployment that are certainly higher today, but when we look at the forecast over multi-years, it's better. GDP growth is also something over the next couple of years looks to be better. So there are other drivers, I think, that, especially if they improve, could drive that lower, but certainly, that's something we're looking at very carefully.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from David Chiaverini with Wedbush Securities.

David Chiaverini -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Hi, Thanks. My first question is kind of a combo question between expenses and loans. So expenses were down in the quarter, but the guide was raised to the upper end of the range to 5% from 3% to 5%. And you mentioned that it's driven by growth in compensation related to loan production and computer software expense. I guess the question is, are you hiring on the loan team side of things or is the loan growth that you're expecting more a function of increased commitments and pipelines from the existing teams?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

We do. We have hired additional people. I wouldn't say that we have made a significant hiring. I think that I would say the vast majority of our growth is coming from our existing team.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

And I'll just add, and part of that commentary is really the point that if we look at it, payroll is up. Also, when we look at kind of the revenue and the expectations for growth on the lending side, the fee income side, we are also increasing our bonus pool that we've set aside given that our expectations on revenue and net income will be up considerably year-over-year. And if you look at it, I mean, the year-over-year increase for the first quarter this quarter to last year is about 3%. So hopefully, that gives you some perspective around that.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

And the other thing is that last year is not what I call a normal year. Had last year been relatively normal, I would think that the incremental increase would not be as much at all, simply because last year that we have reduced expenses quite a bit. So everything is relative.

David Chiaverini -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Thanks for that, and then shifting gears to the deposit growth, really nice this quarter, and you mentioned about the digital banking platform and the success you're having with treasury management and small business customers. I was wondering, can you break out the split between commercial and consumer in terms of driving that deposit growth. Was one weighted more than the other during the quarter?

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Do we have that number?

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I don't have the specific breakout, but it's definitely more weighted toward commercial. And I'll note, even for our retail branches, growth on consumer and commercial have both been very nice.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. I mean strong on both sides. It's just that probably a little more.

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The dollars are much bigger.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Dominic Ng for any closing remarks.

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you. So again, thank you so much for joining us on our call today. And I'm just looking forward to speaking to all of you in July for our second quarter earnings release. Thank you. Bye.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks]

Duration: 62 minutes

Call participants:

Julianna Balicka -- Director of Strategy and Corporate Development

Dominic Ng -- Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Irene H. Oh -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Ebrahim Poonawala -- Bank of America -- Analyst

Ken Zerbe -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Michael Young -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Brock Vandervliet -- UBS -- Analyst

Dave Rochester -- Compass Point -- Analyst

Elan Zanger -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Jared Shaw -- Wells Fargo -- Analyst

Chris McGratty -- KBW -- Analyst

Matthew Clark -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst

Gary Tenner -- D.A. Davidson -- Analyst

David Chiaverini -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

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